skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Thank you for your patience! Looking at the github repository for aleph, under
examples/abduce.pl I can see the source of my confusion: like you say, negative
examples are now given as (FOL) atoms (Prolog "facts"). I seem to remember that
in Aleph (as in Progol) examples are arbitrary definite clauses (with or without
bodies) and _negative_ examples are arbitrary Horn _goals_ (from which
"constraints" can be learned- i.e. Horn goals again). If that's so, then the
notation "false:- <body>" is a convention to facilitate parsing of negative
examples; because writing them as Horn goals (:-A,B,C...) would cause them to be
parsed as directives by the Prolog interpreter- and executed...! So "false" in
the head is a bit of a hack to begin with, or anyway a bit of syntactic sugar.

This actually points to a slight inconsistency between theory and practice in
ILP, at least when the target language is Prolog. As a reminder, this is the
standard setting for ILP: given background knowledge B and positive and negative
examples E⁺, E⁻, find a hypothesis H such that H ∧ B ⊨ E⁺ and ∀e⁻ ∈ E⁻: H ∧ B ⊭
e⁻.

That makes a lot of sense intuitively: we want a correct hypothesis that entails
all the positive and none of the negative examples, with respect to background
knowledge. But it leaves open the question of what, exactly, are the negative
examples. Especially when the target language is Prolog where we're operating
under a closed-world assumption, where we only define the things we know to be
true, it gets a bit tricky to explain how some examples (be they clauses or
atoms) are "negative" when there's no real way to represent negation (only
negation-as-failure) in a logic program (i.e. a set of definite clauses- no Horn
goals in there!).

For me the ideal answer is that positive examples are atoms in the Herbrand
base of a target predicate (the "top" predicate in H) that are assigned the
value "true" by an interpretation ι, where H is a "name" for ι. So, negative
examples must be the same as positive examples: atoms, assigned the value
"false" by ι. So they should be written as atoms, without negation. That
simplifies notation, allows learning a "contra-theory" (by switching the signs
of E⁺ and E⁻) and avoids the need for syntactic conventions like "false:-
<body>". But, my intuition is coloured from my experience with Meta-Interpretive
Learning systems where examples are always atoms and learning is a proof by
SLD-refutation of examples, both positive and negative (as opposed to inverse
resolution which is... more complicated; let's just say that MIL makes a lot
more sense to me than IR).

Digression, eh!
Seattle Telecommunications History Museum
Yoga and meditation do not quiet the ego but instead boost self-enhancement (2018)
"On the other hand, with algorithms you can actually study how the decisions are made. You can investigate what was given as input and how it affected the results."

You'd have to have access to it. This is highly unlikely. If testing as a black box, could they identify a test and change its behavior, like VW emissions tests?
I want Cell to be more ergonomic because it addresses the same Rust weak points as RefCell but without runtime overhead and panicking. I think RefCell<struct> should be an infrequently used type that you reach for when you specifically want to guard against reentrancy, and struct{Cell} should be the primary replacement for shared access in other languages. The latter is sound but introduces a lot of boilerplate syntax.
It's hard to call the iPhone complete when it makes egregious concessions in it's capabilities in the name of "safety" (which turns out to be a moot-point anyways, as sufficently funded state actors have proven to us over the past few months).
Ah yes, quite right on the first part! The catch is that to be preserved, those sediments have to be deposited somewhere else on the continental crust, say in epicratonic seas [1] or in subsiding basins [2]. If the sediments wash all the way off the continental shelf and onto the ocean crust, then they'll ultimately get subducted into the mantle!

The catch with glaciers is that putting a lot of big glacial ice sheets onto the continents takes that water out of the oceans, and lowers sea level -- meaning a bunch of places where you could normally preserve sediments on the continents will be above sea level during the glaciations (AKA above "base level"), and more of those sediments will be washed off the continents entirely. There still some places where you can find the fossilized glacial till from these Cryogenian glaciations (which is in part how we know they happened), but it's basically only in the tectonic basins at the margins of the continent that were subsiding fast enough to stay below base level and not get eroded away.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inland_sea_(geology)

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_basin
And that seems to me as patting themselves on the back.

