skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> I guess sort of intuitively (I'm not a cryptographer):

Don't worry. I'm not one either. And I think that's why I am actually able to tell you that invertibility / 1-to-1 onto bijections is an important concept :-)

An actual cryptographer would tell you its 1-to-1 and onto and move on.

> It's a thing I don't love about illustrations like the one we're discussing, in that it sort of presents this "intelligent design" problem of, like, "how did we arrive at this incredibly complex fully functioning eyeball", when there's a whole series of smaller evolutionary steps that led to this point; it's more productive maybe to look at the bones of the whole design before diving into the details of which bits go where at each precise step.

Agreed. There's a lot of history here, and knowing all of the history helps a _LOT_.

Go back 50 years ago, and ciphers are way easier to grok. DES / Feistel ciphers are really easy for example. But then we discovered issues about them and iteratively improved.

The old "DES" / Feistel cipher principles of confusion and diffusion remain with us today, but each step has been honed for 90s-era computers (SBoxes and 32-bit numbers), and then honed again for 2010s-era computers (recognition that XOR / Rotate / Add is a faster primitive today than memory-based SBoxes).

I don't think any of the principles have changed since DES / Feistel cipher days. Its just that today's designs are better for today's computers.

------

EDIT: As far as I can tell: "confusion" can be created by (data) XOR (rotate-data) XOR (rotate-data) primitives. "diffusion" can be created by the "ADD" operator (in particular: "carries" will diffuse the bits around).

So XOR, rotate, and Add are the only primitives you need to make a modern crypto-cipher. All three primitives are outrageously fast on modern machines.

AES and other older ciphers tried to make each round relatively high quality. Modern ciphers try to make each round low-quality, and then do something like 64-rounds or 80-rounds to make up for it.

So you'll see old ciphers like AES with just 11 rounds, but modern ciphers / crypto algorithms like SHA256 use 64-rounds.
we're already paying for it, just not with money
I went on your page, and it looks like I am your target audience - relatively tech savvy, want to ungoogle myself, ready to pay for convenience of doing so, yet I got confused quickly.

1. What do you sell? Hardware or some kind of management software? Looks like latter, then why there is image of PiBox all over the page?

2. What is cluster? Is it a single PiBox/another Linux or something more? Word "cluster" implies to me there are many somethings grouped, what are these somethings?

3. Price plans mention proxied traffic. What it is and how does it fit into big picture?

4. I signed up, clicked add cluster -> "Bring YourOwn" and nothing changes, it still offers me to buy PiBox with shipping date in July(!! I know it's not your fault, but damn). How do I add my own "cluster" (whatever it is)?

5. Once logged in, I can't get to the homepage anymore, it is all dashboard now.
Unfortuntely it is no longer updating, but if you haven't read Kathy Sierra's blog this is a great time to go through the archives. It was not a programming blog but rather a blog about user experience, which I'd say is just as important.

https://headrush.typepad.com/creating_passionate_users/
postale.io is also in Europe.
Germany provides a good counterpoint, because some very nearby places differ only in the type of mask mandate. Some places mandate N95 and others don't. This is the result:

https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_p...

No difference.
Agreed, their offerings also support quite a few ways to use them out of the box!

Here's the relevant bits on the website:

Storage box: https://www.hetzner.com/storage/storage-box

Storage share: https://www.hetzner.com/storage/storage-share

They're even cheaper than the local VPS provider that i currently use for most of my hosting, which also had a storage offering: https://www.time4vps.com/storage-vps/ (no affiliate link because they're losing out at this point)

Not only that, but Hetzner's VPSes (adjacent to their storage offerings) are billed based on the time used (no monthly commitments; just like Scaleway and many other modern hosts allow you the flexibility to spin something up for an hour if need be) and also have somehow managed to keep their prices low enough to beat almost all of the platforms that i know of out there for similar specs: DigitalOcean, Vultr, Scaleway, not even talking about the giants like Azure, AWS or GCP.

