skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> So the government gives the maker of a new drug a patent for some number of years.

Noob question:

Why aren't patents treated like govt issued licenses, leases?

Want exclusive use of airwaves, water, mining, catchy song, clever idea, whatever? Terrific. Pay up.

Set the price at just over reasonable. To prevent people from frivolously camping on stuff to exclude others from using it.

Economists are smart about setting price. Auctions for stuff that's hard to price (airwaves). Boilerplate for bog standard stuff (trademarks, songs). Whatever works. With some clever veto points to thwart regulatory capture.
When affluent and educated societies worldwide show declining birthrates and increasing age at reproduction, it can be taken as a strong indicator of women's and family's preferences for fulfilling lives at demographic scale.
Is the increase in child speech and reading problems due in part to the breakdown of family structures and the corresponding absense or regular family meals together (with conversation) and family reading aloud? Those would be significant handicaps to learning speech and reading if the child doesn't receive good role modeling at home.

Does anyone know of socioeconomic studies that look for correlations between family stability/duration and rates of speech/language pathologies?
No, but the parent to my comment implied trees as being the source of that fusion power. Nobody's going to be able to use trees to power the desalination plants that allow us to irrigate the land so that we can grow those trees.
We use openssl to encrypt our passworddb using SSH pub keys. Works nice in scripts. Wonder why we need the new command line.
Well a total economic revolution isn't going to happen overnight. It will take many more years if that's going to happen, and where it's going, even with all the scalability and PoW/waste problems, is still in the right direction given today's economic system.
you talk like someone that never seen a school bus, let alone been on one

I have, in the past, pre-covid, most people that drove the bus seemed content, happy to do so, cheerful, getting kids on and off a bus seemed a enjoyable time for everyone. Plus I've talked to many bus drivers, none seemed to indicate any trouble.

Painting the job as something terrifying is absurd and lines up with the absurdity of the paper:

"oh my GOD! Kids .... we all know kids are evil ... kids plus 15 tons of a vehicle ... ohhh it must be terrifying"
Exactly. I might as well just use amazon leadership principles.
A similar trick is used for a different reason in statistical and probabilistic calculations -- for numerical stability rather than performance.

Suppose you have n probabilities p_1, ..., p_n. Each p_i is a real number in the interval [0, 1] . Often you want to multiply probabilities to compute prod_i p_i . Probabilities p_i can be tiny floating point values (very close to zero) and if n, the number of factors, is large, then the product will evaluate to zero due to underflow.

Software that processes probabilities often instead stores log-probabilities. Then the product prod_i p_i can be evaluated as sum_i log(p_i) , which is more numerically stable.

Where this gets a bit trickier is if you instead want to compute the sum of probabilities, rather than their product -- e.g. to renormalise probabilities so they all sum to 1. If you have encoded the probabilities as log-probabilities, you now need to take the log-exp-sum [1][2], which will cause numeric overflow if done naively, and is also relatively expensive to compute, as it requires n exponentials and 1 log to combine n log-probs. log-exp-sum can be evaluated in a stable way by first doing a pass over the data to compute the max log-prob, then doing a second pass to take the exponential of each log-prob offsetted by the max log-prob, so each of the terms being exponentiated is at most 0.

There's also a streaming version of log-exp-sum that permits a single pass over the data [3] -- a max is calculated on the fly and each time a new max is identified, the running sum is multiplied by a correction factor. I'm a bit suspicious that the branches in the streaming log-exp-sum might cause a performance impact when executing, although each exp calculation is so expensive that perhaps it doesn't make that much of a difference.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LogSumExp

[2] https://blog.smola.org/post/987977550/log-probabilities-semi...

[3] http://www.nowozin.net/sebastian/blog/streaming-log-sum-exp-...
If you have weapons able to blow up tens/hundreds of meter thick rock, then you have much more attractive targets with more "spectacular" results.
I'm surprised to read in these comments that bottle reuse at the commercial scale is quite common in some areas.

Here in NY we recycle glass but it's primarily through single stream recycling or via bottle deposit machines, which I believe both smash the bottles and mix the streams. I presume this is because bins of broken glass are significantly higher bulk density than in-tact bottles.

Seems like this boils down to a logistics and handling problem.

I think we are reaching a point where it makes sense for an "ISO Container" but smaller scale, for ease of automated logistics. Something basically like a milk crate but better for automated stacking, shuttling along conveyers, and un/loading by robots. It would be an interesting way to come full-circle for glass bottle reuse.

Edit: did some digging and I guess Euro boxes are a thing.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro_container

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systainer
Large tanks do not cost that much. It will be no worse than compressed natural gas. This entire argument is an imaginary one with very little reasoning backing it up.

