skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
HN admins are pretty responsive on that.

Since a lot of the awareness comes from reader reports, what HN members have as thresholds has a lot to say about this. I'd strongly recommend keeping at or below a 1:10 ratio.
Ask HN: Market Demand for Balanced Dice
Hi HN! I had a joke idea, that morphed into something that might be practical - but I need some help validating the idea. Who here would be interested in the following:

Some people take games seriously and they want to make sure their dice are fair and balanced. I think they would want certified fair dice. Certifican could be accompanied by a video showing 1000 (or 10k or whatever) roles and statistical summary that all numbers are equally likely.

The rolls could be done via Robot, and unfair dice could be sold via as "normal" dice under a different brand to recoup cost or recycled.
Well, welcome to privacy laws in Germany. You have the right to privacy if you are in politics ( national security) or rich ( privacy). If you are poor you have Schufa, deutschland card, etc.
> To evaluate CoPilot, we should ask questions that are unusual enough they can't be answered through regurgitation of the training corpus.

Exactly! It's great that Copilot can generate correct code for a given question, but
we cannot gauge its full capability unless we try it on a range of different questions, especially ones that are not found in the training data.

I mentioned this in the other AlphaCode post: It would be nice to know how "unusual" a given question is. Maybe an exact replica exists in the training data, or a solution exists but in a different programming language, or a solution can be constructed by combining two samples from the training data.

Quantifying the "unusual-ness" of a question will make it easier to gauge the capability of models like AlphaCode. I wrote a simple metric that uses nearest neighbors (https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.12075). There are also other tools to do this: conformal predictors, which are used in classification methods, and the RETRO transformer (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.04426.pdf) has a calculation for the effect of "dataset leakage".
> My understanding is that bulk power generation is probably more efficient than having the motive power in the locomotive itself.

Almost certainly. But this probably evaporates once you need to pull significant amount of battery.
Yes, she does. (Of course.)
I would say there is a place for pie charts. The article seems to have accuracy as ultimate goal, if you need that accuracy; fully agree, pie chart isn't the best visualization. But, data visualization is often about story telling, and the small percentage differences don't always matter.

For example, if you are telling a story about how one of the slices is much bigger than the other ones, pie (and donut) charts, are a very effective and visually interesting way to tell that story. The other case where I like pie charts (and I do prefer donuts btw) is when the data isn't very accurate and "hiding" some of the detail is actually a better representation of reality.

So yeah, pick the chart that works best for the situation (and if possible, give multiple options), but I do not agree with writing off the whole chart type. Radar charts are more questionable imo haha.

Data visualization is in essence trading accuracy for readability, how much you want and need depends on the goal, audience and data.
Some don't have the choice!

https://www.airforcemag.com/fix-my-computer-cry-echos-on-soc...
Can confirm. They don't care, at least my reps in Texas don't.

I get form letters loosely related to the issue I complained about, and sometimes not even remotely related.
Actually there is a big school of thought that low basal rate makes you live longer and a high one makes you live fast and die.
I use a variant of Emmymade's variant of Maangchi's recipe. It works really well.

Rinsed pickle jars work great, a head of Napa cabbage usually fills about 2+1/2 ~ 3 jars. If you're not into high spicy, dial back the red pepper by about half, for your first try. If you don't like funky, skip the fish sauce or any seafood component, I always do this so that the flavor won't clash with some dishes, you can always add fish sauce to a dish but you can't remove it.

I ferment it for about 3 days at about 65 ~ 68 degrees(f), then into the fridge. It keeps indefinitely but is best within a few months.

Do not bring it into work, just as you would not microwave fish at work. The aroma is very much not to everyone's preference, even when made without seafood.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vaoA7SKN0g0
https://www.maangchi.com/recipe/easy-kimchi
Thank you. It sort of spilled out a bit, and I think it's more a message to myself than I realised; it is time to pay more attention to this again.
"Vicinity of a crime" has already gotten people arrested. And of course, since in the US, the process IS the punishment, the guy lost everything.

https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/google-geofence-locatio...

Even fitness app data has been used to finger the wrong person.

https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/7/21169533/florida-google-ru...
You make it sound like variety and incorporation are less important than math and physics. If only we lived in a democracy where people had a chance to make Orwell fiction again. Do you know which party the very same teachers' union contributes to by a large margin? Those teachers and their families failed to recall CA governor given a unique chance. They contributed to the 2020 election fiasco. Forget about school vouchers, people are happy with the ruling party abolishing algebra and cancelling magnet schools.
Thanks! Macroexpanded:

New EU Law Removes Digital Privacy - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28139889 - Aug 2021 (167 comments)

Messaging and chat control - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28115343 - Aug 2021 (317 comments)

European Parliament approves mass surveillance of private communication - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27753727 - July 2021 (415 comments)

Indiscriminate messaging and chatcontrol: Last chance to protest - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27736435 - July 2021 (104 comments)
> The context is good error messages; what you’re saying is that DWYM (do what you mean) is even better than a good error message.

