skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I can't comment on the rest of the interview, but this question in particular wouldn't necessarily be bad for some positions if so many people hadn't memorized a few solutions. A large part of some jobs is applying first-principles reasoning to a set of arbitrary requirements, and predicated on the assumption that a reasonable interviewer thought this was a good question or that they explicitly asked you to do your best to reason through the problem you'd be pretty safe starting with what you know and seeing how far that got you.

A sample chain of reasoning might go as follows:

- We have to take some first step transforming (X,Y) into (f(X,Y),Y) or (X,f(X,Y)). If one has a solution the other must as well, so assume (X,f(X,Y)).

- The function f can't destroy any information since swapping two variables twice ends up where we started.

- That immediately requires that f(X,Y) must properly depend on Y or else some information would be destroyed. Moreover, it has to properly depend on X if we're to ever make forward progress in swapping the information content of the two variables.

- The problem doesn't specify how big the numbers are, so as a first pass at the problem there should probably exist a solution that works with 1-bit numbers.

- There are only 16 two-input functions on bits. Only 2 of them (XOR and XNOR) properly depend on both variables and don't destroy information.

- Applying XOR or XNOR a few times you'll easily find a small number of operations that swap two variables.

For an alternative formulation you might not bother with or notice the 1-bit simplification. You'll go on to the second operation yielding (g(X,f(X,Y)), f(X,Y)). Again looking for something that makes your life easier you assume g is some kind of partial inverse of f so that you've actually almost completed the swap (i.e., that your partial solution at this point is (Y, f(X,Y))). That suggests some kind of a group-structure and lends itself to the XOR/XNOR we previously discovered, the ADD/SUB people commonly attempt as well (and we live in the real-world, say something to the interviewer about wraparound arithmetic or needing an extra bit if you go that route), and all sorts of other methods.

And so on. If you have reason to actually try to _solve_ this problem instead of regurgitating answers you'll find a half-dozen easy methods which should still leave plenty of time for the rest of the interview.

Side-note: I recall needing silly tricks like that more in .NET than other platforms. They didn't have an optimized popcount even as recently as the beginning of Covid for God's sake.
What is the model you ask? It’s very simple XX chromosome is female, XY is male.

Is that 100% of all cases ever. No, but hardly anything at all in science, or life, is. How do you classify a hermaphrodite? Does it matter? It’s a rare biological anomaly. Life is weird and strange things happen sometimes, that doesn’t mean that you throw the baby out with the bath water. It’s useful in life, science, and medicine to classify things biologically by their sex. If there are a few outliers that just go in “other” then so be it.

> Frogs can’t talk

That’s the whole point. How a frog feels, or perceives itself, is entirely irrelevant as to weather it is classified as a male or female. So why is it any different with humans? When we talk about male or female with other species there is no notion of a “social construct”, but somehow when talk about humans it’s supposed be different and not follow the rules we use with every other species on the planet? Why? Because some people feel bad? Sorry, not a good argument.
Yea. Familiar with that.
Somehow you are very confident that this github issue can be avoided by horizontal sharding? I am not so sure about that. If my hypothesis is right (see my other comment in this HN discussion), then it can be rather trivial to bring down any MySQL instance or shard, such that the end result would be similar regardless of horizontal sharding.

I would also back otterley's position that there exists many other companies with larger non-sharded MySQL instances than github's. They may or may not have better reliability than github.
And you can still use that product (1Password 7/6, including continued iOS app support you're not paying for), but the subscription is a service that people other than you do pay for. They just released 1Password for SSH Keys and it works pretty well, that's the type of updates I expect from my continued payment for a password management service.
I agree - supporting details are even brought up in the paper itself, except it is presented as a "baffling discovery":

> [I]n their second lifecycle the tools were reshaped in a very specific and minimal manner, preserving the original form of the tool, including its patina, and only slightly modifying the active edge.

If I need to make my own knives any time I want to use one, I think it would be easier to pick up an old dull knife and sharpen it a little bit, instead of making a brand new knife from scratch.
Another post from an account created 12 days ago for the express purpose of promoting his blog without engaging the community in any way.
Ah, apologies. Got it. Thank you!

Yes, I agree with you there about some science journalism, and in particular the tabloid variety. When you read quality writing like you'd find at Nature, Aeon/Psyche etc, which values the ideas for themselves rather than for what outrageously speculative headline can be squeezed out of them for "the man on the street", you can see a huge difference in the way it's being communicated. And you're right - it's not as successful, because the good stuff isn't negative-emotionally triggering (unless the worst kinds of tabloids get their hands on it).

