skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Your hunch is correct. At-home charging tends to be the cheapest while supercharging is going to command the highest premium.

I live in SoCal which has high EV adoption with loads of chargers everywhere and off the top of my head.

Off-peak home charging costs about 7 cents / KWh. My car's battery has about a 71KWh capacity so that's about $5 for a full charge.

Super charging prices vary on the time of day and region, but let's pick the worse time. You'll see about a 20-40 cents charge / KWh. That will cost me about $15-30. You can see those prices go down if you're charging at good hours though. Tesla will have morning incentives for instance.

Supercharging costs are higher because:

* Supercharging stations (for Tesla) cost about 300-400k USD per unit.

* Electricity providers charge a premium for higher amps/volt service.

As far as I know, Tesla doesn't try to make a profit with chargers. They keep it close to cost.
Double ironic when the creator is saying things like:

> "... having Booqsi be independent of Amazon was one of the inspirations for wanting to build it in the first place"
You are correct, and I should have noted that it was a poor attempt at sarcasm.

Given that the job market is already asymmetric and skewed in favour of companies, job seekers shouldn't be the ones giving away any signals, although, in reality, it is how it already works.
What are we looking at?
(sorry if this is off topic, but I couldn't resist asking) What platform are you using for your documentation? It looks very clean and page loads are pretty darn fast.
Our security software flags this as malware (Cisco Umbrella)
Ah, the analogy to VSCode and Jupyter actually helps me understand it.
Master Control Program of Burroughs Large Systems fame was first released in 1961 - latest release is from May 2021
Enter the third dimension – and bring your video with you
If somebody clones the repo they can even rewrite history. But that is not the same as them being able to claim the ownership of a commit in the original repo.
Maybe some kind of snapshotting for an in-memory database?
I have a great deal of skepticism concerning fully-autonomous cars, TBH. There are just too many corner cases around weather and sensing, etc., not to mention insurance and other regulatory hurdles.

Personally, the idea of "a wire in the road" by which I mean something like cats-eyes in the road but with RFID tags placed every 40 feet, or some other common means maintained by the DOT that all cars can use to sense where they are, is neglected because every player in autonomous cars wants the "winner take all" method of being first, which will give them at least, a $25 billion market cap.
Right, and so POSIX "fixed" that by standardizing posix_spawn. Thus fork is now mainly for those scenarios in which exec is not called, plus traditional coding that is portable to old systems.
for these reasons I have started using PGP signing for commits and releases I make
The oldest one I know is PDP-11. It's still being used in nuclear power plants and many plants will continue using it until at least 2050 (maybe even longer if they remain working). [1] PDP-11 was released in 1970 so your TSOS find is even older. I'm sure there's something even older than these two that's being used by various gov orgs and industrial systems. There's plenty of small consulting firms that support ancient systems. These contracts provide them with steady and stable income.

[1] https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/06/19/nuke_plants_to_keep...
This is basically the value proposition of Firebase & Supabase (they grew up to offer more than that, but DB as BaaS is their main product).

Regarding just using raw postgres sockets, the CONS is that it gets harder to code the client in javascript (I don't think webassembly can handle sockets yet?)

Security-wise, it can actually be done (see how firebase handles security) but you need a way (API layer? StoredProcedures?) to verity auth tokens (like JWT) sent from the clients
> Why would anyone ever want fork as a primitive?

> So why is there not a fork-exec combo?

There are so many variations to what you can do with fork+exec that designing a suitable "fork-exec combo" API is really difficult, so any attempts tend to yield a fairly limited API or a very difficult-to-use API, and that ends up being very limiting to its consumers.

On the flip side, fork()+exec() made early Unix development very easy by... avoiding the need to design and implement a complex spawn API in kernel-land.

Nowadays there are spawn APIs. On Unix that would be posix_spawn().

> And as long as I'm asking stupid questions, why would anyone ever use vfork? If the child shares the parent's address space and uses the same stack as the parent, and the parent has to block, how is that different from a function call (other than being more expensive)?

