skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Two biggest drivers are 1) massive declines in public support (for public universities, obviously) and 2) more administrators.

Much of the growth in administration is driven by a significant rise in the costs to comply with federal regulation. Those regulations are not bad--it's the cost of complying with things like disability laws, Title IX, etc--but they require collecting and reporting significant amounts of data, and that isn't free.

There's other stuff too; some colleges do have the lazy rivers and fancy dorms, many colleges lose money on their football program, etc. But those aren't the fundamental drivers.

By the way, in case anyone is wondering, the money is definitely NOT going to faculty salaries. Salaries for full-time faculty have been stagnant for decades even though an increasing percentage of classes are taught by poorly-paid adjuncts.
> There are reams of low-grade degrees in which the majority of teaching is in memorization

I have a degree in physics with a minor in literature. I took one upper div lit class a quarter. I never memorized a thing. Instead I read a ton, both assigned and peer review, and wrote a ton, both essays and creative. My lit classes are far more memorable than my physics classes because I learned the skill of communicating my ideas. "Low-grade" creative writing taught me that my ideas will never be conveyed as I hoped; good criticism can be immensely helpful; and rewriting my work is when something truly useful comes together.
It ran on V.23, which was 1200 bits/s down and 75 bits/s up, but could be reversed in case one wanted to upload / type stuff.

Once modems were widespread, it was a lot better to use Minitel emulators on a computer, as one could record and replay sessions after disconnection—a key aspect since most Minitel numbers were billed at premium rates, to allow services to be monetized.

</memories>
What some people do is make U.S. money while they’re young, and then move to a more stable country when they want to settle down
It was. Every time I hear people grumble about criminals walking free (which, admittedly, is infuriating) and that we should be allowed to settle things "like we used to", I think back to how disputes between families could be so bitter that you might not even be able to leave your own home. And these disputes could last for generations.

Rule of law certainly has its benefits.
>. I would postpone college until the COVID issues died down

What would you do instead?
By that logic there should be much more outrage about credit card debt, car loan debt.
Federal Reserve Vice Chair Richard Clarida becomes third to resign after (cont)
We have vaccines now, we aren't in the same situation as the beginning of the pandemic.

The purpose of the lockdown wasn't to prevent deaths, it was to prevent the hospital systems collapsing.
No they're not. They're using the word "output" to mean "back into the HTML".

"So the better approach is to store whatever name the user enters verbatim, and then have the template system HTML-escape when outputting HTML, or properly escape JSON when outputting JSON and JavaScript."
AWS Superglue Vulnerability
I'm not commenting on the need or efficacy of COVID restrictions either way, just their positive effect towards promoting remote work.
These are for college, not high school.

Private high school costs have gone up as fast or faster than college. This cannot be explained by the availability of federal loans.
Why I use a debugger
I went to UIUC and paid ~$6k / year in-state (not including living costs). That has now increased dramatically to ~$20k/year. And, obviously, you still have to pay for living costs while you're a student and the part-time jobs typically available to you don't pay very much.
How much money would you personally be willing to lend to a high school senior with no collateral, no credit, and no job who plans to study for 4 years and then file for bankruptcy?

That’s why they’re not discharged in bankruptcy: to make them possible to be made en masse.
this is the blog post from noyb (the organisation who made the complaint):
https://noyb.eu/de/oesterr-dsb-eu-us-datenuebermittlung-goog...

pdf in english: https://noyb.eu/sites/default/files/2022-01/E-DSB%20-%20Goog...
I'm confused as to why they're inventing a new term to describe what you can already do with regular batteries. Heck even with permanently installed batteries, just plug a nintendo switch into your macbook over USB-C and guess which one will charge.
The only real way to have not "given up" with such an infectious disease that is contagious without being symptomatic would to have been to go the China route of hard lockdowns + privacy crushing contact tracing and enforced curfews. Which, of course, practically no one would support unless the disease were far more deadly to people without comorbidities.

And even then you'd have to consider the serious long-term health affects that a multi-year hard lockdown would have on people.
Most of the comments here are attributing this to costs, but that isn't clearly true (at all) from the article. This seems to be the result of a long term downward trend in enrollment which has rapidly accelerated during the pandemic. The fact that it has accelerated so rapidly during the pandemic is not likely due to costs, but due to other factors.

The article itself posits that it is tangentially related to costs as kids are choosing to work rather than pay for school. However, that association feels pretty shaky and doesn't hold up to scrutiny as to why these changes accelerated so rapidly during the pandemic.

I don't have a data-driven answer, either. However, my guess would be that students are uninterested in an online college experience and don't see the value in spending to attend a lucrative school so that they can then sit at home on their laptop. If I had to bet I would guess that enrollment ticks back once all these restrictions are abandoned.
The riskiest years are the first few after retirement. I.e., your skills should still be pretty relevant, even if you go full luddite in retirement.