So, anyone know of other products that can compete with what they're offering?

One of the other cheap ones that i can think of is Contabo: https://contabo.com/en/storage-vps/ But Hetzner still seems better in comparison, apart from Contabo's VPS deals which blow everything else out of the water specs wise. Note: Contabo's UI is antiquated, there are setup fees and some have complained about the real world performance being underwhelming, possibly due to overselling.

For longer term storage, AWS Glacier also didn't seem half bad, though that's not an apples to apples comparison due to a different use case: https://aws.amazon.com/s3/pricing/?nc=sn&loc=4

Either way, it's nice that there are options like that out there, allowing people to have off site backups on the cheap, or even just host their own VPSes and whatnot for affordable prices.
Can you talk about the regulatory issues that you faced and had to solve before launching?
Nationwide, there is 99 Taxi. Also, many cities have competing applications.
This is very true, but at some point you need to value people at a base level. Warehouse work is grueling and you can easily get hurt. 16 /hr, which is the base of an Amazon warehouse worker, is below a livable wage w/o kids in much of the country.

There is what you can get away with and what is right. At some point you just have to do what is right.
Mainstream media is run and controlled by advertisers.

As education increasingly becomes the political dividing line in America, liberal politics are where the valuable ad dollars are.

Edit: upon reflection, I would be remiss to not also advance the fact that the mainstream media is inescapably caught up within Twitter and it’s discourse. As much as Twitter “is not real life” and it is not representative of Americans views as a whole, it is representative of an outsized fraction of elite media attention.
Thanks for calling out the nuance of the interpretation of rhetoric here. I think you're right in that the focus was on decreased democracy, not decreased capitalism, being the consequence of women's enfranchisement. It made very little sense to me that allowing women to vote caused less democracy, even in Peter Thiel's worldview, so I assumed it had something to do with libertarian/capitalistic beliefs instead.
Or maybe commenting on HN is a good way to get free user acceptance testing. Comment on every deployment!
any source that talks about that? gmail is a wealth of information for Google that is almost certainly monetized six ways to Sunday.
> When you’re the founder of a startup that takes in a $50M investment like this, you’re all set to live off the money however you want. You can pay yourself a “market salary” of $500,000/yr+

This is just not true, even for a venture backed company like this. The Board of Directors should be approving all executive comp; seems like a baseless claim to suggest there isn't some basic governance at play here
That's RegCF, accredited is under RegD. See also RegA and RegB based investment. There are numerous options.
People are paid based on value created and responsibility. All else being equal, better to work for companies where you create more value.
> - Learned to sail, and received required certification all from a book.

Which book allowed you to do this?
But that's not what the movement is about. The "Defund the Police" and "Abolish the Police" slogans are based on even "better policing", "community policing", etc. still being incredibly harmful to communities.

> If there's footage of police killing unarmed people in their homes or in broad daylight, then we should absolutely demand more competence and professionalism from them

This happened so much. Did you see all the videos of police violence during BLM and before and after? I don't think the problem is the slogan.
https://www.tiltfive.com/
>How exactly is this supposed to work? The government prints money and gives it away for free, nobody has to work?

Given the tremendous inflation occurring because of non-universal benefits, UBI pretty well died as a subject. Everything the anti-UBI people have said would happen, is happening. So if it were universal, it would be worse than this.

Trying to discuss UBI is complex because every single attempt at it has failed.

There is a simplistic idea of UBI = $1000/month to every single person. Just start delivering cheques and see what happens? Everyone earns $1000 more and everyone bumps up in the progressive tax and hopefully you tax enough to keep the budget balanced and inflation under control? We know this doesn't work now. MMT is dead as a subject. We must do much more than just free money.

Lets look deeper.

What if we dismantle every single safety net. Welfare goes away, employment insurance, child benefits, old age pensions, indigenous UBI, etc. These all go away. We take those budgets and combine them and disperse equally. In essence what happens is that from a government budget point of view we aren't broke. At exactly the same time we also make a constitutional amendment requiring the government to balance the budget.

