skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This is from PMATH 351 at University of Waterloo. Every pure math student takes the course in 3rd year. Lebesgue integration isn't covered until 4th year, though it is not restricted to R at that point.

I'm sorry you think my comment was intended to be a "flex". I was trying to make a point about university mathematics which is this: at university level students should be going beyond solving simple computational problems. Synthesizing a proof requires a higher level of understanding than the application of a standard problem-solving technique. See Bloom's taxonomy [1] for details.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom's_taxonomy#The_cognitive...
So now we just have to worry about the spacecraft ever losing attitude control, since exposing the telescope and its instruments to sunlight now will permanently damage them.
More manipulation or a dark pattern than abuse.
Media & policy is to blame for it, isn’t it?
Projects to widen freeways face a similar diminishing return. The most value arises from the new capability. Each lane thereafter does not yield linearly increasing returns.
It is all human psychology plays, even Bitcoin, but where Bitcoin is different, and the answer the the parents question is:

Yes, there is zero barrier to creating a new cryptocurrency. Thus, we must look at the effort, or energy that is going into a /cryptoasset/ to determine its subjective value. This token was created in a smart contract and will live forever in the Nodes run by a large cryptocurrency exchange. It cost $16.77 in BNB at the date it was published, now $10.74.

Bitcoin will continue to spend what is now Billions of dollars on energy to secure the blockchain for /at least/ the next 100 years. The only thing securing this token is the goodwill of the nodes that run BSC and the RPC operators that interact with the wallets.

Ethereum is expensive and you shouldn't use it, but that aside, looks like mining the blocks is going down an insane path, with multiple AV vendors shipping ethereum miners in their clients. What a strange time. I do however like the idea of 100s of millions of home PCs mining and distributing the mining revenue, rather than consolidation in large corporate mining operations. Concentration of specialist miners would however be more efficient.

Other EVM chains, all Proof of Stake, with various levels of security exist. The tokens that live on these are just as much at risk of the same kinds of things that could impact BSC.
I'm aware of that. But using those terms is somewhat misleading - modern vehicles use a monocoque chassis, and these castings will be in areas which are routinely damaged in collisions where panels can currently be replaced/repaired by any competent bodyshop. You can usually buy such sections individually, unpick the originals and replace with new ones, returning the vehicle to as-new condition - even when you're a DIY mechanic with suitable equipment.

That won't be the case with castings, and even less so with Tesla given their approach to third-party repairs.
> Prior to this pandemic the layman understanding of a vaccine was that they generally prevented you from “contracting” the disease. You get the shot, you don’t get the disease.

afaik the flu vaccine has for decades been advertised as:

"might not always prevent, but will usually lessen symptoms"

So I'm not sure why people think this is a new thing.
That’s a shallow “article” quoting a single stat from a survey.

Nowhere does it say WHY teens are choosing iPhones. And the discussion just seems to assume it’s iMessage with only supporting anecdotes about its popularity and practically nothing about other possibilities.
I hate the feature and mission creep of systemd and try to use other unixes where I am able; but what you wrote is downright insane.

There were several init replacements in the mainstream before systemd. OSX and Solaris both had their own, and they were as UNIX (officially certified) as you can get.

Also, as long as we're doing non-sequitors; Microsoft is more likely to buy Canonical than they are to buy RedHat or IBM.
A lot of your questions would be answered by reading about proof of work, the bootstrapping problem and economy in general.

There are a lot of shitcoins that are worthless because not enough people agreed they are valuable.

Do dollar bills have any intrinsic value ?
While iPhone users are free to use any messenger they wish, iMessage still has monopolistic properties.

The key one is that it’s very difficult to convince an iMessage group to use a different app. iMessage isn’t even objectively better — in many cases, other messaging platforms have faster, less buggy, more secure iOS apps with more features than iMessage. (Speaking from extensive experience with iMessage and other apps.)