I would also love to work 3 days a week, but no employer I've encountered is interested in this.
this is a conscious calculation to attract alumni donations — people who are into their college teams donate more than others, and even more when the teams do well
It's only fascinating if you ignore the huge differences like widespread availability of safe and effective vaccines, omicron vs. original strain etc.
Should get marginally faster every 10 clicks...
Free money wise
I don't think the parent was suggesting that the individual developer has a personal desire to build a compiler for the fun of it.

It's much wiser and far easier (assuming your goal is to have a successful career and run a profitable business) if you Keep It Simple, Stupid! Building a compiler/database/CMS/ERP instead of using an off-the-shelf one is, for well-selected business problems, a bad decision, increasing complexity, adding risk, and allowing scope creep.

But sometimes, in spite of your efforts to adhere to the KISS principle, the real world is hairy and some complicated new problems need complicated innovative solutions, and instead of turning a crank to glue together some off-the-shelf libraries, you'll find yourself, in my particular example, way off in the deep end getting PCBs manufactured or, in the article, writing your own compiler. It's not bad, it just means you've got a niche problem to solve! Or that sales did a terrible job of understanding what they were offering, and something basically equivalent to the customer is just an off-the-shelf Wordpress plugin, but instead you're stuck writing a custom CMS.
> California's reliance on state income taxes over property taxes should help soften the blow

Assuming someone leaving the Bay Area will go elsewhere in California. And even if they move to e.g. Sacramento, why would their tax dollars continue going to the Bay? Their votes moved with them.
A strong content security policy also helps with xss
Reminds me a hamster game from back in the gay - the hamster would go in a loop.
The person studying gay romances in 14th century literature is probably a PhD student with a stipend and full tuition remission. They're getting subsidized by MBA tuition dollars, not by loans.
in addition to cost, there is also a feeling I didn't get ANY value from the curriculum. Some majors are great but many give you 0 skills for the real world. I majored in communications cause I had no idea what I wanted to do in life. By the time I figured out I loved software, I had graduated.

The best lessons I learned in college were off campus and developing my social skills (which is important).
Work Is Work (2020)
Administration salaries and buildings. Just because that new building cost $200M, it doesn’t mean the guy’s name who’s on it donated all of that.

Where football coaches have very large salaries (EDIT: compared to peer schools), those salaries are paid by athletic department revenue and boosters.
Uni-app: Framework to make cross-platform apps using Vuejs
8 hour take-home ? Shesh that's terrible.
Instead of sanitizing input you create unsafe datastore which might be used in other applications later. Do it as soon as possible.
If I understood you correctly, you're describing the efficiency-resilience problem: A system that is efficient is highly specialised for their environment, and thus susceptible to failure if the environment changes; a system that is resilient will not be as efficient, but can adapt to a changing environment.

This seems to apply to all kinds of things - people, organisations, software, religions.

I guess as often in live, balance is important here :)
Yes, exactly. One way to help college-age kids go to college if they want to without having the impact that you describe is to just give everybody ages 18-22 $20k per year in cash to do what they like with it. This still preserves their incentive to choose wisely, compare prices and consider alternate options.
Another perspective to consider is that the best talent in those countries (specifically China and India) are not going to these consulting firms.

China in particular have large tech companies (e.g. tiktok) that offer pays that almost matches the US, which skimmed the best engineers away from these contracting jobs.
No, I’m just saying at some point your reputation should precede you, otherwise what have you been doing for 20 years?
I wasn't aware of this & looks like worth learning. I was looking ahead to learn Penrose (https://penrose.ink/) for making diagrams in my notes.
It seems obvious, but one would be surprised how often the argument has to be made.

Though the real argument is that Tableau Workbooks, Alteryx ETL-graph-things, and the whole panoply of opaque propriety formats that contain, in their heart of hearts, a bunch of SQL are also themselves "code" and deserve the same testing, source control, code review, and deployment practices as the rest.
I think what makes this hard for folks is tracking what the expected form of data is at each step of its lifecycle, especially considering people working with new and unfamiliar codebases or splitting focus on multiple projects.

There are some frameworks that try using types to solve the problem. Alternatively, the developers could throw in a comment that looks something like:

// client == submits raw data ==> web_server == inserts raw data (param. sql stmt) ==> db_server ==> returns query with raw data ==> our_function == returns html-escaped data ==> client
with federally backed student loans the US government has told universities here they can charge as much as they want.
'20 weeks of emailing experts' and 'an undergraduate CS degree' do not count as 'credentials'.
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Creates Largest 3D Map of the Cosmos
It may seem right now like someone who did a 9-week bootcamp is in the same place as you, but the differences will start to show up after a few years. I have degrees in both CS and Math, and I often say that I got the most benefit from my CS degree in the first ~5 years of my career, and from my Math degree since then. The tech your buddy learned in bootcamp will get stale and he'll have to start over; meanwhile your deeper level of knowledge will help you contribute to the development of the next era of whatever you're working on. This is assuming other factors are roughly equal; of course if your buddy spends more time on self-learning than you, this might not come true.
My freshman biology teacher was extradited to Australia and jailed for this, although I did not suffer any abuse. The church knew of his behavior and moved him around rather than dealing with the problem, and this definitely clouds my view of the Catholic church. Given the topic, their entire organization is a patriarchy.

