skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
But you can’t distribute Firefox as Firefox either because of trademarks. Is there a difference?

edit: Ah. Now I get it, I think. You could distribute FF unchanged, which you could not do in this case.
> I think the author lives in a country with a trustworthy government because that's not the case for many people including me.

Well, given OP distrusts his government...
> Bitcoin and friends are not operating in a rational market

Have you considered the possibility that your personal model (which you presumably describe as rational) is just insufficiently complete to accurately model bitcoin? I think bitcoin is perfectly rational. A lot of people confuse things like impredicativity (e.g. in the pricing of monetized goods) with irrationality, but this is just a limitation of their mental model.
> And what is your policy for gifted students ?

My overall recommendations are here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29326295

I'd recommend that we try in elementary to make the current math curriculum reach a broader set of students through games, puzzles, and in-classroom competition that doesn't absolutely favor the strongest students. Maybe Tom is farthest in math and wins a lot, and maybe Amy has a natural talent for computation that makes her strong, but there's also some randomness and the ability for gambits in the game to let others have a chance of winning. The result is that everyone tries hard. Sorting students by level prematurely has been shown to be bad, so I think having levels before late upper elementary or early middle school is bad.

I think the link's recommendation of not sorting students based on level in middle school is bad-- my 7th grader is doing precalc now. But he was on the normal math path through elementary with some enrichment and diversions.

Gifted kids are hard to deal with in math in elementary, because they may have a good intuitive understanding of math, but they generally are not so developmentally ahead in focus, accuracy, etc. So while you may have some 9 year olds that can understand work intended for 14 year old students, they generally cannot do difficult problems with any degree of accuracy. They make too many mistakes, swapping coefficients and signs.

> The below is un-acceptable.

> "A key sticking point in the approval process has been the framework’s recommendation that teachers refrain from labeling students as “naturally talented” in math."

Gotta disagree with you on this one point. Labelling someone as having a natural talent helps no one. Label them as ahead, or having worked hard.

"Natural talent" may be the truth, but as a label is toxic for everyone. It's toxic for everyone else, because it's not something they can hope to have: why try? And it's toxic for the labelled-- anything that is hard can be threatening that this label of natural talent could be stripped away if they try and don't do well-- so why try.

Studies show that praising kids for "talent" or "intelligence" is actually demotivating.

Let's not rush to apply labels, but instead try to create environments where everyone can be motivated to try hard, excel, and grow. In middle school and up this can be through tracks. In late elementary this can be through differentiated instruction. And throughout elementary, we need to just focus on keeping it engaging and interesting and speaking to curiosity of everyone in the room, instead of drilling the poor kid who's struggling on arithmetic facts incessantly.

Another issue is that the labels are not overwhelmingly predictive. The students who are considered weakest in elementary school can improve a lot. And many of those who continue struggling may do so because they've internalized a message of being weak at math-- or internalized short term coping strategies imposed by teachers (e.g. given up on understanding and instead are trying to learn the correct sequence of juggling symbols by rote to pass this next class).
That is because no-one in the US could possibly conceive of a system in which college wasn't the thing that separates people. But if you are a Brit, you understand that almost all of the people you name went to the same high school and have the same background culturally...it is like all the Presidents you name not only going to the same colleges but also going to Philips-Exeter or Groton and having grown up in the North-East with parents who largely did the same jobs...that kind of thing is basically inconceivable to people from the US (the reason for this is a subtlety in how politicians are selected that, again, people unfamiliar with the detail of UK politics don't understand...to become an MP in some parts of the UK, particularly in the past, you only needed to win over at most 50 to 100 people...that is it, I am not talking about hundreds of years ago, I am talking about a decade ago...this changed slightly as both parties brought in changes to selection processes, but it is still hugely undemocratic in a way that would make no sense to anyone from the US).

