skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Well, it kind of depends on what you define as teh first steam engines. Are you including like novelty stuff used for entertainment like magic shows and fountains? Or are we starting with the first steam engine used to do real mechanical work? The Newcomen engine came out in around 1712, but it's initial purpose as a water pump for mines wasn't really in direct competition to horse powered pumps. While they could be used to generate power for factories, that was an uncommon use case because they gradually lost power output over time.

The Watt design is when we finally saw steam engines replace animal power in the late 1770s. So not quite 100 years.

But yes, ICE development benefited from all the problems solved by steam power generation. I believe the ability to machine pistons to an accuracy of 0.1" wasn't developed until around 1750. Prior to that, people just hammered iron roundish and called it a day. Good enough for large steam engines, but not too valuable with an ICE.
Stop posting comments on HN and Reddit, become a paid writer instead

If only somebody would pay me for the stuff I write here...
I said what I said due to experience, which I probably should have clarified. I, too, have almost no internet presence under my real name. It has come up in interviews. I didn't say it prevented me from obtaining employment, but it came up is all. In this day and age, it is an outlier to have no social media/internet presence, even though I'm sure "plenty" do (which is small relative compared to the working tech population at-large).
> None of that is high-tech equipment

Of course! No one wants high-tech equipment in aviation.

> the software required to turn those sensor inputs in to useful displays particularly complicated

Relative to what though? This software has to always work. 100% of the time. If it ever goes wrong you might die. Software developers who are used to shipping normal code aren't used to the testing and rigor required in the aircraft industry.

> I don't see any obvious reason a group of motivated electronics hobbyists couldn't build a proof-of-concept that performs all the same core functions over a long weekend with a few hundred bucks worth of off the shelf parts and access to the relevant details of the ARINC 429 standard.

For sure. And hobbyists can also make experimental engines and aircraft. There's a whole category for those. But most people would not trust their lives to them. I wouldn't. There are too many edge cases, too many one out of a billion coincidences that will kill you in aviation.

Also, remember that they're not going to sell a lot of these E5s. These aren't phones. The entire GA fleet in the US is 200k aircraft. So they're going sell what, 20k of these over a decade worldwide? The low volume and the fact that you need to recoup your costs in a year or two at most, means that prices need to be very high.
Interestingly, the ship itself doesn't appear on any of the "vessel finder" type websites that I can locate, but if you zoom on the same region on vesselfinder.com, there is a green dashed line box in the same region you've linked here - wonder if that's a naval no-go zone or something? Don't see a legend for it.
You can either cull billions of people or transition to clean energy, and yeah, people are rightly fixated on the latter.

> Nuclear fission once pulled off will make things much much worse.

What a foolish thing to say.
> why do almost all the corrections follow a pattern of shifting blame from the individual pedestrian onto the individual driver?

Because the overwhelming majority of multi-party crashes involve one party violating the norms of how whatever traffic type they are is expected by the rest of the traffic to behave and shaming people is, for better or worse, an effective means of motivating specific behavior.
No, I get that, and I explicitly reject it as "part of the country's DNA". Talk and assumptions like that merely perpetuate the status quo.
Seconded, the same advice has also been given to me back in India.

"Know where your boundaries are and who your stakeholders are, don't do anything that will make your stakeholders look bad." It's a life advice given to me by my high school teacher that served me well in my professional life.
What if we agreed that Nuclear energy could be considered green only if it isn't a design that provides dual use enriching fuel for nuclear weapons? Creating nuclear weapons seems incompatible with preserving the environment.

It seems that the nuclear reactor choices have historically been geared towards the dual purposes of
1) Producing power AND
2) Enriching fuel for the most environmentally destructive weapons ever invented. If we were to decouple those two things we'd probably unlock some interesting designs that have fewer problems with long-lived waste and provide a part of our green energy future.
The the cousin of the brother in law of some minor prince has to get his piece of the pie.

If you’re ever in New York, check out the Tweed courthouse, which was built in the 1880s. The total cost was $10.5B 2020 dollars.
That is completely false.

