skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
It's worth noting that the UK has now started developing very large scale off shore wind systems. You are right though - there has been massive deindustrialization and especially a shift from processing of raw material into intermediate forms. For example steel manufacturing in the UK is only for specialist products.
I don't fully understand your question (I don't know what you mean by breaking the pattern), but I'll give it a shot.

The short version is that the "Null" uses your real production code. The mock doesn't.

Let's say you have some login page that uses Auth0. You have a controller for the page and an infrastructure wrapper (aka gateway) for Auth0. You want to test that your login controller logic is implemented correctly.

When you test your controller with a mock, your code goes through this path:

Test --> Controller --> Mock

But your real code does this:

Controller --> Auth0 Wrapper -/\/\/ (HTTPS request) \/\/\-> Auth0 Service

So you're vulnerable. If you ever refactor your Auth0 wrapper so it behaves differently than your controller expects, none of your tests will catch it, even if you have good tests of both Controller and Auth0 Wrapper. You can prevent this vulnerability by writing an integration test:

Test --> Controller --> Auth0 Wrapper -/\/\/-> Auth0 Service

But those are slow and brittle, and a lot of work to set up. Your test of Controller has to know all sorts of details about Auth0 Service, which requires you to know about the implementation details of Auth0 Wrapper. But you're just trying to test Controller, and you want Auth0 Wrapper to hide those details from you.

So instead, if you implement nullable infrastructure, your Auth0 Wrapper would work like this:

+-/\/\/-> Auth0 Service
/
Auth0 Wrapper +
\
+--> Null Auth0 Service

At runtime, you can choose to call the `create()` factory method, and get an Auth0 Wrapper that talks to Auth0 Service, or you can call the `createNull()` factory method, and get an Auth0 Wrapper that doesn't talk to the Auth0 Service. Either way, the service is encapsulated and you don't have to know any of the details about how Auth0 Service works.

So, in your test of Controller, you can inject the `createNull()` version of Auth0 Wrapper, and now your test looks like this:

Test --> Controller --> Auth0 Wrapper --> Null Auth0 Service

You get all the benefits of an integration test without the costs of an integration test. You don't have to know the internals of how Auth0 Wrapper is implemented, you don't have to set up Auth0 Service, and you don't make a network call.

So, in the future, if Auth0 Wrapper changes in a way that breaks Controller, Test fails. If you were using a mock, it wouldn't.

I have a bunch of coding livestreams with practical examples at https://www.jamesshore.com/v2/projects/lunch-and-learn. Check out episode 4 for the basics, and episodes 5-8 (and beyond) for an example of implementing a real world microservice architecture using these ideas.
> at least a couple hundred comments.

for context, that's when a "a couple hundred comments" was as big as "a couple of thousand/tens of thousands" of comments is now.

Slashdot was the centre of the (tech) internet for a long time.
Java 18 Features: Deprecating Finalizers, Simple Web Server and UTF-8 by Default
On the mysticism note, I want to add that math is perhaps the only subject that forces one to engage the upper "abstract" mind. The lower mind is concerned with modeling real world phenomenas, while the upper mind works with purely abstract things, aka the "true reality" in mysticism.
The sizeof(variant) example is wrong. An extra byte is needed to store the discriminator value, which in practice results in 8 extra bytes for these particular types because of alignment. https://godbolt.org/z/vno3v9rPK

The tuple drawing is also somewhat misleading, because the first box (int) should be the same size as the second one (double), due to alignment.
The Stasi Poetry Circle by Philip Oltermann Review – Paper Spies
Hydrogen is like gasoline. Trucks and cars use the same gas pumps.
> filling a car’s fuel tank is one of the most volatile and essential line items in a typical household budget

With work-from-home I'm finding that this is absolutely not the case anymore. I do walk a block every few days to buy simple groceries that I didn't used to do. This isn't about the car and mostly as a way of making up for the exercise I don't get by going to the office every day and associated incidental walking/meandering.
Every other electric car enthusiastic never questions, why did we invest 100s of millions in hydro power plants. It's all about this exists, we can use it and it's less combustion but never about, how much does it cost me personally to charge my car vs how much does it take you to fuel a car in a gas station, how long do I have to take to make my car go forward etc.

