skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I wouldn't say that "all our current theories" are set in continuous spacetime. For example, Quantum chromodynamics is set in SU(3), an 8-dimensional group of rotation-like matrices. Electric charge is discrete, spin is discrete, electron orbitals are discrete. In fact position and momentum would seem to be the outlier if they were not also discrete. I hardly call that "no reason".
Thank you for this excellent post! Also thanks to jorangreef for his detailed comment!

It's a real pleasure to read such clear and thorough posts and discussions.

For me, the key insights are:

* to `fsync` before reading,

* the analogy between batching writes and a train between two stations.
Signal doesn't achieve this at all. In this regard, they are just another messaging service that's not compatible with anything and also they are discouraging (to say the least) unofficial clients from connecting official servers. They are yet another fragment in the already fragmented ecosystem.

What's a step forward in this regard is projects like libpurple or Matrix bridges. Whose goal is to make already existing networks interconnected.
I'm not defending ME/PSP at all, i would happily burn the CPUs off, if I could. I totally agree completely on your statement

> That society is ok with that is a huge problem to say the least.

but you could compare any bad actor actions to ME/PSP and say it's the same or not as bad

it's bordering on Whataboutery
I think his point is more that -- given the speed of light -- it's extremely unlikely that there is anything to see from us in...650AD which is what would be arriving there right now.
I'm sure it is a fine program, don't get me wrong. But citing a Basic I program as something that is eternally true is exactly what I mean when talking about the world moving on. Does it even run on 64-bit operating systems? Will it keep working correctly after the unix timestamp goes beyond its signed 32 bit maximum and overflows? I'll also eat my hat if there is anything you can prove about it in the modern meaning of formal verification.

There is plenty of software being written to very high standards of quality (formally verified real-time control software for rockets/power plants/etc comes to mind), but most of that is not available for free on the internet (or for $5/month as a SAAS) because you get what you pay for.
Just stumbled upon the Android app[1] while randomly browsing F-Droid and thought I'd share the project as a whole. Kind of a bummer that the Android app doesn't support having a local database, but it's a very cool concept regardless.

[1]: https://patrick.zedler.xyz/grocy/
I believe this model could work, but amazon seems to be a fractal of toxicity. I've heard bad stories from developers, managers, and of course contract delivery drivers, packing and sorting people, etc. Just about everything except for the robots has complained. So you would have to rebrand each division, as something completely different, e.g. AWS => CloudWeb, Store => InternetShopping.com, etc.
I live in a place that charges taxes specifically earmarked for all of those items. We call them levies.

Ostensibly, we vote on them, but some levies stay in place for 30 years. For example, a levy for a new police station that covers the mortgage for 30 years.
I turned off a giant old service that was full of feature flags once.

Having them everywhere was great, we could flip things off feature by feature just by changing the flags.

Having the old ones still around can be handy.
Yeah.

It's almost a requirement to do continuous deployment and working without long living branches.

Don't forget to clean them up with you don't need one anymore. There's work involved with that too.
It's pretty telling that he regularly eviscerates bike locks, but then he once showed his own bike lock was rather cheap. And his reasoning was that he doesn't take his nice bike out, and he would rather they destroy a cheap lock than an expensive one.
I've partially responded to that already[1][2]. Let me add to that, that when you group together data, a lot of invariants are preserved by the logic you already wrote for the types you compose your types of. Most basic grouping of objects is a struct. It's a product type. Often what I want really is the product of all the states of the component types, without eliminating any combinations. And in the case of sum types: I practically always want all the states. All the invariants are already handled in the types being summed. Not for transfer/storage, but because it logically makes sense. Another thing is that "make invalid state unrepresentable" is a good guideline, but it can lead you into a corner, where you write a lot of code just to make sure that your type system proves that a certain error is not representable by a type, when this error is trivial, unlikely and would take seconds to debug at runtime (maybe would even be so obvious, as to not need any debugging at all). Just because a certain invariant is true in a domain, doesn't mean that it needs to be encoded in the type system. We need to choose what's the most productive use of our time as developers. Those are trade-offs.

I do not deny the usefulness of ADTs (which is what "private" is all about). I question whether it's the right default. My experience tells me it isn't. Whether you call my style of programming "OOP", is irrelevant to me. This term, after decades of evolution, doesn't mean anything anymore. I certainly don't treat it as a badge of quality and don't consult any definition of it before judging whether a particular technique in programming is useful or not.

[1]: <https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30112738>

[2]: <https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30113932>
>has the authority to restrict how you use the fruits of those funds; if you cannot abide by them then perhaps consider stop taking federal funds?

Not sure if you're familiar with this bit[0]:

Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof; *or abridging the
freedom of speech*,

Are you arguing that taking public money obviates the above?