(Not a stupid question.)

You'd use vfork() only to finish setting up the child side before it execs, and the reason you'd use vfork() instead of fork() is that vfork()'s semantics permit a very high performance implementation while fork()'s semantics necessarily preclude a high performance implementation altogether.
Show HN: Fetch Forms – a headless form builder
I've been building websites for 8 years and I've always hated building forms. They're all similar enough to be a repetitive task, but different enough that they still take quite a bit of time and effort. So, after a few years of not finding the tool I wanted, I decided to built it.

Introducing Fetch Forms!

Developers can create forms with the speed of a form builder and they can use those forms in their code. Devs can use their favorite frontend tools and libraries or even use Fetch Form's frontend libraries to render their forms.

Form submissions are always provided to the developer in-code as well as an optional setting to save the submissions to Fetch Forms cloud.

I would appreciate any feedback!
Well, we're veering off into the weeds. The OP mentioned simply thinking about something, for a few weeks, before writing any code. They didn't mention anything about writing stuff down.

I cut my teeth, in the days when we were supposed to design the entire program; from start to finish, on a pad of paper, hand it to a data entry clerk, who would then create a deck of cards, based on the work.

It would then be scheduled for an expensive slice of time, and, if it screwed up, you got spanked.

It sucked. It really sucked.

Full disclosure: by the time I entered the field, punchcards had been replaced by VT-100 terminals and line printers, but the process was still the same, minus the data entry clerk.

These days, it's totally freewheeling. I try stuff out, screw up, kick myself, then try again.

I write about how I do stuff, here: https://littlegreenviper.com/miscellany/thats-not-what-ships...
X% of Y is always Y% of X, and that's because (X times Y) equals (Y times X).
True, but quoting the path will work: cd "/D"
Given we can make certain plastics from renewable resources, recycle them, or even compost them, I'd lean better, but I also think we're on a trajectory to people preferring 'micro-plastic free' diets.
I miss when c++ was more common. None of the competing languages are the same.
> Actually I don't understand why the `async` keyword is needed at all.

Indeed:

$ raku -e'sub non-async { await start { say "hello world" } }; non-async'
hello world
can you use this option?

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/config_t...
I always give a range, I've never gotten an offer at the bottom of the range. Generally, it's the top of the range, or very close to it, or top of their budget (which is below the range).

Granted, I tend to interview for roles I'm already demonstrably good at. So less experienced/suitable people might have different experiences. But this kind of negotiation clearly doesn't follow the "obvious" path.

Remember, hiring managers are spending their own money and people do get excited for candidates. When you spent 20 hours interviewing people, and you finally get that unicorn, everyone is going to push for them.
I'm talking about the foundation's total picture, obviously.

The Pi isn't mainstream hardware, is it?

Their total picture includes OS distribution and support that eclipses all the other mini-SBC-type ARM machines.

Ubuntu has a mainstream distribution supported by the Pi Imager, and it should support sound, if you have the right boot parameters set?

(edit: not sure this supports as far back as the 2B; I might have to test that)
I've been hearing this for the past decades.

Where are all those robots who would have replaced people flipping burgers ten or fifteen years ago?
> This case might not be super important in the long run, but why does it have to be a fact of life?

For the very reason mentioned in this article: people can claim the commits without verification.
A huge chunk of costs for nuclear is construction, which greatly suffers from Baumol’s cost disease.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumol%27s_cost_disease
I should really upload my 500 line bash script that does this to a cluster of machines, nothing is tied to AWS. It can provision a cluster with a single command line, all you need is ssh access to the machines and you're done, complete with log aggregation (custom, not yet released), on-demand file storage (using Longhorn), an s3 compatible filesystem (using Garage), automated and encrypted backups, ssl termination, automated os upgrades, etc.

