skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Edit: Can someone tell me... Is it necessary to have a new type system or could this be done with dependent types?

I played around with trying to implement an effect library (via the research) in dependently typed languages (Idris, Agda) and found type inference issues to be too much to work around. I found I was having to help the type checker along at every step -- explicit signatures on everything and, in Haskell terms, type/proof applications on function calls. On the other hand, I have found Koka -- until I started pushing the type system to its limits -- to require no hand-holding to figure out how to type its set of effects.

I am curious if a dependently-typed wizard could figure out an encoding to make these issues go away, but it was beyond my capability.
Not the parent, but I’ve found Sandi Metz conference talks to be an amazing resource for learning more about this message focused approach.
They said, after taxes they wouldn't have enough money left to care for the document.
Conflating N95 respirators with masks indicates you are not arguing in good faith.
The original source:

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal...
There’s not much to know about SpaceX’s thrusters. They’re basic Hall Effect thrusters that run on a noble gas chemically identical to Xenon but slightly less efficient (since the mass of each singly ionized ion is lower for Krypton, so for the same mass of propellant, you have to ionize more atoms than you would for Xenon… plus the ionization energy per atom may be different) and much cheaper. You could run them on Argon, if you wanted. A Noble Gas is a Noble Gas, to first and second order.

There’s no real reason we couldn’t run Xenon thrusters on Krypton except the lower density of Krypton means somewhat heavier tanks for the same mass of propellant.
Probably because he previously designed an ISA backplane to plug it into: https://alexandrugroza.ro/microelectronics/system-design/isa...
Do you think it would be feasible to do a git-lfs replacement based on elfshaker?

Down the line maybe it would even be possible to have binaries as “first-class” (save for diff I guess)
lavarand was invented and patented by SGI in 1996: https://www.lavarand.org/news/lavadiff.html
The classic cognitive trick--people, unless specifically trained not to, will always estimate the best possible scenario, even if past experience has told them that the best possible scenario never happens.

I'm dealing with this at my company right now. Our clients, and even our internal teams, will always refuse to estimate according to our past behavior.

Us: "We estimate your build will be functional in prod in five months."

Client: "Unacceptable. That's way too long. We need it in three."

Us: "Okay, we technically can do that, but that relies on a big internal release that we think is risky to base estimates on."

Client: "All I'm hearing is that you can do it in three."

Then we get to three months and hit delays over and over again until finally, five months later, the build is functional in prod.

The thing that really frustrates me is that when we deliver the initial estimate, the clients always refuse to accept our medium-case estimate, with the implication that they'll drop us as a vendor if we follow that. So we give them our best-case estimate, fail to hit it, and then they buy more from us anyway, complaining the entire time.

Why don't we all just look at the past 10 builds we delivered for them, admit that the best-case never happens, and stop pretending like it's unacceptable to take longer? The point here is that they keep accepting it. Everyone complains, but we all keep selling and buying to and from each other. Let's just admit it's harder than we're saying to get software built and accept longer estimates, given that we're all going to keep selling and buying anyway.
Wait.. they loaned 100% of the property value to someone with not much of a credit history?
I think, they will pay it back, but it's rather sad for the gas fees of paying back all that money.
If we're trying to handle the case of greedy doctors, why would a doctor accept a very sick patient who is going to require a higher-than average amount of care and probably not live (i.e. pay) as long? If they can't pick their patients, how do you protect the unlucky ones who end up with too many very sick patients?
Stewardship has extra costs associated with insurance, safe transport, etc.

They talked about this in the discord.

Ultimately they went as high as they could go given these costs.
The move to rollups for cheaper transactions has begun but isn't fully distributed yet. You can use Arbitrum or Optimism for much cheaper transactions today. And transaction fees are free on Immutable X (NFT marketplace) and Dydx (perpetuals marketplace), which are zero knowledge rollups that leverage a clever compression technique to transact with 1/100th the cost or less.
As others have said, I don't find these arguments very convincing - if castles were mainly residences, then why have crenelations, or arrow slits or a moat, doesn't that argument apply equally to those? The argument that if such a defensive feature was needed, then its already too late, and so it was probably never used is also not a good one imo. Has the CWIS gun on aircraft carriers ever actually been used in combat? Am I to conclude that CWIS has no defensive use and is purely architectural ornamentation?

The only good point is that it wasn't mentioned by contemporary sources, but I don't think this proves anything unless you can show that other defensive features on castles were mentioned. Otherwise maybe we just have bad sources about castle design. But if you can show me some documents about why eg. moats are designed they way they are, then I think you have a point.
Very cool to see a competitor to mmm.page. I think this is an absolutely awesome direction to get more people making their own, unique personal sites.

