skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
BTW ... you say:

> Maybe it's just a too advanced paper for my knowledge.

Maybe it is for now ... the point being that if you start at the beginning, chip away at it, search for terms on the 'net, read multiple times, try to work through it, and then ask people when you're really stuck, that's one way of making progress.

You can, instead, enroll in an on-line course, or night-school, and learn all this stuff from the ground up, but it will almost certainly take longer. Your knowledge would be better grounded and more secure, but learning how to read, investigate, search, work, then ask, is a far greater skill that "taking a course".

Others have answered your specific question about the delta symbol, but there are deeper processes/problems/questions here:

* Not all concepts or values or represented by a single glyph, sometimes there are multi-glyph "symbols", such as "Δt" in your example.

* When you see a symbol you don't recognise, read the surrounding text. The symbol will almost always be referenced or described.

* The notation isn't universal. Often it's an aid to your memory, to write in a succinct form the thing that has been described elsewhere.

* In these senses, it's very much a language more akin to natural languages than computer languages. The formulas are things used to express a meaning, not things to be executed.

* Specific questions about specific notation can be answered more directly, but to really get along with mathematical notation you need to "read like math" and not "read like a novel".

* None of this is correct, all of it is intended to give you a sense of how to make progress.
Even the worst comments on HN are far better than the worst comments on Reddit or Twitter.
This is done by the used font, in the markup it's correct.
An interesting game, mr_o47. The only winning move is to play.
And that the carbon 12 nucleus has that excited state at just the right energy to make the triple-alpha process work.
I used fish for a couple of years and really liked it. But I recently learned that I can configure ZSH to have all of the same auto-complete and plugins that I loved from fish. Now I have all of the creature comforts I like, with POSIX compliance

I found that while fish has better syntax than bash for most things, the hassles with incompatibility or unexpected behavior brought me much more trouble than BASH's syntax ever has
> Apple has never had a monopoly on anything.

They do on thier secoundary markets, (esp App Store) but they are also being monopolistic with replacement parts and repair.
>It would probably be akin to writing a shell interpreter for the input at least.

Nah, Inform6 and the library gives you all: the parser, interpreter, prompt, verbos and objects. And it's free as in freedom.
I really wish Qualcomm to use latest TSMC's latest process to make Android phones competitive for performance. Even when they used same process as Apple A series, their perf/watt (now it's almost same as perf) were a bit behind.
Several smaller customers; anything else would be myopic.

General business intelligence: You do NOT want one of your 'verticals' (companies that you need to buy supplies from, or companies that you sell your product to) to turn monopolistic; after all, once they are a monopoly they can really squeeze you out.

This holds even if you are also nearing a monopoly or are an effective monopoly (in that you're the only one that can supply it at the quantity and quality required).

There are mitigating circumstances, but most of them don't look good for apple:

* TSMC is stupid. Don't knock it - I've seen companies go for the quick buck, then get killed by the monopolistic monolith they enabled and be surprised.

* TSMC laughs in the face of this and simply isn't taking an apple near monopoly on chips particularly seriously. I can definitely see that - the risk is presumably that apple gains massive increases in marketshare of PCs/laptops and smartphones, but TSMC presumably doesn't think it'll be so high as to risk the situation that TSMC can produce more chips than non-apple buyers could buy. In other words, that apple's total 'TSMC fab capacity' needs won't go anywhere near 50% of what TSMC is likely to ever be able to manufacture.

* Apple is putting pressure on TSMC. TSMC knows this is a risk and doesn't want to, but apple does want this to happen and is making some shady deals so that TSMC does the math and decided that the gains in dealing with apple exceed the losses*odds-it-will-happen of the squeeze if apple is a monopoly buyer for TSMC (as in, of dubious legality and certainly of questionable morality, but then, it's apple, a company. Waiting for companies to act morally is silly, you write laws and set up societal systems to incentivize them to do so instead, companies are amoral (not immoral - they just don't really know what it is, by design).

Your comment seems to suggest it's a smart move for TSMC to just sign one giant deal with apple and be done with it: You can send the lawyers and salesfolk to early retirement, get some money upfront, guarantee 100% sales of all your fab capacity with a party that is unlikely to renege or declare bankruptcy.

It's not. It's a dumb move. Either the C-level execs at TSMC are missing something pretty fundamental or more likely we don't know enough to realize that there's sufficient weights on the other side of the balance to counteract the downside of enabling the monopoly on verticals.
It’s interesting that Apple’s decision to transition to their own chips was probably lead, at least partly, by the fact they knew the could lock down all this next gen production.

If everyone else had access to cutting edge TSMC I’m sure Apple’s chips would still be good but I don’t think we’d be quite as impressed.
This is an incorrect interpretation of the differences between the two systems.

In the EU the 380V (now nominally 400V) relates to tri-phase, the 240V to the voltage between a phase and ground.

