skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
As other commenters have pointed out, those are designated initializers[1], one of my favorite C99 feature.

I's also been picked up recently for inclusion into C++20[2].

However, it seems that C++ adds a specific limitation:

> all designators used in the expression must appear in the same order as the data members of T

> out-of-order designated initialization, nested designated initialization, mixing of designated initializers and regular initializers, and designated initialization of arrays are all supported in the C programming language, but are not allowed in C++

Which limits the usefulness, as I've used this syntax to let myself reorder struct fields (and add some) without breaking the API (while obviously breaking the ABI). It's a great tool to use while your API is still in flux.

At least an error will be produced, which is much better than just providing values and hoping that the API/ABI remains stable.

[1]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/struct_initializati...

[2]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/aggregate_initial...
I should clarify, I don’t consider stablecoins to be decentralized nor cryptocurrency. So when I say “cryptocurrency is a debtless financial system”, I’m not referring to stablecoins, but only to the decentralized and trustless components of the overall ecosystem.

Most stablecoins are run by a centralized, trusted third party maintaining a dubious peg to the centralized USD and will probably get taken down by some Soros breaking-the-pound style attack eventually.

But Bitcoin and most other major cryptocurrencies predate stablecoins, and will survive them.

Additionally, most of the collateralized DeFi leverage schemes you reference require over-collateralization. Since no identity makes margin calls impossible, effectively the margin call is done up front as a contingency in the form of over-collateralization.

A debtless, over-collateralized financial system is an interesting case study in financial in/stability. It’s certainly a different beast from the traditional financial system.
One of the most useful lessons I ever learned about designing database schemas was the utter uselessness of indexing and searching on datetime fields. Since virtually every value is going to be different, indexing and searching on that field is (almost) no better than having no index on the datetime field at all.

It was a revelation to me when I decided to experiment with having a indexed date-ONLY field and using that to search instead. It improved performance by almost two orders of magnitude. In hindsight, this should have been totally obvious if I had stopped to think about how indexing works. But, as is stated in this article, we have to keep relearning the same lessons. Maybe I should write an article about how useless it is to index a datetime field...

EDIT: This was something I ran into about 10 years ago. It is possible there was something else going on at the time that I didn't know about that caused the issue I was seeing. This is an anecdote from my past self. I have not had to use this technique since then, and we were using an on-prem server. It's possible that the rest of the table was not designed well and index I was trying to use was already inefficient for the resources that we had at the time.
Modern compilers, and in particular SBCL is able to use type inference so that in many cases it is able to deduce these optimisations even without explicit type specifications. Or at least you can add the type specification in one place and then other functions will be able to take advantage of this.

I should probably write a followup article that goes into more details on this.
Which will be updated every time there is a new combination.
Pavement Picasso: on the trail of London’s chewing gum artist
Given that several of the largest and wealthiest companies (google and Microsoft) in the world can’t make decent chat apps and meta seems unable to make a product that doesn’t incite ethnic tensions around the world. I’m skeptical of such organizations to solve many of these issues.
I am relatively tolerant of minor UI issues, but I think the kernel doesn't have this problem for reasons that will probably never translate to desktop environment development.

It is a much more difficult to maintain a different kernel than it is a different desktop environment. So there is a huge incentive to cooperate on one kernel, even among companies with wildly different concerns (e.g. embedded IoT devices vs. cloud servers).

The kernel is also developed with an entirely different support culture than, say, Gnome. Backward compatibility for all supported use cases is taken extremely seriously by kernel developers. If it works on today's Linux kernel you can be almost assured it will work in 5 or 10 years. So, kernel users (i.e. developers, distro maintainers, etc.) stay happy because their stuff doesn't break.

Contrast this with the more "opinionated" DEs and you see features yanked and changed at a comparably dizzying rate. So, DE users experience a rate of change and support dynamic that is actually much "worse" than kernel users do.
True, although this particular simple optimisation is done by most Common Lisp compilers.
ECS is more about shared components and batched processing of components, than it is about instanced rendering. You can instance render with or without an ECS quite easily, and an ECS doesn't negate a scene graph.

Often you'll have a scene graph and an ECS. The scenegraph consists of the entities. Otherwise it can get difficult to do a lot of world scale processing like loading in segments etc..
The virus is objectively endemic. It's regularly found in people and cannot be eradicated. Even if you could somehow eradicate it among humans, it has animal reservoirs so re-contamination would always be a threat. If hospital capacity is an issue, then we should expand capacity to reflect the current state of the world, instead of hoping that the world will somehow return to how it was prior to the pandemic.
Yes I'm used it now but first time it started doing its thing, I wanted to stop and clap for how jaw dropping and amazing this technology is.