Great work, and I look forward to seeing your huge update!
You're right to remind that the filesystem is a metaphor, a model and not the reality of what's going on on the computer. The thing is it's still the common denominator between different IDEs and text editors. IDEs cannot be used in every situation so any professional developer who uses an IDE also knows his way around with a text editor. If we were to come up with a better abstraction than the file system, it would have to be shared between different IDEs for interoperability. My understanding is that Smalltalk was such an attempt but somehow that aspect of it didn't really spread. Are you aware of current progress being made in this area?
Spinlaunch is potentially okay for cargo, assuming they can overcome limitations imposed by atmospheric drag, and scale up sufficiently to make it practical; but the G forces involved make it impossible to use for human spaceflight.

IMO the closest thing to a space elevator realistically achievable with today's technology would be a Skyhoook: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyhook_(structure)
Your hope for my health is the nicest thing I've read today, thank you, friend.

Indeed, I have gotten vaccines and boosters when necessary for my entire life.
If you're a developer, Moodle is fine, because it needs a developer to become usable for most businesses. It might be better for academia, but for business use it's garbage.
Show HN: Yusuke, an app to memorize 178 national flags
This is an exciting design exploring a different combination of language features. From the Design Considerations page:

> For this reason we purposefully leave out one otherwise very prominent feature: there are no first-class functions!

> Instead, we treat all functions as second-class (Osvald et al.). While functions which (following Ruby jargon) we call blocks can take other blocks as arguments, they always have to be fully applied.

I'm still trying to figure out the implications and limitations of this choice. There's no composition by returning a function but can still compose effects.
Start writing a good design document, and somebody might implement an open source version of it.
These look like really oddball packages that few would consider using.

How many of those 41000 are automatic build systems, mirrors and security scanners?
Why Amazon Stock Popped on Thursday
Starbucks is looking at "just walk out" from Amazon. This is pretty big if they can figure out how to work with other retailers. In 2016 my first experience using the Seattle GO store was golden. I think it is the best way to shop hands down. The problem is that most retailers don't want to work with Amazon.
I have no respect for this guy as he sold out the whole Eastern Europe to Stalin at Yalta.
SpinLaunch is easily the dumbest thing I've seen this year, and I got to become aware of NFTs this year. It's going to end up in the long list of grifts designed to bleed investors.
I think they mentioned somewhere (maybe on discord) that they also want to support linux and windows. But it is easier to start with one platform, prove the product works and then add support for other platforms (if there's enough demand) :)
“that, at least in Sweden and the occupations we study, hiring discrimination in entry level jobs is primarily a problem for men in female-dominated occupations,”

That's interesting. I work in a female-dominated occupation (libraries), but, it's only female dominated at the lower levels. Historically, at least, directors/managers and the upper level folks tended to be men, and those are of course the only jobs that pay very well. So while there's waaay more female librarians, there's way more male library directors. I think that's been slowly changing recently. I don't see that they look at libraries in this study, nor do they mention managers.
If we go along with the idea that gun makers are at least partly responsible for school shootings*, then let’s make Apple at least partly responsible for stalkers using their products to stalk. Let them figure out the rest, including solutions for people without any electronics.

Maybe they need to give everyone on request a device to detect them, but even then you have to know what Airtags are and know to (and how to) request this device, so it’s still an imperfect solution.

Maybe they ought to do a background check and have Airtags registered to your name, that you’re legally responsible for. This sounds crazy now, but it may be the discussion society is having in 10 or 20 years.

At the least, they shouldn’t release an app to detect these. They should release a white paper so everyone can have their own implementation of Airtag detection.

As for me, I’m fully prepared to see my ass bearing down on a toilet as I’m about to take a shit in a toilet paper advertisement. We need strong privacy laws. Technology has upended everyday life and there’s very little room left for you to not be monitored by stalkers^W marketers^W the rest of the world.

* I’m not saying this is a good idea, but it looks like Remington might legally bear some liability for Sandy Hook.
> but the onus is on the user to lock down their equipment. Not the manufacturers.

Huh? Why? I mean the user needs to have responsibility for the equipment they use, but it is absolutely also the manufacturers responsibility to produce reasonably locked down equipment.
Another approach is microG, as used by CalyxOS:

https://calyxos.org/docs/guide/microg/
Good catch! Thanks for the heads up.
But if there's no evidence of something, the best you can say is that you don't know. And it's possible that the dominant orientation is just an accident, in which case they wouldn't even have a "reason" to document.
How long does the battery of the tag last vs the battery of a full phone?
Can you talk about this some more? Also do you mean eBPF or iBPF or iBGP? If it's BGP that's just too complicated/expensive for a lot of the small businesses I deal with.
Avoid frostbite: Stop doing code freezes
Looking forward to see how Elon tweets himself out of this one.
Show HN: Python Crawler for Google Maps
It's 10 cents or less on layer 2 solutions like Polygon or zkSync.

