skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Maybe I wasn't clear. I'm aware public health officials flipped the script on masks.

Can you find ANY example of a public health official publicly stating how effective cloth masks are? Not that they ARE effective, but HOW effective? As in how much disease spread is prevented from wearing cloth masks.

I believe you will not be able to find any record of a public health official making a claim like "Wearing cloth masks reduces COVID spread by approximately X%."

My hypothesis for why you won't find this is because the % is extremely low, in the < 5% range.
I love how this makes them admit that an average payment processing fee is only 4% (Less in the US actually, not sure about SK)
This seems like a great idea. It doesn't even need to happen all at once. Starting with limiting what can be done by code run at compile time or editor load time would pull the teeth of the novel attacks in the article. Later, more interesting things like 'no files with unsafe code that haven't been audited' could be tackled.
Whereas most people most people who believe unfounded conspiracies suffer from a profound distrust in authorities and channels of information that are often deceitful and secretive, and turn to hucksters in a desperate search for an explanation for why the most powerful forces in the world are always lying to them.

You really don't think distrust in government is fueled by an untrustworthy government - that everyone who distrusts now would distrust no matter what the government does or does not do?

You make an excellent case for ending all transparency or ethics monitoring. Haters gonna hate, right?
Consider it spending to prevent vaccine hesitancy. It would probably be more effective then a advertising campaign with the same money (provided the documents indicate everything is on the up and up) as it stands this looks bad and will push people further away.
Maybe the government should stop printing money, so we don’t devalue the lower incomes savings and stagnant income.
In my experience this here (usually some method unexpectedly getting passed `nil`) is the single biggest class of bugs in production Ruby applications.

Also, what happens when you don't get a NoMethodError? Duck typing is an extremely common practice in Ruby, which means that you can easily run into situations where code "runs" but the output is nonsensical.
Have to. Not get to.
I wonder if someone at the FDA was like "hey, you know what would be funny....."
https://archive.md/jdb7t
My experience with a medium-size but long timespan project was the two things you mentioned a bit dismissively are actually pretty massive time sucks. People are terrible at stubbing, and refactoring without types is painful. The vast majority of my Ruby experience is within Rails, so maybe that's a contributing factor?

Having types not line up at various boundaries (DB/API/reading from a file) is already a pain, but Ruby made it worse by having that bad data pass through many layers until it actually blows up somewhere far removed from the issue. I worked on very real bugs where e.g. a corner case lead to a date being deserialized as a string and then because the last few characters were numeric interpreted as a number so when treated as a date resolved as millis since epoch (or something similarly crazy). It took ~1 of those bugs for me to be convinced that I had no interest in dealing with those kinds of problems, and adding a 'Date' type means it fails in exactly the right place immediately and is a 2 second fix.

I agree with you though - it'd be a silly test to write, so how do you get the correctness/robustness without either types or tests that look like they're effectively validating types?
Thanks for the information, that is very useful. Do you have a list of “gotchas” to watch out for while working with Solana, or blockchains in general?
This has been part of Apple's argument all along. The 30% was never for payment processing but for the overall "ecosystem".
I'd bet that no one person has read all 329,000 pages, but I would bet that somebody looked at almost any given page.

I'm hedging a bit on "any" because a New Drug Application is supposed to contain "the whole story of the drug." As a result, it includes the original and translated copies of any non-English publications related to the drug. It includes case reports for every participant who died during the trial, including in the placebo group. It includes information on related patents and licensing arrangements.
That was true when they were talking it up too and was acknowledged as the final frontier by boosters (look at the Yegge article on this topic, for instance, which spends a fair bit of time on the topic and how it could be improved http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/05/dynamic-languages-st...). If anything, those tools have made truly impressive strides even in hard cases like JS and Ruby.
Good observation about YC finding startups. I'm trying to help create them: https://cxo.industries
If you measure a (possibly representative) subset of a population (not all of NYC was measured) it's not uncommon to describe that as estimation, not measuring.
Somebody screwed up somewhere, so entire organization must suffer for all eternity?
I'm neurodiverent too so I feel you! People are really rough on those with ADHD and making steps forward with all that trauma from "failing" or whatever from childhood is a real thing. You're exactly on point with the self acceptance/non judgement part, but it takes a lot of time to cultivate!

So glad you've found the support you've needed and things that worked for you. That's one of the biggest components of therapy working and I'd say that often that connection with the therapist and humanistic element is missing here in the US, especially if you need to use the larger clinics on Medicaid. It sucks when therapists try to circumvent things before a trusting relationship has been made.