You only need ssh for provisioning and when things break (like that one time etcd went crazy from a full network buffer).
Percentages are just fractions:

x% of y = x/100 * y
= y/100 * x
= y% of x

It's not a "seems to hold true", it is true.
Feedback welcome, what feature would you want so this tool is helpful for you?
Responding to huge events that were unfolding in eastern Europe? I get that the Euromaidan protests are inconvenient to Russian propaganda efforts, but why is it at all sinister that a U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs was present at a protest? Why is it suspicious that the US' Ambassador was present at protests that were protesting what amounted to Putin vetoing a very popular effort to deepen ties between Ukraine and the EU?

None of that, of course, is responsive to the original question of why Ukraine wasn't a friend in 2014 (in your narrative, this follows a coup and the installation of a friendly, western regime) but seems to be a friend now. Why Russia was able/allowed to annex Crimea with minimal international outcry is obvious—he either had or successfully fabricated a plausible enough claim—but doesn't fit in with the idea that all rules of conduct are applied only against enemies and not to friends.
Personal counteranecdote: This depends on how it's booked. A so-called "hacker fare" from Kayak or Orbitz or Expedia or someone last year that involved two different underlying carrier bookings had a 45 minute connection between them. The covid paperwork check line took 90 minutes due to long lines and low staffing in the transfer airport.

The carrier for the second constituent booking said FOAD when asked about a rebooking after the flight had left. The reseller (I forget if it was Kayak or Orbitz or Expedia) refused a refund. We ended up having to book a replacement ticket for over $1000, and an overnight hotel stay.

American Express eventually sided with the merchant when I tried to do a chargeback for being sold an impossible itinerary. It made the trip substantially more expensive and +28 hours.

I'm not sure who should be liable for this, but I'm pretty sure it's not me. Every other party in the transaction chain passed the buck and I was the one who had to pay.
These kinds of systems are trivial to shoplift from, so I would guess they're going to be limited to higher income areas.
Hey all, Fetch Forms is still very new, so there are tons of features on the roadmap. What are the big ones you'd need to see before using it in your business/project?
There's also https://httpyac.github.io/ which has both standalone CLI and VS Code extension versions – might be interesting to explore.
Until Wall Street starts hiring people with research backgrounds, they probably shouldn’t be setting quarterly targets for technology venture companies.

Incremental progress often doesn’t reflect itself in financial statements in the short term.
Possibly Burroughs MCP[0] from 1961, currently Unisys ClearPath MCP.

Not to be confused with Encom MCP[1], which was defeated by Flynn and Tron in 1982.

[0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burroughs_MCP
[1]https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0084827/
> How do you prevent others from sharing URLs with bad actors?

Sure, but then the student who shares their interactive class URL (w/ or w/o password) on 4chan still isn't accounted for.
Y Combinator Top Companies – February 2022
Okay, seems like that's the one to beat!
Veering off topic but I absolutely hate that git requires you to have an "email address" (which cannot be empty and iirc must satisfy some regex criteria for a valid-looking address). A particular choice of user identifier or communication medium should not be hardcoded into the totally unrelated concern of source-control, IMO. Anonymous and non-email accounts should be first-class things. Instead of email maybe you'd want to have your public-key or something.
I've just bought this because I've never seen it before and it made both me and the wife laugh out loud.
I don't have a problem with a brick and mortar indie sharing a bookshop link to their own shop, because they get a cut from that transaction. I don't like it when a bookish SaaS app uses the bookshop affiliate thing and tries to market itself as a win for the independent stores, it seems a bit misleading to me.

And when I was a bookseller, bookshop didn't exist except for an idea. I stopped working for the store right before it launched. I actually learned to code from doing a frontend redesign of my store's online store, which was offered by indie commerce. If done right, indie commerce can be a better deal for a bookstore because the store gets the full cut and just pays indie commerce a monthly subscription (at least when I was there, i think i've seen news of them changing their model or at least raising their subscription price). With indiecommerce, the store acts as a distributor (mostly, when the book is in stock at the store). Whereas bookshop doesn't use the bookstore's physical inventory, and instead ships directly from ingram (the monopolistic book distributor) and gives the bookstore a cut like an affiliate.