Tri-phase power in the United States is available to residential consumers and very light industry (say a small farm) at a number of different voltages up to 480V.

The 240V in the united states is between two 'lives' that are both 120V and that are usually delivered on a center tapped transformer with the center being the neutral. Adding those two together gives you the 240V, but it all comes from a single phase, it's just a center tapped transformer with a 240V winding as the secondary.

You can easily see this when you look at your typical drop transformer that will take a 10KV low voltage distribution line to domestic voltages, where three phase power is required you'll see three transformers in a bank, one for each phase. A typical residence will have only one because in North America single phase power is the norm for distribution.

https://www.mytpu.org/wp-content/uploads/wires.jpg

Is pretty typical in NA.

So a typical drop will have a distribution neutral and a single distribution phase going in to the transformer and three wires coming back out: L1, N and L2 with L1 and L2 being the outside legs of the winding. In your distribution panel you then add your residential ground.
Then along came Windows 10 and its so-called Delivery Optimization Service (should rather be called Denial-of-Service service), which spams literally dozens of simultaneous TCP connections for downloading updates and thereby effectively monopolises your whole home's internet connection.

(Don't know if this has ever been fixed because I've since kept Delivery Optimization turned off and rely on BITS instead, which does indeed seem to work without causing any bandwidth shortage incidents).
>I was just expanding on that.

Yes you were just explaining on that but you 'were explaining on that' purely from the convenience and point of view while if you think about right for the free speech it is frequently not so much convenient when you hear criticism. That is why I asked the question and the question stands.
What Is Hammock Driven Development?
Ask HN: What is your online login/password preference?
I'm a solo developer building a consumer website in which users must log in to access the content. I'm curious what your preferences are for website log-ins.

Assumptions:
- Security is important. It would be bad if a malicious party gained access to emails and passwords, since people often reuse passwords across sites
- I am not highly-skilled in web security (not my background)
- Companies, such as Google, can do security better than I can

Options I see:
1. Do it all in-house. Users create an account with a log-in and password, which I store and secure.
2. 3rd part log in, such as Google. Users log in with their Google account, and I don't store any password data.
3. "Magic Link": when users want to log in, they receive an email with a link to log into the site. I also don't store any passwords.

#2: It seems some people don't like using these. Reasons could be: not trusting my site, wanting to create throwaway accounts, not having a Google or other 3rd party account at all.

#3: I like these, but it adds a step where users leave the site. It also seems that relatively few websites use this style of authentication?

#2 and #3 also reduce ease of use, since users won't be able to use a password storage application such as LastPass. They'll always have to go through additional steps (clicks) to log in.

I think the end result is some combination of these, but not all 3. It would be helpful to hear your perspective: if I'm overestimating the difficult of securing password data, what tradeoffs I should consider, personal preferences on the above, and any options I may have missed. Also wondering if 2FA is an absolute must for this type of site.

Also note: I do payment processing via Stripe, and don't store credit card info in my databases. The most financial damage someone could do on my site would be to purchase a single monthly subscription. Of course, there is a greater risk if people use the same email and password log in as they do for their banking, for example.
PHP received the null coalescing operator in PHP 7 (roughly the end of 2014) after this RFC https://wiki.php.net/rfc/isset_ternary

JavaScripts nullish coalescing operator landed in chrome 80 (feb 2020) over 5 years later… more like it’s PHP syntax landing in JS land.
I agree on everything, but the moderation. Personally, I have seen very few times where their assistance is even needed.

I have seen them squash interesting debates.

I had one guy email me, and tell me at home to stop commenting so much. (Never forgot that one, and there are no TOS. I will probally pay for those last two sentences? Then again if HN is what it claims, maybe not?)

What makes this place special is there are a wide range of people here interested in many subjects. What I love most is cutting through the bull. I doubt there's a person here who doesn't know about The Scientific Method, or The Placebo Effect.

We don't automatically give credit to the wealthy boys unless they did something really spectacular in their lives, and we want to know exactly how much help the wealthy family had in the success. We don't let them pontificate ad nausium because they made money. We scrutinize and investigate everyone, and every idea. From the best in class PhDs to lost disenfranchised souls. Everyone has a chance to make their point.

Hacker News is by far the best site for technical discussion.

(I do spend too much time here. It's my fault though. I don't have much of a life, and I am lonely. I am looking for new sites besides Reddit. Reddit would be so much better if everyone wasen't trying out for a SNL contract.)
My absolute favorite thing about PHP is the arrays and the ease of working with them. Whenever I find myself working in another language dealing with loads of data I'm immediately thinking of how easy it would be to accomplish it in PHP.