Every country in Europe did this exact thing without patting themselves on the back or calling it "Warp speed" ( eg. For Refrigerator units/logistics)

The biggest accomplishment/improvement to speed up things was doing simultaneous clinical trials, which wasn't even remotely related with Warp speed but was a emergency action ( = it existed as advice before COVID to be used if a pandemic would happen)
Note that this is a British article, and where it uses the word "liberal" American should read it as somewhere between "libertarian" and "neoliberal".
What do you do while education lags where it needs to be? Because enough education to understand, say, climate change takes about a decade.

(... And that's assuming it can be provided without being shut down as "indoctrination").
I agree with all of that....
Yes, you don't put up a stele claiming credit for repairs to something you built in the first place.

Circumstantial evidence for tunnels found in and under the Sphinx is intriguing, and not prima facie implausible. (The Egyptians did love tunneling!) If true, one wonders why authorities continue keeping them secret. Perhaps there will be a big reveal someday in a way calculated to benefit someone's reputation, but it may be that any such reveal could only ever embarrass.

The big, empty, precisely-machined boxes in Saqqara with painfully crude exterior surface decorations are another big mystery. Again, one wonders what more authorities know about them than is yet published. All we may be certain of is that the official line is bollocks.
Updates are opt in. I wish I’d researched the v11 changes before upgrading though.
CMD+shift+5 on Mac to open up the screenshot tool

Snip app on windows which you can pull up by hitting the windows key and typing the name

Both allow for easy cropping of a screen, and snip has a built in marker for drawing on the screenshot
A healthy society must have a diversity of opinion, and that includes being allowed to be against vaccination and expressing that viewpoint.

The overton window is getting ridiculously narrow right now and it's definitely not for the benefit of society, truth nor probably even for the general health.

The evidence for the benefits of vaccines can speak for itself, so there is really no point in maligning anyone.

But there is definitely a lot of valid debate on who should be vaccinated and how much, and minimizing the overton window will stifle that debate.
In any context. If someone thinks or knows something is propaganda they should exercise their free speech to point that out.

Not even propaganda should be censored.

Then again propaganda often implies it’s coming from a government. In that case the people and their representatives should have the power to prevent or retract statements if needed.
I feel like the elephant in the room is culture.

* Facebook seems to be a bunch of smart people working on pet projects. Monopoly profits drive a political empire where people at the top think up something random, and it gets built.

* Google has customer contempt. They started with brilliant people who were used to being smarter than everyone else. They also started in algorithm-driven markets like search and ad-words, where everything was statistical and individuals didn't matter. They've lost the smarts and the ethics, and they're in a bit of a hole. I think they've reached the end of the growth line.

* I know nothing about Apple. Too secretive.

* Microsoft has a bunch of cut-throat teams, competing with each other. Their technology is middling. However, they're the only one of the bunch you'd want to partner with for B2B.

* ... except for Amazon, which is hyper-customer-focused, and has a track record of successful forward-looking projects. AWS has been rock solid. On the other hand, I'd never want to work there; they treat employees like crap. But it somehow works out for them.
Microsoft may have too many internal competing interests to recognize that it has become the Azure company, but it should be clear by the late 2020s.

Any divisions that yell "Developers!" at events already know this. The rest are probably aware.

My only problem is how everything is going to subscription based pricing and requires a cloud account.
The video game arcade grew out of earlier electromechanical amusements, primarily pinball(which has had a small renaissance in the US). The joy of pinball is a combination of "bright lights and chimes" - attractive theming giving it a monumental feel, the physics of the game being complex and chaotic, and a "beat the operator" element of skill where good players can play for longer and are even rewarded with more credits. Every time you come in to play a pinball, it's slightly different because the parts were readjusted or the ball had grown worn.

