skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Arrow's Impossibility Theorem is one of the great results in decision theory. This is an area where Kahneman and Tversky made major contributions.

Voting is important in cases where multiple criteria need to be optimally fused into a single decision.

The above link came from page talking about Arrow's Impossibility Theorem: https://mises.org/wire/arrows-impossibility-theorem-exposes-...

... I'm not that happy with the scary tone of the article but the summary of the theorem is a useful start for what follows...

Interestingly, the IIA result (Arrow's postulate 3, on that page), was shown experimentally by Khaneman and discussed in _The Undoing Project_ to be a irrational behavior experimentally exhibited by humans making a decision. In this experiment prisoner's were asked to choose between food items and then a third, irrelevant food choice, was offered. Non-transitive choices would appear in a significant fraction of the prisoners.

Reading the Mises.org article reminds me why humans might change their decision given irrelevant information (Arrow postulate 3). Breaking Arrow postulate 3 might be necessitated by using a voting algorithm that prefers being anti-dictatorial (Arrow postulate 1) and assuring that any globally preferred choice is selected over any globally less-preferred choice (Arrow postulate 2). Y

It has been shown that a voting scheme can preserve Arrow postulates 1 and 2 only if one allows irrelevant choices to change voting behavior (e.g. strategic voting in our current first-past-the-post, plurality, voting system).

Please consider Borda Count which is said to be close to optimal but still can be 'gamed' by strategic collusive voting. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borda_count

Also please consider Ranked Choice. In ranked choice there are rare cases where globally preferred choice lose to a globally less-preferred choice (Arrow postulate 2). See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranked_voting

Interestingly, Ranked Choice tends to retain incumbents in popular elections because name-recognition tends to produce many valuable runner-up votes. This is why some think a certain Senator from Maine survives challenges by well-funded opponents.
You missed out on the ubiquity of Polaroid nudes in the 70's and 80's. They always had this seedy vibe... it's like they made sex taboo just by virtue of lighting. Or perhaps we now associate that thanks to Polaroid.
https://archive.ph/20211025132016/https://www.theatlantic.co...
> You ascribe no intrinsic value to Bitcoin arbitrarily, because from your viewpoint there is no useful applications for it. And yet, one can use Bitcoin, for example, to store data on Bitcoin blockchain permanently, or to pay miners for performing transactions – this is intrinsic value, similar to nutritional value of pickles.

Not because there's no applications for it - there's crime - but because the value created doesn't accrue to Bitcoin, it accrues to the miners. You cannot use, touch, look at, do anything with a Bitcoin. You can pay miners to move it. That value accrues to miners.

[edit] It's like hoping your Starbucks gift cards go up in value because Starbucks sells more coffee.
> which is a primary use case for most average users to require horsepower like this

I think this is a big misunderstanding of Apple's customer base for these systems.

These GPUs are optimized for rendering tasks, not for FPS count for gaming.

> Very few games are optimized for it...Hopefully, these drawbacks will change if enough people buy these M1 machines, but there is no guarantee.

There is a guarantee, and that guarantee is hardware-level compatibility with iOS and iPad platforms.

There's a whole section of the Mac App Store called "Great iPhone and iPad Games for Mac with M1"

iOS and iPad probably represent a larger gaming installed base and revenue than PC and consoles combined.

Opinions may vary, but personally I think that being able to run Windows on your Mac is far, far down on the list on reasons to purchase a Mac. It was a very handy tool to have especially 15 years ago when the Mac didn't have as much commercial support, but in 2021 I don't think a lot of potential Mac customers really care about Windows compatibility.
Conference calls didn't obviate in-person meetings, but (as people are discovering) video calls didn't either.

There are, of course, exceptions. Just like some companies are 100% remote with video calls, people also did 100% remote work with phone conferencing and snail mail, prior to the internet.
> two of our best junior devs (at Arist YC S20) are Lambda School and Ironclad grads

I just want to echo this, I have also worked with some really really sharp engineers coming out of these bootcamps. They were also people changing careers. I would really hate for the questionable aspects of these bootcamps to reflect on all of their grads, because some of the grads are fantastic.
Show HN: Made a e-4917 emulator with a short tutorial
That's an interesting article -- thanks for posting.