And I've been loving all the new additions to PHP over the last few years as well. Version 5 was rather limited but since 7 it has grown into an actual programming language for which I feel I don't have to apologize for.
What a tragic, may his soul rest in peace
I thought they were idiotic, then I tried to buy one to see what the fuss was about and decided they were ridiculously idiotic, a ton of transaction fees just to get my avatar next to some Opensea listing. Bragging rights within the terminally online crypto zealot echo chamber, that's all it provides.
> Apple has a monopoly on the iOS App Store

The courts have ruled that the iOS App Store is not a monopoly.
Agreed ... I think we're pulling in the same direction ...
And while everyone wants more investment in capacity, presumably no-one wants to be an investor who's left holding the bag if capacity overshoots and supply exceeds demand in 1-3 years' time.
I think it is like most things and follows a Gartner hype cycle curve. It will cool off and the real uses will come into play later. There are many valid uses for NFTs, buying silly jpgs isn’t one of them. A good 2022 crypto bear market will separate the wheat from the chaff just like always.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ga...
I don't think I need to have HN's rules read back to me by you.
That drought was back in April. It has been raining frequently and reservoirs across the country are full[1]. It's not a problem right now, but it's a recurring issue and will probably spur investment into additional reservoirs or desalination plants.

[1]: https://eng.wra.gov.tw/
The author states:

> Fact: Communism killed an estimated 100 million people (or more) in the 20th century alone.

> Fact 2: Communism has always led to mass suffering and death.
> Fact 3: Communism always will lead to mass suffering and death.

2 is really questionable as to whether it is a fact, and 3 is definitely not a fact. The author clearly has no idea of what is appropriate for an encyclopedia. Now "List of mass killings by self-reported communist regimes" might be, but there is definitely a difference there.

Also it was Vietnamese communists that overthrew PolPot.
Yeah, one in which AMD actually ended up bankrupt and Intel became the only vendor supplying x86 chips.
Blockchain records provenance : who owned the token before you, so the nft is not “I own this jpeg”, it’s “I bought this jpeg from the artist with public key X”
If, having seen the risk turn into reality, they want to buy some of Apple's capacity, they are free to make an offer.
I only used Buildbox but check out this page https://welovenocode.com/nocodelist?tfc_storepartuid[3632923...
The only time I’ve seen WebOS not in a TV was the HP Touchpad that was released a long time ago. It was a WebOS based tablet and was pretty nice, but it failed miserably, and most people ended up installing Android on it.
The smartphone ecosystem is designed to be as addictive as possible, targeting specifically the "reptile brain" that can't be persuaded with logic or strong will. We are being conditioned to respond to it like lab animals, and none of this is regulated in any way. Increasingly, there are no choices outside of it, so it's either accept the manipulation or be excluded (also from social life). You do have some autonomy but it's very limited.
Nvidia Ampere uses Samsung 8nm that is basically 10nm+. I wish they use Samsung 7nm even if they can't afford TSMC 7nm.
Kind of silly how that article doesn't show the actual button.
Ultimately I think this is the right answer.
I think with how they escalate papers-please I will not get a booster anymore. If that means I cannot visit other countries for a time I am fine with that, because this farce is worse than additional abstinence.

The rules of politics today and the scrutiny from people most afraid for health reasons (factually irrational if you are under 65 btw.), they are trapped to always increase security. It is subject to the same logic as policies against terrorism. This will not end in a free society, the same way it went with other forms of surveillance, which we should get rid off again.
"very few places accept BTC directly" is a non-argument.

First, we both agree that the market is far from saturated with BTC. When/if it is, then sure many more places will accept BTC.

Second, even with USD you are separating payment processors and issuers. Visa/MC being shut down does not make USD worthless. Just like if some major exchanges disappear, that would only make people seek some other ways to perform transactions they want to perform.
I used Fish for several years before switching over to nushell a few weeks ago.

Nushell takes the ideas behind Fish even further by incorporating types other than strings and adding more built-in functionality that’s useful for your average command-line user.

I doubt I’ll go back but both are great! Highly recommend Fish and Nushell!
"Cash in hand" is short for "actual money in my bank account that I can use to do my daily shopping". It means "not cryptocurrency".
There was a good report on CNBC the state of chip manufacturing, TSMC, etc.. There is investment in building two large fabs in the US to help solve some of the current issues and to help avoid being cut off in case of geopolitical instability in the region. Worth the watch.

Secretive Giant TSMC’s $100 Billion Plan To Fix The Chip Shortage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GU87SH5e0eI
There's also zilf/z-machine -- the language/virtual machine used to write the Infocom games.

A relatively recent 'awesome' repo for z-machine is here:

https://github.com/cschweda/awesome-z-machine

And the current implementation of zilf is here:

https://foss.heptapod.net/zilf/zilf/-/wikis/home
Yeah, I mean they have the hashbang.
Do we really? (Serious question - what are the end-user applications that cannot be done today because of the lack of faster matrix multiplication?)
Even if ASML could build more machines, I would still limited by Zeiss optics.
I've mostly switched to the self-hosted side.