When video arcades started to grow popular at the end of the 1970's, they retained most of these elements: An arcade game was a "destination" for game enthusiasts and had the best technology available at the time. They didn't have real physics like pinball, but they were very reliable, giving the skill element a new wrinkle - the operator mostly wasn't a factor, so you played against the game design as the developer intended. While free credits for high scores were eliminated, time extension was still a common part of the gameplay. Playing for high scores or going longer on one credit are the underlying factor to being "into" arcade games - they are fundamentally short "instant fun" experiences and you have to fight them to get more out of your credit.

There's a strong element of "performing" an arcade game - not just consuming it but making the most of every nuance. Not all arcades are designed fairly, but the best ones allow you to clear the game on one credit if you are very good. It can be very satisfying to spend time practicing an arcade and then be able to perform it again on demand.

While consoles got better and closed the gap on technology, the arcade got a second wind in the 90's as fighting games and larger format games like Daytona USA became central, preserving the monumentality of it and opening up more multiplayer experiences, which helped the arcade retain a social feeling.

Since video games are so prevalent now, and allow for cheaper, longer-format and less intense experiences, arcades have become a niche, but their style of gameplay remains popular.
Nooo. There was a ton of logistics. The military was a key part of the last mile distribution initially and for some time.

Trump is a loathsome character, but OWS was a well executed initiative.
I’m surprised more automakers haven’t adopted something like an Elgato Stream Deck where physical buttons can be mapped to custom icons for each desired function. It seems like it would be much safer while also allowing for new changes as software updates happen
They do it to keep the motor from overheating. And they re-enable it after 5 minutes.
If struct fields weren't aligned, then safe Rust would be completely and utterly broken. And really obviously so.

This isn't just a matter of things "seeming". It is quite literally an implication of Safe Rust works => field offsets must be aligned. There is no other way for safe Rust to be safe, other than alignment not mattering at all because all accesses are careful to pessimistically not rely on it.

I am sorry, but this hypothesis is just completely outside the Overton Window.
Microsoft needs a CEO with "Microsoft" as his/her middle name.
The article is coy on the question of whether trains are even needed at all, or if individual cars could simply travel the rail road alone.
>Because easily 98% of the work of any developer is being a "wetware compiler" since "code is written for other people."

People always say this. But they fail to provide any evidence that consistency helps, and if so if by how much. All they have is personal experience, which is all I have as well. And my personal experience says it just doesn't matter.

> Ah, spoken like someone who has not yet worked in a "foreign language" shop, where the developers are new to the language at hand and bring their old "best practices" to the current language

Quite the assumption. That's where many of the inconsistencies come from. And Black isn't going to help with different language idioms. That matters a lot more than whether or not you use a trailing comma for the last item of a multi-line list or not.
> I'm intelligent enough to figure them out.

That's the epistemological problem with misinformation.

How does one know one is intelligent enough if one is trying to evaluate from misinformation? Shouldn't the premise "garbage in, garbage out" apply?
Regardless of the platform and device, updates are opt-in until a critical feature requires the latest version to even work (effectively deprecating the older versions).
It's somewhat surprising that Oracle isn't even mentioned in the article.
I actually picked up the spinach, Stilton, and potato habit in the American Midwest, but I can completely see how it would come off as Californian.

Also, if you’re ever in the French Alps, I highly recommend getting the raviolis on you pizza. Never seen that offered anywhere else.
>I wonder if we're about to see protectionism expand from blue collar politics into white collar politics.

You already have high protectionism of white collar since ~2015 or 2016, when chance of getting H1B outside of wholesale Indian consultancies became very low.
I had a HTC windows phone and it was not good in my experience. The app store was non-existent, the OS forced you into using its own social media experiences which were half implemented and janky vs. native apps, and the web browser was slow and clunky for the era (2010s). The home screen was enormously painful with all kinds of different sized icons strewn about and blinking, changing, etc. randomly--I could never find anything in the same place.