One thing that struck me: two of the translation samples included the (correct/reasonable?) names for the street and bridge (Stolyarnyi Lane, Kokushkin Bridge). The others replaced the words with S-----i Lane, and K------n Bridge (or S. Lane etc).

I think I understand the problem. Cyrillic alphabet doesn't map to Latin alphabet, and there was no established English-language translation for the names in question. The two that attempted it even had slightly different spellings, akin to the problem we see with many Arabic names in English today.

This makes a big difference in readability, to me. The setting is supposed to be foreign and a bit unfamiliar to excultural readers, but K-------n looks like an error, a misprint, or an "(unintelligible)" in a transcription. That becomes part of the story, and it isn't intended as such by the author.

For this and other reasons, my vote goes to Sidney Monas, 1968. I'll add that note to my long and ever-growing TOREAD list. :)
> one single thing that makes traditional university education succesful is aptitude and drive.

Networking, connections, and (external) credentialism?
Insiders say Mark Zuckerberg Chose growth over safety
Is it possible that he was a pleasure to read back in his time? Translations have the benefit of using a more recent language. Russian lacks that advantage.
Interactive Educational learning never moved past the television nor the 00's and it's sad.

00's was a dark era for the UK with operation yewtree with discovering that many child tv presenters were doing unspeakable acts to children. That was the start of the decline of kids TV.

Shows still exist but are so heavy watered-down in what they can say or do you don't get the same effect.

Educational video games were never popular either. Word rescue, Maths rescue, Fun School; taught me english and maths, I found them fun but its a genre that never sells. I have never been a TV person and I still struggle to sit and watch TV.

My concern is that kids are now growing up with a mobile phone in their hands but the device lacks in educational learning. That's not to say there are not educational apps but most don't feel the same quality and standard as television once produced.
> panicking = crashing the computer

That isn't very accurate. In Rust when programming in no_std, you can (must?) define your own panic handler:

https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/panic-handler.html

Which you would define in the kernel. While I'm not going to speculate on exactly what the implementation would look like, you definitely do not need to "crash" the computer. I haven't done any kernel programming, but I'm guessing the kernel could do some things at that point with shared memory space that is already allocated to deal with this situation and try to recover in some way.

Edit: for example, I just found this in the kerla project: https://github.com/nuta/kerla/blob/88fd40823852a63bd639e602b...

That halts now, but it probably doesn't need to, or could do it conditionally based on the contents of PanicInfo.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Unio...
Who on earth has such requirement? If you need to move $1 billion, higher fees or slower times are negligible problems.
High COL is not an excuse to avoid paying higher taxes. If you can't afford CA (you definitely can on $421k) then live somewhere else. There are dev jobs everywhere.
It's not the income share agreement per se. It's the request for his banking info. They weren't asking for a routing and account number, they were asking for enough access to track direct deposits.

There's no way in hell I'm ever giving that sort of banking access to an employer, let alone an educational institution. For starters, I share a bank account with my wife and her earnings are none of their god damn business.
Yes!
Also (even more so) -- Doctor Who!
> Any in-orbit trades would be completely unregulated.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_law

"Objects launched into space are subject to their nation of belonging, including people."

The US will happily prosecute you for going to Thailand to sleep with underage prostitutes. They'd be happy to do the same here, especially as you're probably launching from and landing on their territory anyways.
Museum of Forgeries
Choosing a Cache
Still, yes and no.

My (simplicistic but simple) "get the money (and card, but without PIN) and run" approach is working 100% of cases (if you are a good pickpocketer).

Your "get the money and the card and then use a sophisticated computerized method" is - at most - working 40% of cases (and you need to be BOTH a good pickpocketer AND a computer expert OR have a computer expert as accomplice[1]).