The argument that hydrogen is inefficient is itself a massive exaggeration. Fuel cells are more efficient than anything except batteries, and come with the upside of much less weight and resource requirements. For hydrogen to be cheaper than electricity, all it needs is an infrastructure that is moderately cheaper than the grid, as energy costs are only a minor portion of the total cost. It is not even that far off as cost per mile between EVs and hydrogen cars is around 50-75% in most places. Fuel cell cars are cheaper than diesel cars now in many countries, and will get cheaper as hydrogen infrastructure expands.

I don't know where you come from, but electricity costs has skyrocketed in countries that are trying to switch to renewable energy, and still going up by 10-20% annually. The low cost of electricity was entirely due to cheap existing sources, mainly coal or natural gas, with some regions with hydro or nuclear. Take away the reliable and dispatchable power generate and the grid becomes a nightmare of unpredictable power. In fact you need hydrogen to balance out the grid and make it stable. In all likelihood electricity will be expensive enough such that EVs no longer have any kind of cost advantage. Especially if they start to tax EVs like they tax other cars.

A lot of that is due to a lack of investment. As countries fall into the battery fad while ignoring real green energy (like nuclear), green policy in a lot of countries have become a joke. Sweden is an example of this as they are shutting down their nuclear power. They will use coal or natural gas as a replacement. EVs will actually get more polluting and not less. Although Sweden has ignored hydrogen for the last 5 years, they will have no choice but to invest billions in hydrogen now because they have other path to zero emissions.

The biggest event in green energy investment is the massive surge in hydrogen investment: https://ihsmarkit.com/research-analysis/hydrogen-project-ann...

It's pretty obvious that the world is moving past batteries in the same way it moved past previous obsolete green ideas like biofuels or diesel engines.
Bonus points for the bug reporters complaining that it's taking years to 'fix' this (which seems like plenty of time to fix their quizzes, given how much free time they apparently have to lobby Google), and for someone observing that the 'solution' is, like all security-by-obscurity fails, already broken (because of devtools).

Meanwhile, the code complexity and unintuitive behavior (who would ever expect 'view-source' to have a blacklist or be controllable by the web page?!) will get externalized onto all Chrome users forevermore.
And we've emitted 2 teratons of excess CO2 that needs to be dealt with as well.
Right but I feel like you're missing the point of the article, since the latest version of something as long running as the linux kernel is unlikely to be flakey.
New law prohibits FCC authorizing gear from Hytera, other China-based firms
Whilst I'm a big fan of people updating status pages, copy/pasted updates really rub me up the wrong way.
The boy who cried wolf alludes to a heuristic, not carte blanche to disregard media outlets you don't like.

And I would argue that dozens of images of the son of a presidential candidate partying with prostitutes and a crack pipe is indeed substance - regardless, the coordinated refusal to report negative information regarding their preferred party should make you at least as concerned about selective reporting as you are about PV. It is blatant evidence of partisanship, propaganda, and the same sort of election influencing collusion that trump and russia were accused of. Conveniently off of a false report as has recently come out - is that enough for you to start disregarding MSM outlets now? Clearly there wasn't even an attempt to investigate the steele dossier on the part of the propagandists you so blindly trust. Crying wolf indeed.
There are studies of twins raised separately that directly address this. We know a great deal about the genetic heritability of IQ, please have a look at this for more info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritability_of_IQ

Extreme skepticism of social science findings is warranted for some subfields, but when it comes to intelligence, humanity has actually learned a lot.
Instead of responding to the comment, you engage in ad hominem - a classic sign of no argument.
For example, you have the concept "complex numbers" as a node and it has edges to "trigonometry", "exponentials", "real numbers", which are other concepts that are represented as nodes.
Living in Bay Area - can confirm totalitarian motifs generally amongst people living here. It’s also exporting it via the machinery of Big Tech.

I like societies where respectful and constructive dissent is allowed. The whole thing moves upwards towards a better world when there are checks and balances.
In magnetic confinement fusion, power density scales to the fourth power of the magnetic field strength. The only way to reasonably achieve the kind of magnetic fields needed without massive constant power draw is superconducting magnets. For a very long time, the best superconductors available limited the maximum field strength to ~ 5-6T. This limited the space of possible magnetic confinement reactors into basically ITER, or "big enough that you need a major multi-decade international collaboration to build it".