Yes - there is some initial ramp up time and some hurdles to face (and I actually ended up going the self-hosted K8s route, which is definitely a lot of additional ramp up time, but IMO - worth it.)

That said... I save a LOT of money.

Currently hosting

- Bookstack

- Seafile

- Jellyfin

- Grocy

- Drone.io

- Gitlab

- Youtrack

- Keycloak

- OpenHab

~$50/year for dynamic dns. ~$15/year for hostnames. ~$5/year for backup and long term storage (this varies, but is often within the free tier on backblaze unless I have to restore a service).

Or about $5/month (not including the internet, which I already pay for anyways, and the hardware, which is literally my old/outdated machines running micro-k8s, and a NAS).

The maintenance can be annoying every now and then - but it's also the kind of work I don't really mind, and it's a nice exercise to stay up-to-date on tech I end up interacting with in the office anyways.
“My app depended on google and I have been banned”…
Yeah, I know Punyinform too, I already tried some game under Vice (C64 emu).

I am curious about Tristan Island, it looks like a decent game for an v3 Z-machine.
how about: Ice is less dense than liquid water, so it floats. That means bodies of water don't freeze solid in the winter, which would have precluded life anywhere colder than the tropics.
That's an article worthy of its own HN post. Thanks
Thanks for doing the test!
Give network access, but blackhole all the traffic
Fish really shines in interactive use, like being able to write fish_vi_key_bindings, and that setting is preserved after restarting fish. Or using funced and funcsave to modify helper scripts, or abbr -s ...

I'm not sure I've ever opened my fish config file, but I'm still able to customize it easily
UPDATE: The "real" 5K HP Z27q model (with 30-bit color and 5120x2880 pixels) was released around 2012-2013 and was discontinued by 2016, which is a shame because it's such an amazing monitor: I imagine they discontinued it because 5K operation requires 2 separate and hefty DP1.2 cables in MST mode, which (at the time) the majority of computers just couldn't handle (I don't think Apple Macs can use it at all), and Windows' support for high-DPI was awful-to-mediocre until Windows 10 came out in 2015 - but they've been fantastic for me. Oh, and it was bloody expensive: each one new was about $1500-2000 IIRC.

It seems HP has re-released the Z27q... but in-name-only: the current model is called the "Z27q G3" but it's now just a mid-tier 27-inch 2560x1440 IPS display with no special features beyond DisplayPort 1.4 in-and-out ( https://www.hp.com/us-en/shop/pdp/hp-z27q-g3-qhd-display ). Originally the "q" in Z27q was for "quad" because the 5K (5120x2880) resolution really was 4x 1280x720 (the OG "high def" before 1920x1080 took-over), but now the "q" stands for "QHD" which doesn't mean Quad-HD dimensions, but just 4x the pixels (which isn't impressive at all: as pixel-count increases squared as length increases). Grumble.

Apple still has their own LG-made 5K monitors but they don't play-nice with Windows, and it's even worse with Apple's horrendously priced 6K monitor - but other than that, there's still very few options left for people wanting or needing a large desktop workspace beyond getting a 40-inch 4K display and running it in 96dpi mode.
AMD just didn't have that kind of money.
The App Store was ruled in court not to be a monopoly.

Apple sells tools and parts to anyone who wants them, so it’s not really clear what you are talking about when it comes to repair.

But even if there was some merit to that point, it’s silly to suggest that their repair policies have anything to do with them buying a lot of silicon from TSMC.
>>to poke a hole in the idea that only things that can be reproduced in double blind studies are truth.

I agree, though I will selfishly bring it up to my own point of defining goals/scopes/mandates a priori :)

If my partner and I are discussing what's the best colour for the kitchen, double-blinded studies are of limited help and Truth is ephemeral and subjective :).

If we are discussing mathematical theorems, double-blinded study may be an irrelevant construct.

For some social or psychological areas, double-blinded study may be helpful but difficult or impossible to ethically configure, repeatably conduct, meaningfully interpret, and clean up of confounding variables etc.

And for yet other areas, it's the best tool we have to help confirm at a workable, useful, predictive model.
Competitor naming schemes? SEO hacking?

This case study mentions only one brand - their client.

Can you please elaborate what do you mean by that?
Probably none in the longer term.
Ok say I have a small class with an options object (I know perhaps not the best design...):

class Foo {
public function __construct(string $name, array $options)
{
$this->name = $name;
if ($options->enableFlag) { ...

I want to declare what $options are, in TS I could do:

type TFooOptions = {
enableFlag: boolean;
userIds: number[];
}

Then

function __construct(string $name, TFooOptions $options) ...

Otherwise how do I get proper typechecking if the IDE doesn't know what $options are?