skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
You might think so, but the lease purchase isn't exactly competitive. I did some poking around and, anecdotally, the lowest lease I could find was $11-$27/acre last year in California (https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-drilling-california/u-s-...). The highest was $15,000/acre (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-drilling/drille...) (Last year was a bad one for petroleum capitol expenses.)

Overall, the BLM had 26,600,000 acres under lease in 2020 (down from 47M in 2008) (https://www.blm.gov/programs-energy-and-minerals-oil-and-gas...) and received an average of $444,000,000 ("Total Receipts: The total amount of money generated from the Competitive Oil and Gas Lease Sale. This includes rents, bonuses, and administrative fees.") per year over the last 4 years or about $17/acre. (https://www.blm.gov/programs/energy-and-minerals/oil-and-gas)

BLM royalties, well, it's a confusing article. (https://www.blm.gov/programs/energy-and-minerals/oil-and-gas...) Being generous, the BLM received $4B in 2018 on roughly the same 26M acres; that is $153/acre.

For comparison, the Nature Conservancy received about $1B in 2019 (https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/who-we-are/accountabil...).

According to the paper you link to, the value of the petroleum was $269B (total value) and state/local tax revenues and the states' share of federal leases were about $28B (~10% tax rate; not bad).[1] Unfortunately it doesn't have the acreage that produced it. Being really, incredibly conservative and assuming the only land involved is BLM's 26M acres, that's $1077/acre.

[1] According to the BLM, states receive half of its revenue; according to that paper, that amounted to $1.5B in 2013 which seems pretty reasonable according to the BLM numbers above.
Autonomous Testing of Services at Scale
Please stop posting flamewar comments to HN. Personal attacks especially.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
Are you aware of the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem?
… diacritic symbols such as acute accent for high tone and grave
accent for low tone …

All too often, tone orthographies are established by fiat and
defended by anecdote. Whether or not tone is marked, the most
frequently cited justifications offered by the designers are either
linguistic analysis, or socio-political factors, or an
impressionistic evaluation that ‘we tried it and it seemed to work
fine’. This article presents objective evidence that an existing
tone orthography for an African tone language actually hinders
fluent reading and writing.

http://cogprints.org/2173/3/lgsp42.pdf ( also http://cogprints.org/1446/5/identity.pdf )
I’m born in the early 1980ies. I could been an f-ing genius, well actually I was lucky enough to grow up far outside any city. One has to wonder if that has made any difference.
If the result is the ultimate bankruptcy of moderna or their exit from that aspect of their business, what happens the next time we have a pandemic and the drug companies with the ability to develop a vaccine are reluctant to do so because their entire tech stack will be given away for free if they succeed?

You slow down and introduce uncertainty at the very point (the start of a pandemic) when you least want to do so.
Who, the shooter or the person shooting back?

I don't expect a shooter to be rational, but I do expect them to self preserve when being shot at. That's not rational, that's instinct. Police have repeatedly said ever since Columbine that it is most important to engage a shooter as soon as possible for this exact reason.
That might be a lemon XPS 17. With a higher scoring XPS 17, the benchmark is much closer:

https://browser.geekbench.com/v5/cpu/compare/10481116?baseli...
An promising approach to solving these problems comes from Health Impact Fund which aims to "Delink the price of drugs from the cost of research."

https://healthimpactfund.org/en/
As far as being in public is concerned, it's actually legal in a majority of states (with some curious outliers where it's illegal: Florida, Nevada, Massachusetts...).
More like a virtual machine. The javascript virtual machine.
Sure, but having used a lot of the windows system apis (admittedly - a lot of years ago) it was a complete hodgepodge of which api would take a char vs a wchar, and then they tried to hide the whole thing behind tchar, which just made it even harder to keep track of.

Basically - I agree: This shouldn't be a problem, and 7 months is a long time to wait for a basic fix. But there are a lot of footguns hanging around in windows code with respect to character encodings.