The only good thing I could say is that the settings were much simpler and easier to navigate than apple or android phones at the time. But that was really more because there was far less you could change or do in windows phones.

As far as effort put into it, Microsoft spent years pouring money and resources into trying to grow their phone platform. Remember they basically invented modern smartphones with Windows mobile phones--I was using 'real' web browsers on my windows mobile 5 phone as far back as 2006, years and years before the iPhone came out. They spent billions buying companies like Nokia, trying to get more developers on their platform, etc. There were at least two or three complete restarts to the whole platform. There were internal competitors even from the Xbox/game division (remember the Kin?). It just churned and churned and churned despite all resources and money thrown at it--all of it wasted in the end.
Makes me thing devs need to have a home page / github for all their projects, and more than one place to download their software.
This is a good and thorough article. The author got down to brass tacks pretty quickly and brings up interesting hypothesis about $MSFT.

That said, I do have one gripe:

> To oversimplify Notion to its demographics, it is Office 365 for people below age 35.

I recognize this is an oversimplification, but even so, it seems like a stretch. Notion is a decent product, and I have used it for a few small-scale team projects in uni (mainly for Kanban-related stuff) - but to call it a replacement for O365 is an exaggeration at best.

Yes, you can have pretty, nested documents in Notion and that's great, but a tabular database in Notion is by no means a replacement for Excel or even Google Sheets. The velocity that is afforded by Excel in terms of formulas is unmatched and there's a reason it has yet to be unseated as the kingpin of modern finance.

Most young people I know use a combination of Discord + Google Suite to collaborate. I am aware this is slightly anecdotal, but I am also having a hard time imagining myself as a founder and then asking my CFO to use Notion to prepare investor pitches.

Source: Am 23 :)
It's all summed up on wikipedia, per the usual for the curious. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladophialophora_bantiana
My SaaS is used by 4000 recruiters every day and I’ve worked in the industry for 15 years so I feel I can chime in here :)

What you’re proposing has been done before, but it’s never been done well. For example, Chosen AI set out to solve this but ended up pivoting.

It’s still a problem that is interesting and I’d be keen to chat with you more on it if you’re open to it - if we can nail the tech, I know the route to market and can help kickstart it.

Recruitment/staffing agencies don’t tend to buy tech the way others do - direct sales is best, at least, at the beginning to get feedback.

TLDR. Recruiters will absolutely want this, but the execution is key.
I own a Tesla, but the attitude of the Twitter/Tesla bros makes me ashamed that I do.

They seem to genuinely think that mocking anyone who dare criticize the almighty Elon is a justifiable action. Instead, it makes them, and by extension all Tesla owners, look like children.

I've had my Model X for a year, and so far it's been in service for a total of 14 days. Of the 18 (!) issues my car has, they've only managed to fix 8. (!!)

And it's not because they're mysterious, complex problems. They just don't give a shit. They pretend that obvious issues are normal, or blame software for hardware problems, anything they can do to get rid of me.

I would never recommend a Tesla to anyone, now. I've never hated a car more.
This is a bit of a tangent, but I don't understand generalized masking. At best they flatten the curve, which I think at this point I believe flattening the curve is dangerous. We have pretty well defined risk demographics and if we could have covid seasons come and go quickly I think it gives the high risk demographics the best chance of applying multi-layered defenses against a shorter season of risk.

