skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> My risk model prefers replacing any disk that is encountering unrecoverable errors, to avoid the disk causing additional problems as it degrades (no matter how good your error detection is, it is preferable not to lean on it more often than necessary). To ensure only the affected data is concerned, it is possible to relocate only that disk's data to a new replica, to minimise the burden.

Your risk model is of course not exclusive of the PAR protocol. However, PAR would mean that a cluster can at least recover itself and then replace the disk in the background, without this being a showstopper event.

The paper has some very simple examples of where a single disk sector failure can render a cluster unable to complete a view change and thus completely unavailable, but where PAR's distinction between uncommitted/committed ops can mean that the cluster can make forward progress and recover.

There are also further optimizations that you can do on top of PAR once you get started, for example to support constant-time acks even from lagging followers which don't have a complete log, to help them catch up faster and reduce ack latency spikes, while still sticking to the VSR invariant of not allowing gaps in the committed log (as distinct from the uncommitted log). I won't go into further details, but you can see how we do this exactly in TigerBeetle (src/vsr/replica.zig).

> This isn't a concern in practice from experience, and theoretically the risk is also minimal. Unrecoverable disk errors occur at a rate of fewer than one per many petabytes.

Theoretically, but in practice a bad batch could easily have higher failure rates. You would also need to make sure that your scrubbing rates are surfacing bad sectors soon enough and that you can then reconfigure faster than additional sectors fail. It's also rare to see test suites actually injecting storage faults and testing that the scrubbing system can detect and repair. This aspect of recovery is often simply not tested.

However, as I mentioned before, PAR also shows cases where even a single local disk sector is enough to bring down a cluster that doesn't implement protocol-aware recovery for consensus storage.

The principle is that local storage and global consensus protocol really do need to be integrated, unless maximizing availability or network efficiency are not primary goals of the system.

> Could you explain how the paper addresses this particular kind of fault?

Sure, this kind of fault is addressed by Viewstamped Replication's 2012 revision, not by PAR. See the Recovery Protocol in the paper by Liskov and Cowling. In the paper, it's used to recover RAM contents after a crash but the technique is also helpful for storage, and indeed the paper always has stable storage in mind, it's just that it doesn't require it for correctness as other consensus protocols tend to do.

VSR is more of a "write-back cache" style protocol and I believe this makes it a better place for engineers to start from, because it's easier to work with disks, when you don't place much reliance on them.
How to implement a TypeScript-style type checker, part 5: intersection types
The property I’m currently renting has an assessed value of $248k. A nearby comparable house just sold for $2m. It’s not unusual around here for that to be the case.
I agree it's silly, but it means that once a month, I need to plug it in when I go for lunch, or before I go to bed.

And you can still use the scrolling top and click while its charging if you really need to continue browsing.
He was asking what algorithm you're using. Are you using a MaxEnt classifier, CRF, something else?
To add, solving world hunger is more than just give everyone food. The USA had been supplying cheap/food to countries but this started causing the farmers in those countries to stop growing food because they could not compete with the free food. So either the US is a monster because they are undercutting the local market or they are a monster because they are throwing away food when people are going hungry.
Decoupling the physical storage of the model from its logical representation is a very important capability if you want any sort of agility down the road. The way we do this is fairly simple:

- Maintain a common domain model stored in a shared dll. This is a POCO type without any methods or mappers of its own. All it does is contain all the facts you might need. To encapsulate everything into a serializable structure, we place all top-level domain types as collections into an aggregate type simply called "Domain".

- Maintain mappers to/from the domain model in the locations most appropriate for these to live. These mappers could talk to SQL, memory, some noSQL garbo, the user's web UI, etc.

The advantages with this layer of separation almost universally outweigh the downsides unless you can convince your development team to build a more standardized single-process/monorepo product. In a simpler product, I would be more inclined to just directly interact with SQLite via anonymous types.