It's always about, this is the newest invention, this is an electric car, this is the good things that is said about it, but nothing about the hell you are in when it comes to charge your car or what you pay for it.

This is why I never get into a, oh you are better off getting an electric car because it is good for the environment discussion without them understanding that you are generating electricity the best way using fuels, it's so stupid, it's bad.
The AHA is full of shit. Monosaturated fats and even saturated fats are endlessly better for you than Omega6 PUFAs.

Your daily fat intake should be more olive oil based, get some omega3s from fish 1-2x a week, and a moderate amount saturated fats.

Omega6s are fine in the levels you get in Olive Oil (there's a little), or in nuts (macademia nuts being the lowest in omega6s) and say the odd avocado.

To eat them in nthe levels that the West eats them in is toxic and there are endless studies about Omega6s being inflammatory and even contributing to insulin resistance in conjunction with sugar (yes.. a fat encouraging diabetes).
> The real question for a well-populated island nation is how much area do you have to write off if a nuclear reactor suffers from a major accident (or attack)?

I always roll my eyes at this line of reasoning. First, the number of nuclear incidents of that scope can be counted on one hand, and at least the Fukushima one was a result of poor planning. Second, that analysis never accounts for the externalities incurred by continuing to use fossil fuel Peaker plants, the externalities of etching solar panels and creating batteries, etc. Yes, nuclear power accidents can be very bad if we do a bad job of engineering the plan, and our other forms of energy production have major externalities even if we do a very good job.
It's cheaper to give apartment buildings and nearby properties tax incentives to install chargers that are used 30 minutes at a time than to install hydrogen stations for apartment dwellers...

In the SE united states, our Power Companies are actively partnering with our Gas Stations to add chargers.

(this is in addition to Tesla's massive Super Charger network that gets people from coast to coast, generic charges installed at state parks, and local and federal tax benefits to install chargers)
Twitter is just any other link - there are plenty, and I provided multiple. There are also many Telegram (which is widely used in Ukraine) groups where you can get videos and information from the first hand - feel free to google for them since it seems like you won't trust what I share.

If you are talking about corridors not being respected by Ukraine, then it's time to provide some source to support what you are saying.

If you believe in good will and justified behavior from Russian side, then I believe you really should make an effort to understand what is happening better.
I believe this already exists. However, my impression is that while they may ask for your github, no potential employer ever actually checks it.
BEV solve 99% of the problem and hydrogen is not worh investing in for the rest. The battle is already over, and just like with cars 10 ago its totally clear but it will be another 5 years until the hydrogen defenders admit it.

And claiming that hydrogen doesnt need much development is an insane claim given the money put in and the total lack of success.
Was it RAID5/6? If not that's worrying. I've had one BTRFS system eat itself to the point that it could only be mounted read-only, but no data loss.
seed oils are unhealthy. and there are plenty of studies proving so.
It is 8 xboxs in the 2U chassis apparently (they're stacked two high)[0] analysis [1]

[0]: https://external-preview.redd.it/Ma7bVRkbUuoM4xhzbJFe3qdTzAZ...
[1]: https://www.reddit.com/r/xcloud/comments/gdp48d/project_xclo...
Can't access the study, but the article doesn't elaborate on how they're able to make the jump from correlation to causation ("companies that respond to 75% of complaints on twitter openly also tend to fall in brand quality metrics" -> "responding to complaints on twitter openly cause companies to fall in brand quality metrics"), and they also don't talk about the effect size.
> There's absolutely NO health benefit to having any added sugar in food products.

That's a better take, to be sure. I haven't done the research, but I feel confident in agreeing that there are no health benefits to added sugar. Much like there are no health benefits to smoking.