Just looking at the first result on google for "c++ get windows home directory" shows this: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/userenv/n...

Which takes a long pointer to tchar string (LPTSTR) - so this behavior is dependent on the unicode settings of the project at compile time, even today.
California's education system is also below average, so evidence that their children are also reduced in IQ as a result would be pretty unflattering.
Yes, quite common on Fortune 500.
> Why is Mozilla Foundation doing political activism?

At least partly because people like me pay them to. I like the work the Moz foundation does and I'm happy to contribute to it with donations.
> Fortnite is a game with an incredibly high skill ceiling around its building mechanic. I watched Jonathan ‘Fatal1ty’ Wendell (who is currently a 40-year-old and one of the earliest professional gamers) struggle in deep concentration on trying to incrementally improve his building speed and technique.

When I think of the slogan "Fortnite is for kids" it rings true precisely for this reason. In my "old age" I simply can't keep up with the input rate/reaction time of high-level players.
From the USPTO's Manual of Patent Examination Procedure: (quoting the patent statute): "The specification. . . shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor of carrying out his invention."

And the Manual's explanation: "The best mode requirement is a safeguard against the desire on the part of some people to obtain patent protection without making a full disclosure as required by the statute. The requirement does not permit inventors to disclose only what they know to be their second-best embodiment, while retaining the best for themselves."

https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s2165.html
Governments were willing to drop billions on this. Is that really not enough? How much would they need as a one time payment to be worth it?
so if I understand correctly because of Water Cycle, we get rain that contain lead.

But unless I eat dirt from the side of the road or drink rain water I should be fine ?
> There is no such thing as an international patent.

Sure there are:

- ARIPO patents can protect in Botswana, Eswatini, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, the Sudan, the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

- GCC patents can protect in United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait and Bahrain.

- Eurasian patents can protect in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.

- EPO patents can protect in too many countries to list.

- Hague design patents can protect in too many countries to list.

The point that patents are regional is definitely true, and country specific patents tend not to provide protections in other countries. but I figured I'd mention that there are many multi-country regions which are certainly international patents. :)

I should also point out that while a 'US patent' might not provide international protection, most people looking for international protections will probably be using the PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) or other mechanisms for multi-country filings, with is another mechanism through which you can make one international application to most countries.

For some basics of how the PCT works, see:

https://www.wipo.int/pct/en/faqs/faqs.html
> Visiting a prostitute is way easier than dating, how many people visit prostitutes?

Ignoring the fact that a partner meets needs beyond sex, I think you're probably underestimating how many people actually pay for sex work. People just tend to not talk about that, because it's both illegal and heavily stigmatized.

> Taking away a candy from a child is really easy, how many people actually do it?

This implies that people treat children nicely because they're not a threat, which is a worrying implication. Personally, I think that people don't steal candy from children because they don't want to hurt children, especially over something as trivial as candy.

> Rich individuals aren't seen as a threat, because they can be easily overpowered with violence

Uhhh, what? Rich people are capable of bringing a huge amount of violence to bear, both in terms of their ability to hire armed citizens to protect them, and their ability to marshal the power of the state directly or indirectly.

I'd highly recommend you read some history about labor organization in the United States. The armed representatives of rich men machine gunning down striking workers is a pretty common occurrence. Rich industrialists also made it de-facto illegal to be a socialist in the United States for most of the 20th century.

And that's direct violence. We can also talk about the ability of the rich to starve people via blacklisting and the undermining of social safety nets.

> What people see as threats are people who have a following such as politicians, thought leaders or technoutopian cult figures who also happen to be rich.

