skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
>...it still goes down a lot either for servicing (planned or unplanned) or because of lack of cooling water

Unclear what you are basing that on. Nuclear energy has by far the highest capacity factor of any energy source and its not even close:

https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/nuclear-power-most-reliab...

>...The difference is that solar/wind are sooooo much cheaper

The levelized cost for residential rooftop solar is higher than nuclear, but that cost doesn't matter?

https://www.lazard.com/perspective/lcoe2020

https://www.statista.com/statistics/493797/estimated-leveliz...

Modern society is dependent on 100% reliable power. Even that relatively small blackout in Texas caused:

>...At least 246 people were killed directly or indirectly,[3] with some estimates as high as 702 killed as a result of the crisis.[4]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Texas_power_crisis

If we were to rely just on solar and wind, the low capacity factor would likely require massive grid storage. The only large scale grid storage we have at this point is pumped hydro and that isn't scalable. For example, one estimate is that for Germany to rely on solar and wind would require about 6,000 pumped storage plants which is literally 183 times their current capacity.

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/144985/1/cesifo1_wp5...

If making more grid storage was cheap and easy, we would have built it decades ago.

Overbuilding could alleviate some of this, particularly the natural variations in seasonal energy output, but obviously this would be a multiplier to the cost and it won't get more power from solar at night, etc.

As Bill Gates said in an interview: "…They have this statement that the cost of solar photovoltaic is the same as hydrocarbon’s. And that’s one of those misleadingly meaningless statements. What they mean is that at noon in Arizona, the cost of that kilowatt-hour is the same as a hydrocarbon kilowatt-hour. But it doesn’t come at night, it doesn’t come after the sun hasn’t shone, so the fact that in that one moment you reach parity, so what? The reading public, when they see things like that, they underestimate how hard this thing is. So false solutions like divestment or “Oh, it’s easy to do” hurt our ability to fix the problems. Distinguishing a real solution from a false solution is actually very complicated."

https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/11/we-need...

Gates is investing in 4th gen nuclear and energy storage companies so he is at least putting his money where his mouth is. The goal should be to decarbonize the electrical grid while maintaining the reliability we depend upon.
The way I read that title makes me think he quit a "real job" (meatspace) to work in FAANG not that he was already a software developer.
Hrm. Maybe we should close down this thread and discussion with the title being incorrect
> A major complaint the "Zero Trust" people have about modern VPNs is that app-layer proxies can do device-context authentication --- so "employer-owned device, up-to-date patches" is a valid access rule, and that's harder to do right now with things like Tailscale. Fair enough. But almost nobody is doing anything like that today, and I'm not sure that when the dust settles it'll be a market win for app-layer ZTA proxies.

I may be missing the mark, but Okta and competing IdP (identity platform) or CASB (cloud access security broker) products do stuff like this. SSH access is one piece of the puzzle when you talk about a VPN-less model; generally orgs need this capability around any corporate system that is web/ssh/vpn/api accessible.
It's not as long as they expressly state there is no relationship or endorsement with the brokerages where there isn't one.
That quote is taken from the Summary Report (https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/AUPress/Books/B_..., page 107). It (almost) literally ends:

"The experience of the Pacific war supports the findings of the
Survey in Europe that heavy, sustained and accurate attack against
carefully selected targets is required to produce decisive results
when attacking an enemy's sustaining resources . It further supports
the findings in Germany that no nation can long survive the free
exploitation of air weapons over its homeland . For the future it is
important fully to grasp the fact that enemy planes enjoying control
of the sky over one's head can be as disastrous to one's country as
its occupation by physical invasion."

It does literally end with a call to separate the Army Air Forces from the Army.

I haven't found a copy of the whole report, including the hundreds of individual reports, but I've been given to understand that they are thorough, detailed, and contradictory.
Once a Bitcoin address is blacklisted, so are any addresses associated with it thereafter.

You can create as many Bitcoin addresses as you like, but once they receive bitcoins from a blacklisted address you are no longer allowed to cash out at these centralized off ramps we call exchanges. As in, if you send from your blacklist associated address to the exchange’s address - they will KYC you.
That’s when you knew you had the Right Stuff!
The proper term is "fart cars". That's what we refer to them as in NYC.
TD Ameritrade is the biggest brokerage we deal with that has a documented public API intended for external use, but the documentation isn't entirely accurate and the rate limits on some endpoints are fairly restrictive by default (120 req/min, which is shared across all accounts connected to an OAuth app - we had to have this bumped by several orders of magnitude for our use case). TDA has been great to work with overall though; getting in contact with the right people there was the main challenge.

Alpaca provides a great API for equities (and now crypto) trading, but the instrument and order strategy support is limited compared to the likes of TD/IBKR. They've been API-first from the start, so their API is more modern and pretty painless to work with.
The Kagi founder just posted this to Twitter, which illustrates what I was saying perfectly:

https://twitter.com/vladquant/status/1494076266508537858
> I'm differentiating in ease of use, clarity and speed.

