skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
>That is the informal definition of an externality right there.

You pay a grocer who pays a farmer who pays a fertiliser manufacturer who buys some natural gas. You wanting to eat has a reasonably direct impact on demand for fossil fuels, and therefore prices and profits. The oil company doesn't capture all the value, partly because they're not doing all the work, and partly because of competition.

If the oil companies went away tomorrow, the price of oil would skyrocket, because people want to eat, and new oil companies would form to meet the demand. There is no need for subsidy.

Positive externalities are things like "I financed construction of a road for my own commercial reasons, but other people can use it for free". Or "I wanted to renovate the rundown building I live in, but doing so made my neighbour happy too".

But to come back to the point, finally. The argument is that we know crypto mining has negative externalities (crypto miners don't have to reimburse people negatively impacted by climate change). The article argues that permissionless blockchains are doomed, ultimately, to fail anyway. So they will destroy value, by pointlessly wasting fuel AND by harming the climate (which doesn't factor into a miner's decision-making because it's an externality).
Ulexite, a.k.a. “TV Rock”, naturally occuring fiber bundle
Might I recommend treating it like irc in that you can idle in the server, walk away and then come back as needed and skipping down to the bottom? It’s not uncommon for people to skip in and say “morning all” in discords I’m in, even though there’s other active conversation going. The backscroll then is just used for context before you go “alright back to work for me” and then you just stop responding. There’s no longer an explicit join/quit process, but that doesn’t mean there isn’t one anyways just by nature of humanity.
Back when I last used it was harder than it should have been.

One of the Cs in CC must stand for the clap.
Affinity is supposed to be working on the DAM aspect that is missing from all the competitors/options others will likely post. I look every year before re-upping my LR sub and nothing comes close. Being able to pick up any device from my iPad, iPhone or Mac and work on photos from where I left off is pretty awesome. The closest thing is Photos.app, but then I'm missing all the LR advanced functionality.
New middle men wanted to take a cut of things so they keep popping up in the Crypto space. It isn't about getting rid of current middle men, it is about becoming the new middle men.
Really? Dark cyan on light pink? Where did the colors go wrong?
It does reduce readability a lot.

Why do people feel the need to make websites barely readable by going for low contrast?
Mosquitoes Are Attracted to Specific Colors, New Study Shows
I think topics are nicely explained in C and assembly but not C++.
> There are a few things that are repeated questions

I honestly think that this issue is vastly overstated in the case of Discord. I've seen any number of even non-technical applications that could literally put, in bold, flashing text, "click here for setup instructions" right next to the download button and people would still be asking on Discord how to drag and drop or how to register an account or whatever inane setup procedure the application entails.

It's an issue with the people, not the format.

EDIT:

> If you feel like everything you ask (even with you pseudonym) is recorded forever, you are more afraid to ask stupid questions.

Ha. Funny. In my experience, this isn't a deterrent.

For a not-quite-relevant, but nonetheless elucidating, example, see: Any number of celebrities on Twitter who have said something insanely stupid and later said "you don't think about how the things you say are going to stay up there forever."

Social networks do a really good job of making permanence feel ephemeral to the average user. To those of us who know better, this is a strange concept, but the reality is that people don't really think about or care whether someone will judge them for their stupid questions in five years or so.
Given that it supports TLS 1.3, (HTTPS at all really, given the age), IPv6, etc., someone has been maintaining it all these years. I have to imagine the dynamic content has long since been statically archived, as I'm not sure I'd trust the security of any late 90s perl cgi script.
Wi-fi enabled hot sauce. I did not know so much satire could be packed into four words. That's satire-rich semantics, right there. SatiricWeb3.
The UI of Discord is really fast, plus it does voice and video. The problem with all the other chats is that they look (relatively) ugly, including knockout and zulip.

Perhaps if Discord had an option to expose chat histories as regular crawlable web then this problem would go away.
I will have to paraphrase this as I do not have a copy and cannot find an ebook version for sale - in Languages of the Night Ursula K. LeGuin was asked by some famous editor to do a talk / article about her research on Earthsea, show the maps, lexicon of the language and so forth to which she replied something like

"Dear famous Science Fiction editor,

While I know that this is the way many people write, it is not the way I do it. "

Her description of her process was that she made it up as she went along but because of her characters or locations there was always only one reasonable choice. So for example when Vivian is biting on Reginald's ankle he says "I do not think this is at all pertinent to the matter at hand", because, being Reginald what else could he possibly say? (anecdote about Reginald and Vivian from the article although no doubt mangled by the years between reading and now.
> Electron apps are usually faster.

Not my experience, and I'm not talking benchmarks. That said I barely use my phone and I'm thinking mainly about desktop applications. Mac-native apps are universally faster and more responsive than Electron-based equivalents.

