skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Yeah, I feel this question is important to understand before we worry about what it means for the AI to understand.

My thought is that we've got three types of "understanding":

1) social understanding
2) intuitive understanding
3) structural understanding

Social understanding is something the society we live in knows, but the individual only knows in so far as the individual is doing something to fit in or via peer pressure. So for example, some high latitude countries eat fish for breakfast. Supposedly the statistics show that this helps them be more healthy than countries at similar latitudes which do not eat fish for breakfast ... probably because of problems due to lack of vitamin D due to lack of sunlight for certain parts of the year (the fish oil helps with this). However nobody actually "knows" this. They just eat fish because everyone else eats fish.

Intuitive understanding is anything where we start to use flowery language like "experience" or "gut". You're really good at it, but just giving someone a flow chart isn't good enough. They have to have gone through the experience themselves. Driving is a good example. We make people take a test, but if just giving them diagrams and rules was good enough, then we wouldn't need a test where you actually drive and requirements about a certain number of hours of supervised driving.

Structural understanding is anything that can be put to rules. So there's a lot of mathematics and algorithm stuff here. A simple example might be playing tic tac toe. The game is simple enough that you can write down a few rules that allow you to never lose.

EDIT:

My categories don't really answer the question, but they do give profiles and categories to look out for.

Social understanding is good because it statistically learns to avoid lethal pitfalls. Like, if there's a dangerous well in the forest that people fall down and die in. A society might start telling people to not go in the forest because other people go in there and die. However, the society doesn't know why this is good advice.

Intuitive understanding is good because it allows you to quickly statistically learn how to deal with imperfect and chaotic systems while getting good results.

Structural understanding is good because it allows you to break free of the statistics of the previous two understandings. You can get exact results. Also it lets you break free of issues that come from distantly causal action + consequence. A person's intuition might not tell them that dumping toxic waste into the water is a good idea because things don't go bad until a lot of waste has already been dumped. Similarly a society might make a similar judgement if the failure is far enough away from the actions that kick it off. However, if you understand the structural relationships between things then you'll have an idea that toxic waste should not be consumed.
Rolling a vehicle along land, however, is very efficient, in precisely the way propellors aren't.
Even if you take the smartphone out of the equation, there are a ton of things you can only pay for with a credit/debit card. And we all know that will only become more widespread.
You don't need any of that stuff.
Right, they minted $3B, taking the circulating supply from $73B to $76B.
Our neighbor was hit by a self-driving car: sanfrancisco
I wouldn't say that.

My team uses a Rails backend and React apps on top. For us, React apps compared to Rails views just about cut our feature delivery time in half.

Of course, it depends on what domain you are working in. Dynamic frontends on Rails are a pain compared to React and probably some other front-end JS.

That said, on the backend Rails is a very mature framework that is hard to beat on most things.
There’s a Scrabble version of this that’s free to play

https://spellingquest.online

If you prefer playing as an app over in a browser

https://store.steampowered.com/app/1086630/Spelling_Quest_On...
Oh, I see… a free market economy is good when it benefits the aristocrats, bad when it can be used for political talking points to garner votes. Got it.
Cuba is not cut off from "everything", though their massive media campaign has made it appear so.

There's flights from the US to Cuba now.

You could say, ban any airline that flights to Russia from flying into EU/US, heck, do it on an airplane basis to avoid shell companies and such. Any airplane that touches Russian soil, banned from ever entering any US/EU airspace/soil ever again.
It depends on the plan and carrier. Until very recently (last year or so) Verizon continued to charge extra for tethering.
I humbly offer my service scorecard as a tool to try to gauge whether a piece of functionality deserves an independent service:

https://mulch.dev/service-scorecard/
High Vitamin D seems to be associated with everything good and low vitamin D with everything bad. Supplementing with vitamin D doesn't seem to stop bad things or make good things happen.

Rich people have more Vitamin D than poor people. Higher SES social groups (whites) have more Vitamin D than low SES social groups (blacks) I bet if you tested two football teams the one that wins has more Vitamin D. The fans of the winning football team probably have more Vitamin D too.
Normal individual transactions are secure. I can send money to Bob without worry that someone is going to somehow use the data in that transaction to steal my entire wallet.

The "rug pulls" you see are from contracts written maliciously. DeFi is a ponzi scheme written into a Smart Contract, but some of them have an extra function that allows the creator to instantly steal all the money out of it.
That’s not what I have read at all. Rural India seems to have less healthcare, more poverty and plenty of covid in the reports I have read. Limited testing has reduced its visibility, but there have been some really dark news reports on how rural India is faring.

https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-reports-daily-rise...
Cryptocoins are deliberately based on the concept of money reduced to "cash". There is no banking, there is no fraud protection. It is supposed to work that way.

