skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Don't believe the lies they say about fiat currencies in crypto circles. Currency is way more complicated than they lead you to believe.

After all fractional reserve banking has existed since before currency did. And if you have fractional reserve banking you aren't "back up by something" unless you count the credit of the bank as something. Given that is the literal definition of fiat currency (backed by the full faith and credit of the United States) that means that it is way more complicated than the gold standard.

To give a modern example (the gold standard no longer exists anywhere) many countries have a fixed currency backed by the USD. Since fractional reserve banking is a thing there too it isn't like the country is holding onto $1 USD for every $1 USD equivalent of currency. However it isn't like there isn't a relationship so the source of that relationship is government exchange. You can exchange $1 USD equivalent of currency for $1 USD.

Now we get to the real wrinkle. How can countries have higher inflation than the USD if they are locked with USD? (Which they objectively have) By simply restricting the amount of currency that can be exchanged for USD. This can be hand waved around pretty easy "we have a shortage" or "it is difficult to obtain that much". Now you have a fiat currency in reality but technically it is a backed currency.

To be clear it isn't like ditching the gold standard was without downsides, this is just long enough to point out that broad statements like "backed by anything" fail to account for the reality of backed currencies in a modern financial system.
I borrowed against my crypto for USD/USDC and used it to buy a MacBook and pay my tuition. The underlying coins appreciated and earned interest in addition to negative APR (this is all programmatic; the contract will give the best interest rate the market supports) on the loan itself, so I ended up paying back less than I put in.

Keep in mind: I am not in any way rich and paying out of pocket or taking a loan would have strained both me and my parents.
A truly intelligent machine would hand the test back to the instructor, saying:

"Nice try, but I think you need to edit these questions a bit more carefully. Now if you'll excuse me, I'd like to treat myself to an early recess."
"others"
Similar question was just asked during press conference and the answer was "telescope is cooling a bit faster than we simulated but it is not a significant difference, it might be ready one or two days ahead of current estimation".

Current timeline is for getting all 4 cameras to work, but I think only one needs cryogenic cooling, other 3 could work with just sunshield. In another answer one of the engineers said that first images will be released once telescope is fully operational (aka all 4 instruments cooled down).
I'll take a moment to mention that policies like this are something that only people in relatively secure countries with firm rule of law and reliable police would applaud. I shiver to think of fully public tax records in any nation where organized crime, kidnapping, corrupt police/prosecutors and general criminality are common.
Ask HN: Is perception that YC has been taken over by MBAs correct?
After some observations and reading some posts, I realized that I now believe that YC as of now is mostly ran (i.e. companies that get selected, people getting hired on YC team, evaluations, etc) are mostly done by biz/mba type of people, which is perhaps in contrast to past where selection and other things were done by people with more of a technical background.

Would you say this statement is mostly accurate?
Not sure what you’re asking about. If Systemd didn’t start it, Systemd doesn’t manage it. Nothing strange about that…? Systemd does not start all the Kubernetes stuff.

k3s could stop everything, but it doesn’t. It’s a design decision.
not sure about 1, but it already orients itself using reaction wheels, which are basically what you are describing with 2.

The issue is that its position at the lagrange point L2 is an unstable equilibrium, which requires occasional adjustment using thrusters. In terms of gravitational potential energy, its position in space is a saddle point, not a local minimum.
it's kind of like locked bootloaders and pentalobe screwdrivers for organizing a unix system where most users were used to easy to inspect and modify scripts and single purpose programs .

yes, it's still open source, but modifications and inspection are far more complicated creating a much higher barrier to entry.

in the earlier days when it was still buggy, even linus himself was screaming about not being able to easily take the case off of pid 1 when it misbehaved.
Education and health care are both subject to Baumol’s cost disease.

“Our incredible supply chains and manufacturing automation have lowered most consumer prices such that we don't really notice inflation…”

What’s your definition of “inflation”? It sounds like it’s something other than purchasing power, which is surprising to me.

