skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
So, there's "first", and there's "was a widespread cultural thing".

For numerous reasons, reading books as a popular pastime didn't take off before 1800:

- Literacy rates were low. Not as low in England as elsewhere, but on the order of 25% or so. (In other parts of Europe, that could be 5--10%.) By the end of the 19th century, 90--95% literacy rates were widespread.

- Education. Free public education is also a 19th century thing, emerging in England and Germany principally (the Prussian school system), the latter of which strongly influenced US education. Keep in mind that as of 1900 high school graduation rates were about 6% in the US, virtually exclusively white males. The current PhD attainment rate is higher than that.

- Printing presses. Through 1800, these were still largely constructed of wood, and little changed from Gutenberg's original design. Cast-iron, and later steel presses were introduced in the early 1800s, followed shortly by powered (first steam, later electric), rotary, and web presses. Impression per hour increased from about 60--120, to over 100,000 by the end of the century.

- Paper. Cheap wood-pulp (rather than cotton-rag) paper emerged in the early 1800s as well. Much of this was high-acid, and suffered from longevity problems (yellowing, cracking, and ultimately breaking apart), which was addressed in the 20th century.

- Railroads. Printed books and newspapers could be cheaply distributed throughout a region or country.

The upshot is that a copy of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations cost about £5, when a workingman's wages for a year might be £30, in 1776.[1] By the 1850s, "penny dreadfuls", running 8--16 pages and costing 1p, were popular (and decried as a dissolution of the youth). Wages remained on the order of 30--110£/yr (labourer and engineer, respectively), but the cost of books had fallen ... tremendously. I'm not quite sure what price a book fetched by 1850, though extrapolating from 1p/16pp, a 320 page book would be about 1 shilling, or 1/100th the cost of Wealth of Nations when originally published.

Books, short stories, and articles had also become the sweetener for advertising-supported publications and magazines (I recommend again, Hamilton Holt's excellent 1909 short book, Commercialism and Journalism, describing the rise of advertising-supported media: https://archive.org/details/commercialismjou00holtuoft). Serialised fiction (see especally Dickens, who largely invented the formula) "brought reading to the masses".

________________________________

Notes:

1. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ucm.5319377541&view=1...
> The rest of the US decided to just ship the homeless west. [citation needed]
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That's a good idea. It's basically a group code review. Everybody can see what's getting merged in and what's going out to production.
What is an IC? (in your first sentence)
>but you get six times three choices, which is barely 4 bits, to express yourself.

This reminded me so much of that one Better Off Ted[0] episode, especially considering all the marketing speak in that article on top. In it, the Veridian company decided to allow employees to individualize their work space, but couldn't allow them to make choices themselves, so they choose the individuality for their employees, out of 4 exciting and non-offensive choices. "Enjoy your new personalities".

[0] S01E07, 5:23, totally legit I am sure copy available here: https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x6l5j39?start=323
Middle schools can pay administrators $250k+ a year, but can't afford sys admins?
I'm a DevOps engineer embedded in a Development team, (something about Spotify models being popular).
Stand-Ups are a complete and utter waste of time and a lovely way to break flow in the middle of the morning.

No one knows what anyone else is doing, 99% of the time no one cares, Moreover people are all dealing with context switch and ineffective at relating how their thing might have a knock-on effect for others.

Sure makes team leaders feel like they are in the loop and valuable to an organisation though, especially ones that don't know how to ask effectively.
I would have loved to implement this in Haskell as an exercise in uni!
What do you do after prosecuting them? Issue them a fine? They are homeless.

Throw them in jail? Then you are just housing them with extra steps. That's more expensive then just simply housing them; if the bay area won't build housing, why would the bay area expand prisons?
It was the socialist authority that carried out a lot of the construction though: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Vienna

Can't see that happening in SF, they'll probably just tighten up the laws on loitering and rough sleeping and send them to private prisons instead... even if it costs more.
I think it's Goldman Sachs as mentioned in their parent comment.
When will we call the homeless crisis what it really is? A drug problem. The majority of the people you see on the streets in tents etc, are drug addicts. Reframing the problem as a drug crisis can give the people that are trying to solve it new solutions.

In a drug crisis, focusing on more housing might not solve the problem.

We have been trying to solve the problem with more affordable housing for a decade and every year the problem gets worse.

Because we're dealing with a drug epidemic. IMHO. It's opioids.
> But the response to pretty much any article asking why economists got something wrong is because economists don't all have aligned interests.

That's not what I perceived after reading this article: it seems to propose a very different hypothesis:

> Krugman wants to be the Rush Limbaugh of the Left.