There is of course the "overcrowded hospital" issue, but I have a hard time coming to terms with that being a real problem - if it were a real problem why has hospital capacity been in decline this entire pandemic? Is it an unsolvable problem or is it just not a real problem outside of fantastically clickable headlines? I lean heavily towards the latter but I could be convinced otherwise.
Security is not moot just because state actors can break it, that's basically expected. The idea is to give everyone below the level of a state a harder time.
We’re working on a security definition which means “control of system”. That means escaping the compartment: for iMessage that means escaping the sandbox. The most recent one on the PZ blog is a multiparty series and I don’t believe they’ve described how NSO gets from code execution to actually escaping the sandbox. If being able to escape the sandboxing means “not compartmentalized” then if anyone escapes the VM in qubes then qubes is also not compartmentalized. The difference is how extreme the compartmentalization is. macOS and iOS use sandboxing which is much lighter weight than a full VM, but is not as strong a boundary as a full VM. However saying that they’re not a form of compartmentalization is plainly false.

Every other virtualisation system also uses hardware virtualisation. They’ve been popped. I don’t think it’s unreasonable to suspect that qubes has not had the same degree of offensive interest as, say, VMware.
NSO is not Israel. They are a small private company, based in Israel, owned by a UK private equity group. This isn’t a ‘state sponsored’ anything.
Credentials can help filter out a lot of garbage. For example, some podcast bro spouts something about vaccines that goes against the prevailing wisdom, I'll mostly ignore it. If an ER doc from the University of Barbados says something, I'll probably give it some time and effort. If an immunologist from the mayo clinic says something, I'm going to really give it some serious thought and time researching it.

I wouldn't discount something purely on lack of prestige and education, but you have to be able to filter some based on credentials or you'll spend all your time fact checking things like whether the Sandy Hook school shooting was all faked or whether 9/11 was an inside job or if the government is using 5g to give us all COVID so they can use the vaccine to implant tracking chips in everyone.
What is the point of a perimiter firewall in the modern Internet? Those TV and lightbulbs are attack vectors inside the firewall. And there are (and will be more) plenty of devices that bridge the cellular networks and the LAN.

You need a defense at depth, not a crunchy perimeter with a squishy inside.
If that's my opinion and people are free to their opinions han why should I or anyone else be downvoted? The mere fact of downvoting an opinion is in fact censorship. The exact thing that all of the arguments against mine are railing against.
Biontech bought production facilities in Germany.
It's more like 80 years now, if we're talking about things like the steering wheel, order of the pedals, and the directional indicator stalk.
> You were literally wrong given the context of the conversation. It is immaterial which features Solaris got 13 years down the road in its competition with Linux.

No, you were wrong with the statement "This also glosses over that commercial Unices weren't superior technology.". The context was Linux killing off the (technically superior) competition, a process that took decades.

There are many other technologies that Solaris had years before Linux, e.g. decent SMP, Zones (containers), ZMF management and many other features that Linux still does not have. QNX had realtime features and a microkernel.

> I figure in your mind it has to do something with micro-architecture rather than vendors not giving a flying fart, so I'll bite.

The situation is more complex than "vendors not giving a flying fart". Linux does not have a stable module ABI, in fact, it doesn't even guarantee a stable API. This is all part of "kernel architecture" and highly relevant. Regarding microkernels, security concerns will eventually force this design on future operating systems (e.g. Google's Fuschia)
Using voice control for music is pretty neat, for all the rest it sucks. It doesn't understand the most basic variations on the exact commands you need to use.
I personally feel that his channel over represents the risk to picking. Not intentionally, just simply as a byproduct of watching locks getting picked quickly by an expert in laboratory conditions.

A most recent example was a contractor working on my house had his van compromised and his tools stolen. No lock picking here, the thief punched a hole in the door, just below the lock with, probably, a large screwdriver, and he was in within seconds.

However, as a counterpoint, it should be noted that while everywhere else I saw a soda machine they had those typical, ubiquitous cylinder key locks, the machines in the engineering building in college were all Abloy. So, you know, there's that anecdata.

Not that it helped much, turned out if you put money in the machine, held down the soda selection, and power cycled the machine, it would happily dispense a fresh soda. Rinse repeat, Pepsis for everyone!
https://www.holloway.com/g/venture-capital/