Doing more work costs more resources than doing less work, and it's hard to beat JITing Javascript and manipulating and rendering HTML+CSS for wasteful computation, no matter how much you optimize it.

That said, I've used phone apps that were essentially some webpage in webview that were highly responsive and pleasant to use, so it's certainly possible to have a good experience with webapps.

Reducing the amount of Javascript and using simpler HTML+CSS would also probably go a long way to make these apps fasters and lighter. I remember using AJAX-based chat websites in the 2000s that ran perfectly fine on hardware far weaker than even a 5 year old phone, so how the heck does Slack have such poor performance? That's the real problem.
Indexing chat convos doesn't solve the problem in my experience. The way the discussion is structured changes completely when someone on the other end responds instantly, and unless you're willing to replay their 20 minute discussion you won't easily be able to find what you were looking for. Mix that with different conversations happening in the same channel and others chiming in halfway through and starting separate discussions and you're up for a challenge.

There's been quite a few cases where the only hit for an obscure error message I could find was some kind of Gitter chat, but I've learned to not even bother with those results.

Search engines also have trouble working with chat messages and even modern forums like Discourse. When you click a link you will have to spend significant effort trying to find the highlighted text, something that was a lot easier back in the static HTML days. You have to let Javascript do its fetches and queries to get the information supposedly found somewhere in the page, and it doesn't always load so you may need to scroll to the end to get the rest of the discussion, making "find in page" useless. Discourse tries to solve this by providing heir own control+f handler which is somehow even worse.

I understand the want for more and quicker interactivity. It's a better experience for the person writing the question or the response. This comes at a massive cost in readability and knowledge transfer, though.
yes, that's what i meant by range.
Travel has changed radically since the dark ages. The effectiveness of a travel ban during the dark ages is not a good guide for the effectiveness of one today.
I thought that was explained in the Silmarillion
If that would have been asked and resolved on a forum anyone using a search engine would be able to find the solution. Instead you have to create a discord account, install the client, join the server, agree to the server rules, search for what you want, hope you find an answer.
Flags for countries prone to frequent regime change?
Arweave is not Bitcoin. It isn't even close.
the ones on my homeserver aren't, and searching for the domain of the homeserver shows that users are in rooms on other homeservers/networks.
A fair criticism of Ionnidis would be "statisticians always knew this about every field that reports statistical significance with p-values, but no one was going to listen, I don't know what that guy's got". I'm not aware of any substantive "debunking" of his famous paper, which is not a "study".
Yes, that is it, thank you so much!

However, reading it now I'm not entirely sure if it's still possible to install this...
> occasionally with little kids - I'd prefer them not to be around alcohol.

It took me a moment to avoid the typical criticism of “think of the children”.

This is the real world. People drink. People do drugs. People do a lot of things.

In my opinion putting blinders on your kid is bad parenting.

I really don’t care what kids see me do. Keep the drinks coming for me!
I use TVs as though they're aquariums... on for background ambience, and an audio-visual "optional distraction". I mostly keep it on Turner classic movies as they have no ads. I'm more likely to be interested, or at least pleased, by whatever I happen to engage with.
Have you considered the fun in losing your house because you clicked on the wrong link?
I mean, sure, but it's still not "unpacking the ASIC firmware". It's just hacking a random embedded linux box.
You can get it cheaper if you self-host, but it still requires a VPS, which, on average, costs more than most are going to want to pay to host a forum.
You can get just as good voice chat on Signal, and it is miles easier to use than Discord, especially for people familiar with WhatsApp, Viber and other privacy invaders.

And all of the screenshares and embeds that Discord gets glorified over work just as well over [matrix]
Having decent relationships with other people != having a large number of superficial friends
we were doing what discord did back on AOL and msmsgs.exe!
> the lower average distance has indeed decreased

Yes, that was indeed the point I was trying to convey! In an even sillier example, assume word vectors X, then calculate "proposal by proposal" similarities (i.e. inverse distances). Then duplicated X and concatenate [X,X], recalculate "proposal by proposal" distances (now for twice as many proposals)---those distances must now be less on average because each proposal has at least one "zero distance" neighbor. HOWEVER, why would you assert that the overall "idea space" has been reduced?
Gate gate paragate
parsamgate bodhi svaha!
Who could have foreseen this?

Oh, wait...
About 18 months ago, GPT-3 composed an article for the Guardian (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/08/robot-...). So the notion of algorithm-generated prose is not new. Comedy is a logical extension.

The question is how can we augment human creativity rather than simply generate compelling toy models? The technologists who build tools that catalyze novel human thought will change how we create and compose forever.
yeah I think ads can also serve as a reminder. for example I'll typically get a pizza once a month. if i see a little caesars ad on tv it will remind me 'oh yeah I like pizza and havent one in awhile' so the task moves closer to the front of the queue. I may not end up going to little caesars specifically to get my pizza fix but I might..
>Does anyone know why the leaves are initially so dark and then become lighter? Is that common in plants?