Negativity bias deranks science stories that are all about careful, quiet optimism and cautious hopefulness. That's a huge, huge problem - especially as our curiosity seems to grow out of positive rather than negative emotional responses to information. (Anhedonia, strongly correlated with depression, is the inability to feel pleasure, and it includes the inability to take pleasure in learning something new - ie. it kills your curiosity).

Anyway, I'm rambling. Thank you for this thoughtful clarification!
Yes this is a more plausible example of needed regulation to align capitalistic incentives on societally beneficial outcomes (vs cat UTI research)
I think most NFT marketplaces cache the images on a server to serve them faster, only pulling from the IPFS file if they have to
I actually recommend Dashlane to friends and family who are non-technical because it’s much easier to use than any of the open source options I’ve seen.
Outperforming Imperative with Pure Functional Languages (Video, 35min)
In a rising rates environment, house sale prices tend to fall (or rise much more slowly at best).
Oh I see. Well unless there are special requirements there is are probably existing modules you can drop in, e.g. from Drupal.
> Reproduction efforts saved us from that damage. [...] These efforts were not the damage.

I'm pretty sure everyone firmly agrees with this.
Fine, a Pyrrhic victory of style over substance.
Agreed. I liked 1Password a lot more when it was not subscription-based. The client is worse, the reliability is worse, the subscription is painful. The value is not there.

But it's a password manager and I use it. Perhaps I will bother to investigate alternatives and switch before my next renewal.
The protocol had the capability for it but the chipsets in the initial smartphones were less power-efficient.
I spent some time today trying to replace pg but I ran into an issue. When using an rds proxy with iam authentication, it seems to repeatedly retry authentication and eventually my lambda functions time out. If I switch to using regular credentials it works fine. Using the exact same options with pg+iam authentication also works fine which leads me to believe it's an issue with this project.

I'll open an issue on GitHub tomorrow.
That might be the case but the real issue is that he didn't account for the fact that the riches nations in the world are backing Ukraine and they are willing to give the country a S-load of weapons and money to fight. They are also willing to do all they can to stop Russia short of direct combat. I don't think anyone saw how difficult the fight would be for Russia and its arm forces. It seems that Ukraine is only getting stronger while Russia is getting weaker.
basically, if you don't look too hard, ipfs is bittorrent improved.

The structures were cleaned up and given a shave, the trackers removed in favor of just putting everyone on the dht.
This is a trauma response style logic where the bad/harmful thing is the default and the healthy thing needs to be proven. The fact of the matter is that cheating to the point of clandestinely having children is abnormal and unusual. It isn’t blind faith that your partner is faithful; your partner will show you their faithfulness just by the act of being your partner. It’s not staying out without explanation. It’s emotional engagement with the relationship. It’s transparency when things get boring. It’s the labor in keeping the relationship fresh and interesting. Overlooking this to lean towards mistrust also devalues the labor of your partner and shows your bias towards past trauma. I understand this thing is big stakes and is very hurtful, but even grand hurts doesn’t justify no longer paying attention to basic reality for over-cautious behavior.
Henry Ford paid his workers more to reduce turnover, not so they could afford his cars.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2012/03/04/the-stor...
Check out how Frank Ocean released 2 albums at a time to A) get out of his Def Jam contract then
B) release another album (same week?) in a deal with Apple Music. He was black-balled by the industry after. Not another Apple Music partnership since afaik
> "Oh, so you mean, perform action A when the button us released within 3 seconds?". "Well, no I want it do A when I push the button".

It seems like what's gone wrong here is not that the customer wants something impossible, but that they don't understand what you mean when you say "perform action A when the button is released".

If you show one of those people a device with the behavior you describe -- e.g. "toggle a light if the button is released within 0.5 seconds, but toggle the other light, instead, if it's pressed and held for 3 seconds" -- would they agree that it does what they say they want?

Almost everyone understands "pushing a button" to include the action of releasing the button.
> I wish Apple Keychain is better so I can switch to use it completely.

This would be nice, but it'd need to be fully-featured, including Windows support (Linux too, but i'd be doubtful) and non-Safari password autofill support (or they could re-introduce Safari to Windows, i'd be fine with that).
That was my thought, also. You very well might be able to do things with the SDK that no human can do. The Therac-25 disaster comes to mind--a sufficiently skilled operator could inadvertently command it to become a death ray. (The trigger condition was to change it's operating mode while it was still executing the previous mode change command. Your average operator couldn't enter orders fast enough, but the fastest people could. It was supposed to work at high power with a target in the way to convert the electron beam to x-rays, or at low power as a direct electron beam. Confuse it and you got the high power mode with no target in the way and a fried patient.
> except insofar as that poverty affects non-whites

The elephant in the room is that most impoverished people in the US are white but the social narrative is that this is only an issue for minorities.
As we all know, it's impossible to automate a crypto transaction.
This. The author dumps on ms for going flat, but MS did it with rock solid consistency.