What is this exactly? It's a negative income tax that Milton Friedman recommended ages ago.. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtpgkX588nM
Having to do everything remotely does make it harder to make appearances. He's not like Trump, he doesn't just disregard COVID protocol.

And he's also made several damning statements about the trucker convoy, so I'm curious why you think he's "hiding". More likely you're just trying to portray him in a negative light.
You open them up, carefully document how they are put together, remove the cells, put new cells in and then put the whole thing back together. I've done this now for laptops, cameras, a couple of drills and a vacuum cleaner and they all work 'better than new' because the new cells have far more capacity than the cells that were in there originally.
In this case, the capitalization of the words is very helpful in determining that there is a title in the middle of that title.
Exactly. "It's all for the money" is a generally useless thing to point out. It's the table stakes of living in the modern world unless you want to join a commune somewhere. Most folks on here generally expect corporations to do things against our interest as consumers, and that's generally the state of things. That said, we would rather they do SOME positive things and not NO positive things.

I've got plenty of bad things to say about Valve, but that's for another thread, where the topic is a bad thing they're doing.
"When you’re the founder of a startup that takes in a $50M investment like this, you’re all set to live off the money however you want."

I think if you're going to suggest this about a particular startup, you probably should have some documentation this is actually happening.
Thunder Out of China
And if your commute is very long, you're most likely getting on when it's not crowded and will have a seat.
That could be just another way of saying 'normal' computer users were not really 'computer literate' during those times. Having lived through them myself, I wouldn't argue.

That said, I think the the term 'computer literate' is much less defined than 'literate', so using the term is a good way to start an argument.
google deprecated the free "google apps for your domain" plan nearly a decade ago, so you probably don't have anything to worry about for a little while on personal gmail.
I wouldn't say I'm advocating for private school,or even lack of govt in school matters.

I guess my primary point surrounds censorship, especially when it comes to dictating what teachers can say or teach (in addition to, in the context of, not necessarily in place of the cariculum)
> It was both a common and well accepted

Slavery was not common. There were few slave owners and the populations of slavery states was minimal. Slavery was, by it's nature, very expensive. Only the very wealthy owned slaves. You had to be able to house the slaves and have work for them to be productive (or enough capital that productivity didn't matter).

In fact, before the cotton gin, slavery was on it's way out because not enough people could afford it. The gin made it possible to harvest and process mass amounts of cotton without specialized training.
Here's a massively oversimplified and harsh view, but maybe useful to contrast different ends of the spectrum:

1. Get VC style investment, become unicorn, pay yourself 500-1000k a year immediately, ride the roller-coaster. Ending = derail ? feel burned, but have some dosh to show for it, possibly swallowing feelings of contempt towards investors due to overriding decision that forced you to watch your baby burn : Homerun, now watch everything you worked for be monetised into a souleless husk of it's innocent beginnings, you can't help but feel you sold out, quit once you had enough, dosh to show for it.

2. No investors, go the hard way, grow slow. If you make the right decisions, you will be able to afford to gradually increase your salary to something modest, and eventually perhaps even "good", you maintain full control of your product and peace of mind of ownership and decision making. OR, you keep making the wrong decisions, you burn through all your money, possibly burn through your enthusiasm too if you don't know when to quit.

