skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Ask HN: ZFS without ECC RAM, how bad is it really?
There are lots of common misconceptions around ZFS, which I've been able to clarify during my learning to build a RaspberryPi-like NAS box (a ThinkCentre M910 Tiny). For example, a popular myth is that ZFS eats GBs of RAM to work properly, but it turns out that's only true if deduplication is enabled.

But how about not using ECC RAM? (Which my box doesn't support)

The most prominent writeup for this topic is a TrueNAS forums post called "ECC vs non-ECC RAM and ZFS" [1]. The author claims that bad non-ECC RAM will cause an explosion of corrupted files in ZFS systems, much much worse than what could happen on non-ZFS ones.

The post is 8 years old, but the problem still seems relevant today, as just 20 days ago I saw an HN user commenting about how they suffered a similar issue [2].

On the other hand, I've seen comments pointing out that ZFS without ECC RAM is not as bad as it has been implied [3]. Some commenter links to a couple places in HN ([4], [5]) where they debunk the logic behind the corruption scenario given in [1].

I guess a fair question would be: What do you want from your NAS?. What I want is to have a relatively unnattended NAS that I can use for weeks or months as my computer's backup, without it silently corrupting my backup files. If a bad non-ECC RAM stick can cause whole file system corruption during a ZSF scrub, I might prefer running Ext4 with something like hashdeep [6], so I can detect the issue, change the bad RAM, and upload fresh backups to the box.

Comments and anecdotes are appreciated!

[1]: https://www.truenas.com/community/threads/ecc-vs-non-ecc-ram-and-zfs.15449/ (Under What happens when non-ECC RAM goes bad in a ZFS system?)

[2]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29492980

[3]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27553356

[4]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8293025

[5]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14207520

[6]: http://md5deep.sourceforge.net/
It sounds like even if you were you wouldn't care.
Show HN: "Substack for RSS feeds”, built using Clojure and Datomic Ions
What other languages also do this? I know Lua is one.
Doesn't seem much different than when people rail against "the government" or "the media" or any other large collection of human beings.
Old Radiator Is a Pandemic-Fighting Weapon (2020)
Code Reviews in Tech: The Missing Guide
> Every sale is on the blockchain, so if somebody creates multiple sales of the same item, it would immediately be visible

Just use a different private key for each sale.
In this case, developers are in the powerful position to say: "I don't care about your nuclear weapons, pay me or forget it."
I think GvR observed that beginning programmers often got confused when the indentation of their code didn't correspond to the syntactic nesting implied by brackets, etc. They found the indentation to be more salient and easier to interpret, so he designed the language to cater to that.
Walter Benjamin talked about this problem in 1935 [0]. It's particularly an issue with photography as an art form. For instance Jeff Wall's masters are all stored as RAW digital files and displayed as light boxes [1]. Theoretically he could produce an unlimited number of editions of each work, and theoretically anyone working at a record label who had received a copy of the hq file could do the same [2].

What prevents this and maintains the value of the work is that there are legal and social norms enforced through a vast network of institutions (galleries, museums, collectors, art fairs) that ensure that there will never be more than 1 actual edition of the work, or 2 or 3, whatever it is the number never changes after it is set, and minting more editions would be professional suicide, and the network of institutions would never allow or recognize it even if an artist tried it.

Lawrence Lessig's book Code developed the argument that any combination of social norms, legal structures/enforcement, and code or infrastructure can function as law, and sanction or foster certain behaviour and markets. "Code is law" was a clever observation and a bit of a revelation, but the NFT crowd seem to believe that it's enough or that it has more value than the social norms and contract law of the existing art world. It's engineering mindset hubris.

There's an attempt now to work social norms into the NFT space and enforce etiquette around "right-clicking", but convincing collectors of paintings that they could continue to collect photography was less of a challenge than convincing generations raised on BitTorrent, DRM wars, and authorless memes to introduce false scarcity into online digital abundance.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Work_of_Art_in_the_Age_of_...
[1] https://artblart.com/tag/transparency-in-light-box/
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Destroyed_Room:_B-Sides_an...
Have you seen the one with Matt Damon hawking a crypto site? How much must it cost to get someone of his caliber to star in your commercial?
My first true language was learning C in college, I'd definitely do that again. When I switched to CS everything was scheme (lisp) based which I actually preferred to Python and later on was mostly Java based. I still hate Java but it's gotten me through interview / interview screens so I'm okay with it now.

For me, first language should be strict and not too loose with the rules (so not python). Once you've got the rules down and understand why they are there / why certain languages use those constructs - build from there.