Last decade, major discoveries were made in practical high-temperature superconductors. By 2017, you could commercially purchase superconducting tape that can do >8T, the state of the art has improved since, and keeps improving. All the constraints and limits on fusion that were known since the field began are changing now. Most importantly, with high-field magnets, the size of a theoretically functional net-energy fusion reactor comes way down, to what is achievably by a reasonably well funded startup. The whole field is open now, and all the different magnetic confinement fusion technologies that were tested and discarded over the first 60 years of fusion research are now being re-evaluated in ligth of the new magnets that are available. That's why there are now like a dozen well-funded fusion startups.
40-50 years in software is an eternity, it should be MUCH lower than that like 10-15. There is zero reason that Windows 3.1, Windows 95, and Windows 98 should be protected by any copyright/patent at this point. All of those should be in the public domain by now.
While this is true, I'm not sure this statement alone is helpful to the discussion. I'm not sure that mining of any material is not ecologically destructive. So we have to compare _how_ destructive different materials are to gather and then probably full chain. Given the glass can be recycled, that's an advantage on full chain. Maybe someone knows more than me (not my field) but I'm willing to bet that glass is better in both amounts when compared to the popular alternative, plastic.
Mostly the same here, but in fresh environments instead of continually upgraded ones.

So local visualization ala docker, vagrant have been a godsend with their isolated environments
Washington Post corrects, removes reporting that relied on discredited dossier
We were actually deciding between GitHub and GitLab, and think GitHub in the long run was better as it's now owned by a giant like Microsoft which I'd trust more in terms of company size and stability. I know it's kind of a capitalistic view, but I have to think about my own (projects') security/safety and letting MS host feels safer than letting GitLab host.
Open source projects and hacker spaces offer just so much more than short-term projects.

I expect you to tell me you're well versed in both, but don't expect me to believe you.
If the big factor for you is sugar vs corn syrup, Pepsi has you covered year-round for some products with "Pepsi Throwback" and "Mountain Dew Throwback" though they may have changed the branding. The 12-can cases of them will have either a script-style logo or a retro design.

On a more seasonal basis I believe both Coke and Pepsi do "kosher for Passover" versions with cane sugar that may be available in your area.
Ask HN: Why don't we see more case studies in marketing of innovative products?
When you invent a new product, customers don’t know how to engage with it or categorize it, a list of features just doesn’t map into people’s lives. So they generally dismiss it if it’s too novel.

So why don’t we see much more of an investment of marketing effort on diving into how early power users are adopting it? Is it too time consuming, or is it a strategic decision to hold that information back because otherwise it would make you too vulnerable to competition in the early stages where you’re trying to find Product Market Fit?

Anyone got any first hand experience of regretting doing it?
So more of the same.

Lifecycle of medias is immutable. IIRC, the stages are something like pioneers, settlers, robber barons, wasteland, rediscovery by hipsters, etc.
This is "unstable" as in "recent versions", not as in "broken". Anecdotally, "unstable" is a complete misnomer. Arch Linux (rolling distro, upgraded on my machines almost every day for ~6 years) was far more stable than Ubuntu (8.04 through 14.10 or so, 18.04 and 20.04) ever managed.

My pet hypothesis is that the core developers of any system are spending 95%+ of their time working on the latest release, and that (understandably, since that earns all the credit) hardly anybody wants to spend any more time than necessary to support older versions of anything. This goes doubly for combinations of two or more old systems which maybe ten people world wide might be using.
Agreed. US cities generally have way less population densities than European cities. Basically, the New York City metro and perhaps Chicago (mostly within the El, but perhaps more broadly if we include the commuter rail lines) are the main cities I can think of where public transit makes good economic sense. Most other cities are heavily subsidized and still underused. Hence school buses rather thank kids taking transit to school.
That sounds like pretty bad advice. Does Amazon really ask interview questions based on those? I'd be very surprised if they did. Competitive programming problems as interview requirements are bad enough (don't get me wrong, I find the problems fun, they just don't have much to do with software dev).

But yeah, as a good programmer with a job at a large company, you _definitely_ don't need to do 100 PE problems, and any company asking for that (for general software dev role) has lost their mind.
In UniOne.io, Mailgun rival, we ask each our customer to add separate DNS entry for a new domain proving that he/she owns the domain, and don't let another customer send using this domain.
Counterpoint: Stable software may persist poor UI/API, limitations, and mistakes indefinitely.
So basically, Rust does async right, but the author wishes he didn't have to worry about generics and lifetime management which become increasingly complicated in asynchronous contexts.

Maybe this guy needs to just stick to Lisp.
My daughter will start kindergarten next fall here in the US; she’ll walk to school through elementary school (500 meters) and middle school (800 meters). Not walking to school is not an “American” thing, it’s a “suburb” thing.
Or space rocks ... Lots of big space rocks ;-)
I recently got Lenovo Yoga with Ryzen 4800u(8c/16t), 16GB 4266Mhz, 1TB PCIe, FHD for under 1000$.
It can run Dota 2 at 120fps in low settings and ultra at 58-62fps. Can run Warzone at 720p around 35fps. I can only assume CSGO works >60fps.
It has onboard video, battery is truly amazing(10-15h) and it charges via usbc.
Display is not so great, windows 11 ready, backlit keyboard and weighs around 1kg. It boots extremely fast too(~5s).
I'd say it's an extreme machine.
(you can also get the yoga pro with ryzen 5800h)
It sounds good because they are ripping designs off and mass producing clones for cheap.