At that point it becomes too nuanced of a subject for the "our generations smoking" argument though. It makes no difference to my body if the fructose in my juice came from the apple that was juiced, or if it was added later on. It doesn't matter if the fructose I added to my chocolate cake came from orange juice or HFCS. So it becomes an argument of quantity, with the argument being that there's too must sugar in processed foodstuffs. And hey, I agree.

I think that's a fine argument to make, but it's miles away from the "any amount is bad, and if you do it, it says something bad about your character" that we've used against smoking.
Newspapers did both. You paid for them and they had a classified section.

On the other hand, they didn't have invasive tracking of modern websites.
There are commercially-available exercise bikes etc. that have inverters built in[1], though they're marketed to gyms who want to buy a fleet of them it looks like. I am skeptical it'd be practical, but it might not be a terrible idea if you were buying your first machine (and not replacing a perfectly good existing one).

1: https://www.gosportsart.com/product/g516-indoor-cycle/
Suburbia Is Subsidized: Here's the Math
The total number of individual plants to replace is small (usually one or two per train, some tens of thousands across North America), and some existing propane/natural gas fired turbine-electric trains are probably suitable to retrofit. The US rail grid is almost entirely unelectrified, and electrification of long rural routes is both a large project and has high upfront costs, especially relative to the low utilization of some routes. Basically, hydrogen would be attractive for trains in North America for the same reason why most trains in North America are diesel, not electric.

I suspect the answer for this niche is probably synthetic diesel though, as with synthetic jet fuel. If you already have the hydrogen, fixing it to some carbon is a relatively simple additional step.
Hydrogen as a fuel is a pollution amplifier. See https://www.tinaja.com/h2gas01.shtml
Carbon neutral synthetic kerosene is a more viable alternative to current jet fuel. Unlike hydrogen, it has no additional safety risks and won't require any changes to aircraft design or infrastructure.
Did you watch the video you linked?
you can't keep increasing battery capacity indefinitely either, batteries become more reactive as the electrode potential increases, so there's physical limits to what batteries can (safely) deliver too.

Unfortunately a lot of the battery capacity gains of the last 15 years have resulted from loosening these tolerances for fire/explosion, I'm thinking about lithium-ion and lithium-polymer chemistry here. Lithium-iron-phosphate is an example of a safer chemistry, but it also has significantly lower energy density, it's probably still better than NiMH but not anywhere near as much as lithium-ion or polymer types.

That means that if you are looking at an iso-safety sense, the gains have been much slower than "maximum potential even if you are ok with batteries exploding when overcharged/overloaded/punctured". We have just been ramping up our tolerance for batteries of the latter type.
Synthetic kerosene is probably the real answer. Compatible with existing infrastructure, aircraft, and engines.
New world era –- Russia and China versus the rest? Fareed Zakaria interview
Don Lancaster's Guru's Lair Hydrogen Resources Page
The French seem to have solved the waste problem.

And either way, at least it's less urgent than the climate one
No it could work in other places. You buy 1 unit of energy for £50 per unit. And then sell at £150 per unit, or £90 for your remaining 0.6 units. The profit is from the price difference. You make money from arbitrage. And this is the kind of price difference you would expect in a grid with lots of intermittent sources. And the cheaper the source commodity becomes the less efficiency really matters.
I think https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30588362 has shown that this wouldn't solve anything for this particular case.
> For example, undergraduates who have taken it are generally explicitly prohibited in course descriptions from taking further undergraduate mathematics classes (because it would be free credit for retreading the same ground) and can only take graduate courses from then on out.

Not at all, you are only prohibited from taking "freshman courses"[1]—that's what 55 is supposed to cover (definitely not all of the undergrad math curriculum), though some professors go beyond that. Many students go on to take at least some undergrad courses, with those in the 140's range being mathematical logic gems with no real counterpart in the graduate department.