But take all of this with a grain of salt because I was a very distracted student more interested in working for startups during college than graduating with a nice GPA ;)
Thanks, appreciate it.
An interesting quote I heard was something along the lines of: any action you take that doesn't cost fees on your wallet is probably not actually running on web3. A lot of stuff you see is just pretending to be web3 but not actually decentralized.
The problem of how to associate a NFT with a physical object is a different one from the transfer/spending problem.

I think that is the "minting" problem.

An artist simply signing stuff does not even prove that a physical object corresponding to the token exists.

I like to think of other use cases, like real estate or stock options. If you talk about a plot of land, it seems feasible to find a unique identifier (you could even involve the government).

Edit: HN does not allow me any more replies right now, so I have to leave it at that.
The reason why a "government signature on the deed" would achieve the same thing is because we trust on the government to keep a proper ledger. And the government asks for a lot of money for a transfer.
> Wasn't it mounted on the plane dash, and he took it with him when he bailed?

I had the exact same thought. If you look at 3m53s in the video, he has both a camera in his hand and the other GoPro remains on the dash.

> Is this because he is already a skydiver and/or was going paragliding (is this the same rig? Another thing I don't know). Would it make sense that this is just "what he has," as opposed to owning both a bail out and a sky diving kit?

Another set of comments discuss that traditionally pilots who might consider using a parachute generally bring a different type of parachute on board, and not one that would be used by normal skydivers: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29730298
I was going to suggest the Blue Man Group, but then remembered they are percussive instruments.
That sounds like an incident, not an accident. They are treated differently.

> [1] Aircraft accident means an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and all such persons have disembarked, and in which any person suffers death or serious injury, or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage.

Substantial damage is then defined as:

> Substantial damage means damage or failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component. Engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is damaged, bent fairings or cowling, dented skin, small punctured holes in the skin or fabric, ground damage to rotor or propeller blades, and damage to landing gear, wheels, tires, flaps, engine accessories, brakes, or wingtips are not considered substantial damage for the purpose of this part.

[1] https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/830.2
Cursory Googling gives:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Strange_(adventurer)

The pilot mentions snowboarding and such, seems plausible it was this man. Then again he’s a California extreme sports type so might just well be some commonly named punker friend. In that world “Johnny $FAKE_NAME” is a trope.
My first thought was to do a quick vote if maybe we could revoke their license to use the software.
If you want to go maverick, why not LISP?
That clause would hurt freedom 0: the freedom to user the software for whatever you want.
The science on cloth masks is pretty settled - they are ineffective at preventing covid transmission.

Huge study by pro-masking people at Stanford and Yale, N=350,000:
https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2021/09/surgical-mask...

Cloth masks had no statistically significant effect on the transmission of covid. There is good news though - a 20% increase in masking with surgical masks resulted in a 10% decrease in transmission.

You should consider cloth masks to be purely psychological protection.
The previous CEOs were also paid to do that job, so yes, it’s extremely strange when people point to Mayer as the problem with Yahoo and not, say, Koogle or Semel, who presided over a decade of bad decisions.

It’s like Mayer was brought in to manage a burning building and everyone acts like she’s incompetent because the fire department couldn’t save what was left.

(P.S. Microsoft was not actually in decline under Ballmer by sane metrics. Microsoft revenue had been climbing consistently. Stock was flat for a very long time though.)
Links from the question: (I didn't realize they wouldn't render as clickable links in the question text)

[1]: https://www.truenas.com/community/threads/ecc-vs-non-ecc-ram... (Under "What happens when non-ECC RAM goes bad in a ZFS system?")

[2]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29492980

[3]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27553356

[4]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8293025

[5]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14207520

[6]: http://md5deep.sourceforge.net/
As sibling reply said, while peltier elements are technically heat pumps they're not the kind that's used in home heating.

There are two things that make them much more efficient in terms of GHG than other kinds of heating:

- Using central electricity generation means using more efficient combustion. Where I live most heating is done by gas and it is extremely inefficient compared to even a gas power plant. This is why we use central electricity generation to begin with; everyone running their own generator would be extremely bad for the environment. Even if it was 1:1 generated energy input to heat it would still be better for the environment for me to be using that generated electricity than directly buring gas in my home. Also as you allude to but dismiss, much of the electricity cost can be offset by using solar or wind directly at site, and it's likely that eventually most central generation will switch off GHG emitters and if/when it does you will automatically go with it.

- Heat pumps with a refrigerant cycle don't use 1:1 energy input to heat produced. They're moving energy, not producing it as burning, resistive, or even thermoelectric do. So long as conditions are right, heat pumps only use a fraction of the energy they bring into your home. So the efficiency gains are compounding here.