In terms of build quality and feel there is a huge difference between a Moog or Korg and a Behringer.

Behringer gear is made with the absolute cheapest components available and that becomes obvious as soon as you touch it.
>>Second, in your example of coal being made obsolete by market forces: governments are already skewing these forces with massive subsidies for fossil fuels. We need governments to stop doing that.

100% agree, my entire post is about government inaction... My ideal government does nothing ;) that that applies to both sides of this, they should neither subsidize nor fine technologies. It should be up purely to market forces.

>>Third, bringing new technology to market requires huge investments and risks. We need governments to incentivize and support this development so that it can happen as quickly as possible

This has never been true for any advancement, Governments are TERRIBLE at picking winner and losers from a technology standpoint (see Ethanol) , and often time they SLOW not accelerate advancement. It has been proven in many sectors, including energy production, that once the government gets out of the way real progress begins.

>I don't believe we can simply technology our way out of this.

All of human history proves you wrong, but this time is the one time we should ignore history right?
Olivier Orand – Thursday Night
The breeder's equation described the expected change in a _population_ from one generation to the next due to selection pressures (natural or artificial).

For example, say a cattle rancher with a large herd may want to increase the average weight. So if he only breeds those animals in the top half of weight, what is the expected change in weight from one generation to the next?

For another example, say a particular species of lizard is hunted by a species of bird. The faster lizards are more likely to escape under a rock than the slower lizards. What is the expected change in average speed from one generation to the next?

Both of these examples have a well-defined _overall_ population and _reproducing_ population. The value of S can be calculated. In the first example, it is the difference between the mean weight of the top half of cattle and the mean weight of the entire herd. In the second example, it is difference in the mean speed of the lizards that are able to reproduce before being eaten and the entire population.

What are the analogous groups in the author's example? He doesn't define what distinguishes the population of 120 IQ parents from the population as a whole. In one reasonable reading, you could even think he means just two people when he says "a set of parents". That is what I mean about being fast and loose with terms: how are we defining the entire population and how are we defining the reproductive population?

Further, he says that 120 IQ parents having children with mean IQ of 110 is an example of regression to the mean. I would say the exact opposite: the 110 IQ children _define the mean_ of the next generation (in the correct usage of the equation). The expectation is that if there continues to be positive pressure on IQ, then future generations will continue to have increasing IQs.

With regards to "ideological warfare", the author himself explicitly introduced eugenics into the conversation with his analogy about the desert island populated by National Merit finalists (he literally described it as eugenics). His Wikipedia page [0] describes him as an anthropologist "who argues that cultural innovation resulted in new and constantly shifting selection pressures for genetic change, thereby accelerating human evolution and divergence between human races". I don't think it's unfair to say there are some unpleasant undertones to his work.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Cochran
OK, I'm the president of a huge country. 50% of its population tells me it wants me to leave fossil fuel. I write down my plan in a COP26 agreement. That plan is everything but leaving the fossil fuel.

I sleep well at night because I absolutely don't represent my citizen's choice (cynical scenario)

OR I know something they don't know which allows me to sleep well... (hopeful scenario)
Depressing
Frustrating

I don't know what to say
Sounds like the story of deep learning once computing power cheapened.
To your first point, yes it will. The effect has a name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_effect_(conservation)

This a good thing. The point of taming climate change isn't to inflict random punishment on people, it is to stop changing the climate. I drive an EV powered by carbon-free electricity. Political programs that are aimed at curbing how much I (and other people) move around aren't going to get voted in.
I'm fine as long as usability suffers in favor of privacy. Which is the case.

Still, I'm not gonna walk away from a perspective to get both usability and privacy together. What are your opinions on the matter?
It's not a huge use, but in the US I believe ground recycled glass is spread over freshly painted road markings while they're wet so it bonds into the top.
So they embed answers in page source, blame students with basic common sense skills for viewing page source, and trying to "fix" _that_ instead of fixing the whatever quiz system they are using to not send the answers to the client?

Great move /s
Immigrants have a way of wanting to close the door as soon as they get through it. For sure after the first wave, even if nobody else had been allowed in, you could still wind up with the same percentage of folks with immigrant ancestors.
Multiple layers of creolization is the most likely explanation of common grammatic features and distinct vocabularies.

There's a language called Gagauz, spoken in Moldova. It has a Turkic vocabulary and Indo-European grammar. It was, in its infancy, likely to be a Romanian substrate, Cuman superstrate creole.

An Proto Altaic substrate with various superstrates must have played out quite a few times.
"Calling kids hard to deal with is...

Shuffles deck, pulls card

Leftist propaganda!"
This experiment was probably falsified. https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2019/08/20/did-that-b...
That sounds like sample bias to me. I don't know of any reason to believe that weekends are particularly different in this respect.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html