“The US gets away with it because of its military”

So do countries with smaller militaries have…less inflation? More? More or less monetary growth? It’d be interesting to see if the data bear out your hypothesis.
Define manage?

If systemd is your init, then it manages everything. It may not manage them at a service level ala systemctl stop, but that's true of pretty much everything. Whether or not k3s brings down everything with it is on k3s. I certainly see why stopping k3s might not stop all dependent processes: it's useful for live upgrades.
Real estate agent checking in here: one of the frequent oddities I see on HN is the number of people who see housing / real estate as one thing. It isn’t - it’s super localized. So just because houses are overpriced for your area or there are a lot of foreclosures in your area, or whatever else might be going on in your area doesn’t mean much about anywhere else. In my market, houses just two blocks from each other can vary significantly in value! So, sure - there probably are markets around the country and world that are in a bubble. There certainly are trends that affect large geographic areas too. But, at the moment there are few asset classes in which to put money and money is cheap. Even if those things change, real estate is historically a good investment depending on your market.
What are you talking about - the bitcoin and ethereum network "service costs" are through the roof and are one of the biggest failures of the network as it was designed.

The service costs are so extremely high for each transaction, and if you don't pay the gas/service fees there's a very high potential that no one will process your transaction.

It's basically highway robbery.

I'm thinking you've never really transacted anything on the bitcoin blockchain?
I can help you with that

If you can tell the President on Christmas Eve "Let's Go Brandon" which means something vulgar and you don't go to jail then you live in a free country

If you are incarcerated in a re-education camp because of your religion then you live in an unfree country
> I didn’t know they could grow in full shade though.

A hike through the woods in southeastern Ohio will make this fact obvious. I miss the area and love coming across a stand of pawpaw in the understory. The leaves are so big. It feels like walking in the jungle. I miss the pawpaw festival in Albany, OH.
correct. the cost of the Bitcoin network, at least in terms of energy is the sum of all the energy spent mining so far. this is also what values the network and makes it secure. it's a very efficient method to convert raw energy into a digital token
Not much news at all, really. More of a roundup of popular clients and utilities.

I suppose that's a reflection of the state of the IRC ecosystem, which is stagnant and slowly dying. The ircv3 project, while well-intentioned, will never result in the revitalization of IRC.

I really like IRC but the ux story is pretty bad by modern standards. Users expect seamless multi device sync, for one. You can achieve a poor facsimile of this with a bnc and a shell account but it's not a great experience.

It's little wonder to me that discord and slack have eaten IRC's lunch, sadly.
> MiAdBlacklistConfig

This again? This is just a redo of the Lithuanian story from a few months ago. The blacklist is to prevent advertisements built into the OS from containing certain blacklisted words. It doesn't censor searches.
This doesn't meet the definition of tokenomics -- which has to do with demand and supply.

See this paper for an example analysis:

https://basicattentiontoken.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/t...
Bingo.

If anything, destroying the Taiwanese fabs would strengthen Chinese chip hegemony.
They've already mentioned having more than the of amount of manoeuvring fuel (or, as we should really be calling it, delta-v) they had planned to have left at this point. Space craft have a limited life time anyway (CCD's wear out, semiconductors are subject to electron migration, solar panels degrade), so having a limited amount of fuel to stay at Sol-Earth L2 is just part of the whole lifetime equation.
Pressure from solar wind will constantly put some torque onto telescope as its center of pressure is offset from center of mass. This torque will be counteracted by reaction wheels but they have maximum rotation speed and need to be unloaded using thrusters periodically.
That’s not correct, someone with a bolt cutter can get any link in the chain and it causes collapse.

Single point of failure doesn’t mean “weakest link”. It means if this one piece (“single point”) fails, the whole system will fail.
Does the Sinclair method have a track record for people who don't drink primarily for pleasure? I find that I already don't typically get a lot of actual pleasure out of drinking; it's mostly a way to help me relax because my baseline anxiety level tends to be pretty high. I don't have the classic "alcoholic" pattern of behavior, but I've done the math and the number definitely needs to go down.