I was a Jetbrains fan but this thing takes productivity to a whole new level. I really don't think I can go back to my normal programming without it anymore.
You’ve missed some other formats that are already used in production. Domain-specific pair programming exists for both web and mobile engineering interviews. There’s also “read this code and debug it” which is an underrated format.

I’m not even sure the Leetcode style needs to be abolished, so much as it can be tweaked to remove some of the additional pressures of the format (time limits, stress from monitoring, overuse of memorization)

> What if you're looking for someone who's good at development but have not used a specific tech stack?

Then you have an interview specific to that use case of candidate. It doesn’t invalidate the format used in interviewing other types of candidates.
I disagree, for me it saves a lot of time by giving you more IDE tooling that you can lean on and less stuff you have to hold onto in your brain.

Once you're proficient in TS, adding type annotations really doesn't take much time, and it helps save time testing by letting the compiler "test" your code before it even runs.
Nuclear, wind, hydro, and geothermal (and maybe some biomass) produce about 40% of the electricity in the US. And yeah, if we’re just using grid electricity at the current electricity mix to make hydrogen, we’re not any better off than using steam reforming. That’s a very valid point. But it’s relatively straightforward to decarbonize the grid. Just build more solar, wind, geothermal, and nuclear and keep what we’ve already got running. Retire coal ASAP.
> 'jump to this point in the PDF' from your editor, and 'jump to this point in the LaTeX' back from your PDF viewer back to the editor.

That sounds really cool. Can you give me a link or at least the name of a piece of software with this feature? Is Overleaf it? Is there an offline piece of software with such a feature? Thanks!
It's not though is it. It's a piece of paper to say for 2 years or so you worked as a researcher employed by the university, at least that's my experience in the UK.

Much better off just going in to industry. People praise PhDs too much. No one at work knows of mine. It's not on my CV either.

What is awful is when someone with a PhD in, say, biology uses this as leverage in a completely unrelated field (data science). Malicious ambiguity...

You're not an authority on something just because you have a PhD, certainly not an authority on everything. This is, damagingly, how many behave... You're barely scratching the surface at that level. It warrants a lifetime of work to get anywhere near the level of respect some put up on them. I guess that speaks volumes to the general level of insight into education by most..
Yeah I would put that into the same bucket as contact lenses: really hard to imagine tech in terms of execution, but probably possible from first principles. The invariant is basically if code is determining what photons you see, and if it has full governance or partial governance (ie, the real world has the ability to leak in or not.)
Previous discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28939287
My experience is in the US. PTCRB is the standardized one. Even on top of that, AT&T has additional testing (see TRENDI, which is a whole lot better than what they used to require). Verizon has their own idiosyncratic process where you don't learn what standards you need to meet until you submit a request for testing.

The carriers don't use technical measures to keep uncertified devices off their network. It's still usually a violation of the terms of service. And yes, that means that aftermarket PCIe-form-factor cell radio in your laptop is theoretically a problem unless that precise laptop + card combination has been certified.
In other words, envy that someone else has something you want. That's all that's going on.

Envy is hardwired into our ape-brains. Tests show chimpazees get resentful and angry when a neighboring chimpanzee is given a better treat than what they were given (say a grape versus a cucumber). They will shriek and throw their treat away and start jumping up and down. This is modern journalism.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KSryJXDpZo

But that type of ape-morality can't support civilization, which requires large complex organizations and hirearchies. In those hirearchies, you have enormous inequality. The bigger the hierarchy, the greater the inequality. Moreover the gains in any effort are primarily driven by a small productive core. 80% of gains are provided by 20% of people. 80% of those gains are provided by 20% of those people. etc. Advancement and civilization was only possible when we obtained social technology to short-circuit the ape brain, most often religion. With religion, we are taught that the future (or past) life balances out the present life, so there are no real inequalities. We are taught to respect hierarchy and authority, be thankful for what we have, and to pray for the king. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's. Then civilization can develop.

But there is always that animal-morality lurking in the background, waiting to break out in people getting angry and rioting that someone else has something they want, and these outbreaks of weaponized envy have been plaguing the post-Christian west with increasing severity, always leading to the same thing, namely increasing misery for all. It doesn't matter whether it's California cancelling gifted programs because some are learning more than others, or calls for wealth taxes because some are earning more than others, or the general moaning about how unfair everything is, and why can't we build a utopian civilization without hirearchy.
The big difference here is that the counterparty is deciding which orders get filled. Zillow could be right 99% of the time, but that 1% of the time where they're overpaying are the transactions that for sure will go through.