As a result, iMessage has a stranglehold on Apple users because of Apple’s design goals and business decisions. It’s designed to feel like you need to use it for texting someone. It overrides standard protocols (SMS), doesn’t implement new messaging protocols (RCS), and doesn’t allow any other apps to process text messages. So iMessage has a monopoly on the default carrier-based messaging solution on iOS.

And its group lock-in makes it very hard to choose to use an android, since you’ll have to spend a large amount of social capital to get everyone into a different messaging app.

I would not consider iMessage to have monopolistic properties if it did the following:

- Implemented modern carrier messaging protocols, like RCS.

- Had good apps for other platforms, including android and the web.

- Allowed 3rd party apps to handle SMS/RCS.

But iMessage is a huge benefit to Apple because it keeps people locked into the ecosystem. Not because it’s an excellent messenger. That’s why it’s monopolistic.
I don’t mind the green bubble except that it seriously harms readability for me. The green is so bright. I wouldn’t think anything of the “green bubble strategy” if it weren’t for how garish and unreadable the text appears. It’s a questionable decision from a UI/accessibility perspective.
Yep, fixed it, thanks.
Well what is your solution for the common man TODAY then, to do in the meantime before all your dreams of a more equitable or reasonable society come true? You don't seem to like wall street so stocks are out. You've bashed precious metals as not being a net positive. Crypto is out because it makes it makes smoky the bear cry. Dollars have reached a ~7% inflation on CPI and even worst inflation against assets. Most bond yields aren't even reaching inflation rate. Just what the hell am I supposed to do? When will you stop thinking of me as a sinner for doing something, anything, to keep some safety for the wellbeing of my family? Would you think better of me if I shorted USD by taking out a loan and over-extending the hell out of myself to buy property instead? (Nope, can't do that last one because that's financialization.)

Are you gonna be there to personally bail out my whole family if we lose our jobs? Can you withstand that burden? Maybe that makes me evil. At least I don't stay awake at night wondering if I can buy more diapers and milk if I get axed at work tomorrow.

>Well, it's pretty simple really - I'm not a big fan of financialisation.

How do you see as buying precious metals with proceeds of labor being financialization? Do you think the $0.02 financial service cost from the transaction as really being larger than the financial cost of if I had went to the bank and got a big pile of cash, or if I had used a credit card? No, the "financialization" has lessened. The wikipedia article I read states it's a period where debt-to-equity ratios increase and financial services account for increasing share of national income. Explain how buying precious metals without debt is financialization. I can't even get a loan against personal custody of precious metals, if anything it _decreases_ my access to "financialization."

>bitcoin is doing anything good if it is literally just "wall street but with massive energy costs, less regulation, and full of even more scammers and financially illiterate".

I don't think that's the advantage of bitcoin, even if you describe it that way. The advantage of bitcoin is decentralization and lack of centralized trust -- packaged into electronic form.
It was not.

There is strange false history that systemd replaced sysvinit, which occurred only on Debian, because Debian was the last major system to discard sysvinit.

Gentoo had replaced sysvinit with OpenRC in 2006; Fedora and Ubuntu were using Upstart in 2005. systemd primarily replaced Upstart and systems that used Runit or OpenRC tended to have stayed with them.

Frankness be, this false history seems to be crafted in order to compare it with very outdated technology to make it look good. Obviously systemd is better than sysvinit, technology that almost all systems but Debian had discarded long before systemd was even started. The issue is whether it compares favorably to Upstart, runit, and OpenRC, and to the first I would say yes, because Upstart was full of very ugly hacks and didn't deliver it's ambition. In the second two cases, their mode of operation is so different that it's hard to compare. runit was inspired by daemontools and is very simple and effective and works in a very different way from most models of service management; OpenRC is backwards compatible with sysvinit and is essentially a large library so that init scripts typically need nothing more than something such as:

#!/sbin/openrc-run
command=sshd
args="-D"
daemon=no
provides=ssh
after=net

Or something similar to work. I forgot the exact syntax but it works similar to simply assigning some variables and it handles the rest, but it still gives one full access to the shell to use whatever shell functionality one wants.
After reading / watching all the info on this page [1], I find it very hard to imagine even the tiniest reduction in cost in going from 19 insanely complex mirrors to 38, then there's all the insanely complex instruments. It might even be the case that the super specialised and expensive machines that were built to construct the telescope itself wouldn't be able to produce 2 full telescopes without being upgraded / refurbished, hence costing a lot more. Everything about this ambitious project is probably once-off for a very good reason.