The whole at least somewhat civilized world has moved to a more advanced versions of money, but cryptocoins are a step backwards and it is entirely intentional.
Good article. I think winograd/winogrande are super clever (and also kind of a “fun” idea).

My personal take is that blanket understanding is too hard of a task to define, so we ought to cheat and talk about types of understanding. In my mind, understanding a thing means not only that you can answer, but also that you can justify your answer. So different kinds of understanding point to different kinds of justifications.

In math classes, you’ll be asked not only to state whether a thing is true or false, but also to show that it’s true or false, giving an answer as well as a proof. In a literature class, you don’t just make a point, you also have to support it in natural language. Same with science classes, supporting things with data and logic.

The closest we have right now in ML (widely) is statistical measurements on holdout data. It’s 99% accurate on other things, so it’s 99% likely to be right on this too, if this was sampled from something just like the holdout. We also (less widely) have a little cottage industry of post-hoc explanations that try to explain models predictions.

I’d love to see models that can do better than post-hoc explanations. I want a model that “understands in terms of predicate logic” that can spit out an answer with a checkable proof. Or “understands in terms of a knowledge graph” or “understands in terms of a set of human anatomy facts” or “understands in terms of natural language arguments” or any number of things that can spit out an answer as well as a justification.

Just asking for blanket understanding means we have to define blanket understanding, but there’s a lot of limited understanding that’s still better than what we have today.
I don't see gross incompetence in their management like there was at Intel. So they may lose some market share in the future due to competitive forces but not enough to undercut them. The only unknown is if a Chinese or Korean (Samsung) competitor emerges in the next 10 years.
I don't think I buy that argument very much, though. You can do all of those things in the same way you would have done them before the advent of smartphones - snail mail (or use a library/personal computer to check emails), visit a bank in branch, send text messages to friends on a flip phone. Heck, even most vaccination systems I've seen worldwide have the option of a printed QR code proof.

I won't disagree that these things are massively inconvenient compared to doing it all though a smartphone, but it's far from impossible.
What they have in common with spectre is that: Suddenly it was realized that the design was all wrong. What was thought of as a feature, was a giant vulnerability.

However, log4j seems to be adjusting their design rather quickly, so they should be out of it rather fast.
You mean a day or two in advance? Or post trade? Post trade is not good, but pre trade should still be able to quell the insider advantage.
> Nobody said it had to be surreptitious.

The comment (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29571643) to which you were responding (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29571750) says:

> You're asking me? Ok: it should not be possible for you to install surreptitious screen recording software on an iPhone.
When I worked for a finance adjacent firm, not even a firm that handled money, my compliance policy was super strict even by industry standards and I was a lowly Sr. SWE.
The reasoning I was given was to not never even provide a hint of impropriety or using data ahead of our customers. Reputation was everything.

The blanket company-wide policy was as follows. Certain departments had rules on top of this.

1. Limited to general stocks, ETFs, mutual funds, etc. No derivatives allowed (options, etc.). Even private stock or private options from my prior require required a review from compliance when I started.
2. No selling for a gain within 30 days of the purchase date on ANY security. Selling for a loss was allowed at any time.
3. All brokerage accounts had to be linked to their compliance portal. An automated compliance check pulled your statements weekly and would open a ticket with compliance if anything looked to violate policy. If your brokerage was not supported electronically, you had to submit monthly paper statements.

I don't see why Congress shouldn't be subject to similar rules, especially those on finance committees.
Yeah the gas thing is problematic.
To me the biggest offense is forcing me to download your shitty app XD
Hummingbird metabolism is incredible. At night, when they can't constantly feed, certain species go into a deep topor state to avoid starving.

See https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/08/science/hummingbirds-torp...
Who needs healthcare and social services?
I really want to start learning Rails, does somebody know a great course or interactive site?
vsauce classic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAGEOKAG0zw
China’s birth rate is arguably declining because basic needs (housing) and child needs (education and child care) became expensive, applying back pressure on fertility (which is why the CCP and Xi is pushing “common prosperity” hard). People are selective on children already, which I don’t see a problem with; this is a natural result of a free society with healthcare where you can selectively terminate pregnancies you don’t want. During IVF, we were offered the option to sequence the genome of candidate embryos and pick which we wanted based on traits. The future is now.

If this creates cohorts without the ability to partner up, them the breaks of free will and socioeconomic forces. Population ballooned, and it will be painful as it contracts. Humanity ran up the credit card of population growth, and it will have to be paid back (socioeconomically speaking, with unrest and economic contraction) .
"Lots of people retiring early" sounds like news to me. It suggests a pretty radical change in the economy.

The question will be how long they're prepared for. I'm sure many of those 55 year olds are doing fine today. But they don't qualify for Social Security yet, and may spend down a good chunk of their savings. If they spend it down to zero, they could be in trouble. Worse, if it means that they're accelerating the depletion of the social security trust fund.