#1 can be risky for the soul 2# can be risky for the pocket

If you aren't very materialistic and don't want expensive toys, #2 can be quite attractive because of the sanity you are able to create for your everyday worklife... the other thing is that just because it isn't a 100B business idea, doesn't mean it isn't a good business idea, it might just have a different scale, maybe it can't pay 10k workers and a pile of investors, but it could pay pay 10 or 100 people with the same salary, minus all the corporate BS... it just takes longer to get there. VCs want relatively quick money, but that is only applicable to certain ideas that can reach a certain scale, even then it comes at a non monetary cost that can be hard to stomach.
Assuming you're talking this one - https://www.lego.com/en-us/product/haunted-house-10273 - I'm failing to see the specialty parts, outside of a couple of things like the spiderweb. Even the organ is brick-built from parts that could be repurposed in a number of ways (for example, exhaust pipes on a car or truck).
I didn't mean to come across like that. I was intending to criticize the system that put us all in this position where this was the obvious choice. Strong towns focuses heavily on the cost aspect of rural and suburban building with all the amenities of a city. I would prefer if we all had the option to move out to the boonies without it being the obvious choice because A) we stop running these towns as ponzi schemes, subsidizing current COL on supposed future growth and B) we built ample high density housing in city centers and near transit hubs so that housing in convenient areas wasn't a Veblen good.
Shameless plug: https://kerkour.com

Rust, Go, Security & Cryptography :)
My series 7 easily makes it a full day, closer to two days. It also charges really quickly. I put it on the charger for about 30 mins to an hour in the morning while reading emails and it’s done.
> A single piece of glass makes up the windshield, roof and back window in the Lucid Air.

Replacing that won't be cheap. And it's not like replacing a cracked windshield is an unusual situation. Friends of mine live in an area with a lot of gravel roads and logging trucks—replacing windshields is an annual occurrence.

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/02/01/business/00wheels...
I already have one, and addition of $300 is not going to change it much. Plus, this gift was given with direct orders to spend it on something nice. That said, I totally agree with you, contributing to a rainy day fund can totally improve one's life.
any sort of sport that you've been looking to get into.. to suggest for me, buying a yoga mat and starting ashtanga
This is exactly it. "Vote with your wallet" sounds like a pretty good idea until you notice that your wallet doesn't actually contain that many votes.
> or if he's just adhering to current law in his country

What does this even mean.

He's making no public statements, that's what it means for a politician to be "hidden". Meanwhile Trudeau has made several damning statements about the trucker convoy.
I have a X1 Carbon that is a few years old now.A couple of years ago I dropped it (lid closed) from about 2 feet up (70cm). And it hit the tiled floor, pointy corner first. I thought "welp here go $2000". But no! A 2x3 mm part of the black surface finish chipped of and I see the bare silvery metal now. Oh and the tile cracked.
On the technical side it sure was "Agile Web Development with Ruby on Rails", the first edition.

On a personal perspective, "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Dummies". It helped me to understand what was happening to me on a personal crisis. This stuff should be taught in schools.
You have to understand their concern though, there are so many terrible stories about working for Amazon that it seems to be the expected norm rather than the reverse.

What's even worse is that it permeates throughout the entire company, every division, every org.

You have this article written nearly 7-years ago:

https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/technology/inside-amazon-...

Money quote:

> “You walk out of a conference room and you’ll see a grown man covering his face,” he said. “Nearly every person I worked with, I saw cry at their desk.”

The culture only seems to have gotten worse.

Another person posted elsewhere but Amazon seems to be doing anything they can but actually fixing their toxic culture.

I've worked one bad job and there's no amount of money I would accept to mitigate the loss in quality of sleep, becoming depressed when going to work, and dreading when I had to communicate with anyone.
They should do this to warehouse workers instead who deserve it way more
I was actually thinking of doing some Brazilian Jiu Jutsu. Good idea.
What is Apple doing with the iPad division? The Mac spanked the iPad in 2021 and the recent earnings showed that.
Now i'm just imagining flight crew yeeting unmasked people off of planes in mid-air
Note that "operationalization" implies a fairly specific set of epistimolgical and ontological approaches which do not necessarily require that what is being measured has a one-to-one correspondence to a 'real' entity.
Yeah, there's lots of things that work good enough for localized use to approximate something like Maybe or Result and a lot of times that's all you need, and (in Python) more convenient than the real thing when that's all you need.