Ethereum mainnet has incredibly high demand for block space right now because there's hundreds of billions of dollars worth of value trading on top of it. And at that scale $10 is peanuts.
What would be interesting to know is what % of Windows users actually want to use Windows (as opposed to being forced to do so through corporate/organizational dictates).
This is $10 for sending a transaction in the base Ethereum blockchain. Imagine you're sending millions, can do so quickly, only for $10, and without needing permission or paperwork from any bank? Also, most normal transactions should happen at Layer 2, which would cost orders of magnitude less. zkSync, which is a layer 2 solution for Ethereum, is incredibly cheap and inherits the same security as the base chain. The costs would be fractions of a penny.
Again, you miss the novelty of the algorithm due to your smugness. I have updated the article to point out explicitly where the novelty is at. You completely ignored that. In fact, I believe you didn't even read that far before your jumping out to write this dismissal.

I wrote a blog post for lay people to read. I am under no obligation to do an extensive literature review, I only need to mention the essentials.

You just cannot seem to swallow the fact that someone who does not have a Ph.D in IR or computational linguistics can come in to contribute quickly then move on to something else. It hurts your feelings deeply, does it? Heed my advice, just get over it, don't take your degree or your specialization too seriously. It does not matter.
Not when an exploit is made possible thanks to integrity being compromised.

The castle walls stand, yet everything burns thanks being able to turn a candle into the table.
There is a lot of untapped potential here. I was close to early enterprise adopters of Articulate which was a much more limited product in the mid-2000s. Pharma had HQ training (yearly compliance plus some specialist courses), but field sales has regular training and updates which was a full time production effort. A single LMS could have worked across the org as long as it had enough of the nudging and reporting which would have served the industry needs.

It seems that many people on HN struggle with understanding the needs of industries because their formative experience is as developers in startups and tech. This really inhibits the ability of folks to attack opportunities later when they want to create a startup. The number of times I've seen enterprises play with startup tools while they wait for the industry incumbent to catchup is very high.
A buyer's premium (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyer%27s_premium for background, https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2021/the-constitutio... for the details) ? Some quick and dirty maths suggest the final price to be $48,522,000.00
70% is an election landslide, but I'm not sure it tells you that one kind of staircase is preferred over another.

If the swordsman theory were correct, it ought to be higher. Either it is really important that you can defeat invaders on stairs, and handedness matters for this, or it's not that big a deal and we can let some other consideration decide, for instance the descending stairs hypothesis.

So if was a big deal you'd think everyone would insist on having the stairs the right way, nearly 100%. If not there might be another weaker reason that leads to 70%.
" a profit maximizing firm should not discriminate between workers of equal productivity based on immutable characteristics "

Gender is an immutable characteristic? That's debatable. But whether it is or isn't doesn't seem to make discriminating by it better or worse. That makes immutability a poor discriminator of tolerable discrimination.
You could make a compromise. If you have a rough idea where you'll ditch, you can radio that to air traffic control and ships can be sent ahead of time so that when / if the ditching happens, they can to try to rescue people. Ships can act as bases for helicopters as well.
It's powered batteries, from the article:

At the back of the robot are two titanium spheres—each somewhere between the size of a yoga ball and a beach ball—filled with batteries that power a year of continuous operation.

It also has a sensor so it drives into the current.

The oversized treads make a mess of the seafloor. “Even though it is moving very slowly, it doesn't take much to create this huge dust storm,” says Sherman. “We always want to be driving into the current, so that it can push the sediment that is disturbed behind us.” So before the rover moves, it uses a sensor to get an idea of the current direction of the … er, current, then heads straight for it.
You have a cartoonish view of reality.
>This will be news to all the bloggers out there still successfully publishing things and getting read on the internet.

"Died off" simply means the author doesn't use it. RSS and Firefox are widely reported as dead, and surely buried somewhere near the BSDs.

When you change the people around you to be more like you, those who differ no longer exist. So any voice that disagrees can not be human like you. This is the power of social media. Not a reaper of stale software and stuffy practices, but a surgical scythe on the user's sympathy for others.
> Is it more secure? Doesn’t seem like it.

Why not? Unless all 9 "insecure" sources are 100% attacker-controlled or broken at the same time, they would still be adding entropy.

Each additional source is adding one more hoop for the attacker to have to jump through.

The more sources are added, the less the chance that all of them are broken or attacker-controlled at the same time on the same computer.

Conversely, if you only have one (presumably good) entropy source it would be much easier for it to be compromised than if you have 10 sources, including the good one (even though some of them are easier to break than others).
With the word "debt", smarmy PMs love to say we're "leveraging debt" for some great purpose, as though it's a net neutral or better
It's easy for any individual user who is reading HN and cares enough to spend time setting up their own device (possibly including installing a custom ROM if you don't trust Google's checkboxes).