FWIW I've worked for a small company for the last ~15 years and this is basically our differentiator. Most of our products weren't the first in their market, and we don't have all the bells and whistles, but we really focus on making an easy to use, non-frustrating user experience.
First time I’ve heard “BTRFS” and “reliability” together.
You can already let those who pose no risk go without bail. What alternative do you propose for people who pose a flight risk?
Yep it's a great book and McCarthy is a fantastic author but it is a bit disturbing.

“War was always here. Before man was, war waited for him. The ultimate trade awaiting its ultimate practitioner.”
I think it depends what people mean here. As a general Office 365 user, I logon to my laptop and Outlook, Teams, Onedrive etc hasn't prompted for MFA in months. However, I have many scripts that require both "Connect-AzureAD" and "Connect-ExchangeOnline" at the start. More frustratingly some legacy features from Connect-MSOL" haven't made it into the newer scripts yet and thus often that's also needed. Those scripts take three separate logons with three separate MFA prompts, because it seems incapable of determining that I literally just authenticated and can I please use that session.
I'm not a fan of the pkgsite redesign, but godocs.io is missing a key feature: linking identifiers back to their location in the source.
Did you have to use a different cheese as well? My brief stint in the field had us dragging out school district special cheese and a wagon wheel cutter as well (although it was 8 pieces). I can only assume that you're correct about strict tolerances in slice size. My. imagination creates a scenario where somebody got a small slice once and somebody overzealously mandated more equality.
Can see the number of commits drastically drop off where OpenSearch forked Elasticsearch:

https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/graphs/contributors

https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/graphs/cont...

Over an order of magnitude more development on Elasticsearch than OpenSearch since that fork
hugo and docusaurus are both pretty nice.
Ok, you have a good point, but it doesn't mean you posted a good comment :) - it just means I picked the wrong moderation scolding to reply with. Let me try again: can you please not post unsubstantive and/or flamebait comments? We're trying for a different kind of discussion here.

(That wasn't supposed to sound snarky so I hope it doesn't.)
Yup. We're at the point where people optimize their passwords for how easy they are to type in.

One of my coworkers' passwords is a number and a capital letter followed by asdfghjkl;' (the Enter key at the end of the home row is then the keyboard press) Every 60 days when the password update thing nags him he changes the initial letter or number. He just zips his finger across the keyboard to type in the whole home row; once early in the pandemic during an online meeting the characteristic sound of his finger zipping across the keyboard came in over the mic and someone said, "What the heck was that?" and someone else replied, "Oh that was just John entering his password".

Whatever this is it ain't security.
I'm a big fan of https://rubular.com.
Sailors are not allowed to have intimate relationships with other shipmates...so this is a thing.
> It could be more than the number of hydrogen atoms in the universe

Not very likely, since the OP wouldn’t be able to hash it. Or he’s secretly demonstrating something much more awesome than Passwordle.
It's an illusion. But I do have a lot of keyboard shortcuts.
The Pandora’s box of fiat.
Sure, it could. But it's better to buy a lower priced item at a higher rate.

Just look how that worked out for homebuyers in the 80s paying 10%, who were able to refi at 2% later down the line.
Runner up was Metabros
I'm starting to suspect drug abuse.
Is this really accurate though? Afaik there are fundamental engineering and physics barriers that need to be solved to get there? How is this funding broken down, what constitutes "Fusion Funding" in the first place?

In my comment I mentioned Magnets being a current barrier, in that case funding in Materials Science or EE would be more relevant and the 500M Fusion Funding number is irrelevant.
Some countries use day fines, which are proportional to one’s income: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day-fine

As to why we don’t switch to a system like that: the people with the power to change it are the ones who benefit from the inequitable status quo.
Byrne’s Euclid
The thing I miss most about working from home for 2 years now are the bike commutes. But on the other hand I hate exercise and contrary to what most sibling comments were writing I don't believe in workouts and exercises making you feel better. People are different, and for me only cycling works - and hiking, but I guess that comes with fresh air and being away from the city, and it's not something that is doable in short spurts.
I really wish/hope there is a big push to attract creatives for projects. I am 100% sure “tinker to the end of time” mentality hurts adoption as a general use OS.

Tried to donate some time to some projects, but devs usually just shrug or don’t like if you come with UX suggestions. Hopefully that is changing, really enjoyed the article.
This is true, zoning in Japan [0] makes a lot of sense. Instead of single family homes they allow triplexes, even a percentage of space dedicated to a low-impact business (like hair stylist, etc). They have setback rules so that you can't put second/third floor up against your neighbors property line blocking the sun all day. They dedicate nearby spaces for commercial and hi-rise buildings, making it possible to live near where you work. And there is dedicated space for factories and other industrial buildings.