And indeed if you go to /r/realestate anecdotally that is what happened. People would get offers from Zillow/Opendoor etc and talk to agents to see what they would list it at. If Zillow was higher than what the agents said they went with Zillow. If not they'd list it and sell it the old fashion way.
Native support matters so that we're not eternally required to use tools for even the simplest of cases. Being able to write two files with one importing the other with no npm or bundler in sight should absolutely be a feature of the native platform.

And yes, in production you probably will want to bundle, but you probably also want to minify. Does that imply that we should require a minifier to even run any code at all, even in dev? No, of course not.

By adding a standard and native support we allow for sites that work without bundling and bundling that can adhere to the standard and not have to even be configured because the input is standard and the output must preserve those standard semantics. That gives tool independence and simplifies usage of the toolchains, and that's a great goal to shoot for.
Haven't thought about the self-hosting story yet (or rather, I thought more in the direction of a desktop Electron app), but definitely an option. Added an issue[1].

[1] https://github.com/excalideck/excalideck/issues/33
One familiar chip that end users might not expect to contain a computer is the IMU or accelerometer. Take a look at this flyer from a recent Bosch smartphone IMU:

https://www.bosch-sensortec.com/media/boschsensortec/downloa...

You might think an accelerometer just outputs acceleration data. I've used some that were purely analog; as an acceleration moved a mass, a strain gauge or piezo element flexed; the output wires were simply analog signals. But these excerpts:

> ...combines precise
acceleration and angular rate measurement with intelligent on-
chip motion-triggered interrupt features.

> The IMU provides highly accurate step
counting, motion detection

> provides an intelligent power management system
enabling motion-triggered always-on features to run inside the
ultra-low power domain of the IMU

That ultra-low power domain of the IMU doesn't have dedicated logic to do step counting, it has a processor. The GPS IC has a processor. The power management IC is not just a voltage regulator, it contains a processor. The uSD card or UFS flash IC contains a processor. The camera sensors contain processors. The display controller contains a processor. Looking at a teardown, I can't see too many more ICs on a smartphone motherboard...oh, I suppose the noise-cancelling/speak to wake functions of the microphone ADC are probably also implemented by a processor. Some of those, depending on the manufacturer's vertical integration and the age of the device, are inside the SoC, but many of those functions that you might imagine to be hard-wired are actually running in firmware.
One nice thing about lightweight crypto is that it's easy to port. Implementing ASCON in Go was pretty fun and only took an hour or two: https://github.com/lukechampine/ascon/blob/master/ascon.go

(Obviously it wouldn't make a ton of sense to use Go if you're resource-constrained, but having a library is worthwhile for compatibility reasons regardless.)
> Maybe choosing Rust was hype-driven decision,

They've been using Rust internally for various tools already, so I think this decision has been motivated by their positive experience with Rust
If you want to learn, you’ve gotta get down into the weeds. HN used to be more like that, and still is in some threads.
Or how leetcode heavy hiring favors folks that tend to be more fresh out of college & folks who have time to prepare for them.
Overleaf and VSCode (with LaTeX workshop) support this.
The cost was not too high: if your family already had a computer, you just had to buy a modem, although they were somewhat expensive for a kid at the time.

After you had the hardware, you still needed a few more things though: first, you had to know of phone numbers for local BBSes. In my area, they were all listed in a local computer user newspaper that was available at the local Micro Center.

Once you had the modem and phone numbers of local BBSes, you also needed a terminal program to actually dial in. I think I got mine at a local bookstore that also sold shareware software on floppy disks.

Once you had all those things, you were ready to start. For me it was mostly just dialing around to local BBSes, seeing what files they had, playing door games (i.e. online games hosted on the BBS), and downloading shareware games and stuff. I didn't do a whole lot of interacting with other people on the BBS outside of games - for one, there was never any things like realtime chat with other users except on boards with multiple phone lines which were pretty rare.
Also, all downloads took forever, so people were always experimenting with new download protocols to try to eek out a little more speed - that was a big thing at the time.

It was all very niche and not really very mainstream - mostly just computer nerds did it.

Once internet service providers became more mainstream, BBSes died out, because who wants to dial into some local podunk bulletin board service when you could be connecting to people across the whole world?
There are problems that nosql databases solve easily that require a lot of fancy tricks in a RDBMS.
The progression from DK1 to Quest 2 proves that effective technological miracles are in the reach of Facebook’s VR group. It’s pretty insane what has been done so far.
Hyper Reality: the city saturated in media
The Octopus Teacher on netflix is highly recommended, if you haven't watched it yet. Octopuses are amazing creatures!
You’re maybe thinking of compression? Primary id is unique too but indexed search is still logn compared to full table scan (n)
They became part of the feedback in their model. Real estate markets are high value with limited inventory, if you add market maker (zilllow) they set the floor. They had too much influence on the price, and didn’t just provide liquidity. Additionally these transactions take time to settle, and Zillow tried to improve their profit buy improving adding additional risk by increasing holding time.