I had a win phone 7 device. It was the pinnacle of consistent Gui.

Is it colored? Then it's a button. Is it white? It's a Text box. Is it a giant title? It's tabbed horizontal scroll.

Are you a "designer" who wants to color something non-clickable? Piss off, you don't get to do that.
I'm considering using IPFS for storing metadata (in a similar way that DOI tracks publications) for accessioning genomics and wetlab microbiology data. The data will still be stored in the institution (b/c of data governance laws).

The reason I really like that IPFS exists is bc it's a really convenient, mostly cheap and mostly reliable place to put stuff for quick access, even more than running my own server (ew), or paying for hosting and/or using Supabase, Firebase, etc.

Basically using IPFS as a convenient k/v store. The data is still stored locally, but it's just much less convenient to access.

Is anyone else doing this kind of setup?
In theory I agree with you.

In practice, Ive seen too many bad faith actors intentionally drawing false conclusions and then linking to data they say agrees with them that clearly doesnt. Twitter, wikipedia and facebook are terrible for this behaviour, many of the so called fact checkers just as bad.

Healthcare trial data analysis is a highly specialised skill, (last one I did took about 3 months of meetings just to understand the dataset, about 6000 columns of abbreviations of complex medical terms) those with the qualifications to analyse it are typically not refused access if they actually want it, something like GPRD is generally more valuable and available to everyone.

In Sweden everyones entire medical history is open access for research.

There isnt any shortage of data, there is an acute shortage of analysts and finance to cover the costs involved.
If we are claiming that biological sex and gender are different than what makes someone a woman goes beyond biology/evolution. If we are claiming that gender is socially constructed then gender dysphoria is a spectrum which we are all probably on as nobody aligns perfectly with all the gender norms in their society.

But if it is constructed and everything is on a spectrum then what are we even arguing about?
I'm very much a fan of password-store on that list:

https://www.passwordstore.org/

Worst case scenario it's basically just a wrapper for GPG, so you can always get at the password if you have access to your GPG keyring.

I've also never had to directly install it on Linux, it seems to come pre-installed on most distros recently (I think it's a part of GNOME or something, even though I don't use that).
Strongly agree with this, two key concepts in particular:

1. Using group discussion to make the principled rubric is incredibly respectful of everyone’s (employee and candidate) time, not just now but future time. Using the rubric is also unreasonably effective at getting clearer pictures of people quickly.

2. Systematic doesn’t mean automated, and that hiring should aspire to be systematic to the point it makes no difference who interviewed the candidate, and all the difference which candidate interviewed.

I’ll add one …

3. If you have a rubric setting a consistent bar, share feedback with the candidate in real time (such as asking to ‘help me understand your choice I might have done differently?’) as well as synthesized feedback at the end: “This is my takeaway, is it fair?”

Contrary to urban legend this never got us sued. Every candidate, particularly those being told no, said it was refreshing to hear where they stood and appreciated the opportunity to revisit or clarify before leaving the room. Key is non judgmental clear synthesis with, “Is that fair?”
Security updates yes, but passwords are one of the most stable, least changing-parts of anything I do with a computer. File sync is also well understood and a commodity offering. In 35 years, the only thing that’s changed for me viz logging in is the introduction of TOTPs. I’d rather not have my password manager constantly changing except for security updates. I certainly don’t want to pay a a subscription service for a company to reshuffle the UI every five years.

I’ve switched to KeePassXC and Strongbox on iOS. It’s every bit as good as 1Password was for the last ten years, and I don’t have to worry about the future of the product locking me into crappy “growth” decisions. I’ll be donating a similar subscription fee to the maintainers of KeePassXC that 1Password would ask for.
I've only watched a few articles from the new queue for through their process of hitting the front page (and it's really great to be the first one to upvote something that gets there, more people should check out that queue!)

But even with that limited knowledge, 12 points in 45 seems more than necessary to get something to the front page, at which point it has a mind of its own.

And the low quality of previously great password managers certainly strikes a chord with me... BitWarden is the only one I can stand these days, but it's not great.
The entire basis of the Internet is connectivity and fragmenting it for the sake of politics will just eventually lead to a replacement that is more decentralized
Cinema requires different lenses.

A standard camera lens will not remain in focus while zooming. Cinema lenses have to--imposing restrictions that cause the lenses to be a lot more expensive. (A cinema lens works fine for still photography, but why pay the price/weight premium?)
Popper’s Plato
There are lots of papers from researchers looking for possible side effects and then looking at population data to see if there was any change in the baseline rate that corresponded to it. It seems a pretty good way to get a publication out there to me, since it is both novel and relevant.
Why would it be foolish to complain about Electron?
I’d be interested in learning more about your friend’s service.
People want to reiterate '1Password subscription bad' pretty much. It's the running theme for all recent 1Password related stories:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29993961

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28145247

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27194279
He should be able to live on that salary, no argument. Being able to live alone in a studio or with roommates in a 3BR is the way loads of 20-somethings have lived for many decades.