The numbers may vary, but any credible source you are going to find will show that the vast majority of soy is grown for animal feed.

https://ourworldindata.org/soy
Provisioned concurreny does decrease cold starts.

Reserved concurrency both guarantees a portion of your concurrency limit be allocated to a lambda as well as capping concurrency of that lambda to that portion. Reserved concurrency has no cost associated.

Provisioned concurrency keeps a certain number of execution environments warm for your use. Provisioned concurrency costs money.
And Macromedia acquired it from FutureWave: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash#FutureWave
Can relate. Flash literally changed my life. I wouldn't have been the person I am without it. And my career path would've definitely been very different. I wouldn't have known most of my friends without those VKontakte Flash apps, because the connections to most of the people I know right now can be traced back to someone from that Flash app developer community.

I'm somewhat hopeful that Ruffle will somehow drive its resurgence. Older versions of Flash (the authoring software) aren't that hard to find, and maybe in due time someone would even build an open-source reimplementation of that, too. The SWF format itself definitely won't ever be dead by any means.
> All the rules and regulations were created because someone was bad enough for people to agree on a rule to prevent something from happening again.

No, not how things happened at all.

> bitcoin is a big step backwards from payment systems we currently have.

Please share with the class the open PKI digital ledger that anyone can use with no permission "we" currently have.
My interpretation is the the life in the US has been so good that Americans could never imagine what it was like living in 1950's Cuba, 1960's China, 1970's Cambodia, and North Korea. Do people really think that people in those countries were evil or were crazy? The truth is, the people there started with good intentions. They wanted to have equity. They were pained by all kinds of oppression. They genuinely believed that "anti-revolutionary" people or "anti-progressive" people can be educated. Then, it started with your neighbor reporting your indecent behavior to the authority, or your neighborhood organized to educate you. Then it went on, and elementary school students beat their school principals to death. Your neighborhood looted your family for the cause. You lost your right to go to university or get a job because your great grandpa owned properties. Ironically, no one in such nation ended up living well, except the top few. That road to hell is paved with good intension is really not a cliche.
Obviously there's no such thing as 100% pure decentralization. I don't even know what that would look like.

So it's not really worth the time trying to classify systems based on some theoretical purity rating. It doesn't gain us anything.
What specifically are folks here reading up on regarding Ethereum?

I'm looking for interesting takes, generally growing exhausted from the various eth subreddits, cryptocurrency and bitcoin that are commentary on pricing. Sites like cointelgraph are also just barren of anything interesting. It seems like such an exciting time for cryptocurrency but not seeing the level of rigorous thinking I want.

Yeah this article is complete trash. No comment.
For coal in the USA the stated cost for MWh in 2010 was $41. The external cost was $58.

This does not include for implicit and explicit subsidies. Including those would make the external costs higher.

The numbers change by country, time, energy source, and etc. so asking for a quotation is a bit of a fishing expedition. See Tables 1 and 2 at:
https://www.climateadvisers.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/2...

If you have the spare time to read 507 pages of support, please see: https://www.nap.edu/download/12794
Thanks for the article. OCaml has long been on my short list of languages to learn, and continuations are an hobby of mine. I'll have to dig into this deeper.

If someone has experience with algebraic effects, I have a question to ask. Why are they needed at all as a type system extension and why can't they just be represented with function types? (excuse my Haskell pseudocode, I'm just a filthy C++ programmer abusing the notation I don't really know the language, also don't assume lazy semantics):

newtype Effect a = Effect (a -> Effect a)
newtype EffectHandler a = EffectHandler (() -> (a, EffectHandler a))

A function with an effect would have an explicit Effect parameter, while an effect handler would take an EffectHandler as a parameter (and return it as well). You could also add phantom types if you really need to distinguish different effects beyond 'a.