Finally im not sure how they hedged the risk. How do you short houses? If you consider mortgages like you holding 20% to protect the bank from losing, the variability can be difficult up to 20%, and leaves you with a hell of a downside.
Best practices and examples for designing with AI
This is postulating cultural breakage is in some part due to the latest round of high achievers being detached and not paying attention to the community at large. Its an American right of passage "I got mine".

I'd say its more influenced by political media being turned into a team sport to compete with entertainment. Why do people fall for this and turn a blind eye to hypocrisy of their chosen team? Why do people need to be attached to a group? Why is the group more important then their supposed values?

Most of this supposed culture war will doom human endeavors for the complete futility of winning something that doesn't matter. I suppose the new dark ages are needed if humanity must cling to the group even when its idiotic.
>a (previously considered) unattainable goal.

I've got a PhD. Personally, I'd say "unrealized" instead of "unattainable." Unattainable makes it seem like a dissertation topic is always some magical effort.

Lots of PhD work is a investigating some mundane area that somebody else hasn't (due to lack of time or interest) investigated yet. I wonder how many dissertations come from a random comment by a professor saying like "Well here is some minor tangential topic I/somebody should look into."
Because as shocking as this might sound like unlike the characters in the movie Matrix I don't have a built-in INET_NTOA function in my retina to see the string form of the IP addresses when glancing at table rows of a large table looking for patterns or a certain IP.
Contextually, given data collection that shows a 25% rate of cognitive neurological disorders 6 months post-infection, I am not sure where is the alarmism or how to question it.

In general, if there is a phenomenon, I want it studied, with a strength proportional to that being a phenomenon of concern.

Incidentally: I am not sure Von Neumann in his last times was more concerned of the cancer, than of the cognitive abilities he lost and was losing. Of all the things one may sacrifice, some put mental faculties towards last.
>> but when it came down to actually "using" the systems, folks weren't typically shouting at their machines to go faster.

Did you ever download or upload files?

>> scrolling simple prompts, simple menus, text messages are all fine at 1200 baud.

Yes, on a 80 column text screen, there was only so much you could see at a time. People who have only seen web pages with inline images at high resolution that load instantly would probably see 1200 baud as slow.
My point is that this is true regardless if the pay is cut a bit. If you work for Google and move to work remotely, you may need to worry that when you need to change jobs you may not find some other SV giant hiring you remotely with the same conditions.
Because PhDs are still relatively few and far between, most people have never interacted more than superficially with a small handful of them. And if they happen to meet one who's an asshole or an idiot, that becomes memorable.

What if generalizing about PhDs is impossible? What if that's partly the case because the point of the PhD is to let someone establish their own character as a researcher or scholar? Things that deliberately try to elude generalization, are hard to generalize about. If you took me and my lab-mates in grad school, and followed us through our careers, I doubt that any common theme would emerge.

What if generalization is further complicated by confounding variables? For instance, PhDs are more common in some fields than others. At my workplace, all of the PhDs have degrees in math or the physical sciences, even if they are working as engineers or programmers. There are no engineering or CS PhDs.

Disclosure: Physics PhD
If you want to declare that the function takes a fixnum and returns a fixnum, you can use a function type declaration:

(declaim (ftype (function (fixnum) (values fixnum &optional)) foo))

Of course, if you pass a fixnum and the result cannot actually be stored in a fixnum, that's no good. So you need to either handle that case or not make such a declaration.
Somewhere out there is a book in English that is written solely using the hex alphanums.
I'm happy you're going to make a fortune, but it's not what I want out of life.

How is second related, I don't follow?
>My experience of PhD is more mundane. I didn't discover anything particularly meaningful, or hard, or even useful.

Agreed. I feel the same about my PhD. I did write a book that I could use to put myself to sleep though :)
Thanks, I'll probably fetch it tonight.
Well, sure, if you want macOS then macOS will be your best bet. I can’t imagine wanting that very particular and often very awkward top menu bar functionality. I was a heavily invested macOS user for many years and always found it a minor aggravation that I could only have one application’s menu bar up at a time.
No, we were doing full body tracking with perception neuron inertial sensors tracking 7 years ago in AltspaceVR. My guess is the zero cost option is going to be using a home mirror, as recently demoed. It can also be done with outside in cameras, was done with Kinect literally almost a decade ago or with lighthouse pucks from valve 4-5 years ago. Facial and eye tracking will almost certainly be in the next meta headset.

Motion sickness goes down with each generation and is also largely a function of software design anyway. You’re very behind the curve.