That's just one of many interesting open questions. Do we have younger people to step into those jobs? Do we even need some of those jobs, or can we do without some of them? Does this push to increase wages?

"Early retirement" could explain a huge chunk of what's going on in the economy today and set up a lot of challenges for tomorrow. That makes it a lot more newsworthy than a lot of stuff I see in the papers.
If we see a return to "hypermedia" it won't be wholesale, but rather in the form of a static site generator that does the 80% work and is easy to extend the rest of the way. Something somewhere between Svelte and Gatsby. The react component model and JSX style bracketed DSLs both have a lot of traction, the main issue is the amount of groundwork and glue needed to do simple things with them.
With today’s technology, I do not see why trades cannot be reported immediately.
For AI to be truly artificial intelligence, shouldn't it be able to define when it understands?
That is some amazing multi-decade/generational spanning.
My first thought as well, thanks for this :D Here's one of 500K+ results from Google for "Flagella propeller"

[] https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro744
> if they wanted to continue their imperialistic expansion

Always the first misstep.
Windows 11 Officially Shuts Down Firefox’s Default Browser Workaround
This is good to a degree.

But it does mean India joins much of the rest of the world with sub-replacement fertility with just a few outliers.

The challenge now switches to how to move from sub-replacement to sustainable fertility.

Japan and South Korea are leaders in sub-replacement fertility with not that much success in finding a path towards sustainable population. Both I believe are still dropping.

This is the grand social engineering challenge of the next 20 to 40 years I figure.
It it really shameful though? As you said, it’s not surprising. And it’s not surprising because this kind of thing is so common in positions of power. It’s so common that I have started to admit to myself, after wrestling with the shame, that this is one of the key organizing principles of our society; that the primary purpose of attaining power is to leverage it to benefit yourself personally. If seemingly everyone agrees on this principle, left and right, then where does the shame come in? Why shouldn’t I seek power to enrich myself and my friends? Everyone else is doing it. No one gets punished for doing it. That’s the way we have decided that our society works.

Society is worse off for it, probably, sure. But if our society doesn’t care about our society, why should I? Is that shameful? I used to think so but I’m not really that convinced anymore.
>How can crypto users protect themselves without recreating traditional banking?

They could just invest in well-established projects with proven technology instead of obvious scams in hopes of a "moon shot". This has very little to do with Bitcoin and other legitimate projects, which are a far cry from useless fly-by-night ERC-20 tokens with stupid animal names
I know there are some Canadians stationed in that region.
Bernie Madoff's victims were mostly high net worth individuals (dumb money), not professional investors. While professional investors do occasionally get scammed that's much less common.
Some subreddits were banned for such comments. Will reddit ban r/politics ? (I know the answer)
I have been to Vietnam right before the pandemic and witnessed with my own eyes active training of high school and college students using mock AK-47s. The cultural focus of the students of course is their economic future in peace time, but the foundation of that peace for a small and otherwise vulnerable nation is the maintenance of their strategic deterrence, which continues to this day.
the fed contractor thing already got shut down, my workplace cancelled their mandate that they were trying to enforce for this
In a pure free market, trading slaves and snake oil is legal. It used to be that way in the US.
I'm considering holding out for the Mudita: https://mudita.com/

Though I like Lightphone's aesthetic more.
Read the entire article at:

https://archive.md/Ob4GG
> that ML Twitter bot MS recalled (was it Tammy or something?)

Tay: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay_(bot)
> Because there is no newly invented architecture called "modular monolith" - monolith was always supposed to be MODULAR from the start.

Unless you're in a large established org, modulatity is likely a counter-goal. Most startups are looking to iterate quickly to find pre-PMF. Unless you write absolutely terrible code, my experience is you're more likely to have the product cycle off a set functionality before you truly need modularity. From there, you either (1) survive long enough to make an active decision to change how you work (2) you die and architecture doesn't matter.

"Modular monolith" is a nice framing for teams who are at that transition point.
You can't do other things; putting on makeup is not a safe activity for a driver with any of these features.

Why is it that I can trust a level 3 system to not hit the car in front of me in stop and go traffic but I can't trust the level 2 system not to hit the car in front of me at 70mph? The stop and go driving certainly requires faster reaction times in my experience. Are the makers of level 3 systems legally liable when the vehicle in level-3 mode hits another car?
Nature does not create Transformer movies. So why do people?
Well, nature does not use Tyres either.
I don't think it's about "is $<x> a lot of money":

> According to 2020 numbers from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, those in the lowest 20 percent of income earners spent $150 more a year on their cell phones than they did in 2016.