(Please spare me the "ackchyually alcohol makes anxiety worse" spiel. Whatever my problem is, it was there long before I started drinking and has not improved during periods of abstinence.)
I think Anti-US sentiments around these discussions are disingenuous and creates a false impression of understating Chinese censorship while also doing a disservice to criticizing US censorship (Twitter bans, Parlor, etc.) because they’re not operating from the same intent and authority. There are no requests from US gov to censor on Twitter while there are absolute mandates and gag orders to say speak about anything against the CCP in China.

I would like us to focus on one topic at a time, avoid whataboutism and reduce the fog.
Why Google Treats SQL Like Code and You Should Too
But you don’t know which, and others may fail first due to various adverse events (say, random micrometeoroid strike). If any link fails, the whole chain fails.

Contrast a second chain, or double linked chain, so if any link fails the load is not lost.
That's not entirely true. Any reasonably complex system will almost certainly have single points of failure, including airliners. Those single points of failures might be very unlikely, but they are still there. E.g. what if the front fell off?
The cost users are paying is the cost of decentralization. One single entity will always be cheaper than blockchain decentralization, but the cost can be spread across millions or billions of users.

Now if the cost is worth it remains to be seen.
Yes, counterfeiting is a problem. But just to clarify, to solve it - are you proposing we replace US dollar with bitcoin? If you are, have you thought this through? Has anyone? Do you think this will happen in the foreseeable future?
Because in the meantime the Ethereum network has less computing power than a Raspberry Pi while consuming several orders of magnitude more electricity. So it's shitty, expensive, and horribly polluting.
Are we pretending that the US government is gone without a worldwide depression? (To be clear the US isn't alone, any of the major countries disappearing overnight would shock the economic system too hard to make these style what ifs meaningful)

If so it wouldn't stop being valuable for quite a while still, in this hypothetical you would still have years of contracts in terms of USD, not all of which would be renegotiated for tons of reasons. Additionally most foreign trade that historically ran of the USD would want to change to a new world currency but would need to figure out what currency to use.

So lets flip it on its head. What if the mining reward disappeared? Would Bitcoin survive?
stocks: No, prices are just going up. I'd call it inflation caused by rich people who can't spend their money due to Covid. But I expect the higher prices to stick.

crypto: Yes, for sure there are lots of ponzi schemes and BTC/ETH will eventually drop back to sane levels while NFTs/web3 go bust.

dotcom: No, software really is eating the world. Did you notice how much shit Facebook / Google / Apple / Amazon / Microsoft can get away with? They are behaving like the robber oil barons of the past and that's highly profitable, so their high stock prices are "justified". That is, until there's legal action to break them up. But in the current political climate, I predict that won't happen.

housing: No, there just weren't enough new houses built in the past 10 years. That's why prices skyrocketed. The same amount of people are competing for less available houses. This might be a bubble, but it can only burst when lots of new houses are built. So maybe it just won't burst due to NIMBYism.

is the economy is broken? Yes, we're shoving large amounts of money towards the ultra rich while some of our fellow citizens are starving or get financially wrecked by natural disasters like the texas ice / electricity thing.

counter reaction to the Fed printing dollars recklessly in 2020? Yes, that's why crypto and some stocks went up sky high. But as long as it's only rich people blowing their money into shady investments, us regular folks might get off pretty unscathed.

"Fed will go on a printing spree again" I consider that very unlikely. They wanted to kickstart the economic recovery and it worked. So their purpose for printing money has vanished.
What do you mean exactly about refunds, do you mean a merchant can refund without involving a card network?
No, don't downplay it.

Internet censorship is internet censorship. It is unacceptable.