Thank you so much for the Smiling Mind app meditation, it looks like it's based in AU which may be why I didn't hear of it! Another one I like is Buddify, and there's another app called FocusMate that I use as a life hack when I'm having problems completing tasks.
"The alternative being that they reviewed a small portion of said documents, which would render their argument completely moot, since they would only need to release the documents they actually used during their decision"

This is incorrect - this is not actually what they requested.
Look at the complaint (https://fingfx.thomsonreuters.com/gfx/legaldocs/klvykdlryvg/...), paragraph 5

CFR (code of federal regulations) says:
"“After a license has been
issued, the following data and information in the biological product file are immediately available
for public disclosure unless extraordinary circumstances are shown: (1) All safety and
effectiveness data and information. (2) A protocol for a test or study . . .” 21 C.F.R. § 601.51(e)."

They requested all data that 21 CFR 601.51 authorizes, except for the adverse reaction reports available in the VARS database.

So whether the FDA reviewed or relied on all 329,000 pages, they are requesting all 329,000 pages.

Worse, of course, is that they deliberately ...'d the part that makes it take so long (this will, btw, piss off the judge and clerk who read the brief, since they will go and read that and see immediately that it happened)

Go look at 21 CFR 601.51(e) and subsequent parts, and you can see the FDA is required to do exactly what they said:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFR...

In practice, this is just the posturing phase - 90% of what the plaintiffs requested is probably pointless.

The CFR says "
(g) For purposes of this regulation, safety and effectiveness data include all studies and tests of a biological product on animals and humans and all studies and tests on the drug for identity, stability, purity, potency, and bioavailability."

So like, this is probably tens of thousands of pages of blood pressure and heart rate readings for 10,000 anonymous people kind of thing. Along with tens of thousands of pages of blood test results, etc.

And then tens of thousands of pages of purity testing of random vaccine lots ;)

Usually, the judge will tell both sides to try to figure it out, they will get together and the plaintiffs decide "yeah, maybe we only really need 10k pages" and the defendants decide "yeah, we can do 10k pages in 3-4 months" and the case settles.

It would be super unlikely for the judge to order the FDA to produce 329,000 redacted pages of documents in very short order.
By this do you mean making all consumer software free and all new consumer software must be free?
That's funny, plenty of politics in the vast majority of threads.But hey, that's what people want that's what they get.
Wouldn't solve the issue. You can have censorship with open source software and so long as there is a locked bootloader you couldn't easily replace the software. Also, even if the bootloader was unlocked the majority of people aren't technical enough to replace the software that is doing the censorship.
Human rights are universal
flagged dead posts don't get seen. so commenting on them is just shouting into the void. both are now flagged dead. someone is purposefully killing discussion of this article.
I had installed a Mastodon node during my research for finclout. I stopped after the realization that I don't want to use an inferior of an already existing product. Who in their right mind would? Btw, I have the same problem with the first iteration of DESO/Bitclout. New social networks should bring something that the existing ones don't have and for the end-user decentralization doesn't matter.
This is not correct, and i'm not sure why you think this.

The law on this is clear, and generally, FOIA requests for the data are met (AFAIK)

Can you point to an example where they have denied release?
By "public" buildings I meant "open to the public".
Worst offenders of this are supermarkets and big retailers IMO.
That's cool!

Could we have a desktop version to data-mine local collections of knowledge material (i.e. all kinds of media)?

I would really like an AI desktop search engine that can answer natural language questions.
Everyone keeps repeating this assumed idea that it's "just" a payment processing fee which is simply not true and never has been.

The fee is for:
- access to install base and customer relationship
- funds development of the platform, SDK, and tools
- funds development of the store
- funds operation of the store
- profit for the company
- last and least: payment processing

Could those things be funded differently? Yes... but it would require a radical restructuring of the way mobile platforms work that would not be favorable to startups or independents. It would also lead to massive fracturing of the customer relationship, lower trust, and ultimately shrink the total dollars spent on software (though the big players would make more money). People trust Apple or Google with their credit card. They know the platform requires all subscriptions show up in one place and they don't need to call and argue with a sales rep to cancel. Be prepared for all of that to disappear when it becomes a free-for-all. Stop pretending this kind of "freedom" is completely free of consequences even for those who don't take advantage of that "freedom".
They have a higher center of gravity? /s
> Reddit and Twitter even though they publicly loath and complain about these platforms

I guess the old adage that either people complain or don't use the software still holds true.
Haha, appreciate it!
Cracking the Adventure Time Cipher
I appreciate your illumination of the Scholastic format, and especially the quaestio phase. I find I often desire to understand the structure of a writer or speaker’s thinking, so that I may gain a better sense of how they model the world. One reason why I am given to prefer long-form blog posts or forum replies from subject-matter experts over shorter form content. Answering 5 or 6 questions at once, which all may be divergent in their lines of inquiry, seems like it would help with that. For the questioners, as well, it might promote higher quality, better structured, or more incisive questions. If you’re not going to get a rapid-fire follow up, a la a cable TV debate show, you’re going to have to pack as much as you can into your single inquiry.