We have used ORMs like EF in the past, but these get in the way really badly and prevent you from building your logical model in precisely the way you want to.
Except for the fact that the app running under Rosetta is extremely resource intensive and drains the laptop battery.
It's complicated. At my last startup (web application) I was in charge of hiring for the technical team. I've got an application from a guy who really really wanted to work there. But the truth is that he didn't have basic coding skills (in that, he couldn't do FizzBuzz level of coding). I really tried to get him in but in reality we would not have been able to put him in any position.

I was sad because he sent the best "cover letters" I have read ever. And I almost never care about cover letters.
Psychological effect can amplify the pain you are experiencing. By really noticing and associating the pain with something worse than it is, it makes it hurt more. Placebo can take your mind off it and make it less noticeable.
* in the U.S.. For example 10 000 USD translates to ~85 000 Swedish kronor, a monthly salary that would probably put you in the top 5% (if not higher) income wise.
They laid it out pretty simply in the article:

1.1.1.1 - General

1.1.1.2 - No Malware

1.1.1.3 - No adult content

Personally I like how they laid this out, makes it super easy to remember.
It's broken-windows adopted as public policy rather than recognized as a fallacious waste.
Certainly not condoning it, but as long as you don't interfere with another user, you could get away with it.

For the frequencies I'm using, the 3.4 GHz band is very lightly used by hams, so that won't be a problem. Plus wide band OFDM signals just sound like noise in a narrow band receiver. There are government/military radars, but only in certain geographic areas.

2305 MHz is a little different. The 2305 to 2310 segment is shared with band 30 LTE. Band 30 is pretty lightly used by AT&T (the only licensee), but they do use it in some cities. The 2300 to 2305 segment is interesting. Amateur radio is secondary, but there is no primary user. My guess is that it's kept this way to provide a guard band to the deep space band at 2290 to 2300 MHz.

An alternative frequency would be 2395 MHz, but that's very close to the WiFi band. If you really want to be stealth, then 10 and 24 GHz would be ideal.
this but in the UK
As a counterpoint, users can get very wrapped up in changes, and it sounds like the Debian project had a mechanism for resolving the conflict that wasn’t “endless flamewar.”
> Except HN isn’t recommending comments, is it?

HN is a recommendations engine and the front page is similar to a feed. HN has user-generated content and comments. HN is definitely a social media platform and would be covered under any such laws.

HN has algorithms to determine which stories and comments are shown and in which order. The primary inputs are upvotes, downvotes, and flags, but it’s not a transparent or linear algorithm. Moderators (or single moderator, I’m not sure) have influence to override algorithm decisions like buried stories and force them to be shown again.

Which is not really that much different than what Facebook and other sites are doing with likes, follows, and views in their own algorithms. If HN exceeded the unique monthly visitor threshold of this bill, it would absolutely be impacted.

HN even has a feature that goes a step further than Facebook: The site allows privileged posters (YC companies) to insert special stories for hiring requests that don’t allow comments and, as far as I can tell, get some special priority in the front page rankings without necessarily requiring user upvotes. If someone decided to argue that such a job posting caused them “emotional harm” under this proposed law, they could have some standing.
We need laws preventing companies from paying these ransoms. That is one of the best ways to stop these attacks... Remove the motivation.
The RAM is "unified" and on the same chip as the CPU and GPU.
Personally, I would much prefer we move over to source-available options that would allow people to charge commerical companies generating x amount of money a fee while providing free of charge for everyone else.

The whole idea that I as a private person need to sponsor someone else to do open source work so I can use their code at my paid job to do something for my for-profit employer seems outragous to me and a sign that out ecosystem is corrupt. Companies get rich while we pay out.
Does anyone have any good numbers on the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells vs batteries? Naively, I would expect that it would be lighter to "store" electricity by electrolysizing water and storing the hydrogen, then running the hydrogen through a fuel cell.
"If I understand the OP correctly, this sort of philosophy is deeply troubling to some people. For simplicity-oriented folks, trivial things should be trivial, as a matter of principle."

