skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> There are hundred of weaponizable reactors in not really good places of the world.

Usually, a reactor is considered a proliferation problem if it allows you to produce plutonium easily. Getting radioactive material isn't good enough to be a significant security risk, because dirty bombs are much more complicated than conventional explosives, for an impact that isn't significantly bigger.

So a reactor can be a risk if it lets you get plutonium easily (and, specifically, the Pu239 isotope). The other plutonium isotopes are not good weapon material, and so you want to be able to use a reactor that lets you produce material with as much pu239 as possible.

Depending on design, if you can get easy access to the nuclear fuel, you can filter it frequently to retrieve the pu239, before it has a chance to react with another neutron and become one of the bad Pu isotopes.

BWR and PWR reactors are bad for enrichment, because in order to access the fuel, you need to stop the reactor and depressurize the primary cooling circuit, which takes time. On the other hand, if you let the fuel spend a long time in the reactor, you end up with spent fuel that has lots of Pu240 and Pu241, which sucks.

Other types of reactor, like CANDU, RMBK or UNGG reactors let you access the fuel more easily, without shutting down the reactor. Therefore, it is easier and quieter to retrieve the fuel frequently and get the Pu239 before it has time to react again.

That is why some types of reactors are nicer to have if you want to build a bomb: they take less time and would raise less suspicion from other countries to collect the same amount of Pu239.
Currently, most commercial reactors in the world use BWR/PWR technology.

I think that sums up the gist of what it means to make a reactor less proliferation-friendly, and why it's important in order to make that technology more friendly to export.
More than you wanted to know about cheugy

https://linguaholic.com/linguablog/cheugy/
If you're not chasing market share for commercial purposes, do you really want to cater to those who are put off by s-expressions if you personally enjoy them?
Ask HN: Who is matching the 2-to-1 Archive.org donations?
I just received an email about a Archive.org fundraising campaign with 2-to-1 donation matching but I can’t find the list of matching donors or corporations anywhere.
Windows used to make a sound when shutting down too...

This page has the files for the default system sounds for Win95.
https://www.rjgeib.com/about-me/sounds/sounds95.html

You can see that there was a sound when the trash was emptied or when you receive a new mail.

This was really a different, simpler time. Imagine an open space where each computer make a sound each time you receive an email, even with a good spam filter...
I've literally seen someone defecating on the street in the TL. But that's the TL. Elsewhere, yes, it's probably dog.
Delayed headache after Covid-19 vaccination
I live in California where gas is expensive. I kept detailed records for a yr and half. I included all expenses (tires, etc...) and taxes, the depreciation on my car due to the extra miles and the time waiting for a ride (which wasn't much), then I came up with $6 an hour. More tips would have been nice. Drivers who make a living at it drive long hours.
Except that RSUs that will mature 4 years from now will be granted today, so you have 4 years of potential appreciation even if you don’t have the money to buy those securities today. It’s quite difficult to replicate the same strategy without taking significantly more risk (i.e. margin), and it’s a big driver in why tech comps have been huge on average, because by the time shares vest they have already ballooned.
Bitcoin is unlikely to have a 5,000 year lifespan because unlike gold it can be obsoleted.
Related question: I find it incredibly stupid that LastPass makes it so difficult to see your complete account login history. The "View Account History" table is beyond awful - beyond making it to filter for, example, failed login attempts, it is limited to 1 page and doesn't let you paginate, at least in my browser. Am I missing something?
> Dude please proof read. I walk into an article making a statement and the very second sentence has errors like this, you're losing credibility.

Your first sentence has punctuation errors, and your second sentence it littered with grammatical errors...
The difference is that a game company could just sell gold directly. If music creation could be automated so easily we'd probably do that too.
Depends on what you think of the business. If Spotify goes down you're looking for a new job and all your stock blows up. If Apple closes music, you'll have a reasonable chance of getting an internal transfer, and the stock will still be there. Risk/reward assessment as usual.
I don't trust LastPass or practically anyone else to be 100% secure. I use keypass, and store the file somewhere I can access remotely (online file storage) then can access it via my phone. If someone hacks your file storage account, they still can't access your passwords. The master password can be as complex or composite as possible and you never enter it into anything except the secure screen in keypass. There are some neat plugins for keypass too.