I haven’t experimented much with how I present my thoughts, but much as Paul Graham has asserted repeatedly, I pursue longer-form writing to better structure my thoughts.
"On-Topic: Anything that good hackers would find interesting. That includes more than hacking and startups. If you had to reduce it to a sentence, the answer might be: anything that gratifies one's intellectual curiosity."

I don't think it breaks any rules, but it might be considered off-topic by many. It's certainly not why I come to HN.
Hi friend. Fellow bipolar here. I don't want to really type up my stories, but I can relate. Glad to see you're doing better now, me too.

:)
Eh, not really. I can straight-up embed the source of this and run with it if I want something that's html++ rather than "a new JS project". I know the API, because the source is simple. It's a small tool, for small jobs.

There is nothing wrong with choosing the simpler option.
Thanks for sharing your project! The passion you put into It definitely shows! Serenity OS looks amazing, and your projects paradigm's align with some of my own for general purpose software.

If I wasn't so locked into my own software ecosystem, and I had time to dabble with a new OS, I would absolutely try yours out. For the time being, I'll subscribe to your YouTube channel.
I don't know, covid is much more intangible with flu-like symptoms. Small pox is very visible in a way that's hard to deny and very different from other common less dangerous illnesses so there is less toconflate it with.
People often say how battery cars are more efficient than fuel cell cars, and we should focus our resources to the former. Some even called fuel cell cars dumb. This is short sighted in my opinion. If fuel cell cars are more popular, it encourages more green hydrogen production and investment. Once there are more green hydrogen, then we can truly decarbonize the chemical and industrial sectors. There are so many industrial processes requiring hydrogen as a reactant. Fuel cell cars can be a catalyst to decarbonize sectors well beyond the auto industry.
This is the most frustrating part - having worked in an enterprise Rails project, I wouldn't wish that on anyone valuing their own time. At the same time, it is the most complete offering I've used by a long shot for getting started.

I was writing a web app in Rust (I want to be cool!) and only after a couple hours of implementing CRUD did I realize I'd effectively made an inconsistently implemented rails scaffolding. The default opinionated round trip for DB -> application -> UI for CRUD is still really slick.
Flagged and flagged dead are two different things: flagged dead doesn’t mean “strenuously flagged”. If the post is dead, no one can comment on it.
It hard to tell if these modules contained IR interference filters, some of the part numbers are only for sensors not modules. If they have interference filters I could see that there would be a strong IR reflection. It would be interesting to see the results with a absorptive filter, although I am guessing real spy cameras have no filter at all. Improve the sensitivity vs making a pretty picture.
You can check https://collab.land/ which allows Discord users to access certain channels after proving token ownership.
How is "go build ." and scp more complex than managing an integration with a 3rd party using a proprietary API
The FDA is required by the CFR to redact certain things from the publicly available file.

The privately available file (IE what they get) is not redacted.

You are correct that there are complex data management systems managing the trial, but i don't think they can quite meet all the CFR requirements in practice. At least, they couldn't when i used to know a lot more about this.

Neither side is right - the plaintiffs are playing language games in a lot of places to make it seem like this is easy. Even with the management systems, it's not.

Th FDA is playing games in saying thy need to review 330,000 pages (like, tons of them are just trial data and chart results. They are standardized page formats, etc. There will be no additional text or names.)
Disagree. Just make it available with a clearly visible note saying it might not be updated, so verify once before using it for emergencies.

People insist on making simple things too complicated.
You'd think that if anyone had motivation to open source a high performance compiler it would be the company making the chips. Anyone know why they don't?
I believe that is through the Open Banking API/standard[0]. Anecdotally, henever I've connected bank accounts, it's been limited to three months until having to re-authenticate and get new keys.

[0] https://www.openbanking.org.uk/what-is-open-banking/
That's a nice theory, but it's required by law that the FDA not do that :)

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFR...

Part e and friends.
I didn't dig into the FOIA submitters here, but I can say there are intentional, organized efforts by some people opposed to the vaccine to delay the rollout via paperwork requests.

We had some anti-vaccine literature emailed around at work that purported to be a legal form to submit to anyone pressuring you to take a vaccine.

Instead of, you know, politely opting out, it went straight down the rabbit hole of requesting every document that was legally required (e.g. full list of vaccine ingredients, verified chain of custody from point of manufacture, full study results including any reactions, etc).