[1] https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/observatory/ote/mirrors/in...
"People" who were "Greatest generation" and "Silent generation" adults who lied to us, lied to my face, when they knew it wasn't the truth. Civilian nuclear power (at least terrestrial nuclear power) is, and always was a grift. Initially as a way to keep military nuclear programs going, but later as a grift unto itself by elements of the MIC like GE and Westinghouse who couldn't contain their greed any better than they could radioactive waste.
Wow, I never knew hostas were edible. Now I wonder why we don’t see these at the farmers market. I wonder what effects repeated yearly harvest does to the health of the plant. With asparagus there’s a clear window of opportunity then you let the plant recover for the remainder of the year. Really cool to see this… will research more in the spring!
I remember having manuals printed in the 1980s. The first manual cost $1000 to print, the second one $1. This was with camera-ready copy. Never mind all the cost of writing the manual, proofing it, and formatting it.

When I worked at Boeing, the first forging of a part cost $250,000. The next, just a handful of dollars.

At Boeing, the first airplane gets a ton of testing, as the design is being tested. Airplanes #2 and on only get tested to verify it was built according to the design, at a tiny fraction of the cost of testing #1.
accidents happen and nobody's luck lasts forever ;)
Gold isn't backed up by anything.

If anything, government is a stronger backing than before
My comment is about using one on top of windows defender. Like using Norton in windows 10 seems absolutely pointless

pouring_water_bottle_on_head_in_pool.jpeg

Sometimes it may be useful on a Linux machine, I've heard that hosts are being increasingly targeted
I was thinking of using a jimmy bar to pop the window lock.

I’m a pretty insignificant person without enemies. My risk profile is a crackhead stealing my TV or whatever. A more organized criminal could find a dozen other ways in.
This invites the question: what is the relationship between "technical debt" and the tragedy of the commons?[1]

Open Source doesn't exist in a pure Commons mode at the enterprise; there is usually a mix of open/proprietary code at stake.

The various methodologies (agile/waterfall/&c) seem to dance around a fundamental problem: people don't scale, prioritize, estimate, or react to inputs in any consistent way.

(Agile likes to assume an elite ninja cadre and enlightened customers--great, when one finds them.)

Nor does there seem to be an "answer" pending, except for with the marketing crew.

[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons
Are these 'points of failure' ? not single points of failure? I assume some of these have redundancy but could fail.
Shells do have actual value. In Hawaii all the good ones have been taken from near the shore by now. It's typical to find some pristine ones only a few inches in diameter being sold for thousands.

Anything can have value.
i find it odd that the main issue they found is language proficiency.

i don't think i know a country that offers university entrance exams or tests in a language other than their own. or at least doesn't require proof of proficiency.
Sounds like a ULID that doesn't fit in a UUID column - https://github.com/ulid/spec
The general answer is: through proof of stake.

Since this is HN, you might enjoy this paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/0805.2815 originating from a project called Cardano, which has published dozens of peer reviewed papers (not only on arxiv), presented continuously at EuroCRYPT and works with great academics from “boring” fields (at least to most CS students) such as formal verification.

The main gist in pos (to which Cardano showed the first viable solution that does not have extensive unbonding periods or requires centralized coordination) is that stake pool operators (similar but different to miners in Bitcoin) are chosen randomly to validate the next block based on how much tokens are staked with them. The incentive system to keep these SPOs truthful is outlined in detail in the above mentioned paper.