From what I've seen it's common in at least a subset of plants, that fresh leaves have a very distinctive red-ish colour.
This situation becomes obvious when you want to use the search box to retrieve old conversations. I use Discord every day, so I fall in the first category in your post. However, every time I try to find an old conversation, Discord UX and search engine make it super hard, if not downright impossible. I can feel the pain of a user who would have just arrived on the server.
The problem isn't some 'bloat' in Emacs, but that running some processes started from Emacs almost grinds Emacs to a halt. Which always has been like that, but nowadays I start way more programs in the background.

About getting faster: 27 has been the first Emacs that was usable with LSP. I've been using Emacs more than 25 years now, and can't say that it is as fast as I remember it 10 or 15 years ago (on much slower hardware), but it does have _way_ more features now.
for those who would rather not click on a daily wire article

https://twitter.com/WheelofFortune/status/149157725460157645...
I love my NanoVNA. I used it to tune my 6 band fan dipole. That took a lot of tuning! It works fantastically, and I've made contacts from the UK to Australia with it.

I've also used it for measuring the resonance frequency of tuned circuits and even as an RF signal generator.

Every radio amateur should have one! In fact if you are into any sort of radio it is useful. I also used mine to investigate the quality of various WiFi antennas to see if they were resonant in the right places.
I assume they evolved to have the inedible husk to prevent damage while being eaten and increase the distance from the original tree, effectively delaying germination. (If you can describe evolution as having an intention…)
Capital flight is a consequence of poor economic prospects. They're not causing the hurt (the 'fleeing' capital investment we're talking about is a small fraction of overall income), they're trying to escape it before it whacks them.
> And they say travel bans don't work!

No, “they” say that performative racist restrictions don’t work against epidemics.

Example of a “travel ban”: closing only direct flights, only from china, only to foreign nationals, when cases are already blowing up stateside and streaming in from other non-banned countries.

Example of an actual travel ban: closing travel from anywhere, to anyone, possibly aside from to local residents and nationals following extensive supervised quarantining.
An NFT is a pointer. Anyone can create as many pointer as they want, you don’t need rights over the thing pointed to.
Two good complementary policies were instituted in the 90s: one for quality in industry and also a consumer protection law.

Previously, industry wasn't too worried about quality and shops routinely disrespected customers.

Together, these two policies made life a lot better for consumers and industry too.

One company that was trying to make computers in the 80s had to test each component (resistors, capacitors, etc) and reclassify them such was the sorry state of Brazilian industry.
Every person I know who considers themselves “woke” is pretty regularly jerkish to everyone who they consider to be not woke…so I am not convinced your definition is entirely accurate.
Dirk Gently had a reference to the Macintosh II. Perhaps not a specific model, but enough to date the book. I think the truth is he was an enthusiast and simply dropped in references on whim. Besides, he never really struck me as a world builder since the stories seemed to craft the world rather than the other way around.

You are right about technology references being jarring. I nearly died laughing while reading the Wrath of Khan about a decade after its release. The size of a game mentioned in the book was dwarfed by games at the time I was reading it by over an order of magnitude.
My experience is exactly opposite. People seem to go to war when they know that the conversation will just be lost over time.
how about Not getting ads you expicitly said you did Not want to get?
if one day that means All ads, well, fine.. someone's fantasy has been too limited.

"ifndef NOCATS" is much more powerful than "ifdef CATS"
..
No, but that does sound promising. I think some of the issues with trying to get davinci-instruct-v3 by itself to generate comedy outputs are:

1. It _really_ _really_ wants to repeat itself and your own prompt, which is antithetical to comedy. The temperature, presence penalty, and frequency penalty parameters _kinda_ help, but when you increase those too much, things start to break in other ways, like you hit an 
 before you hit the punchline you were looking for, because the model is trying so hard to avoid repetition.

2. Being just a predictive language model, it doesn't really _know_ you want comedy, nor can you purposefully instruct it to be funny (even in the instruct models). The AI is going to bias towards playing it completely straight.

3. Since it was trained on the entire internet, there's a good chance if you get a funny output, it just "plagiarized" someone else's joke, which can be awfully disappointing when you Google your output to see if that was the case.

4. Sadly, despite the name, OpenAI is very restrictive in their use cases, and they're heavily indexed towards appealing to commercial customers. The playground is still overly sensitive about what it considers "inappropriate" outputs, and their list of disallowed use cases seems longer than the rest of their documentation. It's hard for me to imagine them allowing too many funny use cases of their API, given what I've read on there.
Lightning is actually in use in El Salvador now for remittances and buying stuff. I don’t disagree that it should mature more but it’s already infinitely more practical than the majority of crypto related things.
The standard emacs manual really is good. Sadly, it isn't always installed by default because of the GFDL¹.