At any rate, it's simply not feasible to convert all heating to wood burning, even if it is efficient. As the article points out the last time this was done they basically caused intense deforestation and likely there were climate effects from that. The idea that now, with several billion more people on the planet, we can do it again but get it right this time is absurd. We will never be able to plant trees on the scale necessary to do this, never mind the transportation costs (in terms of both environmental and monetary) of shipping a bunch of wood around to homes all over the place to keep them heated.

At any rate, we're likely to start needing tech like heat pumps a lot more as climate change accelerates. There are parts of the planet that are likely to become basically unliveable without AC soon, and as the heat dome last year showed even 'cold' areas are likely to start experiencing heat levels they're unable to really manage (up here in the north we build homes to hold heat in. Guess what that's like in a heat dome).
Using the transaction API for modifications, and ordinary fault tolerance measures for the hosting application. It is no more difficult than any other app-foundation technical feature.
Not every aircraft crash is an aircraft accident.

The definition of an aircraft accident is a matter of federal law: https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/830.2

An aircraft crash where the aircraft suffers minor damage and no one is seriously injured is, by definition, not an aircraft accident, but rather an incident. (This incident is definitely an aircraft accident, of course, whether or not it was accidental. :) )

There is prior art for non-accidental plane crashes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhoxaJTzPu4
Honestly I have found that the iPad is great for older folks for this reason. Not to be an Apple shill, but I've found that things like bricked devices after an update don't happen basically ever.
> With web3, there is no deplatforming, no moderation, no accountability

A collection of NFTs got deplatformed, moderated, and even accepted accountability yesterday

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29714296
And we know she didn't because of: fact-checking.

Media follies ought not be conflated with fact-checking in abstract.
Salvador Dali: An artist who changed how we think about cats - https://artsy-media-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/jy1Wk1BhRZNy0TR...
"Oh, well, you shouldn't have spent all your money at the nuclear bomb depot. If you'd saved a million dollars for lil 'ol me, I'd surely help."
Are you upset about the lack of criminal penalties imposed directly by the FCC? That's mostly just an organizational issue. The FCC isn't law enforcement. They can only impose civil penalties.

Referring the issue to the Justice dept is really the only thing they can do. I think this goes for all independent agencies. Of course, once it's referred over there, it goes in the big tumbler of prioritization for the FBI/US Attorneys.... and I'm not shocked they wouldn't immediately jump on a non-violent, extremely technically complex case.
I still have a crystal clear memory of the time I was out in the practice area with my flight instructor and had what appeared to be a legitimate engine failure. I was all set to land in a stubble field and about 200' agl my instructor reached down and flipped the fuel selector from off to both. Never forgot that step in the checklist since. Learned several valuable lessons that day - practice til you don't miss anything . . . and keep an eye on your instructor :-)
finally someone speaking my language
Is SQLite suitable for a small-to-medium CMS (Content Management System), or a blog platform e.g. WordPress (MySQL) or Ghost (MySQL)?
Réglementation Thermique 2012

It’s a little more complicated. RE 2012 arguably does favor gas, but it does not requires it. However RE 2020 as of 2 days from now changes things back to electricity and for homes under construction is what’s actually in effect.

Sorry, if you’re using outdated information but the industry has moved on.
GPL is a free software license. For a license to be a free software license, it must guarantee the 4 essential freedoms: https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.en.html#four-freedoms
You'll only find that terminology in K&R. The C specification only uses "modulo" to refer to the behavior of unsigned numbers, and uses "remainder" to refer to the behavior of %. This is true of at least several versions of the C standard dating back to 1999, I don't have the C90 spec handy.
Context on who this is: Antivax grifter who did research on mRNA vaccines over 30 years ago. And to bolster his grift, claims to be the inventor. As of right now I think he's still pushing ivermectin.
So when Rust implemented this they chose to leave the % operator like in C and hide the one that is more useful for humans behind `rem_euclid`. This is unfortunate but at least it exists.

The RFC that introduced rem_euclid: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/2169-eucl...
> GPL only emulates abolition of copyright. If a country properly abolishes copyright, GPL has nothing more to do.

I don’t understand your thinking. Currently you can use GPLed code in your derivative works, if you release your changes under the same license. If copyright were abolished you would be able to use any code, but have no requirement to release yours.

Maybe you mean to say that the MIT license emulates abolition of copyright? That’s still not really true, but it’s definitely closer to true.
Another question from someone who knows nothing: What are professional photographers using, like the sports photographers who hang around at the edge of soccer pitches with those enormous telephoto lenses? Are there still "pro DSLRs" or are they using mirrorless or something else?
I am bit confused, what sort of features are missing there? Like any example pictures where you see the impact of microbial life in comparison?