TL;DR keepass can do everything lastpass does, while you still hold all the keys and the data.
Then why not use Firefox's built-in password manager? I thought my question should automatically generalize to any browser's built-in password manager.
To be fair to LastPass/LogMeIn, they're a company handling a lot of valuable information (passwords/form-fill data/card numbers/notes etc.) - and they're one of the biggest out there.

You'd expect them to be one of the more targeted companies just because of the 'treasure' they hold - hence the more security breaches.
Your examples of LuaTeX have me wondering if I could use it to make a package that internally works by abusing the \minipage environment to make documents that would make Mark Danielewski proud. Thank you for the inspiration.
GPG is severely hampered by two issues:

1. a lack of good support via an API/libraries (the standard way to communicate with it seemed to be shelling out to the binary and trying to parse its output
for a long time)

2. terrible UX, especially around the trust model - web of trust is great in theory and for geeks but doesn't work well in practice, and the terms used to explain it invited dangerous misinterpretations (to mark a key as trusted in the sense of "I verified that this fingerprint belongs to that person", you're expected to sign it, NOT mark it as "trusted" - the latter actually causes all keys signed by that key to be trusted, making it a "CA").

These may be addressed by now, but I think this is too little too late.
EUV: The Most Precise, Complex Machine at Intel
A bonus is a bonus. Presumably this is on top of whatever they had before, so an extra $20K to $45K per year is icing on the cake.

In reality, most engineers aren't bouncing around from company to company every year trying to squeeze every last dollar out of their compensation. The strategy works well for a few iterations in early careers, but eventually it starts becoming counter-productive.

If you have 10 jobs in 10 years on your resume, every hiring manager who sees it will instantly recognize that you're a job hopper who isn't likely to stay longer than a year. It also becomes difficult to really accomplish anything big if you're always leaving a company before you can really hit your stride.

Most people I know who end up at FAANG level companies are interested in sticking around for at least 3-4 years, if not longer. This provides the chance to accomplish bigger things, build an actual reputation within the company, and move up the in-company career ladder. Jumping to other companies for a $10-50K immediate bonus could be shooting yourself in the foot relative to sticking around long enough to get a promotion and retention awards.
The german government appear to have fairly widely realised that the available options are support open source, or provide free intel to the US.
You only learn about someone's true preferences when they actually put some skin in the game, i.e when they open their wallets.

Someone that says "I would pay if it were not free" is a much weaker signal that says "I paid even knowing I could have it for free"
So? They're employees too, I can handle a bad manager, I can't handle being fired over some bullshit.
That manager has a mortgage too, you know?

It's nothing personal, it's business.
Surely by 2021 there is the equivalent of Burnout for aviation games?
Meanwhile, they often gate the requirements to even take the test. It would be chaos (and bad for the law schools) if someone were able to take the bar without a JD (some states have just as lengthy apprenticeship periods replace that) or otherwise prove professional ability acquired via non traditional means.
Google is an advertising company. In the coming years, they'll continue to erode the privacy of Chrome users. I've long since reached the breaking point and switched to firefox. You may not be there yet, but when the time comes, you should make it as easy to switch for yourself as possible.
Joined a smaller company. If the equity will ever become liquid I’ll amend the dip :-)
Serious question: what are the companies where this is not true?

My experience personally and from what I have heard from others, this is basically true at every tech workplace today
What about ker, coker, im, hom, end, aut, lim, colim, Set, Top, Man, Mat, Vect, GL, SL, SO, Lie, Gr, Tor, Ext, tr, Rep, char, rank, Isom, ann, hull, Diff, ...? I'm just copying multiletter names out of my preamble.tex file here.