> To Krugman, economics is no longer a quest for
understanding, delightful in its capacity to overturn one’s
preconceptions. Economics is just a set of debating points to argue for policies that one has adopted for partisan political purposes. ‘Stimulus’ is just marketing to sell Congressmen and voters a package of government spending priorities that are wants for political reasons. It is not a proposition to be explained, understood, taken seriously to its logical limits, or reflective of market failures that should be addressed directly
I think comparing the use of contractors to the use of cloud services is pretty disingenuous in this context.

The reason that "one-person company" is emphasized in the title is because people will expect to find a list of technologies that make developing and maintaining all of the tech required to run a company do-able for a single person.

Advice about which cloud services to use is exactly what I would expect to find on such a list. Hiring external developers is exactly the opposite of what I would expect to see, and kind of undermines the premise.
My spouse is a teacher and has practically made a game of "which low-status jobs would match my current benefits-inclusive income, while never making me take work home or making me deal with kids' mental health issues, which is incredibly stressful?" With current wage hikes in the service industry, the proportion that make the cut is going up daily.
I can assure you that no BCD routines (nor Woz's nor Atari's) were hurt during production of this game. They are really slow. You need to use all kind of tricks and cheats when creating 3d game on 8bit machine and all needed calculations are precalculated in lookup tables.
I contacted Thomas several years ago about an Open Source project that he didn't maintain anymore and which I wanted to maintain. He was very cool about it and put maintainership in my hands. I wish him the best of luck, too.
Seems like that'd be a good incentive to not align your political axis around educated vs uneducated.

As for simply installing uneducated people in the bureaucracy instead, that's how you end up with the Soviet Union.
Of course you couldn't help yourself, I poopoo'd on your dog in the race and you couldn't think of something meaningful to reply with.

-

And I am upset, I hate working in one of the few industries where people wear social ineptitude like a badge:

Like someone says something when they're clearly upset, you ask why they're upset, then suddenly they derail the conversation because

"how dare you imply I am some descendant of a caveman capable of being shudder upset"

Like holy shit, real people get upset! Wowie what a concept!

Dude was upset someone insulted his rockstar idol that everyone in SV knows and got called out.

I jokingly tell him even a computer can see he's upset and now there's literally another reply to me by this "peter" person picking a fight with the computer!

-

Maybe you're all stuck in this weird passive aggressive bubble of timidity (maybe that's the "everyone") where you're not allowed to express emotion but I'm not going to coddle you, not here or in real life

This person was upset. They didn't need to present it as some passive aggressive "informative", like the guy they replied to didn't know they couldn't read it.

They're just not used to having to deal with emotions directly instead of being as biting as possible while seeming... "informative"
Still better than not having any though?
What we have instead is identity politics, which is pretty toxic when mixed with democracy. Eventually we'll have to get rid of one or the other, and its not looking good for democracy at this point.
it's `cd $_` with the underscore, it repeat the last argument.

from bash man page

> _ At shell startup, set to the pathname used to invoke the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment or argument list. Subse‐

> quently, expands to the last argument to the previous simple command executed in the foreground, after expansion. Also set to the full pathname used

> to invoke each command executed and placed in the environment exported to that command. When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the

> mail file currently being checked.
This comment is 100% FUD.
Ordering food on an app is easy. Delivering it could mean injury and theft
This. Rotary and linear encoders exist are are exponentially more accurate. Using cameras just overcomplicates things for worse results.
Clinton's "surplus" is a myth. The national debt increased every year that Clinton was in office and the tax revenue generated by his policies never exceeded government spending, which would be required in order to legitimately claim a surplus.

If you look at the numbers, the Clinton "surplus" was merely some fancy accounting achieved by borrowing money from government trust funds, like social security.
Quick tips to migrate your JavaScript project to TypeScript
> The governor probably believed he had a leg to stand on here, because I'm sure that's exactly what his people told him.

My money's on this being purely a political decision. And for that, considering who it is and their position in the political landscape, I think it's too early to definitively call it a blunder.
There are broadly two kinds of homeless: those who lost their job and are discreetly trying to get back on track... and those who choose this lifestyle and shit all over the place, make enormous amounts of trash, smoke meth in bookstore bathrooms, steal from stores and assault people.

All day long I see the second group all over town destroying stuff and causing mayhem that ends up hurting innocent bystanders.

Yet when the media talks about homelessness they only speak as if all homeless are in the first group-- down on their luck and needing a helping hand and if you feel anything other than deep guilt you are less than human.

The ruse is up: everyone has too many anecdotes of being assaulted, having to walk out into the street to go around heaps of garbage, watching people openly inject drugs on sidewalks in front of unwilling witnesses.