I'm not sure that's true. "Just do what I mean" is an understandable response when you get an error message that hints that the program knew exactly what you meant. It feels like a human responding to "Can I have some water?" with "I don't know CAN you?", but it ignores the fact that the program doesn't really know what the user meant. Sure whoever authored the Python interpreter guessed that 99% of the time if you type `exit` you want to leave, but if they just assume that, then what happens if I'm actually trying to see what's in a variable `ext` (short for extension) and my fingers just auto completed `exit` because it's something I type so frequently (this kind of typo happens to me all the time). Suddenly the interpreter is dead and I have to start over on whatever I was doing.

I'd actually rather the program gives me instruction on how to what it thinks I want to do, and let me decide if it's really what I mean.
> uncontaminated talc also causes cancer.

Can you please point to the claim, data, evidence for this? :o
"When a measure becomes a target it ceases to be a good measure."

Tools like this just make all modes of contacting officials less effective. Zeynep handled this really clearly years ago: https://www.twitterandteargas.org/
In which law can I find such behavior defined as terrorism? Because there's a big difference between a law on the books and a politician spouting off.
Server hardware is generally not user facing (well, everything is "user" facing considering who the "user" is, maybe better to say "end-user facing") and has interfaces, both hardware and software usually, on one or another level.
It does appear when you are trying to optimize graphical operations and change the real physical models with approximate ones. It's also a signal that your approximate model won't behave well on repeated application, what is normally not a problem in graphics display, but a red flag on general purpose image processing.

On a physical model, it is a very strong signal that you messed something up and your model is wrong. Sometimes you get something that looks like a sigmoid but has the exponential parts very short, so it looks like a clamped linear function, but you normally need some kind of mechanism limiting the output on the linear region. Simple phenomena do not have clamping, it is a very complex operation.
Find out what dang's annual rate is, for starters.

He (and apparently an additional moderation team) are the secret sauce behind the site. Along with the member cohort.
Third rail systems typically work at 1500V, can't go very much higher than that due to risk from arcing. Most overhead lines use 25kV, allowing much more power to be transferred, over longer distances.

Which is why third rail systems are usually only seen in metro lines and similar. I'd guess in urban environments sprinkling more substations around isn't such a huge issue, as access to the power grid is seldom an issue. Also metro trains need much less power than a high speed passenger train or a heavy freight train.
>Having found the work, most other things beside the work fall by the way side. And whatever your current financial situation I hope the same becomes true for you.

The economic reality that came to me in my mid 20's was that you have to work to stay alive, society has no room for pets. (not if your already rich of course.)

If someone emphasized this more strongly for me when growing up, it would have helped a lot.
Political and engineering will first, with cost a secondary concern (but still wielded as a reason not to). It makes sense, with enough clean energy, based on the cost of emissions offset by freight rail electrification to expend the capital required. Perhaps issue green government backed bonds to pay for it or print some more money. But we can’t build large infra projects in the US anymore, for a combination of reasons: nuclear power plants, California high speed rail, etc. [1] [2] [3]

Personally, I would prefer electrified freight rail, I’m just unsure if the US knows how or can do it. I suggested third rail if the cost came down because in America, you can usually coax towards the right solution if you can show drastic cost savings/reductions (see the rapid renewables uptake as costs declined over the last decade). At a glance, it seems easier to throw down a third rail while doing track work versus the construction effort for thousands of miles of overhead gantries and 25kv power lines. You could pair this with HVDC transmission lines looking to use railroad right of ways to avoid NIMBYS (the SOO HVDC line in the Midwest, for example [4]), for power accessibility.

[1] https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/28/us/infrastructure-megapro...

[2] https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/mega-proj...

[3] https://www.vox.com/22534714/rail-roads-infrastructure-costs...

[4] https://www.soogreenrr.com/about/
HN's approach to this has been the same for many years: when a story has had significant attention within the last year or so, we bury reposts as dupes. That doesn't mean it isn't an important story!

This is in the FAQ: https://news.ycombinator.com/newsfaq.html

When a story is a major ongoing topic (as this one may be), we treat it as a fresh story each time significant new information (SNI) comes up. See https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&so... for past explanations. If someone can point to SNI in this case, I'd be happy to take a look.
Anecdotal, but this aligns with what I have heard from politicians.

The important part is not the message, but rather the amount of effort put into the message. Someone using this bot puts in 2 minutes of effort and no money. Someone writing a letter puts in 20 minutes of time and a dollar for envelope and stamp. Someone who flies to D.C. and protests cares a lot more.