You are being told what you are not allowed to see. The pirate bay has absolutely no material that infringes any copyright holder -- it hosts magnet links and comments.
Infohash's identify content in a torrent and permit resolution of the files via trackers and DHT.

If someone chooses to use these magnet links to resolve and download bytes of copyright material, that's on them. TPB is an archive of hashes.

'Western countries' that prevent their citizens from viewing hashes is pre-crime enforcement.
Do not accept this.
Crypto provides extraordinary meaning to many people in society compared to other currency. Argentinian freelancers use it to get paid, for instance due to systemic issues with financial transaction in their country.

One big one to me is buying precious metals online with <30 minute clearing time without paying credit card fees. Literally nothing else I can find accomplishes that; I didn't even set out to use crypto for that purpose it just happened to be the best way to do it in my circumstance.

>lives are meaningfully improved by increasing the temperature to closer to 70-72.

Well I could say "nuh uh" and then you could say about bitcoin "nuh uh" but then we'd both merely be saying the other's use of energy consumption is bad. If you have an issue with making sure every bit of electricity is only used for necessities, why don't you go out and say that or explain how you want to make sure externalities are paid for by power consumers. Singling out bitcoin by people living near room temperature with aid of heating/cooling is just hypocrisy.
How Signal is playing with fire
> If it is opt in, it is a choice

But you know that it will be enabled by default by the packages they give to OEMs, or "accidentally" in every update or system restart, and will trick less informed or less technical users into enabling it and all sorts of shenanigans like that because that's how these av software companies have been operating for over a decade, at least in the home consumer space.

The only right away to treat these companies is to assume the worst about everything they say and do. Unfortunately they seem to always find a way to do worse than those assumptions. When "they will make a lot of money and/or screw over a lot of users" is the outcome of their statement being a lie, then you should assume their statement is a lie.
Oversold implies there is some intrinsic value in the first place to set some baseline. This is just wishful thinking.
It did start it. For example the k3s process did start a container registry, but it did not stop it. I thought one of the points of systemd was that it would reap parentless processes
> democracy (or the illusion of it) is on the verge of collapse around the globe

I've seen this narrative being spun up lately and I'm unsure what's causing the alarmism.
This feels perhaps like a silly comment, but I have this intuition that the data collected by JWST could prove to be some of the most important ever collected.
Why would we need two? I would think the next one 20+ years from now would hopefully be exponentially better.
As a former DokuWiki user (both pro and privately) the biggest issue is when you want to migrate from DokuWiki.

I managed to migrate my private docs from DokuWiki to markdown but it wasn't easy and it took some manual editing. I'm much happier knowing that it's in Markdown format simply because of the options that opens up for me.
I'd argue the opposite, if the US government ceased to exist, the electrical grids in North America would collapse shortly thereafter, followed by the Internet and Bitcoin. Without the rule of law and threat of prosecution, a massive surge in usage due to theft would overwhelm systems. Without the nuclear status quo and the threat of retaliation, NA would either be glassed or invaded.
Apparently the capitalist imperialist ones?

War is productivity. Wage slavery is freedom. Nationalism is strength.
> not unregulated

What do you mean?

> transactions are not cheap and fast

What do you mean by that? Becauee my transactions were cheap and quick
I _love_ the Rust plugin for Intellij. I have used VSCode a ton as well, but never for Rust. In general, I think Intellij is heads and shoulders above VSCode, but it is possible that 'rust analyzer' makes all the difference (I might check it out sometime).
doh. missed that. guess i wasted 15 seconds checking on etherscan and polygon scan. :-)
Do you accept that the questions are qualitatively different?

I think the first phrasing is asking you to directly use the definition:

f'(x) = \lim_{h\to 0}{{f(x+h) - f(x)} \over h}

And the second phrasing is asking for the application of some more mechanical rules (e.g. the derivative of a constant/power/scaling or the product rule) or for sympy to apply them.