You basically do not let everyone hunt one complex problem (where all but one miner waste their energy to secure the network) but build a system to chose one to then perform a validation. This decreases energy consumption of the overall network substantially.
>It seems “designed for job security” or more likely designed for consulting revenue.

Exactly this, yes; and that's why it was pushed the way it was.

I dread the day when systemd or an init system just like it consumes the BSD world.
Not sure why you're being downvoted, because Gov. Hochul is complaining about exactly this:

https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/hochul-asks-hospita...

Even Fauci acknowledges it:

https://www.newsweek.com/fauci-children-hospital-covid-omicr...

(yes, this is about hospital admissions and not death certificates, but imo it's not unreasonable to assume this type of reporting has spilled over into everything.)
I see it as a rare, manageable problem.
Does it also conclusively prove that their countermeasures are warranted? https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/sweden-tightens-covid-r...
as opposed to something like a Signal group chat
Reminder: if you see an article reappearing every few months ("suits are in again"), it's very likely pushed by some company's PR department.

Wonder which company might be interested in pushing this story!

Edit: see http://www.paulgraham.com/submarine.html
And if you spent that same 500 W on running a heat pump, you would get the equivalent of about 1000 to 2000 W of resistive heat.
It wasn't owned by Facebook when people decided to use it. Facebook bought it after it became popular.
There are definitely meaningful differences between countries. As an example, Sweden has a much higher percentage of people who care about protecting the rest of the populous; that is, if they’re sick, they tend to stay home on average much more than someone working in the US. (Even pre-COVID). Italy has a higher percentage of older people. Countries have differences. Comparing Sweden to its neighbors is, in fact, the right approach imho.
I understand I could have better communicated my message and thanks for bringing it up.

My point is that none of "us" require anonymity in normal circumstances of using a search engine. But we all absolutely require our privacy respected (and many people still conflate privacy with anonymity).

Kagi is 100% privacy respecting by default, and examples I gave illustrate not only that, but that certain (almost total) level of anonymity can be obtained by Kagi too (because searches are not logged, so they can not be logged with an identity). In a paid service environment where you need to authenticate the user, help them restore their account etc, it is very difficult, I dare say impossible, to achieve total anonymity guarantee from a technical standpoint and I want to be transparent about it.

I think a better sort of guarantee is exactly the one that I gave - our business model does not incentivize and sort of privacy invasive behavior.

> The commitment needs to be "we will never, never, never, ever, do anything like this"

Perhaps you have not read our privacy policy, but this is exactly what is says there, and I took it for granted. This is probably my mistake and I should have assumed that people submitting inquiry will not have read it.

In my mind "there is no need for us to do it" is a much more powerful driving force than simply stating we won't. Stating something is easy but not substantial as witnessed by many big tech companies. The reality is that their business model forces them to twist reality away from privacy statements like those. Our business model does exactly the opposite, and has a positive feedback loop reinforcement in relation with the customer (we cheat you -> you take your wallet elsewhere).

Rereading this very answer I have a feeling it will not be the most satisfying again, so I hope that with your help, we can come to an answer that will satisfy your inquiry.
> Not sure you want to go down that road.

You were the one who brought up the supreme court - a constitutional body - as though they're the ultimate authority. You went down that road. Since that failed spectacularly, I guess it's no surprise that you're trying to abandon it and poison the well behind you.

> Does protecting the tiny fraction of those vulnerable to Covid warrant the vast majority of society giving up their freedoms.

It's not a tiny fraction, and their freedoms are lost otherwise. Why do you keep ignoring that, and them? This isn't just a unilateral loss of freedom; it's a tradeoff. There's even precedent from prior vaccine mandates, suggesting that the amount of freedom gained vs. the amount of freedom lost allows them. You've still failed to provide any basis by which such long standing and universally accepted (hardly any challenges) precedent should be overturned now.