I suspect those people don't matter to this conversation and would not be working on things related to Linux graphics at all. Once you start involving DRM and Mesa (or the proprietary nvidia drivers...), everything gets really complicated, and it's not easy to come up with a one-size-fits-all approach.

In particular: the lack of GBM/dmabuf support prevented having any kind of consistent API for efficient screen capture when using the nvidia drivers, but I think that is changing slowly.
I asked Scott Aaronson what he thought about Knuth's ideas, and he said something along the lines of when you're as famous as Knuth, you can get away with saying nonsense like that.
Wow. There is no positive outcome in this case.

If the patent troll wins, we lose, and low quality shit patents are further confirmed.

If the TSA wins, it allows the TSA to continue to incinerate cash in a never ending play of "security theater".
Catharsis Design
Catharsis is an NFT-driven jewelry & accessory brand. Our mission is to fuse the physical and digital worlds of fashion and art.
"I'm really curious about voting ring detection."

I am curious about this as well.

When I read "voting ring" I think of accounts trading votes - a group of accounts votes for each others' stories.

But your description (possibly accurate) is that asking people to vote for a story is a "voting ring".

Once in a while my company makes an announcement of some kind and emails that announcement to some portion of our customer base. Sometimes that announcement includes a link to an HN story that I create with an invitation for discussion. We never make any mention of voting or scoring.

This makes good sense because we don't have a forum and everyone prefers the HN user interface anyway.

Is this a voting ring ?

If this is not a voting ring, per se, is it likely this still trips the voting ring detection ?

Is this poor HN etiquette ?
> You also have to spend time learning and integrating a complicated new library into your documents.

I literally hacked together from scratch a simple HLS stream player in half an hour using VideoJS, not having worked with that one (or video streaming in browsers) before at all, and I'm a backend/ops-focused person. Further two hours saw the addition of a basic playlist for the stream recordings of nginx-rtmp.

I agree that the HTML5 video element lacks features, but the existence of VideoJS alleviates a lot of that.
I think part of the point that the author misses is that while designing a spacecraft for a Starship launch does remove a lot of the constraints there is not the infrastructure to take advantage of that (yet).

There have been some preliminary studies on spacecraft that could take advantage of a Starship launch capability, but we currently can't transport a spacecraft that large over the road. It would most likely have to be transported by ship from the manufacturing facility to the launch site. Additionally, new test facilities like thermal vacuum chambers, acoustic cells and anechoic chambers would likely have to be created to handle the large spacecraft that a Starship could enable. And NASA is not going to make that investment until there is a higher probability of the Starship succeeding.

Those in the industry are pretty cautious about Elon's promises. Back in 2011, SpaceX advertised that the first Falcon heavy flight was going to be in 2013 [0], but the demo flight didn't occur until 2018, with the first launch of an actual payload in 2019.

[0] https://www.reuters.com/article/space-business-rocket-idUSN0...
> Well, there are many ways to skin this particular cat

Sure, of course, but why shouldn't we implement the easy wins as well? PAR is pretty simple to implement. It's not exclusive to other techniques, and it increases availability significantly. It's not either/or but both I believe.

> At the end of the day the disk must guarantee something, or else you are screwed no matter what. For example, if an acceptor acknowledges a phase-1 (view change) message but the disk lies about storing the new ballot/view/term, then all these protocols are incorrect.

No, that's actually exactly my point about Viewstamped Replication as per the 2012 revision (and your example is precisely what I've had back in mind throughout this thread).

VSR's view change is different from all the others, in that it does not require any guarantee from disk. The whole view change protocol is entirely in-memory. It's the one protocol (at least that I know of) that remains correct, even where all the others would be incorrect (since, contrary to VSR, they unfortunately require pristine stable storage for correctness).

I think we are making the same point, you just missed this aspect of VSR, in that it places no reliance on disk (at all) for correctness. This sets it apart from all the others.

