skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> How many times are you ok with putting your life at risk?

That's not the right question to ask. If it was that black and white then you'd never get in a car.
Well the limitation of a spec ultimately is that they are only correct provided you follow the constraints the spec itself puts on the system. In that sense a formal spec is three parts.

1. A definition of the constraints of the system. These constraints are "outside" the system and if they are violated, the properties of the system will not hold. This part boils down to clear and dis-ambiguous documentation on the constraints of the system as well as some tooling to help verify the constraints are held (not always possible).

2. A definition of the system itself. This defines the rules and operations within the system as well as formal methods to prove the correctness of this system. Provided this definition is shown to be consistent, as long as the constraints (part 1) are held true, the system is secure.

3. The code itself. Projects have to choose between either writing the code and using formal methods to verify functional equivalence between the code and the system (faster but harder) or using a code generator to produce a runtime directly generated from the system definition.

---

The code (part 3) is only secure if there's a full one to one map between it and the system definition(part 2). The system definition (part 2) is only secure if all the constraints (part 1) are upheld. You can verify parts 2 and 3 automatically but in many cases you won't be able to verify all of part 1 automatically.

This attack relied on the fact that one of the tokens was atomically volatile (allowing the attacker to manipulate funds in a single atomic step increasing the price up to whatever price and risking nothing if they are unsuccessful). The previous exploit was due to the listing of another liquidity pool token that allowed reentrancy. This allowed the two pools to repeatedly interact with each other inside of each other's code bypassing various state checks.

CreamFi failed in two places. One the devs stopped maintaining the spec after forking the protocol off the original Compound Finance protocol so even if they had held the constraints, they had added features that haven't been considered with regard to the formal security of the system. Two (and more importantly) the listing committee (responsible for introducing new tokens) wasn't aware of the constraints of the system.
Or perhaps more likely, they'll go the lavabit/CALEA route, and order that their platform be modified to allow wiretapping, at which point Signal must choose between either complying with such requests, or going out of business.

If that happens, hopefully usage of p2p messaging apps like Briar or Status will gain more traction and usage.
> […] somewhere between a Millennial and a Gen Xer.

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xennials
Fine, but they seem to be trying to invite us to participate in some way, but I can't tell how.
As defines so much of society and what people claim is "human nature", there is no need for shadow governments or deep states when you have power structures and incentives. Those scale, conspiracies don't.
What is the goal / what do you imagine that will accomplish?

From outside looking in: There's the perspective of Red States and Blue States, the conservative South and Liberal New England, the massive pull and difference between geographies; the popular HN participant who indicates "Every idea from California is bad because it's from California".

But when I zoom in to actual states, holly mackarel - most of them are something like 53 to 47 or 42 to 53. I don't think a single state broke into 70's. Freakin' Texas was 52/46. And from what I can tell (I'm not an election geek), a high difference is as likely to be a factor of small population as true segregation.

So splitting states doesn't seem like it'd accomplish anything except tyranny of small majority - the 50-something-percent imposing dominant will onto 40-something-percent of population; and/or the same issues that we now think of national will become, or be exposed, as state and local based.

That national politics - heck, politics at large - moves things to a somewhat centrist, mollassy, laggard middle, I'm starting to realize is a feature not a defect.

Edit: Now, if you were to separate rural vs urban, you might obtain more of a result that you want; that seems to be a far more consistent predictor of average values. Whether Blue or Red state (and same for Provinces here in Great White North), it's almost universally, strongly, obviously a rural vs urban difference, and than a matter of how much population lives in urban vs rural. Sure Texas is red, but Houston, Dalas, Austin etc are blue. But I don't think that's either feasible or would accomplish any positive goal whatsoever :)
Buying a car factors too much personal preference in to be analogous to diagnosing a particular issue. I think a better analogy would be when you go to a shop to get your car fixed. Depending how obvious the problem is you may be given a single obvious course of action or be given a list of possible problems and a review of possible solutions. If it's severe enough you may be inclined to ask for a second opinion from another shop just to be sure but you don't default to questioning automotive repair practices because you go and google how a transmission works that week. Not because the first mechanic you see is always right but because there are multiple people that spend their lives trying to figure these things out available to you and your best bet is to always try to leverage them not try to become one of the alternative experts overnight.
Yeah, with a DAF you have the administrator cut a check to the qualified beneficiary.

Also, the annual stock deduction limit is capped at 30% or so of income.
Actually, one recent work on n-body gravitational methods found that "nuclear explosives remain an indispensable element
of the planetary defense portfolio." [0]

In particular, although these dispersion methods (as you pointed out) don't typically reduce the impact energy to zero, they offer a roughly 2 order-of-magnitude decrease in impact energy while requiring only month-scale warning.