Also, as I was careful to mention, the issue isn't necessarily that PMs went to the same university (although they did, your reasoning is backwards about Oxbridge...the UK has a large number of other very good universities that are better than Oxbridge in some subjects, the perception that it is a cut above is because all the PMs went there not because it actually is). It is cultural, and it is throughout govt...so in the US, you still see the same elite representation in the civil service...but it is nothing like the UK where there is close to 100% representation (the FCO is notorious for this, you need the right university, right high school, right primary education, and right parents...I know a guy who went to a £30k/year private school, parents went to Oxbridge, he got a first in IR from St. Andrew's a top university for IR, then got a distinction at KCL for IR again a top university globally for the subject, 4 high A grades at A-level...didn't even get an interview with the FCO). This is often very subtle because you have private schools teaching subjects like Classics...these subjects aren't really taught at all outside private schools, so if you go to a private school you can get into Oxbridge even if you are a relatively mediocre student if you apply to this subject (Theology is another, Land Economy is another...most students in the UK have no idea these routes into Oxbridge exist).
I worked in a campus bookstore with an old terminal system to access the inventory database. It was a simple text interface. What I loved about it was that the commands to navigate were quick to learn (key was first chars in command) and the response time was instant. So you could jump to any part of the system with a few keystrokes ingrained in muscle memory.
Lutron Caseta is the only 100% reliable smart home system I have encountered. It just does not go offline, ever. The cloud functionality is completely optional and additional. Your home internet AND WiFi can burst into flames and your lights will still work.
I've seen this be sorta true over the last 25 years at numerous places but only in limited environments where 99% of the code written was scripting based web languages. I most often work in Python now professionally (mostly security), at home it's C++ and Swift (gamedev). In Python/Js web work that holds some truth, in Security a little more, but in data science/engineering A LOT less where Jupyter and PyCharm are huge. My outside work is 100% in IDE's, XCode - CLion - PyCharm - Intellij, and in game dev or mobile native app dev? The vast majority of great developers are on IDE's. So to me drawing that conclusion is very risky in general and often bad advice to give to Jr's IMO unless they have a very narrow focus on the Web.
Yes, this is a good point. I wonder whether there is a proof to show that a solution exists that doesn't involve brute force.
In addition to Galatea, "Varicella" and "Alias Magpie" come to mind. In those, NPCs are not the primary focus, but there are some amusing ones and the world seemed alive to me.
Webrequest, the unexpected revolution of No-code
Ask HN: Why do you hate Postman (API platform)?
Hi HNers, I have seen some of hate/dislike towards Postman in lots of conversations here. I would like to know what you think of it and why you don’t like it.
Come on, be better than this.

This isn't about companies being made obsolete, this is about regular people losing a lot of money because they didn't understand the risks. They trusted some acquaintance or some family member and now they are ffed.
> This thread is a doxxers (not quite gold but perhaps bronze) mine, perhaps.

Please elaborate.
> Such claims must be further substantiated with strong and sufficient evidence.

No, it's the other way around. Bitcoin only employed approaches that were well-researched already, the innovation essentially was combining these together. The projects I mentioned claim that they can achieve better performance without the known costs of bitcoin (really slow, really energetically expensive). It is up to them to post proof how they achieve that.

> So what is a 'proper' / 'real' / 'true' cryptocurrency then? Are there any true Scotsmen here?

Projects with some form of blockchain, which Stellar and Ripple don't have. They are essentially just a horizontically scaled, classic database (running on the nodes), which the clients access. The nodes each have a full copy of the database. There's no blockchain, no mining or any substitute etc.

> Nano

I only replied with the projects named by posters before me. Nano has no blockchain, only a DAG (a proven, decades-old data structure used e.g. in spreadsheets). Nano invented their own consensus protocol. They have the usual suspicious claims (fast, no transfer fees, no/low energy costs) that are only really achievable with a centralized design (i.e. a conventional database). How can they achieve security without heavy costs for appending to the ledger?
Ahh, that makes sense, cool!

Yes, I am the CTO @ Clerk, and we do have per-user pricing right now, however, that doesn't mean we like it. It's something we've struggled with - how do you make pricing scale in some way, while still being clear, while also being predictable. There's also value in being in-line with the status quo - when your numbers are priced competitively using the "industry standard (auth0)" scale.

Every method, I think, has it's issues, and it's something we would like to make as frictionless as possible in the decision making process. I imagine with a "per CPU/mem usage model", you will run into a lot of questions.. (how am i supposed to know how much CPU/mem you, as a cloud provider, uses?). I also don't necessarily think gcloud/aws/etc. are the bastion of clear pricing.

Per API call seems more predictable, but still not as clear as the "at a glance, MAU number" Do product managers know how many API calls your average user would use? Yes, auth is most often implemented by devs, but are they always the buyer?

I do think there's something better, and I like thinking about new options :) We don't have a clear plan to change from MAU right now, but I hope we get there. Love ory btw, been following it for quite some time!
I can confirm these $s
Well, to be fair, some sub-corporation buys it. It's insured which is often gov subsidizing at this point. In other words, like all good entrepreneurs, they understand the risk and mitigate it.
> Any better than the two-file version:
> #define LIB_KNOB 123
> #include "lib.c"

See, now you have 3 files, the .h/.c file pair of the library, and your own implementation source file with the configuration which includes a .c file. How is this better than having two files?

> Too vague. How is it better, concretely?

I can only assume from that question that you haven't had the "pleasure" to work much with C/C++ build systems yet, at least when it comes to integrating 3rd party libraries.

Re. extension headers:

#define IMPLEMENTATION
#include "base_library.h"
#include "extension_library.h"

Since the implementation of the base library is in the same compilation unit as the extension library, the extension library has direct access to the private implementation details of the base library without having to add a separate 'private but actually public API'.