<Insert "They're the same picture" meme here>

Less glib, I think a lot of people see these as part of the same system. Rich people pretty quickly become politically entrenched or weird cult leaders, and the thought leaders are largely subsidized by the rich people that they write on the behalf of.
I think there is a big variance in XPS 17 scores. For reference, here is a top scoring XPS 17. In this case, scores are much closer.

https://browser.geekbench.com/v5/cpu/compare/10481116?baseli...
Pretty underwhelming from a pure performance standpoint after all the hype from the launch.

https://browser.geekbench.com/v5/cpu/singlecore
Obviously this is highly culturally variable - in the UK I wouldn't say it has much of a 'socially acceptable' starting point, it's certainly a marker of social class.

Of course, it might help that we don't have that many days a year when anyone would want to.

(Beach or swimming pool is another matter - I can't echo your experience there, but it is quite a while since I've been to either, so can't really comment I suppose. Above I mean 'in public' in general, shopping or walking down the street etc.)
LPT: press . on any github repository when logged in and it will open that repository in vscode.dev with everything set up

Similar to github codespaces without a real computer to back it up
I'd love to hear from an Engineer whose task is to do this. I can't imagine how depressing that job is.
Then why did Moderna require a billion dollars of government money?
I imagine it means that the compiler could turn an if(x<6)-else into two free standing if statement like if(x<6), if(x>=6). Which will logically work under these assumptions.
Pokeman GO was an earlier killer AR app. Made Niantic a boatload.
I’m upgrading from an M1 Air (16GB) to a 14” Pro base model just for the display. Extra M1 pro performance is bonus but the M1 has already been amazing for development work past year.
What's the claim here? That someone at YouTube is artificially altering dislike counts on White House videos? It's hard to tell from the headline link or from the blog post that supposedly inspired it (in the About section).
> It means anyone can sue for breach of contract if they are a beneficiary in some way, even if they aren't one of the parties of the contract. If you make a deal with the government to provide free school meals and then they underpay you so you stop providing the meals, now every parent can sue you. Doesn't sound quite right.

If you stop providing the meals due to the government's breach of contract, it seems pretty obvious to me that the court would either dismiss the case (possibly with prejudice) and direct the plaintiff to sue the appropriate party, or that the case would be suspended until you and/or the government are done suing each other pending the outcome(s) of the other case(s).
Methodology details how and why:

https://81m.org/about/
Yes but you'd only buy out the Covid-19 IP, not the whole company. And $100B is a small part of what we've spent fighting this pandemic.
Baldurs Gates 3, Metro Last Light, Total War…
I wonder what Asahi Linux devs can show us.
Biden /Harris videos got down-voted badly.
I think a lot of the perceivable speedup in M1 Macs is less to do with these benchmarks and more to do with optimizing the OS and Apple software for the M1 and the various accelerators on the SoC (video encoding and ML).
They'll try but with his preferred shares he'll be like a leech that they'll never be rid of.
> Except they can't, since there is no approved alternative.

There's an increasing number of diesel engines for GA aircraft, and supplemental type certificates to retrofit them into the same. If 100LL got more expensive, you'd see more people opting for the diesels when an engine reaches the end of its life.

e.g. http://www.continentaldiesel.com/typo3/fileadmin/_centurion/...

Yes, it'd be really cool to end up with a lower-lead fuel that's safely combined with 100LL. That's been "imminent" for the last 25 years.

The poster above advocates for a "rip off the band-aid" approach. GA advocates for a gradual, painless transition that, in practice, will never happen. Surely there's some middle ground?
> It's an enabling patent, best-mode, etc.

It'd be interesting to dig into the inventor's and patent attorney's files on that score.
Comparing the M1 to a 1080ti is ridiculous. The 1080ti draws 250+ watts. The M1 draws 10w in the MacBook Air.

In the current market you can buy a MacBook Air (an entire laptop computer) for less than buying just a midrange GPU.
Ask HN: How does one start a web app nowadays? (2021)
Hello HN, I am a professional software engineer, but coding stopped being my full-time job in 2015. Now I am quite unsure what is the best way to start a web app today. I need to create a mostly CRUD-only app: an E-commerce website with an admin interface. It is important to have the code, since some custom features are required + owning IP matters for me.