Also confused by the fact that rock looks like its maybe few feet across (admittedly difficult to judge the scale), so the effects and development I would imagine are quite different from large-scale features like discussed in the article, or what I associate terragen with.
Or they do the equivalent of forgetting to update a root CA, orphaning your machine, as happened to a family member of mine.
I'd report it to the FBI, as well.
Phoenix was rotten from concept to post roll-out fuckery. It was broken before a single developer touched a line a code.

Red flags independent of software development finesse or skill:

- Centralized payroll operations to effectively the middle of no where (effectively ensuring that no existing payroll specialists would staff up the new center). Locate operations in the middle of no where to compensate for another government program and center being shut-down.

- Sole source contract. To IBM no less. To customize and configure PeopleSoft. There's literally nothing that sends good vibes in that setup.

- The very concept of running a big bang switch over of like 75% of the federal government to a new payroll system.

- Launched without end to end, full system test

- Launched KNOWING that critical functionality (like retroactive pay) was not implemented, and that critical requirements were failing tests.

- Deciding to roll out despite their new centralized payroll center was already less efficient at handling payroll on legacy systems and that their central assumptions were already being challenged

- Deciding to roll out despite receiving reports from client departments that the initial data transfer into the new system was already significantly incorrect

- Quote: "In our opinion, they had received more than enough information and warning that Phoenix was not ready to be implemented, and therefore, they should not have proceeded as planned. Phoenix executives prioritized meeting schedule and cost over other critical elements, such as functionality and security, resulting in an incomprehensible failure of project management and oversight"

You can read the audit here: https://www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/internet/english/parl_oag_201805_0...

Software is only tangentially related in that the "magic" of software lets people believe that such projects are even possible.
It's what I commonly see on startup fora including HN, reddit, IndieHackers etc. There's books about this method like Lean Startup, Mom Test and so on.

The advice to build first and market later is actually advice that is much maligned in my experience, as there are too many stories of engineers who build and then find out they can't actually sell their product because they focused too much on the building and not enough on getting people to know about it.
Not only that, but every operation would cost fees, right?

Good luck convincing people that every time they logging into their account or literally do any action will cost them some fees. Refreshed the page? Oops that'll cost ya!
OT: What a great website! THANKS FOR SHARING.
Mainstream adoption is independent if the app is centralized or not. You are ignoring the people who use Netflix, TikTok, Instagram, etc. People care about the brand offering not if they are decentralized or not.
Wikipedia has got a list:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo_operation#In_programmin...
He's a VC, he needs to project that they invest in things that have value. They're part of the grift. I have 0 faith in anything coming out of a VC's office to be beneficial to society. An interesting business? Sure! But in the long run it will not be a good thing.
Accident, Incident and Serious Incident have explicit definitions in civil aviation, and are also graded internally and thus might have different scope of investigation.

A planned landing in terrain, if it caused no injuries but caused enough damage to aircraft to prevent takeoff without repair, would be classified as accident, but its investigation might be very brief depending on the event in question.

Essentially if you have an "occurence", you're required to report it to NTSB, which in turn will grade it and decide if you need even a cursory interview.
I am the author.

> if I had any private data hosted by the author, I would be worried now.

Is an attack on me personally, nothing about the article. The article also took much longer than 30 minutes to 'knock out' - more like 3 hours all in all
While both are Tetris, TGM is very different, and closer to modern Tetris than the NES version.

The NES version is much less forgiving when it comes to rotation, locking, random generator, etc... It also has a single preview, no hold piece and no hard drop. At high level, a major challenge is to move pieces fast enough to reach the sides, including a technique called "hypertapping" where you mash buttons extremely quickly to move the pieces faster instead of just holding a direction.

Modern Tetris is much faster. At high level, you get to "20G" mode, where the pieces drop immediately and you have to rely on the lock delay and rotation system to move pieces around. Later versions introduced T-Spins as an alternative to Tetrises for high scores and attacks in multiplayer.
> I did not enquire about what subsection of the regulations made this requirement or any of the qualifications of equipment.

I'm glad it turned out okay. Personally, I've learned over time that plenty of people will sacrifice my safety or financial risk for their convenience. Now I'm rarely satisfied by them saying "Don't worry, it will be fine. Everyone does is this way." I'm glad that I've learned to stick up for myself under that kind of pressure.
The people who are advocating web3 are not the people who were part of building web1 & web2 (whatever those even mean). They're people who are idealistic & seem to disregard (or are ignorant of) the effort in building infrastructure at scale. Building things is hard. Building things that scale even harder & anybody who has worked at a company that needs to scale knows there are trade-offs between security, centralisation, reliability & making things work for the user in a nice way. Web3 is a moot point until somebody actually brings something real to the party. Otherwise, IMO, it's a hype train.

EDIT: Ironically, web3 also seems to be able to rip the environment a new one. Which is pretty funny given the demographic of its fans.