I'd say that since the government is involved, the above (are you not familiar with that bit?) is absolutely relevant and needs to be respected -- given that it's the law of the land.

[0] https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/first_amendment
I've been hearing this for the past 20 years. And now my sysadmin skills are more and more in demand. For the past 5 years or so I started making more money than a dev because of supply and demand.

Rent to AWS actually drives demand up quite a lot since the bills are huge and very few people understand what is under the hood and how it can be optimized.

I doubt very much things will change in the near future. In the far one... who knows.

Edit: car mechanics with their own shop make significantly more money than me and it seems to only get better for them as cars become more complex.
They do not need superuser, they can just request the permission to bypass DND. I believe apps can't tell if you gave them the permission or not, so there is no way to "force" users into this.
> If, at some time in the future, it manages to create a usable bridge to connect between two popular private services (say Whatsapp and Telegram, or Teams and Slack) it could start accumulating network effects

Well, I think usable bridges for such apps are a thing already. See e.g. https://element.io/element-matrix-store and https://beeper.com

Problems are:

- it's a subscription based service

- End to end encryption is not active for these services as long as you don't run the bridge yourself (which in principle is possible as well, see e.g. the description at the website of Beeper) which stretches usable a bit...

Both problems would likely be solved if these services would provide an API for other messengers and would cooperate on a common standard for E2EE like MLS, however the likelihood for that ... seems pretty small.
1.
> Interesting that you refer to him as the "Former Valve economist" rather than the Finance Minister of Greece

He was the Finance Minister of Greece for barely 5 months.

> or the guy who stood up to the EU

What exactly he did acomplish, again?
I doubt they would ever endorse the use of a third party interface to Signal.
Well for some alternative app store named f-droid, you expect them to be the home of all the rejections of the Play Store. What the point of jailbreaking your phone if you end up with the same limitations.
We're currently in the transition, any chance you have some insights to help ease the mentality shift as the team transitions to this vs bi-weekly/monthly deployments.
Me too, stopped at 6.5. Wikipedia says they do it in Japan too.
Web cookies creator says they were invented for privacy, not tracking
> How much freedom should you give people to take away other people's freedom?

This is the very purpose of law according to John Locke who heavily influenced America's founders. To John Locke, the way to maximize freedom for everyone was by establishing laws which restrict people's ability to remove others' freedoms.

Having platforms like F-Droid self-govern and establish rules to try and maximize freedoms in the world is a pretty interesting experiment and a great showcase of small government, and thus should be widely supported by conservatives :)
I use treesitter from neovim so it's pretty crazy fast. :)
Having scaled up various business initiatives, and working through countless scaling issues, I would recommend managed services like anyone else with experience...

However! When I spin up my own side projects. It is sooo much easier to just go into the command line and spin something up directly --- it does make me wonder whether some small amount of expertise can really change things. By the time your orchestrating AWS services, docker containers, kubernetes and more --- Would it have been so bad to run a 10 line bash script on few cheap VMs to set yourself up?

Even typing that, I realize how much time managed services saves you when you need it. Change management is really what those services offer you - even if a momentary setup is easier by hand.
The sun was dimmer when earth formed – how did life emerge?
I wonder, if ever interviewed by the Police, I could just say: "No thanks, search on YouTube for 'Don't Talk to the Police' for why. Or maybe, giving that reason why I won't talk means that I'm actually talking to the police?

Somewhat a tangent: when going through due diligence for Series A, my CEO said: "Remember, they are not your friends." The thing was, though, after they invested, the VC fired him.

Maybe that's the difference between prosecutors and makers.
> ... the 447-foot-long span is rated in poor condition and is restricted to vehicles of up to 26 tons ...

The weight limit was 26 tons, not 2 tons. My Chevy Volt would frequently brush up against a 2 ton weight limit.
Government IT expenditures are insane. At work I have an i7 and 32GB of RAM with a spinning hard disk chaining the whole workstation to the ground. Booting up, logging in, and launching a browser takes over fifteen minutes at my last count, most of which is waiting for it to become responsive again after launching Edge.

Frankly I'd love an explanation as to why Windows 7 works just fine on a hard drive but Windows 10 staggers around like it's been shot.
I think they are a necessary evil. I haven't seen a better mechanism to allow dynamic changes to production, but they come with a big downside for operations.

The problem with feature flags is that (assuming a flag can only be "on" or "off") once you introduce the flags you have 2^n different possible states the system can be in. When you have a bug or a crash, you have to reason about all of those states. If you have even 10 flags, that's over 1,000 combinations!