> no clear distinction between declarations and definitions

STB-style libraries have this clear distinction, C++ style header-only libraries don't.
Go talk to some Turkisch people and ask how they feel about the Lira.
This quote seems disconnected from recent observations:

> the big government spending programmes of the post-Covid era present a new
opportunity to try and push money into more productive sectors, which could ultimately bring wealth and growth back into alignment

We've seem some huge big government spending programs recently (monetary expansion and fiscal stimulus) and it's pretty clear the money has flowed into speculative asset classes, equities, and real estate. The conclusion is a non sequitir. Government spending programs have arguably caused the real estate bubble, not sure why more of them would have a different impact.

Here are some government programs that would probably help lowering housing prices:

* allow for multifamily housing

* remove the mortgage interest deduction

* implement land taxes instead of property taxes

* have the Fed stop purchasing mortgage backed securities (in the midst of a housing bubble)

* get the government out of the mortgage securitization business
> Big business is wasteful on our behalf. If I fly on plane, you'd blame American Airlines, but it was 100% my consumption.

the problem is that the development of technology is not done democratically. there is an artificial scarcity in the solutions the working class can choose between due to the way our economic system bottlenecks/limits innovation by imposing an 'intellectual property' regime. those with privileged access to existing techno-scientific tools can expand their control of intellectual property, and the exorbitant economic rents the state empowers them to extract.

> You can blame certain companies for lying about global warming or polluting even when it wouldn't raise costs.

> But that doesn't absolve you from your role in consumption.

again, you are implying we live in a world where we make choices. we do not. decisions are made for us way before we buy the products/commodities we use and consume from supermarket shelves or car dealer showrooms or wherever.

an example to counter your flights example. instead it's take the option between train and air travel and consider the underdevelopment (terrible state) of railways in the US compared to many other countries. 'consumers' cannot choose train travel in the US because the state has not invested in the infrastructure (despite the proven reduced CO2 emissions).

add to all this the fact that all modern tech was developed using taxpayer money (an example of state innovation is SEMATECH - basically a 'socialist' programme which had US tech companies temporarily waive patent claims (at the cost of $100 million payout from the US govt.)) to try to out-innovate Japanese firms together, because the existing economic systems that are supposed to foster innovation, didn't.

when you look at it from this systemic perspective, blaming individuals is gaslighting by the propertied class.

https://magazine.scienceforthepeople.org/vol24-2-dont-be-evi...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEMATECH

https://tribunemag.co.uk/2019/01/abolish-silicon-valley

https://jacobinmag.com/2015/03/socialism-innovation-capitali...
Interesting. Can you be more specific? Is it possible those prices are conflating different services, e.g. CDN vs network tunnels vs video streaming vs workers vs Pages vs object storage egress?

Even within just the CDN category, Cloudflare does a lot with its basic CDN offering (bot blocking, transformations, dynamic caching, etc.) that other vendors may charge as separate options.

That's not to say I don't believe you, I just wanted to make sure it's apples to apples.

Cloudflare's pricing model only really makes sense, IMO, if you're either a small/med business (which makes it an incredible deal) or if you're working cloud-native using their edge functions (workers, pages, etc.). If you're primarily using them to shield and proxy a LAMP monolith or similar for a large number of users, yeah, I can see how that would get expensive really quickly. There are other vendors who specialize only in that, being a dumb CDN. Cloudflare's value is that they enable completely new architectures based on their network topology... you can't easily do something like that on Fastly, for example.
The US imports massive amounts of silicon (from countries like Russia no less). We do not have our own supply.

And no, rare earths are not contained in semiconductors specifically, but I assumed the parent comment wants to onshore more production than solely semiconductors, and rare earths are needed for lots of essential electronics.
The 3-2-1 Backup Rule – Why Your Data Will Always Survive (2019)
Crypto is all about decentralized proof of trust yet somehow this eludes people who should know better. Please show me how you solve decentralized proof of trust (double spend) with postgres.

Indeed, crime did have a need for anonymous proof of trust that crypto solved. Why did crime have a need for that? Because crime lies beyond the realm of the status quo.

Criminals are to the status quo as pioneers and revolutionaries are.

In the "normal world", centralization gives us the situation where the organization in charge of authentication is the same organization that has the monopoly on violence. Indeed within the rules of this story we built crypto seems to be "a solution looking for a problem", as another stereotype argument goes. The problem is all around you.
How do you propose someone actually review VPN services? All of them work, have many countries available as egress points, and are fast enough.

The only actual differentiation is in attributes that are impossible to measure from the outside: Do they log accesses? Make logs available to governments? Sell it to data brokers for advertising purposes?

That's pretty much the only difference between good and bad providers, and there's no way to tell, so in-depth reviews are an impossible task.
Neat work.