> If two thirds of the population is vaccinated and case counts haven't decreased

The basic math behind that has already been explained to you. Why would you expect anyone to engage further or take you seriously when you just repeat ridiculous claims instead of addressing prior refutations?
Yeah, it's... pretty dumb, IMO.

If we want to talk about technical issues, though, it's pretty stark. MMS delivery and message ordering is significantly less reliable than pretty much any OTT service out there. Message size limitations mean videos get recompressed to garbage when you send them. There are basically no add-on features, like reacting with emoji to messages, for example.

The disappointing thing is that there's a solution to all of this: RCS[0]. Android supports it, but Apple of course loves their iMessage walled garden and refuses to, even though RCS has end-to-end encryption now. iMessage may be technically superior in some ways, and RCS certainly has its issues, but personally I feel interop is much more important here.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Communication_Services
Doubling the data will also double the processing requirements for that data. The observatory is just the remote part of this operation. The data doesn't do squat unless stored, analyzed and interpreted by expensive professionals on expensive equipment.

It's like saying if you're gonna build a chip fab, why not build two while you're at it? Well because the building isn't the operation.
In what way is this forth-like? The opcodes take immediates and registers as arguments, whereas forth-like would be much more stack-based than this, right?
Well, "Well, its more correct than what I came up with" I guess
Binary Fuse Filters: Fast and Smaller Than Xor Filters
Chia iirc, closely related to Filecoin.

I remember stories of how Chia was somehow attributed to why HDD prices skyrocketed or something.
In the nicest way possible, fuck those people. They’ve had plenty of time to get vaccinated. It’s not our responsibility to tip toe around irresponsibility.
At some point can we consider these links to be spam? The majority of HN consider these things to be grifts yet they continue to advertised all day on this forum vs any other sort of obvious scam on the internet.

Or should we also allow posts of phishing sites and other ways of roping people into scams and schemes?
Awesome! I find it really pleasantly surprising when people take time to sit and think about things rather than reacting quickly, so regardless of whether or not I find myself agreeing with whatever conclusions you reach, I appreciate you doing this :)
What is this? Is it tasty?
A bunch of very large bash scripts that were entirely different in each distro, had tons of races and were much slower to boot (one of the reasons why systemd became so popular and there was popular pressure to switch to it is that it would speed up booting by several seconds).

Also upstart, which was actually pretty good, but systemd was more ambitious.
This thing should really ask when your oldest relatives on both your mother’s and father’s side died or what their age is currently, along with basic health conditions like weight, diabetes, hypertension, etc, and what your job/family situation is (kids, no kids, divorced, high stress industry, low stress industry, etc), and debt to income ratio.
WhatsApp and I'd assume lots of other messengers use the number as your identifier, too.
Unhosted Architecture
The Value of Inspiration
Contact was written by a scientist who had no experience whatsoever in building things.
I just got it along with family (both vaxxed and unvaxxed, there was no noticeable difference in symptoms). It was somewhere between a 'common cold' and the flu. Not fun, but definitely not something to panic about (understandably everyone will have a different reaction depending on their current state of health). However, I think we've reached the point of diminishing returns on any sort of intervention (they've all failed). Masking is ineffective, lockdowns and social-distancing are ineffective, and the vaccines are ineffective (at least w.r.t. to preventing transmission). We can continue to tear society apart aiming for a 0% safe zero-covid society (which we will never achieve), or get on with our lives and live with the risk.
Some people want to run their own servers
Would those stocks be denominated in Syrian currency, or something else?

Indeed, as I've said in the past, money is a technology, and different technologies can be applied to different purposes. The "major" world currencies are designed to be used as a temporary store of value, medium of exchange, and instrument of economic policy. Bitcoin could be applied towards different purposes.

>>> There's a lot of value in this though, no?

Sure, a subsidy is by definition a source of value.
The Forever Culture War
Cool concept, but the UI is terrible on desktop.