I'm all for skepticism, but at some point, there's just being a dick and wasting the time of others trying to do their best in government bureaucracies.
We don't believe the science, because we don't WANT to believe it. And it's still 10-20 years away, we think. We will just move north (or south). We will just move inland or uphill. We can science our way out of this shit.
Not true. None of that is true. When food prices start to skyrocket, and refugees swarm in from every direction including our own country, where will we go?
This should be seen as a slow motion meteor strike, a world-buster event that happens right in front of our eyes before we can react. But we must take action.
I don't think a public health official averaged out all the research on masks and came up with a percentage. A lot of public policy was binary: masks prevent spread, but COVID can also spread through eyes and ears. We do not want general public to think they are fully protected with masks, and they will never understand nuance, only clear directions. So, do not wear masks, they are not effective for you. Ivermectin, Vitamin D, and HCQ are 100% ineffective, so get your shot.

You should test your hypothesis. Masks clearly help spread. But these are better at preventing spread to others, than for preventing catching COVID. So a larger percentage of people has to wear masks for it to be effective. I protect you, you protect me. There is a ton of research from before the pandemic (if you allow me to extrapolate influenza to a novel coronavirus with common sense, not wait on the randomized trial to finish), and now also a lot of reviews and aggregations of mask effectiveness.
If you are actually really really paying attention to the hype train, Next.js is actually the trendiest app development tool. Go is a bit more infra and Rust more niche performance cases.

Source:

https://insights.stackoverflow.com/trends?tags=next.js%2Crus...

https://star-history.t9t.io/#rust-lang/rust&golang/go&vercel...
> But the plaintiffs note that the FDA has 18,000 employees and a budget of $6 billion

So what? Are they supposed to do stuff like assign the software development team to do document review for the next couple years? Because I'm pretty sure almost all of those 18,000 employees have very different jobs than FOIA document review (and may not appreciate reassignment), and that budget is already allocated to other stuff that's probably higher priority.

Also, the bottleneck may not only be staffing. What if they staff this with 1,000 people, and those guys are all waiting on one dude at Pfizer?

> and “has itself said that there is nothing more important than the licensure of this vaccine and being transparent about this vaccine.”

A FIOA request has nothing to do with licensure, and transparency doesn't necessarily mean doing whatever someone demands (to give an exaggerated example: if you say it's important to be transparent, and someone asks for nudes "for transparency," they haven't proven you wrong if you don't provide them), or doing that thing on their schedule.
As mentioned by at least one other comment (buried in a thread), in reality, don't do this. If you care about the performance of the loop /that/ much, just hand code the vectorization/assembly yourself. Use some sort of profiler to make sure it hits peak throughput and declare victory.
>Do you actually play chess?

Yes. I have a chess set on my kitchen counter from playing blindfold last night. I led my high school to the state championship. I am rated ~2000 in blitz and crazyhouse on Lichess. I watched 10+ analysis videos of AlphaZero when it came out.

If you have a criticism of my claim, just state the criticism. Even if I was a grandmaster, I would not be immune from being wrong.

And to be clear, my claim is that human experts usually (not always) understand the pros and cons of a move made by AlphaZero. My claim is not that human experts usually know why one move, with its set of pros and cons, was selected over another move, with a different set of pros and cons.

And of course, there are exceptions. Super long endgame sequences, for example. Even with a lifetime I doubt any human can understand these sequences beyond the tautological "it's winning because it wins": https://en.chessbase.com/post/just-one-of-17-823-400-766-pos...
The West is instutionally captured by established power structures whose financial and political profit is dependant on a new Cold War, in which the bulk of the Red Scare-ish craziness is realized as yellow perilist propaganda.
All users would like easily swappable phone batteries, but all users would also like waterproof phones that push the boundaries of thin & light.

All users would like Fords in more colors than black, but all users would also like the low cost that comes from a simplified assembly line and repair center and distribution channel that comes from only having one paint color.

What users want will never kill you, but you have to consider all of the things that they want, not just the most obvious or apparent ones (or the ones with the loudest proponents).
Expecting everyone to know how to read a hexdump is a very unusual take on CS education; I would not rank platform-specific assembly knowledge above control flow statements, command-line semantics, or other Intro to Programming-type material.

There's also whole categories of user-hostile software that can't be fixed with a simple binary patch -- ASM can still be obfuscated, or DRM might be enforced by a secondary processor. Dealing with those at a technical level is what I would definitely consider above the basics.

Similarly, right to repair advocacy has focused on cultural and legislative changes rather than greater technical competence. It's a good and useful skill but addressing the ills of the software industry won't come from assembly knowledge.
To verify that they're not made up?
Thanks for knocking some cobwebs off the old neural pathways. I’d totally forgotten about viper mode.
It's unfortunate because there was no need at all for it to be such a painful transition. Even when you do have all the packages you need available in ROS 2 the experience is still notably more complex and less developer friendly. Just consider what it says that at ROSCon this year a 3rd-party library was highlighted that lets ROS 2 python nodes use the ROS 1 API, almost four years after the first official ROS 2 release.