If we imagine that 1/3 of people are like you say (with just 50 Euro), 1/3 is like I say (500 Euro) and 1/3 are mid-way (let's say 250 Euro), on average 12 "jobs" I have (let's exclude the 25 contactless, as they are the same in both cases:

4x50x100%=200

4x250x100%=1000

4x550x100%=2200

Total 3400

vs.

12x550x40%=2640

I am still ahead, if we have 1/2 at 50, 1/4 at 200 and 1/4 at 500:

6x50x100%=300

3x200x100%=600

3x550x100%=1650

Total 2550

we are roughly on par (I have no expenses for the computers, camera's etc.).

BTW, "my" method is old, proved, always worked and will always work, "your" is going to have a hit now that these scientists told everyone about the method, people will start using "finger movements concealing devices"[2].

[1] in this latter case you will also have another person to divide profits with

[2] the effectiveness of which might be the topic of a new article, besides the title of a new US patent application
Pure vaporware, I feel sorry for any investors who actually believes this is in anyway realistic. Then again anyone who invests in such vaporware should not be an investor.
I just had an old acquaintance on the Azure team try to get me to apply at Microsoft.

I told him I can’t, because all the teams at Microsoft I’d want to work (particularly Windows) are suffering from poor management with user- and human-hostile values. I can’t work at a company that goes out of its way to make the world worse for people through software.

I gave a long list of examples of user hostile work coming out of Windows, but suggested I thought maybe DevDiv was an exception. A lot of the bad things in the world of windows dev are a direct result of the DevDiv v Windows feud that’s been going on since SteveSi was leading.

Oops. I was wrong. It turns out apparently all of Microsoft is driven by leadership that wants to make the world a worse place for human beings. Ads, sneaky non-optional telemetry, ripping features out of OSS code, and then lying about all of the above are management choices driven by the top.

I remember when they used to try to recruit for user obsession. That was a long time ago. It’s a shame, because their business model, unlike some other companies, is not fundamentally dependent on screwing users. This is all a Choice in the most profound sense, and an unnecessary choice at that.
Post acquisition WhatsApp had to start making money.

For all the doom and gloom Facebook is still too scared of putting ads in there.
Give it a few years and they'll be running "plata o plomo"[1] ads targeting specific policy makers. On one side there will be an image of a suitcase full of money, and the other an image of a policy maker's child with a target on their head.

[1] "Plata o plomo" means "silver or lead" in Spanish. Pablo Escobar would bribe government officials and law enforcement by telling them that they could choose silver (money) or lead (a bullet).
I usually find the time stamp and commit message more useful than who made the change. They provide useful context, almost like a comment, and for example if I'm trying to locate a regression I can immediately see "did this line even change in the past week? no? that must not be it then" And move on
Indeed:

Iso 8859-1: 1985
Unicode: 1991
Utf-8: 1992

There is even IBM277 for an ebcdic version.
> Process is nearly everything in performance/watt.

Not really. Apple's A15 and A14 phone chips are on the same process node.

>Apple A15 performance cores are extremely impressive here – usually increases in performance always come with some sort of deficit in efficiency, or at least flat efficiency. Apple here instead has managed to reduce power whilst increasing performance, meaning energy efficiency is improved by 17%

The efficiency cores of the A15 have also seen massive gains, this time around with Apple mostly investing them back into performance, with the new cores showcasing +23-28% absolute performance improvements

https://www.anandtech.com/print/16983/the-apple-a15-soc-perf...
It's not completely negated, depending on the case.

The kitchen in the place I rent has this island (its more like a peninsula) that just barely makes the light switch for the kitchen out of reach, so instead we have to walk around the way around.

Obviously a manageable situation, but automating things has been a covid hobby. So I automated the lights, obviously, via replacing the light switch and added a motion sensor to the kitchen wall. There's also an echo dot for voice control.

Walk into the kitchen, lights turn on, eventually they go off. If they don't go on, just say "alexa turn on kitchen" and they go on, motion detector eventually picks up and turns them back off.

Use the light switch, and it disables the motion sensor for an hour and just leaves the lights on, or off, whichever direction was pressed.