I get that these aren't variables, but it's really not so uncommon outside of trigonometry to have multi-letter names for things that appear in equations.
> Massive perfect roads

> easy access to freeways

Come live here, it's easy to go elsewhere
Without the government certification, that's worthless if you need a certified solution. Hence, those companies will pay.
The standard way to describe Apple is that there are good and bad teams. My experience there (SWE org) was 70+ hour workweeks, backstabbing, more politics than anywhere else I've ever worked by a factor of ten, useless leadership (director had no charisma or leadership skills, but seemed to have the Jobs personality...), fear of senior management (director, VPs) by managers, and every other negative anecdote about a toxic workplace you can come up with.

That being said, I have colleagues in other orgs/teams that love their job, work 30 hours a week on average, have strong managers, interesting work, and shockingly higher pay.

So, there are good teams and there are bad teams. Unfortunately, you only hear that because there are often far more bad teams than good.

I've been impressed that Apple has thus far avoided one of those "Amazon is the worst company to work for" NYT articles. The lows are so unbelievably low at Apple if you end up on a bad team.
Seems like an attack on your qualification to make that statement, not you yourself
It's both. GnuPG has very poor UX and it's also so old and so well-known that it kills a lot of the "unknown upstarts". I think on balance GnuPG reduces the security of network communications and the appeal of a web of trust PKI because it's presented as "the main player", people try to use it, realize that the UX is garbage, and become disillusioned in the technology behind it.
Airalo is just one of multiple online retailers, like Mobimatter or Holafly. eSIMdb is a good starting point as well.
That paragraph is a little better, but 100C is not enough for a power plant. No steam, just hot water. Nuclear power plants typically produce 300C steam, and that's thermodyanamicaly inefficient. Naval steam boilers hit the 600C - 800C range.
it doesn't, it's up to you to manage that. you could use rsync, dropbox, google drive, icloud drive, or whatever mechanism for syncing you like.
Still looking for that picture book you loved as a kid? Try asking Instagram
That sounds fine to me tbh. It's worth knowing, but it's not weak. Email is a pretty good 2FA in terms of security, it's just not great in terms of usability, so it makes for a good fallback.

Attacker with MP + email access is pretty severe.

I wish more services used email as a 2FA instead of SMS.
I was there for 4 days in 2019 and I saw someone poop right in front of me. A number of other social issues were apparent as well.
This seems plausible. I wonder if they could identity any particulate from the fibers around the knobs that might corroborate this.

On the wikipedia page there is an icosahedron pictured next to these that does not have finger size holes but I suppose that could be unrelated to this artifact's purpose.
25MB of plaintext lines of javascript code is absolutely an indication of the complexity
Yeah, hard to say. I don’t think it means it’s ‘game over’ though. I think it just means you might need to go through the tedious process of walking through your whole DB file and update every password. And generate a new key file. Then and only then will you have peace of mind I think. Good luck!
You would still need markings on them though, I would think.
Higher ed is an industry in crisis. Get out and be happy that you realized this before it was too late to leave that hell hole of a sector. The grass is greener. I promise.
Reciprocally, I feel like technology in particular has descended into an infinite maze of rabbit holes, all unique. Technology could really use some work finding more commonality, defining a better base, making literacy in one realm more cross portable with another. Each application is it's own world (or it's own social network), which has to be re-discovered. Even what small basic roots we had- things like files- have ephemeralized away. What is left to learn that is teachable, that endures, that means anything? Meaning has gone into the clouds.
Confession: I use Chrome's built-in password manager.
Well I just mean that if you look at a country like Poland which has been invaded literally dozens of times, either being severely destabilized or completely conquered in the process but yet is still doing quite well for itself, I don't see how you can solely blame foreign interference for a country's current state.