He should be able to live; that doesn’t (for me) extend to “rent the average 1BR apartment for less than 35% of his gross pay, by law”.
Early votes are weighted higher than later votes. If you browse /new your upvotes are far more impactful. If you browse the front page, much more rare to make a difference to a submission's trajectory, unless it just got there, then you can help determine whether / how long it stays.
I've noticed it not connecting on windows, I have to open the addon window twice pretty often.
The IAU (International Appetizers Union) has ruled that open faced sandwiches are in fact dwarf sandwiches, and are therefore not true sandwiches.

A "giant sandwich" must have enough mass to be nearly spherical due to hydrostatic equilibrium. None have yet been discovered.
XOR swap, as others have noted, is another very common way of implementing a swap without temporary variables. It's also a good exercise for formal verification, here's a proof in Coq of XOR swap's correctness in C.[0]

[0] https://gist.github.com/siraben/d2ad58914166d5f6139b03b1b503...
I really like 1Password but this hits very close to home.

It used to be a solid app and now its browser integration have been more and more messed up for me these last few months.

I’m having the same issues detailed here.
Thanks. Brilliant response I will save ( or Steal it ) it next time the conversation comes up.... which is increasingly common in Open Source.
Well most of the politicians don't have a clue that any of that stuff is possible either.
One certainly can't get much more worse than worser.
What Le Corbusier got wrong and right in his design of Chandigarh
It wouldn't fix things if that is what you are wondering. You MIGHT get away with 1 person with a 1-bedroom apartment. However, regarding gas prices, contrary to popular belief, the US does not have any permanent control at all over gas prices. They COULD have control over gas prices, however that would require all parties to pass a law to prohibit speculations (aka "futures") on oil pricing. There are too many hands in the pot for that to happen. Note that this isn't an issue unique to the US. Not a single country in the world has a law like this.

That being said, I 100% agree with minimum wage being 3x the median cost of a 1-bedroom apartment for 1 person working 20 hours a week. Why 20 hours a week? Companies LOVE to only give folks part time hours. Of course, in my area that equates to $42/hour, however, note that even at 40 hours a week you are looking at $21/hour. Also, why 3x? When you apply for a mortgage OR sign a lease you typically need to earn 3x the housing cost in order to qualify. Mortgage companies and landlords alike typically want to see housing take less than 33% of your pretax income.
On infinite ethics
SDKs are normally a bunch of function headers and documentation explaining them. You can do what you want with that, you're not supposed to look under the hood and figure out *how* the functions actually work.
Does anyone know why 1Password's client application is closed-source? For a company so "modern" and insistent on transparency, it seems weird that they wouldn't even release the client app code as at least "source available". Don't get what they would be losing here. Same question with the server. Bitwarden seems to be doing just fine with an open-source/source-available approach.
> The certificate would just be another layer of indirection. I fail to see how that would be a meaningful change.

That certificate would only be issued after you've gone through SSO or some other certificate management process and it would have a defined expiry period, maybe even as short as a few minutes. It is a meaningful change.

When using key based authentication, as long as you had your public key in the authorized_keys file on the server, you would be able to login without issues, even if your keypair is compromised. With certificates, even if your keypair is compromised, you wouldn't be able to login to that server because you'd have to compromise the SSO/MFA authentication step as well, which adds another layer of meaningful security in the process.
>with the exceptions being just that: exceptions

This is a parochial viewpoint.

Are you aware that other species have a wide variety of mechanisms for determining sex? Which means that evolution can and does result in the modification of fundamentals, at least if you take common descent for granted.

This can only happen if a mostly bimodal distribution is not entirely bimodal - what would provide the material for evolution to something different otherwise?

Hence, the outliers are not insignificant at all, except according to some arbitrary value system.

I don't have a reference, but I vaguely recall reading that the asymmetry between the X and Y chromosome has developed under evolutionary pressure and eventually the Y chromosome may disappear entirely.
> The brilliant thing about “equity” is that it refocuses everyone on distribution within a class instead of between classes.

This is something I hope is not true, but as more people mention it make me think really is. How sick is it, if true, people are purposely pitting people against each other for the sake of getting away with something.

Semi related...I hear a term a lot recently that seems similar...'pulling the ladder up.'

Seems most companies who are all in on diversity have all white C levels, often all men. Typical "I got mine." mindset. Seems increasingly those pushing divisive things are those not affected by them.