Single-use single family zoning is being eliminated in some areas of the U.S., allowing accessory dwelling units to be built, etc. Even California just passed a low changed R1 to R3 for all cities in the state (pending court cases, I assume).

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfm2xCKOCNk
At the risk of being downvoted to oblivion: So many words, such little essence.

I feel like the author is trying to merge two un-mergable paradigms at the same time: that we are all dynamic, as in, we are what we want - and our "wants" are changing - and that we should stay constant in order to achieve being content, fulfilled.

> The conflict is a sign that different parts of you want different things, and you have what best satisfies the most important part of you.

Like, well, that is quite a plain observation, but the article does fundamentally not go beyond paraphrasing said observation - unfortunately. It would have been refreshing to read about a systematic attempt to break the emotional tie which is embedded in these situations in real life.

I am genuinely surprised the HN crowd has not commented/ provided insight on this conundrum given that the propensity to take decisions while facing conflicting values should be higher than in the average population.
Out of Sir Vidia’s Shadow
> Why not upload those files separately,

Doing S3 put requests for 260M files every week would cost around $1300 USD/week which was too much for our budget

> or in ZIP format?

We looked at zip's but due to the way the header (well central file directory) was laid out it mean that finding a specific file inside the zip would require the system to download most of the CFD.

The zip CFD is basically a list of header entries where they vary in size of 30 bytes + file_name length, to find a specific file you have to iterate the CFD until you find the file you want.

assuming you have a smallish archive (~1 million files) the CFD for the zip would be somewhere in the order of 50MB+ (depending on filename length)

Using a hash index you know exactly where in the index you need to look for the header entry, so you can use a range request to load the header entry

offset = hash(file_name) % slot_count

Another file format which is gaining popularity recently is PMTiles[1] which uses tree index, however it is specifically for tiled geospatial data.

[1] https://github.com/protomaps/PMTiles
Having a declarative UI does not make it comparable to Electron. Same as XAML is not comparable. They don't embed the whole browser.
> Some programmers and math centered folks need a guiding "first principles" approach before being able to move past to higher level understanding.

I would say this more as programming and math centered folks prefer subjects that are amenable to first principle analysis, which is what drew them to math and programming in the first place. And folks with that mental inclination will tend to use those tools to bear on all problems and subjects. When all you have is a hammer, etc.

But it's important to remember that not every subject is built from first principles. Not everything in the world is reducible to a simple system with emergent properties. There is no Grand Unified Theory of history, no five axioms of mammalian biology. And, while I like the mother sauces, there is no culinary theory that can logically prove which recipes will taste good.

We saw attempt to formalize in the 50s and 60s around spoken language. Chomsky and other linguists hoped to fully systematize spoken languages and analyze them according to formal grammars. Computer scientistics hoped to figure out all the rules of human languages so precisely that computers could parse them with perfect accuracy. The efforts failed. It turns out that while there are certainly patterns and grammars to how humans speak, the rules are fuzzy, ever-changing and deliberately broken.

Music theory is also particularly tempting for people who like thinking mathematically, because it does have some numbers and stuff around frequency, intervals, etc. But music is about 10% systematic and 90% arbitrary cultural history. One can certainly focus on the subset that fits in that 10% and have an enjoyable experience making music while doing so. But a whole lot of music won't "make sense" in any real way if you discount "because people did it that way and others got used to hearing it" as a valid justification for some musical practice.

There is no mathematically sound reason why we prefer the sound of a stretched out metal spring rattling against a taut piece of plastic on the second and fourth beat of every measure. Any explanation for why thousands of songs do that today has to involve discussions of goat skin, the Atlantic slave trade, the American fad for Hawaiian music in the 1930s, etc.
> I'm arguing about the atomic bombings and American beliefs about their justification.

This is not complicated: the justification was it ended the war faster and reduced further death and destruction.

The Japanese were not planning on surrendering before the any atomic bombs were dropped. They were not planning to surrender after the first atomic bomb was dropped. They only just started to waver after the second.

There would be a lot more suffering as the US slogged their way through the Home Islands:

> In addition, the Japanese had organized the Volunteer Fighting Corps, which included all healthy men aged 15 to 60 and women 17 to 40 for a total of 28 million people, for combat support and, later, combat jobs. Weapons, training and uniforms were generally lacking: many were armed with nothing better than antiquated firearms, molotov cocktails, longbows, swords, knives, bamboo or wooden spears, and even clubs and truncheons: they were expected to make do with what they had.[63][64] One mobilized high school girl, Yukiko Kasai, found herself issued an awl and told, "Even killing one American soldier will do. ... You must aim for the abdomen."[65] They were expected to serve as a "second defense line" during the Allied invasion, and to conduct guerrilla warfare in urban areas and mountains.

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Downfall#Ground_forc...