Time saved for everyone not walking back and forth, also at night, has definitely been greater than time spent for me debugging.

YMMV
TBF, they've been making themselves look bad, SpaceX have just been keeping their heads down and ploughing on where they can, when not dealing with litigation.
Tourists make terrible spies. They attract too much attention; operating in an environment where everyone already thinks you're a spy is not what "hiding in plain sight" means.

Espionage is still very much alive. Physical presence maintains trust that can later be exploited (most of us would call it "grooming").
> Most of the company looked at me like I was crazy when I said we'd be fine loading our next-gen 2TB datasets directly into RAM with some trivial sharding.

FWIW, you can get 2TB of ram on a single node these days. No need to shard.
My favorite was the "Easy Reader" character-- a very young Morgan Freeman!
It's interesting especially since it sounds like the reason it doesn't reach "close to 3080" in many games is because it's CPU bound, specifically because it's emulating x86.

Once we get more benchmarks with non-rosetta apps the picture may be rosier? That said, it's not like Apple was every the company for gaming machines so perhaps that will just be the state of things.
One nice thing about software is that you can self-teach to a significant degree. But you probably need some basic aptitude and you need a huge amount of self-motivation. And, as you say, you probably want to structure your learning in a way that works for you.
Mach's internals didn't follow the Unix model, and was by almost any metric a failure.

There have been several other "real micro kernel based OS based on a message passing core", and they too, by almost any metric, have been a failure.

Process scheduling in Linux in 2021 is far, far ahead of anything in any other OS, ukernel or MP-based. The idea that there hasn't been progress in this area is really completely absurd. In fact, the general idea that Linux follows "the now 50 year old Unix architecture" is also pushing the boundaries quite a lot.
> replaced with ICAO transliterations

Here's the (a?) specification for the machine-readable part of the passport, with transliteration and so on:

https://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/9303_p3_cons_en....

(toyg, did you originally include this link in your comment, then edit it out?)

> passports are now incomplete as a form of ID

Passports are, and always have been, tools for travelling internationally. Depending on a passport for general identity is arguably as much of a mistake as using social security numbers for identification.
Is this mindset the reason why Google makes Android and Chrome worse and doesn't care about the users?
Politicians probably don't run on them because they aren't very controversial and don't excite their base. Nonetheless, there have been lots of changes to car safety laws in my lifetime.

These include regulations on drivers/passengers (seat belt laws, car seat laws, open container laws, reduced BAC limits, laws against using a phone while driving) and requirements on manufacturers (air bag requirements, eye-level 3rd brake light requirement, back-up camera requirement).

There are new regulations in the big infrastructure bill.
The flu regularly (like every few hundred years or so, I think) mutates into a strain that kills 10x as many as other strains. And our level of risk has basically always been... nothing. We don't do anything special for flu, at least not in general society.
In my case, I alone use my devices--nobody else uses my phone or computer, and no other devices are linked to my Google account. As to trending videos, I don't think I can fairly dismiss that conclusively, but all I can say is that it seems like a stretch and that an article about dishwasher efficiency stuck out like a sore thumb against my other news feed recommendations.
Here is a concrete example where this mentality really hurt Google in the cloud space: App Engine. App Engine was really Google's first foray (or one of the first) into the cloud space. When it was first released, the only persistent store available was the Datastore. The Datastore was/is a great piece of technology, but it was painfully clear that this tool was optimized for Google's use cases and came from the mindset that things need to be infinitely scalable/shardable, e.g. eventual consistency and the fact that you couldn't have indexes with inequalities in different directions, so doing a query that is trivial in a DB (e.g "dateCol > someMinVal AND dateCol < someMaxVal") was annoyingly difficult.

So the early days of App Engine were really cool, but it took some time before Google actually made a plain ol' database (their Cloud SQL tech) available. As someone looking in, and as someone who has talked to a lot of ex-Google employees, it was clearly a cultural shift for them to need to focus on standardized enterprise tools that so much of the industry is familiar with, rather than all the tons of custom shit Google has due to their scale.
I have always been surprised by how many students of lambda and equivalent graduate to immediately teach at these bootcamps. It just seems gross.
That notch on the new MacBook Pros
1963 here and same. Also Zoom from WGBH.
Interesting thought, I wonder if the same would be true for alcohol, nicotine, fatty foods, and sugary beverages.