In contrast, diversion techniques which can reduce the impact energy to 0 (e.g. by shifting the impactor to 'miss' our planet) can require decade-scale to accomplish their goal.

[0]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009457652...
This is definitely not true. Dianne Feinstein for instance has been instrumental in almost all of these efforts. As a senator from California, she could be replaced with someone nearly politically identical that didn't support government surveillance.
This is the spirit that keeps me coming back for more!
It seems to me that the market would eventually correct this. If it cost $100 to fill a party balloon with helium, people would stop filling party balloons with helium and people working in scientific applications would have plenty of helium at that price point.
> "Oregon Trail generation"

I like that. My gaming started with Repton, Qwak, Vertigo and Elite on a BBC Micro but I spent a lot of time playing Dig Dug and Rick Dangerous on green screens. I graduated highschool just as we got dialup and started realising that combined 2D/3D graphics cards might actually be alright after all. (We got one from a little company called nVidia, you probably haven't heard of them though. :P )
I think that is also likely, but I was thinking along the lines of: yes, your body is the best path to ground when the outlet isn't grounded, but, [hot > body > your shoes > floor] is higher resistance than [hot > body > neutral/ground]
Fines enforced by who? They are not EU citizens or corporations.
It is the nature of the job to set up its own incentives. How it is is exactly how the people who do it want it to be.
Yes? Do you have anything more to say?

The egg safety standards in the US and EU come to mind. Each standard considers the other standard to be so unsafe it must be banned. But they're both fine.
No? Donations of stock to DAFs are not taxed and the full amount is deducted.
As do the gas and ice giants.
To avoid the hash being entirely oblivious to bytes beyond a small block at the start, we could take additional samples of the file at exponentially increasing offsets:

Hash the first kilobyte.

Hash the 16th kilobyte

Hash the 256th kilobyte

Hash the 4096th kilobyte (4M)

Hash the 65536th kilobyte (64M)

Hash the 1048576th kilobyte (1G)

Then 16G, 256G, ...

It might be worth including the last kilobyte. (I think I mentioned that.) If the file format has trailing metadata, that can help, especially if there is any sort of checksum in it.
> some local governments are taking action to ban leaded avgas from being used at airports in their jurisdictions.

What happens if a 100LL aircraft lands at such an airport? Do they have to disassemble/tow it, or is there some sort of financial penalty?
Ty will do
According to Google, Gboard uses Federating Learning to train a model on user data on the local device, so no sensitive data is not sent to the server. Only the gradients are sent and aggregated on the server. https://research.google/pubs/pub47586/
I watched HBO streaming on a domestic GOL flight in 2019 - a Brazilian low-cost airline. I couldn't do that on the United flights which took me SFO -> IAH -> GRU. I figure United installed/contracted for their solution 10+ years ago. GOL introduced in-air Internet in 2016: https://www.zdnet.com/article/brazilian-airline-gol-offers-i...
Last accessed is rounded to the day.
Yes. KDE has been slowly adopting it for 11 years (!) now: https://aseigo.blogspot.com/2010/10/plasma-in-18-24-months.h...
That’s a good link: seeing what plants can become really encourages more interest in keeping them healthy
Stop Focusing on Tech Debt
I think it’s ambiguous grammatically, but I read “one of these” as one of the much bigger ones discussed in the article. “One of those” for me would have been a reference to the previous sent me, i.e. to a Hiroshima/Nagasaki sized one.
I can tell you I have workloads I'll eventually need to port from AppEngine's Python 2.7 runtime (which is the last version of the original Python runtime with which the service debuted). It's still there and still working flawlessly.
He taught numerical analysis at Berkeley, and though he was a great guy, I think he was waay to smart to be teaching undergrads... he'd go off on examples about literally every way that things like SVD could go wrong b/c of FP quirks, or how Matlab implements thing incorrectly, etc.
Mutual intelligibility is a gradual scale, not a binary. So where you draw the line on that scale is a rather arbitrary (and usually political) decision.
> recent pressure to close airports (namely KRHV) with leaded fuel

It's always been a real estate issue with KRHV.

The nearby busy highways emit vastly more emissions than trainers, likely including lead.

What city councils refuse to acknowledge is that once you close a city airport, you can never build another one. This is especially an issue in an earthquake zone.
Tax contribution by income group: USA and Europe
Please don’t use tools like these. Customers want native apps, not thinly-wrapped websites disguised as apps.

(If you reply to this thread, insisting that your customers don’t care, please tell us what your app is and how what value it provides customers that exceeds the website’s functionality.)
Launching a motivational text message service feedback appreciated
Hi!

We're ultimately looking to build a variety of subscription-based "clubs" that offer daily, handcrafted text messages around a specific topic - this concept can apply to news, memes, advice, facts, pictures, tips, etc. Myself and a few partners are starting off with a Motivation Club, which offers daily motivational texts and just launched a few days ago. The website is motivationclubs.com and we're currently offering 3 months free (normally $1.99 per month) for one motivational text per day. Any feedback on the concept, website, price, product, etc, would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks!
Looking at the chart, VW sold 173.5k in the Groups column.