Stack-wise, I like React and relational databases.

I suppose there are at least two possible solutions: 1) templates, like themeforest, 2) starter kits, like create-react-app.

Is there anything else? How would one start a web app today?

Thanks
Not particularly defending the M1, but it might be that much of what you're using so far isn't available native and is going through Rosetta2? The other issues could be OS issues, but maybe it would be worth doing a RAM test?
"Faceverse"
Disclaimer, I don't have an M1 Mac, but I do have a buggy ubuntu desktop and used Macs my whole technical life.

It seems that you're heavily in the minority with this. Even the weird bugs you mention are very unexpected. I've used a Mac for 15 years and never heard of an issue related to thumb drives. You may just have a lemon. See if you can just replace it (warranty, etc, not just spending more money).
Archaeologists Chris Downum and Leszek Pawlowicz on how they use deep learning
Startup Studios
Why would this be? Citizens and residents get the same pay and benefits. If anything, employing a noncitizen is more work because you have to manage the whole immigration process.

What's in it for the company?
Someone has pointed meta.com to meta.org
If you read more of the authors' posts, she's some sort of mildly numerate election truther that thinks there's a wide ranging conspiracy to favor Joe Biden including changing election results in Georgia and altering the dislikes (but not the likes?) on Youtube videos.. also seems to believe that random observations about temperature and snowfall disprove global warming and she has the pseudocode to prove it.
Oops, replaced "international" with "worldwide".
> At the scale Facebook operates at and the number of employees they hire it makes a huge material advantage for them to hire cheaper foreigners for the same task. It is rational behavior. Foreigners are always cheaper for the same task at hand.

In this case though the foreign workers are getting green cards that make it much easier for them to work somewhere else.

> The only way to eliminate foreigners undercutting American salaries is to eliminate the foreign labor supply competition.

Isn't this the 'lump of labor' fallacy? Immigration also creates demand in the countries immigrants move to. The evidence seems to be fairly clear that it doesn't depress wages on average: https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/why-immigration-doesnt-red...

> STEM jobs are the ones foreigners can compete in and depress the salaries of Americans in SV. The jobs that are not at as much risk are the ones that require command of the culture and language and the lay of the land like enterprise sales and marketing functions.

Yet it's these same SV engineering jobs that have seen enormous wage increases over the past decade.

I do think there is potential for restrictive immigration schemes to depress wages by making it hard for people on those schemes to change jobs. That was certainly my experience on a cap-exempt academic H1B where I was ineligible to transfer to a commercial employer as cap-subject H1B employees are allowed to do.

The solution to that is to make sure such immigrants get green cards relatively quickly so they can't be exploited by employers.
China has a long history of non-interventionism, but the Communist Party does not. Now that the CCP controls China, I don’t expect China’s track record in that regard to continue. The only reason it hasn’t happened yet is b/c China wasn’t powerful enough, but that’s clearly changing.
> Moderna has reiterated on several occasions that they will not enforce their intellectual property during the pandemic," says Friede. In other words, a manufacturer probably won't face a lawsuit for producing a vaccine that's virtually identical to Moderna's.

> Also, says Friede, compared to Pfizer's vaccine, there just happens to be a lot more information in the public domain about how Moderna's vaccine is made.

You want to know how to guarantee companies won’t be so generous in the future? What’s the benefit of being fairly open if it literally just means you will lose out compared to your competitors?
That’s absolutely false. Many people do experience discomfort when they are new to VR, but with time most people adjust, and are able to play for any amount of time with no negative side effects.
I initially thought this was some kind of april fools joke but no, they're just that desperate.
I don't know why it would be surprising. Youtube does it all the time. I've see it happen on videos about movies, pop culture, and more - not just politics.
Cloud and local servers.

I use B2 for cloud, and two NAS boxes on my network. I used to use OneDricd thanks to a legacy plan that was generous, but that appears to have stopped working for unknown reasons.