This doesn't negate the parent thought, but I think speaks to the risk tolerance of society.
Why not?

L1 $I cache is already read-only / Harvard architecture. There's only two states here: size == unknown, and size == known. This is a simple size = 0 (default), and size=X (where X is the known size of the instruction) situation.

x86 architecture states that if you write to those instructions, you need to flush L1 cache (ex: JIT Java) before the state is updated. L1 instructions are non-cohesive, so it isn't very hard. Upon the flush, set sizes back to 0 and you're done.
Frankly it doesn't. That's just putting a correlation-is-causation lipstick on pig to counter another pig without lipstick.
I think the point is to poison the well. When people point out an issue with cars, it isn't because they're using evidence-based reasoning, it's because they're just a bunch of nasty car haters (and communists.)

Contrary to OP's assertions, I actually do enjoy cars, but I don't think they work well at all in the city. I think there are better solutions out there (Japan is a leading example.)
Discord displaced Slack in our organization and we're never looking back at Slack ever again.
This is probably a reach, but if you wanted to eradicate the homeless, you might accomplish that by mixing fentanyl into other drugs. There's a long-standing theory that crack was introduced to black communities by the CIA as a means to undermine activists such as the Black Panthers.
Yeah... a bunch of reasons. We definitely have a couple of FPGAs in the product (Bluespec FTW!), and we anticipate that we will have more over time -- but not for the RoT or SP, or at least not now. The reasons are different for each, but include:

1. ASICs are out of the question for us for a bunch of economic reasons

2. FPGAs by and large do not have a good security story

3. The ones that do (or rather, the one that does) has an entirely proprietary ecosystem and a terrible toolchain -- and seems to rely on security-through-obscurity

4. Once you are away from a softcore, the instruction set is frankly less material than the SoC -- and the RISC-V SoC space is still immature in lots of little ways relative to the Cortex space

5. Frankly, there's a lot to like about ST: good parts, good docs, good eval boards, pretty good availability (!), minimum of proprietary garbage.

We tried really hard (and indeed, I think my colleagues would say that I probably tried a little too hard) to get FPGAs to be viable, and then to get FPGAs + hardcores to be viable, and then multicore hardcores to be viable (one for the SP, one for the RoT). Ultimately, all of these paths proved to be not yet ready. And while we're big believers in FPGAs and RISC-V, we're even bigger believers in our need to ship a product! ;)
Ok, who's going to get one of these and stuff a raspberry pi inside?
> I consider getting all our eggs out of one basket to be the single highest strategic imperative for humanity.

Sounds like a good idea, but I don’t think we need to start considering how to execute on that until we’ve made a half-decent attempt to stop ruining our current basket. Maybe add that to the to-do list for the next millennium.
I haven't seen too many benchmarks yet, but Dave2D ran a "Cinebench R23" test in a both a single benchmark and thirty minute loop. [1] He saw that the score remained the same after the 30 minutes.

He also reported that the loudest fan noise he could get was 38dB, with typical loads under 30dB. [2]

-----

[1] - https://youtu.be/IhqCC70ZfDM?t=360

[2] - https://youtu.be/IhqCC70ZfDM?t=438
The main costumer would be NASA. This would essentially replace the ISS. Different companies are competing for a contract.
I get what you are saying, but I have no way to know whether or not it's valid to any degree. Maybe the "constructive" part of what I am trying to say is that we either need better education on the fundamentals here, better examples, better explanations, or should just admit that it's far beyond the layman.

For example, I get entanglement. I can get answers to questions like "Is FTL comm possible? No." or "What is a practical application for entanglement? Quantum radar - sorting your initial emission from jamming." etc.

This though? Just too abstract (for me).
Whenever there's trouble, we're there on the double. We're the Bloodhound Gang!