Wanting something that's ergonomic for free composition where you aren't anticipating all the potential uses where it is defined is where real monadic Maybe/Result types shine, and once you pull them in to a code base it sometimes makes sense to use them for the local cases, too.
Every so often Costco will have this giant "classic" lego box for $40 which is a pretty good deal: https://www.lego.com/en-us/product/bricks-bricks-bricks-1071...
In a similar world Scott Wlaschin: https://fsharpforfunandprofit.com/
They did so by adopting a national strategy for the entire party, regardless of state, and this probably intensified some conservatism.

And Rush Limbaugh's syndication on even FM stations plus the launch of Fox News in the mid 90s helped get that national message across.
Some I love:

* Librera Pro, a featureful, reliable reader for ebooks of many formats, pdfs &c.
* Chroma Doze, configurable white noise
* Privacy Browser, lets me turn off both images and javascript, and seems faster sometimes, especially for quick/frequent lookups from bookmarks.
* IceCatMobile, browser for other sites I leave open for later ongoing reading.
* Handy News Reader, great RSS news reader once I got used to it; now my favorite by far.
* NewsBlur, works well for me for a few particular RSS feeds
* RadioDroid, fabulously wide selection of internet radio in a very convenient app
* AnkiDroid, extremely useful to learn things ~ permanently
* Wikipedia
* VLC
* Senreta Vortaro, esperanto/english dictionary
* DroidLife, somewhat interesting Conway's Game of Life app
* OpenFlood, a curious little game, and way to keep from pocket dialing w/o turning my phone off manually (I had an on/off switch fail)
* NightScreen, blue light off before bed, but have to turn the schedule feature auto off then back on each time after rebooting, it seems (at least on my phone). Worth it to me.
* CPU Stats -- but I *really* wish for something that said *what* was using the most cpu, like top. Maybe just top, after rooting my next phone.
* send with FTP and ghost commander, to move files from phone to computer quickly

I wish Gospel Library (content from my church) were on f-droid, then maybe I wouldn't use the Play store at all. They do let people download the code and submit patches, I believe, but I haven't got into details so far.

While these are very useful, I don't trust the stack enough to use my phone for any confidential things like passwords, banking or ssh yet.
Spending time socializing with people that aren't part of my social life by my own (direct) choosing feels like a chore to me, I suppose. A work party, to me, does not resemble actual work in many ways… and yet it does not resemble a party either. I would certainly enjoy to play volleyball on the beach with friends and family but would rather avoid it as a reward or team-building activity.
Staia presented a known system to target, not a fragmented mess of ever changing 'distributions' that don't even attempt to maintain binary compatibility for a single release.
Not to discount your experience, it is a useful data point showing it can work, but almost any learning scheme that begins with willing PhDs teaching a group of well-behaved children (with parents that care enough to put them in a special school) is incredibly more likely to succeed. These are the sorts of people who could be left in a cave with some rocks and would likely come out more informed. You can't extrapolate from that to the general public.

Maybe that's obvious to you, but it's a factor that seems to be routinely ignored when discussing educational outcomes.
No pb, gogol blocked my software (aka noscript/basic (x)html web browsers) a few years ago (for authentication, account creation, etc), then I now have my own smtp server (a raspberry pi with a 32GB usb key sitting next to my IAP modem, and hopefully, soon a RISC-V mini-computer, to help free the world from ARM toxic PI). I did even write the smtp software myself in lean C89 with benign bits of c99/c11.

Now, they put in the "spam" folder all the emails I send to ppl using their servers... even though many of those ppl removed my emails from the "spam" folder.
The journal publishers (similar to FB et al) are commercial entities designed to make money from desperate academics trying to publish. They thrive on novelty and readership, but also "respect" (rather than ads and "engagement") from not having their occasionally outrageous papers questioned. Sometimes to stoke or avoid scandal and increase readership they might include a debunking paper, but it's important to remember these are not bought by individuals but by departments who won't stock "less respected" journals.

Now, if perhaps there were a respected public psychology paper service like psyarXive at the time that might have made things slightly better.

https://psyarxiv.com/