VSR is closer to a "near-byzantine" model as I like to call it. You can have completely byzantine storage (which is probably not a bad way to think of physical disks and firmwares and kernel caches) and VSR will remain correct, despite requiring only the same resources as an otherwise non-byzantine protocol.
Useful, thanks. Always wondered the numbers behind 99.9%. Suppose I was lazy to calculate it.
Starship with refueling is designed for 100 tones to Mars. Actually if you do the math it can be even more.

> The rover was not just a ton, it came with a heatshield and other machinery.

Great and that was thrown away and didn't add anything to the mission. The actual payload is 1 ton.

> Nasa has plenty of other projects, like the SAFE nuclear reactor, and I am sure these teams will be delighted to do something other than track every milligram

If they allow them to not work that way. That the whole point.

I know for a fact the the people who work on Kilopower are really exited for their reactors to potentially power future Mars base and they really want to be allowed to build larger versions.
It’s not a demographic crisis, but an economic one. China’s citizens will be fine if the economy is appropriately managed (with healthcare and elderly care prioritized over more frivolous spending/investment categories), but China and the CCP will have diminished power with less labor and consumers available. It’s an important distinction.
Your psychiatrist may have had patients suffering from this that never told her.

They would have discontinued the medication, terminated the doctor patient realationship, then waited for things to "go back to normal" when they were off the drug but found it never did.

In fact they may have voiced concerns to her and she may have said "it will go back to normal if you discontinue the drug". But they never went off the drugs until they fired her as their doctor, so she would never know about the subsequent problems.
Sorry, I wasn't clear in that statement. I meant that if we are on a space station in orbit somewhere we can't mine anything right there. We could go to an asteroid or whatever or we could go to the moon which is always right there.
(not op) for reference, 39g of oats contains 28g of carbohydrates.

https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you...

- The biggest influence on blood cholesterol level is the mix of fats and carbohydrates in your diet—not the amount of cholesterol you eat from food.
- Although it remains important to limit the amount of cholesterol you eat, especially if you have diabetes, for most people dietary cholesterol is not as problematic as once believed.
> conceptualizing the impact of such slow change.

For years there have been dire warnings about sea level rise, we have seen the same warnings in the last week in the Dutch press again. Apparently lots of ice is melting for years/decades.

Yet, there is no acceleration in the sea level rise on our shores, which has been at a relatively stable ~2mm a year for over a century. Furthermore, sea level has risen since we exitted the ice age, our North Sea used to be land.
I don't think NASA really wants to give the benefit of the doubt to SLS. It's a congressionally mandated program, that NASA regularly proposes reducing the budget and responsibility for (e.g. https://spacenews.com/nasa-budget-proposal-targets-sls/), and Congress regularly rebuffs them and demands SLS.

If Congress passes a budget with $7B in funding specifically for SLS, you can't really blame NASA for spending that money on SLS.
I've tried roam, paid for hypernotes and set up tiddlyroam. I sorta get it, but they feel so hard to use. I got excited about hypernotes, especially because of how intuitive the graph view is. I lost interest, probably because I can't quickly imagine what is possible with that paradigm. How do you use roam?

Regarding SelfDecode, I literally had the tab open on my laptop and my phone for months before I signed up. I would revisit it every once in a while but the dystopian terror of my DNA on someone else's server kept winning.

My wife then got me an ancestry.com test, which I was hesitant about too. A month of being nagged finally got me to submit it. With that seal broken, SelfDecode wasn't such a leap. I submitted my ancestry stuff to them and I can honestly say that what their reports revealed has been life changing. The major revelation I'm still trying to accept is a marker that indicates I may soon develop an untreatable degenerative disease, the symptoms of which are beginning to show.

Anyways, if you can find a lab that has a policy you trust, there are genetic databases online that you can manually reference your results against. It's tedious, and requires interpreting piles of obscure research papers.
Bikeshedding like this must constantly go on on large teams internally, especially with technical leads on what the scope and how their particular part of the system functions.

