skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
My experience with SSDs tells me the only way to beat the system is to employ some append-only log storage structure. Potentially with segmentation done at the device level, so that you can have a large fleet of drives in "append" mode while others are reconciling or cleaning all their blocks in anticipation of taking another full sequential fill-up. Throwing mixed workloads at individual devices is just asking for trouble if you are trying to maintain some razor-thin SLA. Dirty pages and all the weird tricks employed to hide this concern results in side effects that break more complex schemes on top.

Taking to the next level - Batching your I/O in software is how you can start saying things like "Transactions per disk I/O", not just "Fewer I/O for those transactions which now fit in fewer blocks due to compression". Batching doesn't have to mean "nightly processing". It can mean "all requests which occurred over the last 100uS". From a user's perspective, this can effectively still be a real-time RPC experience. For systems with very heavy load, this sort of micro-batching can add many orders of magnitude improvement in throughput. Also bear in mind that the more transactions you have available to compress each time means you get better odds when dealing with entropy.

I have personally developed software that can insert 2-5x the stated write IOPS figure with these sorts of tactics. On modern NVMe devices this can mean you start tickling 8 figure transactions per second if the size of each request is very modest.
I always fear using the disk destroyer, dd.
Perfect Pitch: a YouTube series with actionable tips for startup fundraising
Some citations can be found in the 'support for apartheid' section here: http://www.brandonhamber.com/publications/Journal%20A%20Stat...

Also note the striking statistic in the abstract: "...over 40% of those surveyed think apartheid was a good idea, badly executed." And this was a survey conducted in 1996.
It's slowly changing, but yeah, coding is not considered a high status job here.

Now, it's better though, it's not considered a low status job anymore :)
Unlike IPv4 IPv6, there isn't an authority name service to advertise both connectable addresses. This makes discovery for the end user an explicit action.

If they cannot connect on V2, the method to discover v3 is almost definitely out of band and potentially in the prone to hijacking.
Many school systems still teach Pascal or Object Pascal (which includes Delphi). So this question is relative to the country that a person is talking about. South Africa, Jamaica, Russia, Brazil, Turkey, etc... use various dialects of Object Pascal (Turbo Pascal, PascalABC, Free Pascal/Lazarus, Delphi...).

Various teachers and school systems find that Pascal/Object Pascal is superior for introducing and teaching programming concepts. We have to keep in mind that part of the reason that Pascal was created, was to teach it in schools. But don't get confused (as some detractors try to make it seem Pascal is only for academic purposes), as Turbo Pascal and Delphi show that Pascal can be successfully used commercially too.

There was quite some controversy years ago, when South African schools switched over from Java to Delphi. The school system felt that Delphi/Object Pascal was the better choice.

To get a taste, check out Mr Long Education's (a teacher from South Africa) Delphi/Object Pascal YouTube channel below (there are a number of similar such Delphi/Object Pascal YouTube channels) https://www.youtube.com/user/MrLongEducation/videos
A lot of right vs left division is one side wanting to restrain corporations and the other side wanting to restrain government. Privacy concerns are one way to break through that divide when government and corporations unite.
Wow, some of their research is pretty insane. I'll have to play around with that at some point.
I used to work at Google/DeepMind and don't remember anyone even asking about it during the original interview process. (I did not go to uni)
It's definitely possible I'm misremembering. I've donated multiple times and it'd be reasonable for them to re-add me upon donation. But I'm pretty sure I've unsubscribed since my last donation in 2019.
I agree that in theory the same is possible in languages that use exceptions but in my experience laziness often wins out. The exception is caught on the level where it's suitable to terminate the stack unwinding and deal with the error from the applications point of view. At that point it's too late to add user recognizable context to the error that what Go advocates by its design.

My opinion is that a syntax shortcut such as "?" to just bubble up errors without adding context would still be useful. I would welcome it. There are cases where I find that no additional context is needed. I think the Go designers are afraid what it would lead to though (the laziness wins out hypothesis)
This idea would probably be a headache to implement, but has any service tried something like charging $1/$x for specific features? Feels like Twitter would be the prime candidate.

Ad-free article access could be $1.

"""Editing""" tweets could be $1.

Ad-free Twitter could be $4-5 (as that's what Twitter makes per US user per month via ads).

Etc.

IMO Patreon has already broken through the mental mode of "sign up for multiple sub-$5 things and have a single bill at the end of the month."

Any big services out there doing a-la-carte premium features?
> I've seen actual astroturfing that sounds more pragmatic than this!

Its a meaningless seal for a vague commitment to being "green". There are very low expectations here.

Any improvement is good. And framing everything as needing to be green just forces the hand of every other company.