Bookshop is not a bad deal for a smaller store without a lot of resources or staff, but it doesn't always let an indie do what an indie does best: sell some of their unique physical inventory, like signed or rare or small press books that aren't distributed by ingram.
How? Wouldn't the program's argv see the same string with and without quotes? Or is that just a *nix thing?
"Edwin Hubble and Grote Reber — could there be more than a cosmic connection between them, both being astronomers, one optical and the other radio? Yes, it turns out, there is.

Around 1900 the Hubble family lived in Wheaton, Illinois, and as his 7th and 8th grade teacher young Edwin Hubble had a Miss Harriet Grote who later married Schuyler Reber and bore him Grote Reber as their first son. She often commented to Grote that young Edwin Hubble stood out from other students in his class and that she felt he would go far. In later years, when Hubble's fame was spreading she took special pride in his accomplishments and that she had been his teacher."

WOW
The thing that F-droid are getting right here is "if we don't track you, you have privacy from us".

But privacy is not secrecy. If f-droid tracked my every waking move, and then just never bother to look at that data, I would still have privacy from them.

What they are doing here is a form of guaranteeing their future good behaviour. Which is nice, but there are other methods. For example I am happy to announce my plans to not rob a bank. But there are means in place to ensure I do not - At least not twice.

So while it is nice to find ways to avoid having user accounts at all, most hospitals will have to have other means to keep their users privacy.

Most of the time we are going to need to rely on regulation, where PII data (which lets face it is 98% of all data) will both legally and culturally have to be protected at levels hardly dreamed of today.
Pandemic deaths have made lives more valuable id think...

pessimistic vs optimistic maybe?

it did lessen the shock of Hundreds to Thousands of people died today kind of headlines... But that's just normalization to the news
Is there any difference between Windows HANDLE and Linux file descriptor? Aren't they both just indexes into a table of objects managed by the kernel?
It's popular and growing because of credits and subsidies. Remove all credits and subsidies, and I can build utility-scale solar for less than half the cost per KWH than you can install panels on your roof.

There's way too much human labour involved in getting someone to drive to your house, climb onto your roof and bolt panels to it. In that time, that same worker could set up a dozen similarly-sized panels when building out a utility solar farm.

And yes, if your time is worthless, and you don't value your neck, you could DIY, and save on some of those costs.

... But you'd still be tied to the grid (and paying grid fees), unless you are ready to invest $XY,000 for a massive battery bank... That might still leave you without electricity during a period of low generation/high consumption.
> I was a little put off at first that these educational tools were being snatched up by businesses trying to save money.

I think the RPi's attraction for commercial users is less the price point and more the size of the community around it. It's by far the most approachable system to work with when you need a small linux device with cameras and gpio.
Oh. Well it's a good urban legend anyway.
fork() was trivial to implement back then. It became non-trivial later when RAM sizes and resident set sizes too increased.
Given that Russian vodka is blacklisted from stores in USA (and Finland!) and replaced with message "we stand with Ukraine", it's not really surprising.

I read interview with somebody from Russia yesterday, russian tracks getting their tires punctured in EU and get stuck because credit cards don't work anymore. Ships refuse to offload goods in Russian ports and drop them of "wherever in Europe". Russian companies can't buy/rent containers to bring goods to Russia.

It's a lot of collateral damage.

On the other side my brothers in law family in Kharkiv sleeps in hallway for past few days while outside blow up cluster munition delivered by MLRS systems https://twitter.com/YWNReporter/status/1498271572292952064?s...

Edit: just to add, I myself was born in Kyiv. Company where I work now has officies both in Ukraine (in one of hotter places) and in russia. I am equally trying to help my colleagues from both offices to GTFO. Collateral damage is unfortunate for private person but frankly not surprising. What is "surprising" it's that a big chunk of Russian population is surprised by it
>The only reason that I might buy is that it is morally necessary - necessary because we believe in freedom, and Russia is trying to take away Ukraine's freedom to choose their own future. I'm most sympathetic to that argument, but we've usually only used that in cases of genocide, and sometimes not even then. Ukraine clearly is not at that point... yet.