For instance to take your specific question on modes, the manual has the following to say about major modes:

Major modes provide specialized facilities for working on a
particular file type, such as a C source file (see Programs), or a
particular type of non-file buffer, such as a shell buffer (see
Shell). Major modes are mutually exclusive; each buffer has one and
only one major mode at any time.

Emacs also comes with very complete documentation for elisp in the info docs, which covers fixing problems and writing new code. There is whole section on working the built-in debuggers tucked away in the elisp manual.

¹ For example, on Debian you need emacs-common-non-dfsg from non-free to receive all the standard documentation.
You meant a metro bus? I will say it reads as though with ten-year-olds, parents are still escorting their children to the schoolbus stop every morning.

Dealing with drug users is difficult. I'm not sure fare enforcement is the panacea you seem to think it is. But then again, I don't really know a solution.
PID 1 isn't particularly gigantic under systemd. Most actual work is delegated to other binaries. Eg, journald isn't PID 1.

Personally, I take the opposite stance. I have very little ideology besides things being open source. To me a machine is a tool to do a job, and if systemd does the job better, then that's the right tool, regardless of any violation of principles that it might involve. There's definitely good ideas in the Unix model, but if the model ceases to be useful, it's time to throw the bad parts out.

I also have no issues whatsoever with running Red Hat's Linux (I use Fedora). It does the job, it provides the tools I like, that's what matters.
Here is a guess.

Some nutritients / elements are rare and plants need to manage them carefully. That also means that they need to protect themselves against animals feeding on them. For that, they develop antifeedants [0] for example. Maybe plants develop the structure of leaves and antifeedants first before eventually loading it with chlorophyll [1] for which e.g. magnesium is required (no idea if that counts as rare but it is certainly harder to acquire than hydrogen, oxygen or carbon.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifeedant

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll#Chemical_structure
Indeed.

MFJ in the amateur radio community is called "Mighty Fine Junk" fairly often. I have purchased some things from MFJ, but I notice that I now avoid doing so unless I'm desperate.
Businesses are not entitled to discovery. If we want to know about stuff, we'll ask for it. They don't have an inherent right to our attention and forcing the issue is abuse.
How about "The other BSDs use slices".

FreeBSD [1] and NetBSD[2] can use GUID partition tables as well as traditional BSD disk labels.

[1] https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gdisk&apropos=0&se...
[2] https://man.netbsd.org/gpt.8
Bitcoin issuance is ultimately linked to to time not effort. Receiving those coins takes an investment indirectly tied to their hypothetical value at time of creation via a lottery.

The difference is subtle, but it is meaningful on edge cases such as around reward halving.
Could you cite some specific examples?

I'm finding the deeper I study biology, the more certain I am that complex models with both classical and quantum parameters will eventually be able to predict the overwhelming majority of macromolecular behavior such as protein folding and DNA recombination.

Once you start dealing with concepts bigger than that you get into another mathematical description with Markov chain style models for cellular proliferation, followed by network analysis for tissue growth.

You can take that up further and further, I'm sure you're somewhat familar.

My question is, even if you have some examples, what do you find to be some kind of theoretical limit to the modelling that would actually be accurate?

Not a limit to the accuracy, that must simply always exist, but a limit to what can be successfully modeled at least to "acceptably correct" for use in some application?
If the title of your house was on a blockchain, the title would still be recorded in your county's system. The blockchain is just a ledger, it's up to people to come to agreement on if they trust that ledger or not. The whole point of having your house title on-chain isn't to replace the traditional courts, it's to add additional features to your title and allow you to use that asset's value in decentralized finance more easily. If you lose your keys to your title, you would have to use the traditional court system to replace the title on-chain with severe legal repercussions if you're lying. You could also include a blacklist feature in the house title's onchain contract. It doesn't matter if it's a centralized system either (even if it's on-chain), because the only point of putting it on-chain is to make illiquid assets more liquid because now those assets can be be programmed, used and traded in global decentralized financial markets in web3 24/7, globally.
I love the idea of Flutter, as I think it's a more stable approach than what React Native tries to do. But I hate Material Design with a passion, and I'm not sure why they tied it so closely to Flutter. Even the functional packages you import into your Flutter project are labeled "material".
Is the general purpouse processor on the ASIC or on a separate chip? In the former case the terminology would be ok, in the latter case not, when talking about mucking about the sw on the processor controlling the fixed-function elements.
Read the Silmarillion if you haven't. It's dense (like a history book), but explains the machinations of Morgoth and Sauron, the creation of Dwarves and Orcs, and clears many things up.

The only pity is that J.R.R. Tolkien never finished it, so some things like where Hobbits came from or where the Blue Wizards went remain (mostly) unaddressed.