Adding the Volkswagen entries in the Model column gets to about 102k.

Is the left column all cars? Or includes hybrids?

Adding the Models, VW is slightly ahead at about 102k vs about 95k for Tesla.
From an outside observation, the amount of discussion on this ridiculously long winded article represents a non-tirvial amount of wasted production time.
If you look at Chandler Az's small airport, you'll see it is now in the middle of a dense sprawl of suburbs, who no doubt have no idea leaded fuel it burnt over their heads day and night. Minimum house price in the areas wasn't less that $500k last time I looked, and those were few. Intel is just to the west. https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chandler+Municipal+Airport...
Sort of same here in the NL, at some point over a decade ago they introduced overdraft mode for your account. It was 800 euro initially, and now it's tied to your income somehow. It's free but there's interest payment on the overdraft. And you're not allowed to be in overdraft continuously for over 3 months.

It's always been opt-in, you have to enable it for your account.
We already asked you to stop posting flamewar comments, and this is an extreme case, so I've banned this account. You've also been using HN primarily for ideological battle and that's not allowed here, regardless of what you're battling for. Please don't create accounts to break HN's rules with.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
A simple extension to PostgreSQL that requires WHERE for UPDATE and DELETE
Caching would make things slower, consume more bandwidth and power why exactly?

Also, your argument assumes everyone is browsing on a phone, and with a "plan". Is there no other way to access the web these days?

I think simply disabling JS spares a lot more battery. Hell, with noScript you can block font manipulation.
Switching modes requires an extra chord. Movement in your editor now takes chords with a bunch of keys instead of 2. Steno is really flexible, but when you try to shoehorn it into situations where it's not good at the average chords per character typed.
It said it should be the same in incognito mode as well.
I tried it on both firefox and chromium. It was different in the incognito mode
> Synchronous models have been used for that far longer and more often than asynchronous ones. CGI scripts, Perl, Java servlets all did synchronous IO while also interleaving slow and fast activities for decades before Node made async IO fashionable.

Node didn't make async IO fashionable, as much as you seem to want the beat the drum of "new/hype" vs "old/Lindy/mature". Synchronous IO was slow, memory-inefficient (to spawn multiple threads), and didn't scale well. Slow enough that the C10K [1] problem was framed to capture the issues. Event loops in net servers were mostly popularized by nginx [2] to explicitly solve the C10K problem, which is what started driving folks to use event-loop async programming. Moreover event loops had been popular for years in GUI programming before multiple cores simply because CPU-level parallelism just _was not possible_ (well except for ILP which is a bit different). For example, Tcl/Tk had an event loop driving GUI display logic for ages [3], which really is the same problem. Instead of waiting on NIC events, we were waiting on keyboard/mouse events instead.

Just because it's old doesn't mean it's good. There are lots of old bad things and lots of old good things, just like there are lots of new bad things and lots of new good things.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C10k_problem

[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nginx#HTTP_proxy_and_Web_serve...

[3]: https://wiki.tcl-lang.org/page/Tcl+event+loop
Except Apple is making a direct attempt at solving the issue as it relates to CSAM (and easily expanded to other data) and facing a huge backlash. I wonder if there’s no solution because we’re (myself included) are just stubbornly unwilling to consider any solution that isn’t absolute privacy. I’m not willing to sacrifice my privacy to a nosy government, but willing to consider solutions that might allow the government to pursue its goals. Apple seems to think it’s possible that we can have the best of both worlds, even if they clearly haven’t figured it out just yet.
The important part of them having the MAC address is that it IS a unique ID. If it wasn't a unique ID, then it wouldn't matter if they had it, because their purpose in taking it is to identify you. So whether it's hashed or not is completely irrelevant.

The fact that they are taking uniquely identifiable information from you, and the fact that their company is as deep in the Ad game as Google, is more than damning enough.
I can't provide you with that assurance without more specific information as to what exactly I've done wrong. You've removed the punishment so far from the act being punished, then hidden it behind a cryptic error message, so that I have no idea what not to do in the future.

Rather than prostrate myself before the mod team, only to end up having this happen again, I'd honestly rather flush this account down the toilet, go grab a VPN and start again. If nothing else, I'm guessing that would get rid of the random, mass downvoting that's driving me crazy, and it would save us both some time.
> They expanded the search to include other Germanic relatives, such as Icelandic and older forms of German, to shed light on Old English.

Interesting, is this 17th century German fandom the basis of Tolkien's work? His Middle Earth was so fleshed out, I guess it would make sense.