I could care less what this seal means these companies are doing. But even a commitment to be more green that is ignored is better than no commitment and no action. At best, this creates a cohort of companies committed to and acting in global best interests, and at worst, it moves the overton window more so every other company is expected to be more green postured, which will eventually lead to more political and social expectations.

Is that cynical and pragmatic enough ? :)
Well its true the internet's most valuable open layers are TCP/IP and worked up to the user interaction layer (HTML5), but then shifted to proprietary/locked experiences. I think the reason is the answer to this simple question: What creates a better experience for an individual user? more money invested into the platform? or agreement of a protocol? It's money. And thats a deleware c corp. Until incremental investment leads to only infinitesimal experience change, we will be operating in this mode.
Congrats on your first post. Welcome to HN.
Strangely, the largest (by far) European IPO cited in the first link is UiPath, whose HQ is in New York, NY (according to the article).

https://2utfff4d3dkt3biit53nsvep-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-...
Authority has a nasty habit of being wrong. But yeah, I don't put much store in the theory, amusing and subversive as it is.
Again, you're confusing MWh with MW. MWh is not something you can install, it's something you produce over time. Also, I don't know how but you end up with the ridiculous number of 18 cents per 2 Watts? That is crazy, the module alone is 20 cents per Watt.

I think you should understand first what MW and MWh mean. One costs 1 million dollars to install, and then will proceed to produce 8000 hours per year divided by the capacity factor. So about 2000 hours * 1 MW = 2000 MWh per year. At a price of 5 cents per KWh, you can sell that for 100k dollars.
Why don't you hire them as a contractor?
Leaves no room for free will? We literally assume axiomatically experimenters freedom.

Since when is superdeterminism a done deal?

Conway had a few interesting words on this topic:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_will_theorem
I mean all of it, even all the way down to the math requirements. I envision a chemistry degree with zero sage-on-the-stage, or maybe in this case, sage-in-the-page style content delivery.
The speed limit is higher in the US, but I don't think the top speed per se is the main factor that contributes to danger. E bikes are dangerous because they empower novice users (teenager with a ferrari type of deal), and because they slot in somewhere between cars and normal bikes/peds in terms of speed, meaning their users wind up on roads, where they're vulnerable to cars, or on paths, which are often poorly engineered with tight/blind curves and where pedestrians aren't expecting someone to fly by at 22mph.

I find the average motorist expects to be able to save themselves from any dangerous situation by simply slamming on the brakes. With traditional bikes piloted by neophytes, this works alright since the top speed is probably ~15mph. But this doesn't work as well for two wheeled vehicles traveling at high speeds, where slamming on the brakes can cause a loss of traction and ultimately balance. Mopeds and motorcycles require special certification in the US (beyond a normal driver's license) because they are not just tiny cars, and the same should apply to ebikes.
Ah, so it's the technical world's definition of "production" but not the manufacturing world's definition of "production"
F# is one of my favorite languages! I'd recommend to everybody to try to learn it.

But I kind of don't like the .NET ecosystem, it seems constantly changing but also at the same time incredibly stable? I can't really explain it well, but I hope F# learning resources not only focus on introducing FP concepts extremely well(which they really do!), but also learn how to deal with .NETisms.

Some things I didn't get and felt like I had to shift through C# tutorials/resources to understand:

- What exactly is a solution? Is a solution just a bunch of fsproj's en csproj's together?
- What is an .NET Runtime assembly?
- Do I use NuGet or Paket? Paket seems to be the most recommended, but apparently NuGet has caught up?

Now a lot of these questions are trivial, but I felt like that the docs teach you really well the simplicity, power and awesomeness of F#, but they don't really tell you how to deal with the beast that is .NET

There have been a lot of awesome resources that do teach you these things, and I'm looking forward to seeing more of it from the sweet F# community. F# 6 seems like another step in the right direction!
Pippo adds seeking controls to the macOS Picture in Picture player
Hi all. I really missed seeking controls on the macOS Picture in Picture window for quickly going back 15 seconds in a video. So I made a little app called Pippo that solves the problem. Try it and let me know what you think!
-Jordi
> You don't get it but others find AR/VR compelling

One thing I rarely see mentioned or discussed is the "longevity" of VR interest amongst users. As a (former? I'm not sure yet) VR enthusiast and adopter on the high end of things I noticed that the novelty wore off really quickly, after ~1 year of owning my Index my usage went from somewhat regularly to barely anymore and for most titles with VR support I prefer playing them the regular way and the VR-first titles can't get me to set it up, or were "onetime" experiences (like HL Alyx, which is one of maybe ~3 VR games that really felt enriched and improved by the VR experience, in hindsight).