Does anyone have a different way of enabling "experiments" or quickly rolling back bad changes?
The same advantage as having 30 updaters run in the background versus running

apt update

Imagine every app you install, from your calculator to your chat applications, has to have its own updater. That's why I like F-Droid rather than downloading the Signal APK directly. Already have to do this for Threema unfortunately, as they're neither on F-Droid nor freely available on the Play store.
I wonder if spam bots count in their monetizable daily active users count that Wall street looks for every quarter. Would sure explain a lot.
It's a city state. Still, according to Wikipedia it covers almost five times the area.
Of course it's politically neutral. Inaction is neutral.
Pivoting with SSH Tunnels and Plink
Some useful tips and tricks for pivoting.
The usability and UI after all these years are just terrible

Spaces was implemented but again the UI is just terrible

Other clients are better as an im like fluffy chat tho
Field of depth is, de facto, determined by the sensor size.

FoD is why SLR guys like me salivate over a 1.4 50 mm lens, not the added stop of light (especially not if you’re using digital - up the ISO)
It was still USSR in 1990 (and I wasn't born yet). They've allowed private businesses in the late 80s, but the country was still very much in the process of transitioning away from full socialism. It took many more years for international companies to establish presence and for local ones to form through privatization.

There was no Ikea, but the first McDonalds opened in Moscow in 1990 and many minds were blown.

So yes, these extended return policies are one of the things retailers use to compete.
Then explain why everyone buys Nvidia cards for GPGPU?
Show HN: Hexle ­- A Wordle-like game where you guess a 16-bit hex int
The low level stuff won't magically disappear, you still will need someone who can debug the kernel or whatever is under the hood when shit blows up in everyone's face
Do you use any tools, like LaunchDarkly, for the feature flagging?
F-Droid specializes in free and open source software. It does not specialize in software rejected from other app stores. F-Droid is also available on all Android phones, rooted or not. Android allows apps to be sideloaded if no app store meets the user's needs.
2 sides of the same question. its a special case of the cases described here https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30117928.
It's a leaky abstraction, though. The problem is that many systems people that were raised only on these abstractions lack the depth to understand what's under the hood when those other layers do unexpected things.
You don't really know exactly what you'll get with /bin/sh - you might get bash trying to behave like sh, you might get dash. At least with /bin/bash you're hopefully getting bash. Now you just have to wonder what version...
Now that you mention it. Ouch
Well, the regression might end up being good timing for users, since Google has also recently announced plans to take away the legacy Gmail custom domain names. This adds up to opening the door for competitors.

Good riddance, big-G can't seem to stop fucking themselves over with regard to user trust at this point. It must truly be a royal mess on the inside, because the growing cracks are very publicly visible.

Edit: It looks like today they announced the reversal of their stupid plan to take away the legacy g-suites? https://techcrunch.com/2022/01/28/google-will-let-legacy-g-s...

Shrug, all the back-and-forth still signals a huge cluster bomb on the inside. Everyone just wants promo.

See also: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30114343

It's sad to see what the benevolent mission of "help the world organize it's data" has devolved into. Instead of growing into something pretty, it's becoming more and more petty- nickel and diming us to the max, even when they're already making boatloads of money.

There is no end to The Greed.
When done in children, it stops progression of myopia. I had it done at 13 after loosing 1 point every year, and it stopped at 6.5. God only knows what would it be without it.
When I first heard the term "TCP/IP stack", I thought it referred to some kind of state machine that used a stack (data structure) to process packets. Nope, it's just jargon for the layers of software that handle networking.
Astronomers close in on new way to detect gravitational waves
So does a CRT monitor. It can have better contrast, "unlimited" resolution and better colors. But LCDs are more practical. That's the same reason we picked up these subpar cameras.
>The censorship Gab has faced from those in the Fediverse directly conflicts with the Four Essential Freedoms of Free Software which people in this community supposedly uphold. Most notably, censoring Gab goes against the first of these freedoms – “the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose.”

No, this is not a Freedom Zero violation. Refusing to distribute software is not equivalent to banning you from running that software as you wish - unless there's some vrmsPhone out there that only runs signed F-Droid packages. Refusing to peer with a particular Mastodon node is also not violating Freedom Zero - I mean, "do not connect to Gab" is a valid way to use the software and plenty of people do not want to talk with people who use Gab. Are we seriously saying that having a blocklist in an app is a Freedom Zero violation now?

Furthermore, not wanting to talk with someone is not, in and of itself, censorship. If this were Google or Facebook, then maybe you could argue that they have monopoly power, or that we should have some kind of common carrier regulation on them. But those are, at best, special cases justified by the outsize market power of FAANG companies. The argument being put forth by Reclaim The Net is that freedom of speech isn't about being able to speak to willing ears, but about forcing people to listen to you.
Show HN: Statz – personalized football content into one feed
There are around one billion active football fans in the world. They read several websites for getting news, results, statistics and videos. Free time is becoming less and less available, and the existing sites write about all the clubs and players. We need to look for relevant content.