Though I wouldn't be myself if I didn't have few nitpicks ;)

- You are mixing lossy and lossless compression in your rant. And you are mixing containers with formats. Thing about lossy compression is that it is by design stupidly slow and complex to produce smallest possible results which has best perceived quality. Compress once and trade time for both image and compression quality. Lossless is not that bad, although your simple solution is well, simple :)

- I feel like the benchmark suite is lacking. For better overview you probably should include libpng results with max compression level and lowest compression level. Lossless modes of AVIF and WEBP would be nice. (also could throw similar project to yours like https://github.com/catid/Zpng) Not saying the benchmark is bad, but IMHO doesn't paint the full picture. From quick test I got significantly better compression on libpng, ofc in expense of time, but you didn't configure libpng for speed either. So we have some results, but they are not really representative imho.

- I understand it is pet project, but don't forget about importance of image metadata, like colorspace and so on.

- Also keep in mind that compression is easy at the beginning, but the tricky part is how to squeeze more.

EDIT: formatting...
What's the diff with Gluu https://gluu.org/ ?
> controlling the lights and water, opening the windows and shades etc.

Pretty much all smart devices I own work just like their dumb counterparts if you need them to: Switches, bulbs, etc. I think this fear is overblown.

There's another comment about Hue lights not coming on for 10 minutes because of a bridge update. This makes no sense to me. If you disconnect the actual power to the bulb (via a switch) and then restore the power, they'll turn on at full brightness.
All monetized assets like USD or gold are "speculative". I speculate that my dollar probably won't lose more than 10-20% of its value in the next year.
i do take issue with security cameras filming me. it bothers me, because yes, maybe the images get wiped unseen, but maybe not. how secure are those cameras? who gets access to the feed?

on the other hand, if a photographer takes a photo of me, i don't care as long as the photo doesn't get published.

i take photos myself, and in general my attitude is that publishing one of my photos requires the permission of all subjects in it. when i put photos on my own website then i explicitly add a license that allows a subject in the photo to use it for their own purposes as they see fit.

so as a photographer i explicitly give control back to the subjects in the photo, because that is how i believe this should be handled.
Which does not matter because most of stuff still rides Java 8.
Yeah that’ll do (and there and the owners lack of respectful for animal life) I didn’t even know I only use them to hold a few domains I’ve never even looked at or thought about using anyone else. Weird how out of the loop I am on this for being a web developer, but that’s why I asked here.
> Every newly-built house lowers the value of every already-built house.

Do you mean every already-built house nearby or every already-built house in the world?

If you mean nearby then your theory would predict that places like San Francisco, Manhattan, and Paris would be among the cheapest places in the world to buy housing. This is very much the opposite of the truth, so if that's what you mean, then either your theory is completely wrong or the effect it describes is swamped by other effects that are much more important determinants of housing value.

If you mean in the world then I suppose it's possible that you're correct in a market-value sense, since the effect on the price of my house due to someone in Shanghai building a nice new condo would be to drop the price by, say, US$0.00003. But if we're talking about use-value rather than exchange-value (which is the sense in which it really matters whether things are zero-sum, positive-sum, or negative-sum) it's hard to see how that could be true. Perhaps you think the use-value of my house is primarily that it enables me to laugh at the suffering of the homeless beggars of Dhaka? I assure you I spend zero time on that activity.

So I think it's clear that your theory is just completely bogus.
Wouldn't it make sense to transcode to a GPU-specific lossless, compressed format for rendering?
>go read the UniswapV2 contract. If you don’t think that’s a cool innovation, please come back and let me know, I’m interested.

I feel like the coolness of Uniswap requires putting the cart before the horse. If I'm not convinced of the real utility of these tokens, why would I be impressed with the ability to move them around in various clever ways? I need to see a valuable external use case before I can see the value in what Uniswap enables.
that’s right, appraisal/assessment methods can be changed more easily than tax law, and could be a potential avenue for more equitable/productive taxation. the barrier is, of course, working with the ~5000 property taxing jurisdictions in the US, each its own special form of opaque bureaucracy, averse to any and all risk-taking (not saying this to discourage, but to show the magnitude of the challenge).
According to US Semiconductor Association's recent State of the Industry Report, Taiwan's share in the manufacturing equipment part of the supply chain is almost nil and entirely depends on suppliers in the US, Japan and EU.

Manufacturing Equipment (12%):
US: 40%
Japan: 32%
EU: 18%
S Korea: 4%
Taiwan: <1%

Wafer Fabrication (19%):
Taiwan: 20%
S Korea: 19%
Japan: 17%
China: 16%
US: 12%
EU: 9%

I guess Apple's decision to leave Samsung's Austin fab back in early 2010's to TSMC in Taiwan had an outsized role in TSMC's lead in tech and rise in revenue -- Apple accounts for 25% of TSMC sales.

[1] https://www.semiconductors.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/20...:
POLKADOT does that right? Does anybody else do that?