Dropping the atomic bombs saved lives, both American and Japanese (and others), over the alternatives.
What's a good information source for this? Like is this just something built on the domain tools api? Or is more of a front end for dig?

Congrats though, great looking site and it's super snappy.
There's something to that idea, because the art of optimizing a site for curiosity has mostly to do with avoiding repetition, and the most repetitive comments ought to be the most machine-learnable.

https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&sor...

https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&so...

https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&so...
Nah it's browser/javascript first using Electron :(
Isn't that also a case against learning new programming languages?
I am very displeased by Snap being shoved down one's throat on Ubuntu. This has caused me to actually abandon Ubuntu completely. Linux mint and Debian now.
Quick consultation with GPT-3 on the subject. Q is me A is the computer.

—

Q: What is the most random number between one and 20?
A: 17

Q: Why do you say that?
A: Because it is impossible to know for sure which number will come up when you roll a die or draw a card from a deck.

Q: So why did you pick 17?
A: It is just as likely as any other number to come up.

Q: But I specifically asked for the most random number. What is the most random number?
A: There is no such thing as the most random number.

Q: Then why did you say 17?
A: Because it is as random as any other number.

Q: OK then, what is the least random number between one and 20?
A: 1
Looking at temporal as someone who has used scala with akka, I would also love to see better scala support!
On the other hand, the emergency number from IT Crowd only had one 7.
The Kagi Search founder just posted the following tweet illustrating the difference between it and Google:

https://twitter.com/vladquant/status/1494076266508537858

(This is with its Noncommercial Lens, which is an innovative feature that lets you use and define filters of results.)
He's missing one key fact in his analysis which makes the conclusion incorrect, imho : early computers were really, really slow !

Early mechanical or relay computers for example had dedicated hardware to compute multiplications or divisions or more complex operation on full width floating point registers and still they took minutes to complete a computation. Doing things in software sounds great written from a multi-GHz modern computer but it would have been just too impractically slow at the time. Doing something as seemingly simple as a division can take thousands of cycles when you need to do everything "in software" with only additions and subtractions. When your machine has a clock frequency in the order of 1Hz, this translates to hours on a single operation.

So the issue was mostly technical, the hardware at their disposal was not capable of doing things quickly enough, so they did not design impossible things based on a future understanding of how things should be done. The process of invention is very iterative, building up on technological progress. When advances in semiconductors allowed to reach clock speeds millions of time faster, then doing things "in software" came naturally.
Blood Meridian is absolutely not for everyone, but it's one of the best narrative books on the period that I've ever come across. I periodically recommend it on Askhistorians because it communicates the sheer chaos of the period that (many) people on the ground experienced far better than any academic work I can cite.
My sense is that it "just works" if and only if you've completely bought into the Apple ecosystem. If you want to back up your photos onto iCloud, Apple has made it easy. If you want to periodically back up your photos onto an external hard drive, Apple shrugs and says that you should manually copy them over.
Hyper-V is similar to Xen. The hypervisor runs on bare metal, the Windows root is akin to your dom0 on Xen, and your guests are your domU.
Says the site being MITM by cloudflare. Not that he's wrong, but glass houses...
Builtwith.com is excellent for domain association. They have some very good common keys like GTM container, GA etc.
Wordle alone proves you wrong. The "goodness" of the game is in its core mechanics and ideas, not what most people refer to as high quality (graphics, art assets, etc.).
The idea is to give structure to a one-off idea that has been stretched to its limits.

public export inline __stdcall cdecl noexcept void say_hello(std::string_view const &name);

is getting a bit ridiculous (my example is preposterous, of course). It feels like there's a natural limit to how many function specifiers that the committee could reasonably include before function calls become unwieldy. Why not simply bite the bullet and create the infrastructure now to avoid issue later?
Ask HN: Do you know a service that has streamlined Trademark registration in US?
I'm looking for a "simple" trademark registration in the US with the purpose of having some basic protection of the brand.

Do you know a services company that has streamlined the process and is more affordable than directly approaching a law firm?

I'm imagining something like sharing the details of the brand in a form + the trademark classes I'd like to proceed with. And then simply paying a reasonable fee that's not in thousands.
‘Crypto Ruined My Life’: The Mental Health Crisis Hitting Bitcoin Investors
I store my ssh keys, with notes, in the same note. I wrap the ssh key in backticks and put the relevant notes above or below the key. Granted I can't just triple click to select the entire note then copy, I have to interact with it more to copy it, but I very rarely copy my ssh keys. Like once every few years when I'm setting up a new machine. So maybe you're copying them more than I am and it's more of an issue
met-ah-mah-tees; i went more greek and less pirates
From ImageMagick:

convert bla.pdf bla.png

convert *.png output.pdf
The guy was living in a stairwell in a climbing town without a job, so I think "constantly" is a fair guess.