Since Debian does this all out in the open, we just get to watch how the sausage is made.
Remote Development with JetBrains IDEs
The space museum (also home of the famous Space Camp) in Huntsville, AL sure is pimping it, still. That's the one and only future rocket for USA space flight, one might think if one's only knowledge came from a visit to that museum, rather than a sad zombie project that everyone knows will be badly obsolete by the time it flies. Plus a huge amount of square footage dedicated to advertising for various MIC contractors for stuff that has little or nothing to do with space, and a lot to do with killing people. Super lame. Half of the museum feels like a government contractor trade show, not a museum, which makes sense given where it's located, but doesn't explain why it seems to have a good reputation, as far as space & rocketry museums go.
For now, it looks like they are using Gitlab's model where they are speculatively executing items in the merge queue which will push up against max concurrent runner counts (cloud) and run up bills (self-hosted). I hope they add bors-like batching soon.

Unfortunately, I don't see anything in the docs allowing you to detect a merge-queue run compared to a regular run. If they are treated as master pushes, then that has downsides related to deployments that might happen when only part of the pipeline succeeds and the whole thing gets rejected. If they aren't treating it as master pushes, I don't see any way to detect a merge-queue run to allow a two-tier CI system (fast but imprecise for PR iteration, complete run on merge). Something like bors' `try` is also important for a two-tier CI so you can do a full CI run on-demand. I'm sure there are ways around this.

It at least allows jumping the queue but doesn't seem to restrict that, relying on trust among people with merge-access. One feature it lacks compared to mergify is the ability to skip the PR status check run when jumping the queue because it will be redundant with the merge queue run (for expediting major issues).

See also the notes I've been collecting, comparing different merge queues: https://epage.github.io/dev/submit-queue/
There's also https://github.com/hhvm/hack-codegen/tree/master/examples/do..., along with the article at https://engineering.fb.com/2015/08/20/open-source/writing-co...

This is modern Hack code, but not representative of the state of the Ent framework nowadays - ent/ent is closer design-wise, but not usable from Hack.
All US drugs have to include the rate of side effects in their clinical trials.

Google "Product name prescribing information"
DriverBuddyReloaded – IDA script for reverse engineering Windows drivers
Who bears the brunt of the task of collecting every adult/NSFW domain out there? Doesn't such a list grow by huge numbers each day? What is the name of this list, and where can I get it?
Windows used to support rebootless kernel updates too, but for some reason they stopped doing it.
Yep, Brit here in the US too, and 'Cheers' is my sign-off-of-choice. I'm told that I only get away with it because I'm British though, and my American colleagues would feel awkward using it :)

Cheers!
The Design and Topology of an Algorithm
Stopping in heavy weather or currents is not at all safe. The ocean is a dynamic environment. Vessels must maintain steerageway or else they risk broaching or drifting into obstacles. In shallow waters a vessel in distress can sometimes drop anchor to hold position but that isn't always a practical option.
apt and traditional dependency managers are not the state-of-the-art, as nix is.

But they are still much better than run this graphical installer that may or may not do what it claims, while littering dynamic libs all around the place.
It doesn't say anything about range, but it seems it's a pretty small ferry. There are already much larger ferries that are battery-electric (largest one is the Bastø Electric in Norway, which can deliver 600 passengers and 200 cars), so I'm wondering a bit what the point is.

Hydrogen is a less efficient way of using renewable energy than using electricity directly via batteries. The only reason to use it in shipping is that for larger ships and larger distances batteries are not feasible.

DFDS is planning to convert a large ferry between copenhagen and Oslo to hydrogen:
https://www.dfds.com/en/about/media/news/hydrogen-ferry-for-...

That's the kind of project where hydrogen makes sense.
Big opaque corporations definitely never spend way too much time in meetings over pointless things.