I mean, look at Ethiopia. Forget Western powers, Ethiopia has never been successfully invaded by any foreign power. Despite this, it is one of the poorest countries on the planet today.
Please, even discord internally calls them guilds. Don't call them servers, call them guilds or teams or spaces or something descriptive.
I strongly agree with this. Surely this is a form of discrimination. What about drivers safety and liability ? Is this okay to osha ?
I agree. It's not a gamer word either. Derived from "the daily grind", it's just about lucrative but repetitive tasks. Sometimes they are fun but I also agree the connotation is that it is most likely boring unless specified otherwise.
This is a key thing that a lot of people are missing: most (if not all) of the top PlayToEarn games are literally just disguised ponzi schemes.

The only reason why their tokens have value is that you need those tokens to earn more tokens.
An M6a on AWS has 128 GB of RAM and 32 cores and goes for around $0.60 on the spot market. If you need local SSD and you’re willing to go ARM, an m6gd has a similar spot price and nearly 2 TB of NVME local storage. I’m sure other cloud providers have similar offerings.

I agree with the root comment though that you may want to look at building in a cloud provider using spot instances. You’d have to invest in automation to spin up and tear down machines and manage build artifacts, but it might be more cost effective and operationally simpler than investing in your own hardware.
I refuse to accept the terms for Schwab's 'voice authentication' it asks me to every time I login.
https://thetyee.ca/Analysis/2021/11/03/Tech-Will-Not-Save-Us...
Key Up is your friend
How about emotional "shock"? (pun intended)
Not lying, but definitely downplaying past incidents [0], of which they have had a number.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LastPass#Security_issues
FWIW, the Apple software devs I know really enjoy their jobs. They all agree that it's not easy work, but I don't know anyone there who claims mistreatment. Small sample size, of course.

> It makes me excited for the future of software engineering to see moves like this. Clearly Apple, and many other companies, are starting to understand just how critical devs are to a modern business.

As a counterpoint, some of the highest paid non-FAANG jobs I had had some of the worst treatment of engineers. The high salaries were used to compensate for the terrible treatment and make it harder for employees to leave. In one case, many of us left and gladly took lower compensation at other companies just to get out. And of course, the jobs were immediately backfilled with new people eager to cash in on the high salaries. Money is an easy way to fill seats, but treating people well is the only way to keep them there.
Sounds like a lot of mental work just to log in. Or... Try a self-hosted password manager, or one that generally has a much better reputation?
I’m sorry but I fully stand by what I wrote. Seeing many jobs with short tenure indicates something is wrong, either the person is too hard to please or the person isn’t good at their job. I will most certainly pass on that candidate unless there’s an extraordinary reason not to.
"dismissed", not "denied". There's a subtle difference. The exact quote:

> That which can be asserted without evidence, can be dismissed without evidence.
I'll settle for them receiving the same treatment that us peasants do from the bureaucracies they create.
Nobody forces you to use any kind of shell with redo. Its .do files can be anything you want: ELF object files, shell scripts, Perl, Python, whatever, just make it executable and obey trivial simple rules (stdout and three arguments).
You should learn that this is what would have happened to you if you had not worked hard during your education years. Now you can pass that lesson on to your children. :P
Google abandoned the "hire from only the best colleges" mantra years ago. It will hire anyone who makes it through the interview, regardless of college.
This is mentioned in the article but treated as a joke:

> Other internet researchers, perhaps less seriously, have used 3D-printed models of the Roman dodecahedrons for knitting experiments, and suggested that the true purpose of the objects was to create differently sized fingers for Roman woolen gloves.

Although IIRC when it was first proposed the people who proposed it seemed very earnest and to see it as obvious.

And it nicely explains a lot of the peculiarities e.g. the nubs make sense for attaching yarn, and different people have different finger sizes (up to layers) but the precise sizing is not super important as long as you have a gradation with steps which aren't too big.

It also looks quite close to spool (or "french") knitting.