All data is encrypted with a paraphrase I supply, so short of some spectacular amount of brute force I consider it safe.
Thanks for the insight, Steve! I'm glad the team thinks about these issues.
"YouTube regularly removes any spam likes or dislikes from your videos. It may take up to 48 hours for the numbers to be updated. Find more info about Likes and dislikes report here: https://goo.gl/eA6f1i
"

https://mobile.twitter.com/TeamYouTube/status/10800251185025...
I read the TBP trilogy a few years back, and I can't stop thinking about The Dark Forest. That's one of the marks of a great book, IMO. I can't get it out of my head.
Easy, it is likely docker that is making your Mac mini slower than your old linux box?

Docker on macOS is painfully slow, because it is implemented on macOS through what amounts to a sledgehammer to the problem. Docker depends on linux kernel features so on macOS it just starts a linux virtual machine and does other high overhead compatibility tricks to get it to work. Volumes are the biggest culprit.

If you are running docker through rosetta... (don't know the state of docker on apple silicon) then that is a double whammy of compatibility layers.

Regarding bugs, yeah probably teething issues because the M1 was/is such a large departure from the norm. They should really get those things fixed pronto.
SystemVerilog and UVM are perfectly capable of being used to verify VHDL designs.

I should also add that if you wanted to use a single language for everything OSVVM is excellent.
No way it can get anywhere near 3080
Support the Startup Grind Kabul Team
Did you make this, so good can I add it to the website or link over to it? I am being careful with ROMs as people have been in a bit of trouble for adding them onto their website
The M1 Pro/Max are effectively H-class chips so you can search for 11800H, 11950H, 5800H, 5900HX, etc.
I agree, but I got pretty far towards this when I got fzf's ctrl+r replacement to search history quite nicely.

Before I used to also have a per folder history file, so I could pull up the last thing I did there. That also helped a lot, especially when switching between different personal projects and forgetting how it all works.
In every manufacturing process there are always chips that perform better than others. They all reach the "bin" that they're designed for, but the actual design is for higher than that, so that even imperfect chips can perform at the required level.

The corollary of that is that there are some chips that perform better than the design parameters would have you expect, they're easier to overclock and get higher speeds from. These are the "golden" chips.

Having said that, it's not clear to me that the M1* will do that, I don't know if Apple self-tune the chips on boot to extract the best performance, or they just slap in a standard clock-rate and anything that can meet it, does. I'd expect the latter, tbh. It's a lot easier, and it means there's less variation between devices which has lots of knock-on benefits to QA and the company in general, even if it means users can't overclock.
Royalty payments aren't really huge. Tax revenues are, but note that the environmental leaves the petroleum in the ground, where it can be recovered later.

Those huge benefits come with huge externalized expenses, too.
The very act of providing the product to the market place is a sufficient disclosure of "how to make the thing at all" for anyone with a modest level of skill in this field. Moreover, there are plenty of detailed descriptions in Moderna's patent filings and other publicly available sources on how to make the thing at all. The issue is very much one of scale and I would wager that Moderna doesn't quite have the expertise either to reproduce their manufacturing pipeline at will. I have have personally witnessed a massive project failure in moving a therapeutic molecule from one manufacturing site to another, presumed identically equipped, manufacturing site. These things are not easy. It may be that this South African startup actually cannot use much of the information Moderna has on how to manufacture at scale because it only reproduces in Moderna's hands at Moderna's sites. This would be the expected outcome really.
why do we need Phd and MD "inside" the government ?
Instead the government can just ask normal PHd and MD working for the private sector or for university for their opinion.

I 100% understand why people dont trust an MD which is affiliated with a specific Political Party.
If you want expert to be neutral (no political) they can't be part of the government.
Keep in mind, without the full details we don't know what the case was.

It's entirely possible he was fit for discharge and had a totally unrelated stroke. But I would agree the facts as presented don't look great.