It's hard for me to read because it is difficult to picture these girls being abused, knowing that my wife and daughters could very likely have to deal with this during their lifetime. It's just depressing.
Founder/CEO of Second Life has returned for another shot at the metaverse
The department of education in the USA kind of does that too. The amount of government-backed loans a student can receive for undergrad is capped at ~$35,000 (it's unlimited for graduate school). It's also graduated, so a freshman can only receive ~$4,000 their first year, and it goes up from there. Grants are given to freshman to cover the shortfall. Also, students/parents are expected to contribute, based on household income.

Most public state schools keep their pricing in line with these caps ($35k in loans + ~$5k in grants). I just picked on Iowa because, and here's a list I found:

https://www.universityreview.org/iowa-colleges/

You'll notice that in-state tuition for all public state schools is around $8k a year. Here's the same for Tennessee:

https://www.universityreview.org/tennessee-colleges/
This is unsurprising, the network of trust I'm describing at Google isn't large while the company is huge (~27,000 engineers). Additionally, bypassing the interviews expends cultural capital, so you'd expect those who can make it happen to not usually do so. If I haven't been lied to, at least one person in the last few years joined as an IC without the standard interview process because someone near the very top of the org chart said they absolutely needed him on their team ASAP.
2021 was world’s 6th-warmest year on record
I did web design and hosting for several in the early 2000's back in the web 1.0 days. Don't wait on the customer to meet deadlines. I'd ask the customer to give me something for their 'about us' page, and it would never happen. So I just started writing them myself. It worked out much better.

Also don't leave anything to chance. Lay everything out explicitly. When the work is done, and they agree, then let them know that everything after this point is billable. Sign on it. You will get nickel and dimed to death otherwise!

Lastly: https://theoatmeal.com/comics/design_hell <-- truth.
You get 5 points if you tap twice within 0.5 seconds, and 2 if the interval is within 1 second. The source code is very readable.

this.score = this.score + (tapInterval < 500 ? 5 : tapInterval < 1000 ? 2 : 1);
>running enterprsie/dc hardware in a homelab is vastly different from running it in production.

This applies to all of software. Enterprise and "home" diverged quite a lot. Back in the 2000s running a webserver at home was roughly similar to doing it for a company. Nowadays they are nothing alike with all the load balancing, caching etc. etc.
Sports are generally separate from the rest of the university budget. It's not tuition dollars that are paying the coach, it's season tickets, TV contracts, and donors. Men's football/basketball makes obscene money for the big schools, and the little schools get paid to be beat up by the big schools. The reports that sports don't make money are like how movies don't make money, it's largely creative accounting not actual losses.
10%? It's sickening if it's true. If building more prisons is what is needed to deal with this actual pandemic, then I guess we should start building prisons.
The esteemed Google monorepo. Piper is a beautiful thing. Trunk-based development with rapid CI/CD. Everyone with access is essentially a knowledge worker and can create DAG-like data pipelines with their SQL code. There is no data team—they are all data team. They also have access to SQL macros and functions that have a global scope and evolves over time as more and more people build. Couples with a high performing database called F1, this is the secret to their success.
Market forces keep things cheap.
Government services or government granted monopolies that prohibit competition can be extremely expensive and low quality since there is no incentive to compete and improve quality and or prices.
I feel like this easily could have been addressed to a much younger version of myself on a particular project more than a decade ago (~12 years). My story happened in the early days of SPARQL, when SPARQUl (SPARQL Update Language) was very new, a draft, and definitely not merged into SPARQL yet. Oh, and dinosaurs roamed the earth. That last is from my daughter.

My project involved semi-autonomous software agents that each maintained a model of one aspect of a thing being monitored by different types of sensors. Agents were divided into nerves, and brains. The model maintained by a nerve was of a limited aspect, containing explicit, semantic representations of sensor reported values. The models maintained by brain agents were implicit, derived from one or both of two stages of constrained semantic reasoning (closed world model, and some other constraints).

Some nerve agents did the first stage of semantic reasoning, more simplistic using description logic programming rules encoded into the model. The results were stored into the model so that they, and parts of the more complex aggregate models derived from them up the chain, could be removed on the next pass.

Brain agents did a second pass of semantic reasoning. This pass is where the 'You have implemented a compiler' comes in.