It's not easy to get most everyone to disable it such that it is no longer the societal condition. Since that is the level at which we're discussing things, that is what is important.
You might take a look at how the Low-Tech Magazine site is served and designed:

https://solar.lowtechmagazine.com/about.html
Space elevators are still pretty far out there. And if we ever do end up building one, we're going to need pretty damn good rockets to do that.

To reach maximum theoretical performance, a rocket engine nozzle needs to expand the exhaust to be of equal pressure as the ambient air. Being too underexpanded can actually destroy the engine, and even well before that being over- or underexpanded saps efficiency, so you can improve performance by specializing for the pressure you target. But of course, as a rocket ascends, pressure falls. This means that the expansion ratios of traditional engines are compromises over the pressure range they are expected to operate in.

Aerospike engines use a neat hack to make a "virtual nozzle", where the pressure of outside air is used to push on the exhaust stream. This makes it slightly less efficient than a traditional de Laval nozzle that is specialized for the exact pressure, but it can maintain that not-perfect but high level of efficiency for the whole ascent, from atmospheric to vacuum.

When everyone was trying to build single stage to orbit vehicles, aerospikes sounded very promising as they would allow a single engine to be used from the launch pad to vacuum with reasonable efficiency. However, now that first stages are routinely returning to the launch site and landing on their own, SSTOs are not nearly as attractive, and with a two-stage architecture, you want to give the second stage a proper vacuum engine, and then the first stage won't lose that much if it's optimized for near-sealevel conditions. I'm not sure aerospikes make that much sense anymore.
i've heard business leaders express the suspicion that sw eng teams are trying to avoid accountability by claiming estimating is too hard.

and every time i've seen people try to correct for this it results in different layers of management adding arbitrary fudge factors to the time estimate which inflates the actual time that it takes to do something. these corrections build inefficiency into the beginning of the project and bake them in.

it's an answer to "how do we not be wrong about when things will be done?" over "how do we move faster?"
The UK has a progressive income tax system (iirc up to 10k is tax-free, then 20% from 10-50k, then 40% from 50-150k and 45% for everything beyond that). This means that spreading tax liability between capital gains and income tax leads to a lower total tax bill.

You also get to write off business expenses and reclaim VAT (sales tax) as a business, which a normal consumer cannot do.

Your point about remuneration is spot on. But remote work for US clients is possible and I’ve found that they’re happy to pay close to US rates for UK remote.
Spike engines aren't that great not because of cost, but because their supposed benefit is largely eaten by added weight and cooling complexity in most designs, so the entire thing isn't worth it, usually. Meanwhile, things like nozzle extensions can provide 80% of their benefits for 20% effort. The article is light on information on whether they solved typical issues, and what exactly they traded for the efficiency.
Only tangentially related but, for project proposals and planning, my favorite exercise is the Heilmeier Catechism: https://www.darpa.mil/work-with-us/heilmeier-catechism
Why is it important to be a Nobel gas?
This seems more like a jealous spouse or something. A real sinister third party whose intent was to rob her could use something more discreet than a consumer friendly device that is explicitly made to try and prevent this kind of bad press.
An article about NLP written by AI using NLP (v1)
They are affected by air pressure, but it doesn’t actually hurt, it actually helps! because of the way an aerospike engine works it actually relies on that pressure change behaviour on the “outside” edge. The expansion of the exhaust on the atmospheric side of the aerospike is actually part of how it obtains its efficiency…. That expansion pushes the expanding exhaust plume back towards the nozzle wall in proportion to the normal expansion with outside pressure and that drives the physics that make aerospike nozzles work at all altitudes. It’s a clever feedback loop if you want a computer analogy, but it’s really just a clever arrangement that maximises system efficiency in that lovely “continuous” way that mechanical/physical systems work.
Show HN: vaccinedeaths.com
> There's tons of trackers that can use any nearby iPhone

If you're limiting the conversation to "any iPhone" then there's a few, such as the Chipolo One, which also use Apple's network. However, Samsung has a competing network which uses any nearby Samsung phone (also a popular brand, so I'm told) and Tile has a network which uses any phone that has the Tile app installed. None of these need GPS to work, though their networks will probably be smaller than Apple's in most US cities.
I remember really old Macs had a thing to pull the bottom corner up to take a peek at what was behind that window, it was neat and never seen again
But if people don't pay the attackers give up on attacking the next target. By paying out your are rewarding the attackers for being evil.
Not being flippant but I have to ask what is the use case to have real time statistics?
Have you looked at https://github.com/edx/edx-platform? It's one platform that's established and open source. It might not be lightweight enough for your needs though.
I can also vouch for Ben Eater's videos, they're top notch educational material.