I'm working on creating a single channel of football content with personalized preferences.
It updates few times during the day.

Now you gain more free time and enjoy the best information about your favorites in football world.
Vim is very big, so don't learn it until you need it. For example, if you want to draw diagrams in Vim, you could certainly just add all the spaces and such yourself, or you could use `virtualedit=block` and vim will add the spaces for you. But you'd never know about the option beforehand because you didn't need it before.
It's more expedient to bomb them where the cameras aren't looking.
no one came here for politics, this is HN.

real questions for the hackers: how/why does this apk contain nonfree assets in a GPL codebase?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_(software)

Wire's source code is accompanied by the GPLv3 but the readme file states that a number of additional restrictions specified by the Wire Terms of Use take precedence

the legal stipulations here seem to conflict with GPL3.
Relevant tweet from Elon Musk yesterday:

"Twitter is spending engineering resources on this bs [support for profile photo from NFT] while crypto scammers are throwing a spambot block party in every thread!?"

- https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1484456594775678976?cxt=...
Note that the bulk of these are from the home front, or at least well behind the front lines. There is a reason. Colour film (the correct spelling as this is in the UK) was lower resolution than black and white. The depiction of colour was also not accurate enough to trust for intelligence purposes. So a photographer going anywhere with potential intelligence value would have carried and used black and white film. Colour film, as we see in the OP images, was for glamor shots. The photographers documenting the realities of war as it happened shot black and white.

Does anyone really think those women used lipstick like that while running a lathe? Makeup like that was saved tucked away in secret boxes for the day that the photographer came around.
> we had frequent "please bring it back" requests that came a few months after things were removed (also by request)

Not exactly relevant to this discussion, but it sounds like a good case for a config flag. Let them turn it on and off as often as they like.
Color photography has been around for a long time, but wasn't practical until after the war.

But, consider all the color films from before the war. There must have been a color method for there to be a movie!
You can always not read/watch/support people you dislike.

Censors are biased like everyone else. There are always extra casualties.
This is great to know!

I've been enjoying Orion a lot so far. Thanks for all of your work on building something new!
Hello again! Particularly if you have come over here from Bytle's HN post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30082963

This time, I've (hope I have...) listened to the valuable feedback of Hacker News and made a game that is hopefully better and more enjoyable than Bytle. Bytle was to do with base-2 numbers, and this time, Hexle is to do with base-16 numbers. Plus, Hexle is more like Wordle in terms of its mechanics.

Please do me know of any bugs if you come across them (I've done a few tests to see if the game is playable, but there are likely to be loads of hidden bugs I haven't caught yet) here: https://github.com/James-Livesey/hexle

Oh, and good luck!
Observation more than anything. Countless jobs that people make a living doing have their schedules set by a larger bureaucracy. This leads to people needing to set their life schedules around that job, rather than their natural rhythms.
Alias expansion within scripts is mandated by POSIX.

When bash is not in POSIX mode, it violates the standard.

$ ll /bin/sh
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 Nov 24 08:40 /bin/sh -> bash

$ cat s1
#!/bin/sh
alias p=printf
p hello\\n

$ cat s2
#!/bin/bash
alias p=printf
p world\\n

$ ./s1
hello

$ ./s2
./s2: line 3: p: command not found
I can't recall a sandbox breakout happening on Android for a very long time and this malware isn't breaking out either.
As a U.S. publication, it would be helpful to also point out that 60% of Danes are fully vaccinated in addition to having received a booster shot, vs. only ~25% of Americans.
Show HN: Consistent file uploading experience for IRC
Just visit the repo: https://github.com/docker/machine It is archived and hasn't had a commit in almost 2.5 years. See also: https://github.com/docker/roadmap/issues/245
Wow, I had no idea something like that exists. Happen to have a link to the one you did? I'd be really interested in trying something like that.
2FA Directory: List of websites and whether or not they support 2FA
For quite some time now (many months, maybe a year or two) I've noticed that when searching for something rather obscure, when there aren't many relevant results, google search nonetheless returns pages full of sort-of relevant looking results which all redirect to some form of spam or malware site. The malicious results are always ranked below any legit results but they are almost always there at the end of page one. For sufficiently obscure search then the crap can fill even the majority of the first page.

The commonality is that they seem to keyword stuff obscure keywords and even phrases (possibly by randomly brute forcing or re-combining text fragments into synthesized sentences.) and they all redirect one or more times, prevent the back button from working and land on some kind of suspicious page that is almost certainly hosting some kind of malware. The only way out is to close the tab and start over. I'd imagine things would be much worse without ublock installed.
How do you prove that a state-change occurred in a decentralized fashion?