Why? The flying protester will remember in two years. The 2 minute texter will not. The flying protestor will vote and probably work on a campaign and donate money. The 2 minute texter might vote and probably will not do much else.
If you scroll down even a little bit you'll see:

> Create Your Own Campaigns

> Go beyond writing to your officials and learn how to organize powerful text campaigns that drive action.
https://www.garmin.com/en-GB/p/707174/pn/010-02427-10
As someone who is left leaning that moved from NYC -> Florida, I wholeheartedly disagree. Tons of people that dont have fuck you money are leaving California, NY, etc and moving to Texas, Florida etc every day because they dont agree the progressive policies in place. And the 15% in tax savings every year is a nice bonus.
Maybe improving rail emissions should be a very low priority, because:

* It's already the most CO2 efficient way to move freight.

* It's also one of the things that's going to be hardest to improve.

Little steps like considered here: battery-electric locomotives for use in rail yards-- make a lot of sense. There may be some specific rail lines that lend themselves to overhead electrification. And otherwise, maybe the focus should be on moving more goods transport to rail instead of making rail more CO2 efficient.
This is a bacterium that is killed by antibiotics, right? Interesting that the effect wasn't noticed before.
If this is interesting to you, I would absolutely recommend you read Down and Out in Paris and London by George Orwell. It is a very engaging account of a period of destitution in his life.
I think the causal nature of this relationship is way overestimated.
I think you hit it on the head - the C. diff stuff is good and will meet FDA criteria soon (the phase III data from ECOSPOR was good: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03183128).

In general we only have mouse or other animal data for other indications.

There are retrospective analyses of patient cohorts receiving anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4 therapies which have identified certain microbiome states as supportive of those therapies. I believe that these are probably real effects, though I don't think the particular microbes matter - instead I think it's the metabolites they produce and how those influence resting immune state (https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abf3363 - but you can find many more).

A paper I really like shows that a specific protein from a common gut microbe (Akkermansia muciniphila) confers resistance to diet induced weight gain, insulin insensitivity, etc. (https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.4236).

In general, I think the majority of microbiome work has been associational and demonstrative of the kind of hypothesis-free science that is prone to all sorts of statistical artifacts and misaligend incentives between truth-finding and paper publishing (garden of forking paths, file-drawer effect, etc. etc.)
The equation is so complicated. The petrol burning car has to get fuel. You have to drive to a station that had to be built, the station has to be staffed and the fuel and staff hauled there.

Obviously electric requires infrastructure too, but it would be good to see a full breakdown and I can’t find one.
Nothing like 100 meters, more like 15-20. I guess that was based on height of trees.
This is the real issue. Zero repercussions. It also affects the quality of teachers. What stops some teachers from sleepwalking their way through the year if they know their students will move forward regardless of how poorly they’ve been taught.
How does the overhead wire adjust height to compensate for varying car heights in the case of double stacked intermodal cars? An overhead cable is a limiting factor.
Why does Europe get everything nice? Please pull out of the USA too.
I was skeptical of this when I first heard of it several years ago. It sounded just like every other popular diet does: “Just (don’t) eat this certain food, and you will feel amazing!”

But I have several family members on it right now, and they all report feeling WAY better. And this is after years of dealing with IBS type problems too.
Paul Graham on NFTs
Haven’t seen API Platform, can’t compare to it.

We can easily create endpoints that will respond with JSONs for mobile apps and with partial HTML for our hypermedia-driven application. The code is the same, just in the end check headers and render a template if we need to.
Specifically this html attribute in the delete button: `hx-delete="/contact/1"`. where the id of that contact is 1 and it is hardcoded as a string.[0]

How do I dynamically generate a list of deletable items?
In react would be something like (simplified obviously) `contacts.map(c => <button onClick={apiDelete(c.id)}/>`.

I dont understand how could I generate dynamic lists without hardcoding Ids... is that a case where I would need to use normal vanilla js ?

0: https://htmx.org/examples/delete-row/
If people can't tell truth from lies, why even bother having elections?

You mention Brexit. If it was a foregone conclusion that people weren't sharp enough to vote either way, why not just ask Queen Elizabeth whether they should stay or leave?
DEFCON has a Tamper Evident Village where you can learn all sorts of ways to defeat tamper-evident seals. There's also some links to papers from Schneier's blog: https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2013/02/security_seal...
Regarding overhead wires for double stacked cars, India has a freight corridor with very high overhead wires: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_Freight_Corridor_Cor...

This would probably be the way to go if the US would introduce electrified rail routes.

An overview of Third rail vs. Overhead Wire from a transit perspective, but it's similar with freight
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGI9XuHE3P0

TLDR:

Grade crossings are more complicated, if not impossible

Smaller voltage since it's closer to the ground and the grounded rails.

Thus higher current & more losses, needing more power stations.