From friends and colleagues of mine I hear similar things, VR headsets collecting dust already.
Yea. We debated this one for a while.
There's a "regression to the mean" type of thing going on where every other search engine in the last 20 years just looks like a Google knockoff.
We found that many different types of users love the new layout. It allows you zoom into one dimension of your search, e.g. lots of Reddit results or Medium articles and then also quickly skip to the next.
It will work well on mobile too (though we're focused on desktop for now) where many users are used to scrolling left/right and up/down in e.g. Instagram.

Depending on your input device, it can be more or less intuitive:

Worst case is folks with a single scroll wheel mouse. There you need to use shift+scroll wheel to move horizontally (that actually works in every app and OS).
With trackpads and touch screens it's a lot easier.

For some the layout is busy but especially developers told us they like the higher information density a lot and can avoid opening 20 different tabs to find what they're looking for.

That being said, I understand that it will take some time to adjust to something new and a less-Google-y future.
You'll be able to get 100s of recipes sorted by whatever you like to sort them after signing up for the waitlist at our website (and wait a little :))…without clicking through websites that is.
From what I've read China's social credit system does not yet incorporate any non-financial information; that part is more aspirational.
There are lots of interesting issues with how designs and production concepts are handled. MagicChef introduced electric ignition stoves and ovens and did quite well with that at first, but the more mature brands like Maytag knew how to sell and eventually squeezed MagicChef and bought them out. The remains of the company then got passed around. As a result most stove and oven designs are extremely similar to each other and to the later MagicChef designs which were superior in efficiency of construction, use, and maintenance but not so much in marketing and sales.
Why would you love Wikipedia? It is absolute and total garbahe
Fundamentally according to what theory?

https://medium.com/agoric/pola-would-have-prevented-the-even...
Curiously our company moved from AWS to on-premise a couple of years ago. Something about CAPEX -> OPEX was mentioned back then.
What are you talking about? Trans people? As far as I know, most trans people, including me, feel that they were born trans, or at least couldn't have chosen not to be trans. When someone transitions, they're not choosing to change their gender—they're changing their appearance to match the gender they already felt they were.
^^ This 1000x.

Humans are incredibly expensive and notoriously unreliable when compared against “machines”; or in this case an API.

It’s usually worth paying 2-3x the cost to have someone else manage something for you with a given SLA, because that’s what it will end up being when you decide to bring it in house when you take into account the time and effort needed as well.

A “good” & “reliable” Systems Engineering team, that can offer 24/7 support will take around a year to hire and setup, and they need roughly the same amount of time to transition you off AWS in to your system. They probably need closer to 3-5yrs to give the same level of documentation, API’s, tooling, processes, UI’s and training that AWS already provides.

Let’s call it 5 years to get to the level of AWS when you started the transition.

A decent team of 5-7, including engineers + PO/PM + UX and so forth, is at least $1.5M/yr. That’s $7.5M over 5 years, not including your new hardware and networking costs. Let’s call it $10M. You’re also 5 years behind AWS now, and over that transition you’re still paying AWS, and your development speed has halved as you wait for your new team to build or transition infrastructure.

You can trade cost and quality for speed and have everything ready in 2-3 years by setting up a few teams. Add HR support, more contractors etc etc. you’re looking at a $10M+ outlay again, regardless.

Or you can keep paying AWS $5M/yr, renegotiate fees often and literally not worry about that headache and focus on your product.
But the upper-level CoW can coordinate with the lower level via TRIM, that's not quite the same as TCP-in-TCP where the congestion algorithms don't talk to each other.
Then he’s an idiot
I have worked for FAANG without a diploma. While it is rare, you can definitely do it if you grind enough leet code :D
We don't even know. It's not made public anywhere :(
Hence our extension requirement for the time being.

At least Chromium-based browsers have 5 second extension install/uninstall options whereas in Safari it's several minutes and so many clicks, we didn't even bother trying to build the extension.
That's the second part of the loop, when the cost of AWS is high enough that you can show immediate dollar savings by bringing it in-house.
> White supremacy is the idea that white people are inherently better and more capable and therefore more deserving.

That's a common dictionary or encyclopedia definition of the white supremacy. More broadly, white supremacy also refers to the systems and structures of power that are built into most of "western" (a better term might be post-colonial) societies that favor both white people, and people who support or uphold the balance of power in those post-colonial societies.

> Racist systems that have encoded societies biases are generally not white supremacist

I agree, however I think that those racist systems that are not inherently white supremacist in nature are largely rooted in non-colonial countries (basically countries other than the European colonial powers, and the countries that grew out of those colonies).

> It also pushes people who unintentionally did something racist way into the defensive if you tell them they are white supremacist. And pushing people who unintentionally did racist things into defending their actions is not going to make things better.