[1]Students from Math 55 will have covered in 55 the material of Math 122 and Math 113. If you have taken 55, you should look first at Math 114, Math 123 and the Math 131-132 sequence. https://legacy-www.math.harvard.edu/pamphlets/courses.html
Compressed Hydrogen in even composite tanks is not particularly low weight.
This path already exists. We have community colleges that are almost free which can be followed up by state colleges that admit almost anyone. And both offer many types of flexible classes. Someone can easily do a 4 year degree with minimal debt.

If you make things completely free then they will just be abused and wasted.
> but when the data consistently bears out that that is not the truth you have a responsibility to look at reality.

I have to admit you've lost me. What reality are we talking about?

> "The democrats are smug" okay...lets ask the follow-up question. Why? how? please explain?

Thomas Sowell has written entire books about the arrogance of leftism. This one I've read personally: https://www.amazon.com/Quest-Cosmic-Justice-Thomas-Sowell/dp...

This one I would like to find time to read: https://www.amazon.com/Vision-Anointed-Self-Congratulation-S...

From my own personal experience, it takes a certain arrogance to believe in authoritarianism, that a few elite should be making all the decisions for the unwashed masses. This describes the current democrat party to a tee.

Similarly, it takes a certain arrogance to believe you have all the answers, and similarly, to ignore all the evidence that disproves your assumptions. This describes most so-called progressives.

In contrast, it takes humility to be a conservative, recognize that you don't have all the answers, that things are the way they are for a reason, and that the world is complex with more far tradeoffs than pure solutions.
But some of those pilots made critical mistakes describing the tic tac, things like FOV changes on the camera were interpreted by them publicly as velocity changes of the object.
Hydrogen vehicles ARE electric vehicles. Complete with electric motors and batteries. It's just that one gets most of its power in a more roundabout way.
If I was a hiring manager with the actual time to do this I think what I would likely do is come up with a series of thought experiments and some actual technical tests for the candidate. Probably I would try to pick things that I did not (off the top of my head) know the answer to and exactly how to do it. And then I might try to go through with the candidate and see their thought process through the whole thing while also volunteering some of my thought process to try to solve it together.

The point would not even be to try to necessarily solve the problem itself - more just to see how I got along with them. Of course some people might freeze up when asked to do this, but I think that happens in any higher pressure interview environment. And if I do not know the solution off the top of my head either and am obviously even struggling in some parts myself I think that takes a ton of the pressure off of them to be a wizard that can solve it in the moment.
To contribute a potential confounder, pasting this from another comment: "I've only ever engaged on Twitter when companies do not provide an avenue for direct customer support in private"
So... worse electric trains?
That’s how Triplebyte use to operate. It didn’t work out.
For all of its faults, YT is a known quantity.
You can't deny that it's borderline foolish to spend much more energy to build a device to save energy, even if you think it could be repurposed in the uncertain future. If we're going to be conscious about our (carbon/pollution/etc.) footprint in this planet, we have to make rational decisions about our consumption. It doesn't mean we can't have fun, we just have to waste less.
The proofs can help immensely in remembering theorems and knowing their needed assumptions and application area. Mainstream math education is also already light on difficult proofs in introductory (undergraduate) texts. You can always skip the proofs anyhow.
That he gets sarcastic at times is for entertainment purposes, not to hurt your feelings. Bozos do exist however and are not productive by definition. I don't think writing valid bugs should be a problem.
Actually, https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30588362 has convinced me this wouldn't necessarily solve the bug in question either, since it's a bug caused by (quite legitimately) re-using an existing value. Though it would be easy to implement a "free" operation by just writing `undefined`, so it would still help quite a bit, and more than suggestions like "just use an Optional/Maybe type".
The roundtrip efficiency in hydrogen production, starting from electricity, is pretty bad.

Quick chart here:

https://www.volkswagenag.com/content/dam/online-kommunikatio...