There are clearly two distinct things going on and they likely have two totally different solutions. If media and politicians keep communicating as if there is only one problem, despite what our ears and eyes tell us every single day, then this will continue to get worse and the outcome will likely be the same as the 'defund the police' movement-- a voter referendum that says 'enough of this nonsense'.
Calling this "benchmarketing" sounds like you're saying the entire thing is disreputable which doesn't seem right. This blog post didn't remotely come off as shilling to me. The author does not (seem to) work for either company. They gave it a shot and shared a result. Whether or not it's a good benchmark or representative for your (anyone's) use case is debatable.
It’s a racket essentially, they make up a certification sell it to people buying software. Those buyers force it on their suppliers and they can charge for auditing and compliance.
Not much you can do though, just have to grit your teeth and get on with it and try and avoid the most bureaucratic parts that slow down you ability to execute.
Hi. Creator of the package here.

It is indeed very much like Bookdown. However, there are a few specific problems that I have with Rmarkdown and similar systems (the foundation for Bookdown) that I wanted to solve:
1. Rmarkdown does not make it easy to write a book as a package. With a package, you get testing, dependency control and some more organizational things for free.
2. Rmarkdown and similar systems encapsulate your code in code blocks and require you to set metadata for each block. For the metadata, there is a kind of DSL with things like `show=TRUE`. I switched this around and just evaluate exactly what the user writes. This sort of "metadata" can be set via functions such as `sco` (show code and output). In combination with Julia's macro system, this even allows for grabbing function definitions from within the package with `@sco`. So, you can write a software package with a function `foo` and call `@sco foo(1)` so see the source code and output for calling `foo` with argument `1`. The benefit of avoiding the DSL is that users can be much more expressive in what they decide to do around their code blocks.
It was more complicated than that in Seattle

https://www.wethegoverned.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Hom...

Definitely from a point of view, but well argued and documented
That is intriguing. Within the source code of its HTML, the White House included an easter bunny encouraging people to apply for jobs if they are reading this message!

Would I be slandered and jailed for applying to this job offering by the US Gov't? What do you think Parson would have done in this situation? I did have to press F12, so this is quite the predicament! /s

[1]. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/21/biden-white-house-website-ha...
Our PM ( The Netherlands ) has invented his own wording : I do not have active recollections of this-or-that.
Chess: Addiction and Rating Obsession
Observe, Identify and Overcome
The huge surge in homelessness is the result of drugs. Cheap opioids.
> I am amazed at how quickly Ruby came and went

It's still here. You decided to switch stacks which is fine, I haven't and I'm doing fine as well. I'm not expecting Ruby jobs to die out in the coming 20 years. There's less of them than there used to be 5 years ago but there are also less developers per job.
But yes, Ruby isn't the #1 choice for startups tech anymore. I'm not so sure Node will still be the top choice 5-10 years from now. Or Go. The hype cycle will go on and on. It's only Java that I feel really confident in saying it won't loss any market share, and maybe C.
There is a fine line between empathy and enablement.
> So you think I'm a multi-level marketer? Is it even possible to prove otherwise? I just happen to believe in that project and like to talk about it.

And do you own any Monero?
> Change the maximum amount you can sell a house to be equal to cost of materials plus 30 days of labor for 5 people.

That's a terrible idea, who will construct anything if there is no money to be made? You don't fix those kinds of problems by price fixing, let the free market take care of the supply/demand issue. Unfortunately, the bay area is far from a free market when it comes to housing.
There has been continuous research into alternative pedagogy, but the typical undergraduate intro math/science course looks pretty much unchanged in both pedagogy and curriculum. My undergraduate math and physics courses circa 2005 were only slightly different than similar courses from 1960 (the main differences were things like an online discussion board in some courses, some courses with power point slides instead of a chalkboard, videotaped lectures in some courses, use of computers to type up papers instead of typewriters/handwriting), and the typical course is still not that much different 15 years later.

One of my hobbies is skimming old math textbooks; Lacroix’s textbook from about 1800 is not essentially different in structure or content than a typical 2020 intro calculus textbook for undergraduates or high school students, or almost any book in between. Way less radical or era-appropriate than something like http://www.math.smith.edu/~callahan/intromine.html

If you hunt you can find teachers trying new ideas (and you could also find teachers trying non-mainstream pedagogy 20, 40, or 60 years ago), but it takes generations for ideas to turn over.

If you are interested in better introductory physics pedagogy in particular, David Hestenes (in other work, the chief promoter of GA for decades) is a real pioneer and a huge influence on e.g. Eric Mazur. http://geocalc.clas.asu.edu/html/Modeling.html https://mazur.harvard.edu/files/mazur/files/rep_557.pdf