That is just not true. If someone does or says something racist, they can and should be challenged on it. If they become defensive, there are multiple reasons that could happen, but if the reason is that they simply didn't know better, it's just the way their society is, or if the reason is that they are opposed to "wokeness" (which is a catch-all for intersectionality, critical race theory, and many other modern perspectives and ideologies that are largely centered on dismantling power structures and reducing bias and discrimination), then it's likely that they are supporting white supremacy out of ignorance (whether that ignorance is from being uninformed or uneducated, or the more malicious willful ignorance of people who choose to use or engage in racist norms because they are opposed to "wokeness" from an ideological or other perspective).

Pushing people who do things that could be cast as unintentionally racist is the only way to a) educate them, so they can do better, or b) determine if it was an intentional act. I know this from practical experience, and it was only from going through the hard and painful experience of being called out on harmful "unintentionally" racist jokes and behaviour that I learned to do better after being raised by a family that had (and for the most part, still has) some pretty racist and discriminatory views.
Why do you need more similarities? The mass data collection completes the system.
> hate paying depreciating costs.

One possible solution for this if you want to do it as bare metal you control, is leased equipment (even with $1 buyout at end of term), which can be accounted for differently than purchasing it up front.
Genetic Causes of Male Infertility
The point is - I can do any changes I need to the underlying resources programmatically and near instantly, without ever having to talk to anyone. Including cloud provider staff. Or rather, automation can.

There may exist some colo where I can get a server(or storage, or network cards or anything else) added in minutes over an API call but I haven't heard of any. That's usually found on the VPS side.

> Fault tolerant architectures can be be deployed on colocated hardware too.

They can, usually requiring that you specifically setup redundancies and the like. Which is something that you already have for many cloud offerings. Your automation and redundancies sit on top of the vendor's existing redundancies.

For instance, the EBS volume I mention. It is not a disk. Its not even just an array. It's a far more sophisticated abstraction. If there are issues, it can automatically fetch blocks from your snapshots(if the blocks are unmodified, something they also keep track of). Not happy with spinning disks and want a SSD? No need to place a service order to your colo provider, just send an API call and this will be automatically migrated to SSDs without your applications ever noticing the difference (other than the response time) and with zero downtime. Your software could even do this if it notices that the workloads require it.

If an AWS datacenter goes up in flames the systems I manage will still function (and will self-heal, assuming they even get affected, which for big zones they might not be). I don't have to talk to anyone. I can be sleeping and this will still happen.

It's a completely different level of abstraction.

If you want to compare a big cloud provider with either your own datacenter or colocation facility, there's a big disparity in scale. At a minimum, you would have to compare with several interconnected datacenters or colos. You still don't get the abstraction layer.

It's all missing the point though - I was pointing out that software doesn't necessarily need to have 24x7 staff, as the parent poster was pointing out, even for exceptional (but predictable) issues. Sure, you need someone on-call to handle completely unexpected events, but I don't think that was the point being made.
They do it in suburbs. Not open source but developer recycling of blue prints.

I think the USSR had that with their Khrushchyovka and related ilk given to allies.
That's correct. In fact, I give the code in the paper.

FYI -- the same effect has recently been replicated by a Berkeley physicist using a totally independent random number generator. But I understand the concern here; that's why I asked him to try to replicate it using better equipment.

As to the concern about it being Arduino-based -- it's easy to criticize experiments because they don't use sophisticated equipment. However, what actually matters is if you can find an explanation for why the student-level equipment would result in the artifact(s) you suspect are there. That's more difficult to do, and in fact no one has been able to do it yet.

We will see how this shakes down, but I've been doing the experiment continously for two years and the effect is robust.

Thanks to everyone for reading the article. The argument is good to read. It's a delight to me that people are thinking about these issues, since as should be clear from the article, I think they are important to think about.

And, of course, I certainly don't have all the right answers. But science isn't about that -- it's about allowing yourself to be brave enough to find questions that you are curious to answer (even if no one else is) -- and rigorously trying to discover the answers. Or at least, further questions.

-- Julia
You cannot reasonably intuit the sounds that letters make, or the meaning of combinations of letters without some underlying phonetic information. Your ability to recognize those patterns is built upon learning the meaning of words and letters as I described (not to mention whether what you're doing is pattern recognition or pattern memorization).

You are just wrong in every possible way.
I think when that starts to become a reality solutions will be discovered.

But since it is provably a non-issue today because it requires upgrading from TCP, it's going to be low priority.
Several companies built search engines before Google.

Google managed to find a montetization strategy that kept theirs going when the others ran out.
I wonder why the music industry seems to be ok with 1 music streaming service having all the content, but for movies and tv we need dozens of different streaming services, each with their own content so everyone gets the cut they want.

I think it's because the movie/tv industries are unionized and everyone has to get paid, so they have to get more from the customer side. Whereas in the music industry, we're ok with musicians being "starving artists", so the labels can just pay the artists less.