FWIW, this is also not what I would expect ‘University-level mathematics’ to mean. The second meaning fits into high school, at least where I grew up. I was expecting proofs to be honest.
When it takes so long to build, it’s already obsolete by the time it gets launched.

If you made a new one every year, it wouldn’t be so bad of course, but a decade+? Oof.

It was so bad they kept redesigning it mid way through to upgrade things as new discoveries were made, which caused even more delays.
I once had someone send me a decent sum of money using Zelle, but I had no Zelle account. I tried to set one up, CU not supported. Went the Debit route -- Also, in my case, not supported.

After a few phone calls with their customer service department, it was evident that it was not going to work out. ALSO, they had no way to 'refund' that person the sizable amount of money beyond waiting the 2 weeks or so it takes for that money to be 'unclaimed', and thus reverting to the originating account.

So, for 2 weeks, thousands of dollars were 'stuck' in no mans land.

It all resolved out, when the timeframes were hit, and transactions reversed, but it still boggles my mind that they do not have a method beyond this when such cases arise.
I believe in this case it's not 90%.

Much of the cost here was (on the ground) assembly and testing, given the intricate nature of the setup.
Private enterprise providing power and internet would be a massive disaster, this is the reason we have utilities; a cadre of competitors dredging up the shared public space to each erect their own private lines would create a hideous patchwork of incompatible and inefficient infrastructure that would have completely destroyed any possibility for the internet as we know it today.
I don't know if it happens this way any more, but my last Subaru would do the pressurization test about 30 minutes after the car was turned off. Kinda weirded me out the first time I went into the garage and heard what sounded like something in the rear of the car inflating. Turns out that is exactly what it was doing.
Oh wow thanks! I was familiar with Zimmerman's base 32, (z-base-32, https://philzimmermann.com/docs/human-oriented-base-32-encod...) but not Crockford's.

I just added it to the "Other projects" section of my base converter. https://convert.zamicol.com/
TPB is really shady nowadays. They removed the comments from the torrents and silently deleted the database exports of the torrents that they used to share.
Fiddleheads have been linked to cancer pretty conclusively I think. E.g.,

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/fiddlehead-ferns...

I'm pretty supportive of agricultural diversity and native plant consumption and cultivation, and also harvest a lot of wild plants for my own use. But fiddleheads are one thing I no longer eat.
At the end of the day, people need to be able to discover notes if you want these to be useful. Just talking about evergreen notes without offering a way to discover those notes by anyone is useless.
Right, it's TINA. It's not going to pop until there's another place to invest.
Great answer. It prompts a bunch of followup questions!

most DS/ML scientists use ML models that typically don't provide an easy way to estimate uncertainty intervals

Not an DS/ML scientist but a data engineer. The models I've used have been pretty much "slap it into XGBoost with k-fold CV, call it done" — an easy black box. Is there any model or approach you like to estimate uncertainty with similar ease?

I've seen uncertainty interval / quantile regression done using XGBoost, but it isn't out of the box. I've also been trying to learn some Bayesian modeling, but definitely don't feel handy enough to apply it to random problems needing quick answers at work.
You can’t efficiently create hash collisions in a cryptographic hash
Part of the reason is that each telescope has different scientific goals. For example, Hubble is a visible wavelength telescope and we learned a lot from the data it collected and continues to collect. JWST is an infrared telescope designed to see wavelengths that Hubble cannot see, and has a different set of science goals.
Even further - Lehman had a giant book of derivatives. The counterparts to all those trades woke up to a nightmare - you don't even know what your own book looks like if you don't know what % of your positions with a given counterparty are still valid. Imagine the panic.
> Cryptocurrency is probably one of the worst inventions in recent memory

Keep in mind that not all Cryptocurrency use mining. Nano, for example, is zero fee, environmentally friendly coin that is incredibly fast. Bitcoin gets all the talk but there are some great and interesting tech out there. Get yourself a wallet (https://natrium.io/) and I'll send you some so you can try it out.

https://nano.org/