Though there's the objection that the dodecahedra are serious overkill for those needs when a plank with a few nails would do the trick. There's also the "OOPArt" factor: knitting spools were invented in the 17th century or so, and known records for circular knitting are not that much older.
Ah so basically how does it track dependencies? Good question. Browsing the wiki it looks like its basically manual :/ but I could be mistaken.

https://github.com/gobolinux/Documentation/wiki/Removing-pro...

https://github.com/gobolinux/Documentation/wiki/Understandin...
Aspera Console Automated Backups
William was so helpful[0] someone asked for him much later.

0: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20091123-00/?p=15...
> Now, can't pay someone market rate because that would be going out of band. While at the same time, people who come in as "headline" hires from external are given not nearly such scrutiny and instead get $Ms and hiring bonuses and directorships.

This seems like a common, growing problem in BigTech: It's often easier to interview and get L+1 at another company than it is to get promoted from L to L+1. Hell, it's probably easier to quit and immediately re-interview for L+1 at your own company than to go through the arduous promotion grind. When you go for promotion, you generally have to have some chain of evidence, peer reviews, performance history, etc. to show you should be at L+1, whereas when you interview at that L+1 role, you merely need to talk your way through a few interviewers and bedazzle them sufficiently. I mean, the bar is already high for the interviews, don't get me wrong, but believe it or not, it appears to be even higher for promotion.
It would be 180 to 210 days from launch. There is a lot of calibration work for the mirrors along with cooling the telescope down.
you could move next door to Bezos, and tap into his.
Alright google hater. I have edited my question to also include Firefox's password manager.

EDIT: Also, if you don't know, Chrome also supports passwords export/import, so it not any more vendor-lock-in than any other password managers.
What kind of car do you have? Cars today have MPG varying from 17 to 60 MPG, so I'm wondering if it only makes sense for low-emissions vehicles.
I clearly, and unambiguously spelled out my qualification (30+ years of working with very happy Apple engineers), and also clearly stated that I have never worked there, myself.

I was extremely careful not to write in a confrontational manner. It was merely a vague statement, of my own personal PoV, based on a great deal of personal experience (I've been writing Apple software since 1986). Much of that time was spent, working for very respected corporations that had a close working relationship with Apple engineering. I spent a great deal of time, working directly with Apple engineers and managers. I have also had many, many training sessions at Apple (back when they did that). I've spent a lot of time, in the Apple ecosystem.

It doesn't escape my notice that lots of other folks that haven't worked for Apple have been more than happy to post their opinions, here.

Apple seems to be a bit of a lightning rod. I can tell you that anyone that has developed for them, as long as I have, has become quite used to torrents of abuse. I can't even imagine what Apple employees had to go through (actually, I can, because they told me).

I have to add that I have never had any interaction with either of you two folks, yet your very first interaction with me, was an attack.

That may fly on Facebook or Twitter, but it may be ... less than ideal ... in a professional environment (which I definitely consider HN). Note that I make it absolutely clear who I am, how to get in touch with me, and how to find out more about me. It encourages me to behave well. I deleted my last anonymous social media account, years ago.

This is a community. I consider it to be a professional community, and I value the considered input of professionals. I learn something every day from HN, and have great respect for many of its participants.

It is not a good idea for me to start relationships off in a pugilistic manner. I am likely to reduce the number of opportunities for me to grow; both personally, and professionally.
> most people won't happily take a huge paycut regardless of how well-off they are.

I would, but I guess I could be in the minority there.
> People have trained themselves to think in the Python (or js or java or etc etc) mental model while remembering that it doesn't map to what actually happens 100% People have NOT made that leap for C because people still labor under the delusion that their CPU is a fast PDP-11.

I don't see this, I worked on high performance software and everyone is aware that the CPU isn't just a fast PDP-11. This was before 2018, so teaching C programmers about their language isn't the point of the article, everyone who needs to care about performance already knows these things.
How could you forget about the humble Gopher protocol: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_(protocol) !? :-)