I spend $180/y for unlimited talk/text with 5 GB data per month using Verizon's network through US Mobile. It's a prepaid monthly plan, no credit, no contract. You also have the option to use T-Mobile's GSM network if your existing phone is incompatible or coverage is better in your area. For phones there are plenty of options in the $200 range, both used like GP mentions and new. On the new side I recently picked up 2 Galaxy A12 for the niece/nephew, $170 each. They started on Android 10 but have gotten 11 and are due to get 12 year (and a few patches after that but not likely 13).

So for <$240 a year folks should be able to be connected to decent new phones and service yet in the last 4 years people in the lowest 20% income bracket have been led to spend 2/3 of that more in addition to what they were already paying. I'm not sure where the exact numbers are in the linked source but I'd be curious if these folks are being led to spend more than I am on my high end phone and phone plan.

For that price these folks are getting a lot of value and I don't think that's a problem in itself more than fulfilling any other modern life need is a problem for low income folks. I think the real problem is a combination of predatory tactics from the market as described in the article and lack of knowledge of alternatives amongst low income people. It's hard to learn where you can get a quality phone and plan when you don't have internet and the local T-Mobile store's $0 up front plan is the only way you will have a phone for work next week.
I also lost the access to my wallet. Is there an office I can show up at with my identification and get a new one?
> Most of the CoreGraphics PDF decoder appears to be Apple proprietary code, but the JBIG2 implementation is from Xpdf, the source code for which is freely available.

When I worked at Apple, we encountered a Jailbreak exploit that relied on some poor code in one of the open-source type fonts. It appeared that someone committed a mod to the project that neglected to do an array bounds check, waited ONE YEAR!!! and then exploited the vulnerability to create a PDF document that would jailbreak a phone if the PDF was viewed.

I guess it is possible that something similar was done here.
I wish someone would mint a user-friendly GPG wrapper for signing releases and quorum-based publishing. Dealing with raw GPG to sign releases is doable but a pain. And we need quorum publishing to guard against supply-chain attacks.

But simple and user-friendly UX design is hard. As a user of `pass`, I'm grateful for what I have.
Referenced in my original comment as the war that took place in the late 70s…
Global population will basically top out at 9-10bn.

I look forward to the problems we will face then, and the apocalyptic narratives the media will invent about this new problem. Here's my shot at a few:

- Even with better quality of life its going to be hard to make people who are over 70 work productively. But without children less and less people will need to take care of this large old age group. And they will need a bigger and bigger slice of the economy to survive.

- Wealth inequality will rise just from the fact that there are less productive people and people with wealth will live longer.

- Immigration won't be the solution for western nations that it used to be. And poor nations with insane birth rates don't have them any more. Already eastern europe, india, phillipines etc are becoming rich enough that much much less people want to emmigrate. Africas next. Cheap labour for corporations will basically dry up.

I predict these issues will cause bigger problems than population expansion ever did.
They tried to get it out for freeon the raspi but I guess the uptake was really quite low. Either way the program for that has basically ended. https://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/
This is carrier specific.

In fact, between my spouse, my dad and I, we have 4 lines with Mint Mobile, and they do not prevent us from tethering or using our data as hotspots.

The 3 smartphone only plans are $15/month, unlimited talk/text, 4GB data.
the 4th plan is $20/month, 10GB data, and sits in an LTE hotspot, handling his modest home internet needs.

Where he lives (very rural), he'd have to pay thousands to get cable internet (or worse, DSL) run to his house, so this is a great alternative. But just a few years ago, this kind of thing was harder to find, harder to set up, more expensive, slower, with lower data caps. Competition helps, but the situation isn't perfect.
Sidenote: I’d love if phones (and other metered connections) could communicate bandwidth budgets to laptops through DHCP option 43 or something. Metered connections have been a thing (for better or worse) for awhile now, but laptops have only coarse-grained means of dealing with them, and require the user to indicate that it’s metered.
I’m on a iPhone 7 with a cracked screen. You could probably get that on eBay for less than 70$. And everything still works. Just gotta be a bit mindful when swiping And don’t use the dang thing too much
this is a case in favor of well rounded life experience.

the events occuring at the cellular and bacterial level dont scale up saliently.

if we were to exploit molecular rotational engines or dynamos they would be engineered as an array, the final device would not reveal its molecular organisation as saliently as a wheel and axle assembly does.

muscle tissue is one example, although not constructed of rotational elements,
the underlying structure is likened to a linear track motor, and could perhaps be cyclized to form a stator and rotor like mechanism.
A peaceful transition can happen, like when the USSR dissolved.

Of course I wouldn't like a power vacuum in a country with nukes.
Give yourself an Xmas gift with a print copy of "The machinery of life" by David S Goodsell. You will love it.
Multiple Vulnerabilities in MSI's Products
Mandatory reference to Robert Miles' content on AI safety problems, alignment etc.: https://www.youtube.com/c/RobertMilesAI/playlists