> By 1720 intellectual interest in England had turned to Druidry, Celtic heritage, Stonehenge, and the imaginary world of Phoenician Druids bringing the Abrahamic religion to Britain, complete with chariot races around Stonehenge.

Reminds me, of the Hindu Nationalists view of history. Maybe not in form but in motivation. State/Church wanting to found its origins in itself.
That's a terrible analogy. Within a general class of vehicles there are typically only a handful of available options. And competition means they're all pretty good. You're not going to go too far wrong buying, let's say, a Toyota RAV4 even if a Subaru Forester might be a better option.

And most consumers don't even bother to do much research before selecting a car. They buy the Toyota because they had one before and liked it, or their friend who knows about cars said it's reliable.
can't it just run unleaded, albeit with slightly less power?
The article would be better served by exploring the “explanatory gap” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explanatory_gap?wprov=sfti1) — how is it that neurons firing in a parallel asynchronous manner leads to sequential synchronous experience and thought? How is it that matter leads to what many people throughout history have understood as “spirit”.

The question can be restated more clearly: why aren’t we all philosophical zombies? Or more generally: why is there something rather than nothing?

It may never be possible to answer this question, but does an answer matter? We know that it is possible to arrange a physical system (the brain) in such a way that a mind emerges. At some point we will be able to develop such systems in silicon. We don’t need to know why there is something rather than nothing to do so. We simply have to follow the patterns that we know work
Ada is definitely more complex than C, but not as complex as C++. If you can draw the parallel between .h/.c and .ads/.adb files, you're halfway to using Ada-as-C. If you then learn the basic procedural syntax and just enough about packages to be dangerous, you can use Ada as a moderately safer C.

You have to learn the type system, task and protected types, and a few other things to really get the advantages of Ada, though. While those aren't hard, they aren't "simple" in the same way that C is simple. But you can learn them piecewise, which is good, as it permits incremental learning of the language.
You’re attacking a straw man. I never proposed anything other than recognizing the cost of encryption. And if you are to honestly do so, then you also need to recognize things happen now digitally that would have been in person before, which ends up leaving clues like witnesses and DNA.

The world isn’t black and white.
Google has been pretty adamant for years that they don't use or retain your Gboard data, unless you're typing it into search or some Google product that gathers it there. Prediction is supposedly done in-app.
True, it's a combo technical and political achievement -- an extremely rare feat.

Some complaints should be tempered, some others should be flattened into a bare acknowledgement that floating point is simply the wrong tool for the job, e.g. currency.

Maybe one "complaint" that remains is that floating point is too good and displaces progress in development and support for other number formats that are needed in their neiche like bfloat or fixed point.
The Tsar Bomba idea is revived in the Poseidon nuclear very large torpedo which is estimated to have up to 100Mt yield and intended to hit large oceanside cities. Interesting that back then Saharov proposed such weapon and was shamed and shut down by the USSR Navy along the lines that "Navy fights enemy forces and is against such a clear attack on civilians". 50+ years later here we're - the Poseidons are put in service. It goes slow and deep - about 30 knots cruise at 1000m depth, beyond detection - and it would take it days to reach the enemy shores from several thousands miles distance, yet the idea here is that it will still come and assure the destruction, pretty much Kubrik style ( or that StarTrek episode where they were trying to stop the large autonomous space torpedo which was on its way to the target).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status-6_Oceanic_Multipurpose_...
Ideally you want to start with companies who are desperate enough to use you because the problem is so painful for them.

Try to think if there is a subset of companies that expierice the problem your startup solves in a more dire way than others.
"women will pursue STEM careers if they paid sufficiently more than other jobs, but when the pay is the same they choose service jobs" is not really any different from saying "women prefer service jobs"

Anything that influences a decision can be reframed as a cost or incentive, but without actually identifying the cost nothing is being explained.
They are both fine, but probably dangerous to have mixed.
It's funny that they've renamed it meta as that's the Hebrew word for death. Lots of Hebrew speakers having a good laugh today
MIT 9.13 The human Brain 2019 – Nancy Kanwisher
Anybody concerned about these issues should consider donating to their favourite non profit that can have an impact that works in the area. Most HN users can afford $20/year pretty easily (others could afford $200/month and not even notice it)

As they say, “Put your money where your mouth is.”
Byte magazine !
You're right, and what if that's the point?

Elon hasn't talked a lot about the social aspects of a Mars settlement. Maybe he doesn't care and figures that's up to the people who go there and his mission is just to get people there. Maybe he would agree with you and that's the point. Who knows.

I highly doubt he's naive enough to think the social outcome of a Mars settlement would be some standard issue Earthly political outcome or one that would exclusively favor him. If he is that naive he will be disappointed.
azinman2 didn't say that there should not be encryption, just that there's a cost, and I think that's a fair statement. Sometimes, 'other methods' are not viable and you're not going to be able to stop the bad guys.