That pass used rules encoded in human readable form. We looked at CWM for our rules, but that didn't have enough expressivity and didn't mesh well with some other tools we had.

We encoded the rules a format we created, called Sparql++. It had SPARQL, SPARQL Update Language, for loops, while loops, variables, and macros. Our code took the rules and put them into an intermediate form, then translated that intermediate form to EulerSharp rules and ran them, then injected the results into our model. The intermediate form and EulerSharp rules were saved so parts that hadn't changed didn't generate new EulerSharp rules.

It was ungainly. It worked well. And it was effectively a compiler.
_Some_ sanitisation is fine. For instance, stripping leading and trailing space in some fields, case normalisation, automatic insertion of spaces in credit card numbers, that kind of thing. That is to say, you should sanitise as an affordance to the user. Given the choice between presenting an error to the user and automatic sanitisation, the latter is preferable. It's something that should be done carefully, but it's still good.

Thoughtless sanitisation is a whole different kettle.
Some YouTubers outright say it increases views. Given that some of them make a living out of this and that I'd rather keep seeing their content, I can live with some pandering to the algorithm/trends in thumbnails.
I remember reading a while back something like, "It used to be that you could mostly pay for college with a summer job. Today, the only summer job that could pay for college is being Elon Musk."
Buildings are traditionally paid for by a benefactor who gets their name on it. And the school often ends up with higher costs as a result (and one less parking lot or green area). Such donors are kind of a mixed bag.
German Wikipedia refers to this authority as "closely watched" for abuse by public officials; there being reports of such abuse, but only a few of them; and it being a "mostly symbolic" right. There are fifteen cases of killings known to us, and in almost all of them, the punishment would also have been due to other legal constructs.

None of this contradicts anything you said, I'm just adding some context. Roman heads of family obviously weren't habitually killing relatives all the time.

https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patria_Potestas
To be honest I don't know any short articles that do a good job of describing Prolog.

For a practically-minded programmer, I'd recommend this longer tutorial that guides you through the creation of an old-skewl text-based adventure game:

https://amzi.com/AdventureInProlog/apreface.php

As far as I remember, the tutorial should run on most Prologs without (significant?) modification.

For a more in-depth, high-level, more computer-sciency view try Marcus Triska's pages:

https://www.metalevel.at/prolog

Marcus Triska is also the author of several constraint logic programming libraries, for example:

https://www.swi-prolog.org/man/clpfd.html

Then, there's a number of textbooks. The classics are Clockin and Mellish and Bratko:

Programming in Prolog (Fifth Edition):

https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/classes/cs372/spring15/Programmi...

Prolog programing for AI

https://archive.org/details/prologprogrammin0000brat

I personally really enjoyed this book by George Luger:

AI Algorithms, Data Structures and Idioms in Prolog, Lisp and Java

https://www.cs.fsu.edu/~cap5605/Luger_Supplementary_Text.pdf

For the theory behind DCGs, there's Pereira and Shieber:

Prolog and Natural Language Analysis

http://www.mtome.com/Publications/PNLA/prolog-digital.pdf

And for logic programming theory in general, the seminal source is J. W. Lloyd:

Foundations of logic progamming

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-83189-8

Unfortunately, I can't recommend any newer texbooks.
> It doesn't have to be efficient, or flexible, it just has to do the job. Later you can change and/or improve it if need be.

I think the reality, though, is that that day never comes. Usually if something works, it will never be replaced. So the real trick is writing something that finds a perfect balance between "just works" and "elegant/aesthetic/maintainable/readable".
Networking is a non technical skill. Hard to say how well it correlates.
> What will the European free web look like if it cannot be monetized anymore?

What's analytics got to do with monetization?
If I'm reviewing code and someone is implementing escaping that's an immediate, massive, red flag. It's SO HARD to get right and there are many MANY libraries for doing it correctly. The scary thing is how many bugs still make it into these libraries.

Strongly prefer using an established library and see designs such as https://web.dev/trusted-types.
Well, one of the two cited references have diversity in their article several times. I don't know how to sift through the BLS reference.

Is there any indication that sentence needs a citation more than other claims and assertions? Is there something about the idea that an overly homogenous workplace leads to (or attracts) people with less decency and politeness?
Tbf, this is the fault of network people, not the poor support guys left holding the bag of shit. The whole stack is still dangerous and obscure, 25 years after the internet went mainstream. UPnP was an effort at simplifying the situation and seems to have failed, so now we're back trying to teach IT toddlers to spell "characteristic" when they don't even know the ABC (nor do they care about it). It's inevitable that shortcuts will be taken.
The 3rd calendar year into this this, I'm willing to make that sacrifice. Everyone who wants to be vaccinated is vaccinated. Young people will overwhelmingly be fine. The old should make sacrifices for the young, not the other way around.