This is probably way worse for freight, since it weighs more and there are long gaps between civilization on the routes.
Money laundering and terrorism financing in MONEYVAL jurisdictions during Covid
> They bill the app as the Google Maps for knitters by providing step by step information to users about their project, from how to videos for a particular type of stitch to the ability to match charts to your yarn colors.

Sounds like it could have easily been built as a web app instead.
Mark Hamill didn’t record any dialogue for The Mandalorian/The Book of Boba Fett
I’m curious, why do you think that?
I will guess the sum total of replies to emails sent to these addresses: 0
Yes. I prefer the Lite. I don’t have any testing data about the accuracy, but it seems to react identically to my air purifiers. For example, if I light a match or blow out a candle my air purifier will turn on and the air monitor will go ballistic. Likewise with CO2 if I sleep with the door closed it will slowly ramp up overnight.
> It's often the police targeting minorities that leads the minorities to ambush cops moreso than the direct desire to commit unpoliced crime (though after a certain amount time crime does move in if it wasn't already there).

Have you ever lived among people who have committed deliberate violent crimes?
Thanks!

In my experience running a small hosting provider (we had a client that sent every month a newsletter to a few tens of thousands of addresses), gmail was not the problem, fucking outlook.com and hotmail and other Microsoft domains were.
Cutting money from education? Education funding has expanded massively over the decades [1][2]. With, arguably, nothing to show for it.

[1] https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/10facts/index.html#ch...
[2] https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d19/tables/dt19_236.55.a...
Unfortunately (2020) didn't fit. They also have a typologies of money laundering report here https://rm.coe.int/typologies-report/1680a54995
Ah, I love the choose your own story model of education l.
A lot easier for an EU citizen to ditch Facebook than it is for them to ditch the EU. I prefer to have autonomy and choose which products and services I use
I wonder what the economies are of splitting the difference between total electrification and battery power.

Strategically-located sections of electrified rail to charge trains as they pass through without stopping. Retractable catenary so still compatible with existing clearances. I'm sure someone has had this idea before.

You might not need nearly so much infrastructure, but you invite bottleneck congestion.
I went down that rabbit hole to have a more informed opinion and I found that accepted science would converge on some of the same goals naturopaths and other alternative medicine practitioners eventually.

Basically, they both want personalized medicine. As in, remedies that are custom tailored to the internal state of the individual, instead of “personalized” by listening to an individual describe a current ongoing affliction.

Alternative medicine lacks any method for peer review or repeatability and practitioners themselves procedurally generate the remedies, which makes it incapable of being accepted science except by mere coincidence of some practices eventually being peer reviewed if reviewable at all. This is by a design that is comical to the scientific community, where “everybody is different”.

At the same time, the scientific method and peer review itself is too rigid to evaluate all ailments, without associated advances in technology. This is also by design as it was necessary to distinguish the sciences from arbitrarily religious or arbitrarily heretical practices at one point in some areas.

Now we are on the cusp of convergence of the ideals, by being able to analyze and sequence the symbiotic relationships within our bodies. How little control we have in many cases, or at least potentially redefining the sense of self.
Y. Zhang et al.,
“A semi-synthetic organism that stores and retrieves increased genetic information,”
Nature, doi:10.1038/nature24659, 2017.
It's not too hard to make locomotives that can use electric power in addition to diesel, because the architecture is already an electrical connection between the diesel generator and the wheels.
> Between January 1 and December 7, at least 19 states passed 34 laws restricting access to voting [1]. This should be a concern for any American citizen with the right to vote; don’t turn this into some politicized drama.

It is a politicized drama. Voter id laws are reasonable, the majority of Americans think so, and calling them "restricted access to voting" is literally true but dishonest.

"Resistbot" (from "the resistance") is kitsch, especially since the left controls the government.
Only if you actually care enough to follow up.
.ass or amalgam scene specification is a source file type. A format file produced by the 3ds Max exporter.

In Halo 2, .ass files generate .scenario and .scenario_structure_bsp files, which can then be edited by other tools.

When Halo 2 Vista was released, an ".ass error" would occur, showing a picture of the lead engineer Charlie Gough's butt.

This has since been patched.
They are also possible with the instantaneous bank transfer system that exists in Europe. If an employer wanted to pay you once an hour, they could. I’m not sure what the point is, though.
Eviation is about to start testing a prototype small electric commercial passenger airplane. It will only be suitable for short flights with a few passengers, and it's not clear whether the economics will work out.

https://www.flyingmag.com/alice-electric-commuter-airplane-p...

For larger airliners there could eventually be a role for plug-in hybrid propulsion systems. Use a fairly small battery pack and electric motors to augment the turbines during take-off and climb, then switch them off during cruise. There would be a weight penalty but it might deliver a net fuel savings for shorter flights.
I think there's a huge difference between spotting them in a 2d video and spotting them live. Your brain is very good at picking out details like motion and parallax in a live environment.