I read that archived page published by russia as if they won the war. This is all about subjugating Ukraine.

I think the best thing we can do is sit back. Remove Russia from the world theatre by literally closing our borders to them in all ways, but not invade them. This will tell entities like Pakistan, India, and China that we are post-war. Everyone can stop this war shit.

When we do that, we move from a zero-sum game to much more.
I know. I was poking fun at the bleeding-hearted comment
Show HN: Container registry on a budget using AWS S3
The article is slightly misleading about the usage of the forward slash in CP/M.

It is true that the CP/M operating system itself did not use the forward slash, but the only reason for that was that the operating system included only a handful of executable programs, the main being the equivalents of the later "COMMAND.COM", "DEBUG.COM" and "COPY.COM" of Microsoft.

The very few executable programs provided with the OS did not have any command-line options. A few of the most common file operations were shell built-ins, not separate executable programs.

On the other hand, most CP/M executable programs (which were bought from third parties, not from Digital Research, the vendor of CP/M) had command-line options and, without exceptions, they used the forward slash for command-line options, instead of the hyphen used by UNIX.

It would have been absolutely impossible to use CP/M without being aware of the convention that the forward slash is used for the command-line options.

The article is completely correct that the use of the forward slash for options was not introduced by CP/M, but it was taken from the operating systems of the DEC Corp., which, during the seventies, were much more widely used than UNIX, which was an alternative for them only on PDP-11, and it was not yet used much outside the Bell Labs.

Nevertheless, all the programs ported to MS-DOS 1.0 (e.g. MS BASIC, Turbo Pascal, WordStar, dBASE and so on) had not been ported from programs written for DEC OSes, but from programs written for CP/M.

There is no doubt that the forward slash of MS-DOS 1.0 is directly inherited from CP/M. It was used by the same programs, for exactly the same options, so they must have kept the command-line parser without changes. I have used many of the same programs both first for CP/M and then for MS-DOS, so I can be certain about this.

I have also used the DEC RSX-11M operating system on PDP-11, and indeed the RSX-11M utilities, for example PIP (Peripheral Interchange Program, a file transfer program with many options, somewhat like UNIX dd), used the forward slash many years before CP/M and most programmers for CP/M should have been familiar with this convention, so they have reused it, but the relationship from DEC OSes to MS-DOS 1.0 is indirect, via CP/M.
Ditches need to be dug. Pretty soon, CoPilot v54 will assure that there are only five or six programmers left anyway.
UNIVAC 1108 EXEC-8, now OS-2200. Still in use, 55 years later, with mostly the same API and commands.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_2200
This is a great idea. I often go on a month-long tangent of related books, films, podcasts and articles. Currently it's the space race and the war in Afghanistan. It would be cool to have "an introduction to _____" lists for this.
Because there's the constant struggle of making something so complicated that nobody wants to actually configure it and use it. So you have two options: sensible defaults and hiding things away, or just avoiding customization outright. And the second is always cheaper (for commercial products).
Its strange that MSCHF (Mischief) brands itself as an "art collective". They don't really seem like an Art company so much as just an advertising company. I posit the reasoning is to be more hip. They have a CEO! If it were at least a workers syndicate or something of that nature I would say its less of a pointless branding.
It was! vfork() was added to BSD because fork() sucks.

But then someone very opinionated wrote "vfork() Considered Dangerous" and too many people accepted that incorrect conclusion.
Poorly managed countries are nice resource taps for wealthy nations and pose no threat as economic competitors.

From an economic perspective it is only obvious that all Africans must migrate to Germany so that Germany can export to the rest of the world. After all that is what Germany wants. It wants to be an "export champion" while being fully aware that such a thing is impossible to sustain forever.
They have financially engineered every part of the process now.