So with a hydrogen car you waste half your input electricity. For a gain in faster refueling?
I can see Microsoft making it a requirement to be logged in to a cloud service to take advantage of DirectStorage.
Electric is a complete non-starter for emergency vehicles. They need to be able to refuel in a grid-down situation, and fill up in minutes instead of hours. Hydrogen isn't as portable as gasoline, but it can be trucked to disaster areas easier than electricity.

If EVs really take off and we start to see gas stations shutting down, it would be nice to have the infrastructure already in place to keep fire trucks and ambulances rolling.
Ah, I understand what you're saying now. Yeah, that's fair assuming it was btrfs's fault for the data loss.

>Between being unable to reshape a pool (eg, removing a disk when plenty of free space exists) and not being safe with unclean shutdowns, it's hard to ever trust it. It even went a few good years where it seemed to be abandoned, but I guess since 2018 or so it's been picked up again.

FYI, btrfs does support reshaping pool with the btrfs device commands.
If doing math is essential to conceptual understanding and application, could the interface of math and physics be made more human-centered? For instance, the shift from Roman numerals to Arabic numerals made doing math easier. Based on your experience, might it be possible to increase accessibility by revising some of the arcane conventions of math and physics?

See Brett Victor’s 2011 proposal:
http://worrydream.com/KillMath/
How would you propose to solve the leakage and embrittlement problems that make hydrogen unsuitable for home heating today?
Batteries don't have the energy density to support hauling large masses of cargo over long distances [1]. Trains could be electrified, eliminating the requirement to carry fuel at all, but that requires building new infrastructure which may not be as economic in low-density regions in North America.

Hydrogen gas has the best energy density per unit of mass of any chemical fuel source (nuclear blows it out of the water, mind you), and could prove to be the best option for decarbonizing freight trains.

1, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density#/media/File:Ene...
You can set this permanently at the terminal with:

defaults write -g AppleShowAllFiles yes

or to always see the hidden files in the Finder:

defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles yes

use `defaults` to see and set a number of preferences that are not apparent. Around the turn of the century Mac OS started moving to streamline the UX and making it more difficult to change (and possibly break) things in that process; for better or worse. I remember the discoverability of user settings/preferences and tools/utilities being much easier using the finder and menu bars in the 90's. Now, one is forced to get comfortable with the command line to have that level of control and customization.
The state have enough control over the banks they they can already freeze, seize and surveil assets as they see fit.

Any legal constraints on this (human rights and such) can also be applied to a CBDC.
> You can look at hydrogen almost as a propane replacement as well.

That's exactly it, but maybe not in the way you meant.

Industries want to push hydrogen because the most economical way to produce it is by using fossil fuels. So they can pretend they are 'green' while keeping business as usual.
Knowing the basics of integration/derivation makes all sorts of very common concepts in physics much more intuitive - velocity, acceleration, area etc.
Hydrogen had more government support for longer. And EV started to establish themselves with very little support and continued growing once they were over.

In the consumers got tax benefits only for the first 250k cars. Tesla blew past that many,many years ago and it didnt stop their growth in the least.

And clean air credits would count for Hydrogen vehicles too.

BEV won because its quite simply far better almost any way you look at it. Fiancial, infrastruce , conviniance, mass production and so on. And its not even close.
Sodium-cooled reactors do not have much of a track record, and what there is fairly negative.

https://harpers.org/archive/2022/01/spent-fuel-the-risky-res...
> Basically, if we want to transition to a carbon neutral world, it is going to require a lot of people investing/purchasing projects/goods that do not make sense economically and might not initially be carbon neutral after accounting for embodied energy.

Large shifts like that don’t occur from people wasting money they have left over after entertaining themselves, they occur because the new way is much cheaper and the old way can’t compete.
When stabilized against the ocean some of the things the pilots said were pulling impossible G levels of acceleration were actually flying in a straight line:

https://www.metabunk.org/data/MetaMirrorCache/49d95870dca331...

Some of the other high g-force examples turned out to be an FOV change of the camera footage when toggling IR.