The only magic would be in the function that creates the continuation:

typed_callcc1 :: (Effect a -> Effect a) -> EffectHandler a

Of course you could generalize Effect and EffectHandler into a bidirectional typed continuation:

newtype Cont a b = Cont (a -> (b, Cont a b))

I don't pretend to fully understand algebraic effects but from what I see they are pretty much equivalent, except that there is no explicit effect parameter, just the type (so the continuation is not exactly first class and it is logically passed implicitly). For similar reasons, I think you can't hide them in a closure. What is the gain? What am I missing?
These hashes, regardless of their actual cryptographic strength, are intended to be indistinguishable from a random generator keyed with the input, kind of. Assuming that they succeed in that, hashes should be quite well distributed. That means that that for each hash n-bit hash output, there will be about two (n+1)-bit input strings that produce that hash, about four (n+2)-bit input strings, eight (n+3)-bit input strings, etc. So while there are probably few ASCII input strings that map to one particular hash, for example, there will be loads and loads of arbitrary bitstrings that map to that hash.

Hashes are very bad compressors. :)
"Maybe<Foo>" doesn't have the same problem as Java nulls though, because with an optional type the type system would force you to always handle the possibility of the value not being present. With Java nulls you just get a runtime error if you try to do certain things with something that turns out to be null.

Incidentally, Java does have Optional, and codebases which use it consistently are vastly better to work with. https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Optional...
>It was a lot more fun than dealing with the "tough customers" that would want you to log into their production server and make changes.

Oof, yeah. My idea of "tough customers" is kind of the opposite though - clients who want you to do something super specific but you don't have any access to peek in on the real server and figure out what's going on, so you have to make them this elaborate guide but can't experiment on the real thing so it's hard to give exact instructions
A capacity factor of over 90% is exceptionally good. Wind and solar are 35% and 25% respectively [1]. And this down time for refuelling and other tasks is scheduled in advance. This not at all comparable to solar and wind's uncontrollable intermittency. A nuclear grid requires vastly less overproduction than a renewable grid. As you point out, renewable sources end up falling back on fossil fuels to pick up the slack. That's not an option if our goal is zero emissions.

1. https://www.statista.com/statistics/183680/us-average-capaci...
Oops! Yep, looks like I mis-entered the URL and can't seem to edit. =/
Natural data is easily identifiable.
That’s a good point. Facebook can go away, but Facebook only exists because we want it. Or do we want it because it exists. It probably is a negative feedback loop.

Regulating might help, but we’re not going to regulate don’t get in polarizing stupid internet arguments, so the root cause wouldn’t even be fixed by that. Regulating might even make things worse, because regulations, while often made with good intentions, do not guarantee good outcomes (as Thomas Sowell has repeated often), and then there are a huge amount of regulations that essentially close off competitors from entering into the market.
> separate 2FA device

FYI in New Zealand a few banks can provide a device (e.g. RSA SecurID) for proper non-bank 2 factor auth with consumer accounts. However some major banks only use phones for 2FA (app or SMS).

The norms seem to vary considerably depending on country.
Great context, thanks
> Trust in governments is at an all-time low;

Isn't it the opposite? The progressives are in power, and they believe every problem has a government solution.
But it doesn’t pay for itself is the problem - and I’m pointing out that the prior poster was pointing to a fundamental reason why that is not likely to change if the input fuel is cheap.

If the input is expensive, then the economics change and it’s more worthwhile to pay more in equipment to get more out of the input.

I bet someone has a really detailed set of calculations that would tell you exactly when that line is crossed. But I doubt they are hanging out here.
You'd be surprised. Content farms are always hungry, and people just feed them crap because the pay is low. But zero is the lowest pay of all, so why not pour your heart and thoughts and citations into some $5 essay for a content farm instead? Tech is the most indemand, and these days there is a market for any niche
Monad:
In functional programming, a monad is an abstraction that allows structuring programs generically. Supporting languages may use monads to abstract away boilerplate code needed by the program logic.

Promise:
A Promise is an object representing the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation. Essentially, a promise is a returned object to which you attach callbacks, instead of passing callbacks into a function.
Oh, I'm sure that's the case. That, and they know I love the product and would (usually) be willing to put up with lower pay to keep working on it. But, losing assets in the divorce, I'm going to need to take more risk to get back on my feet. Only have a few decades to retirement, and need to rebuild that nest egg. So my priorities are changing, and I'm less willing to put up with people that don't appreciate me.
> reducing them only affects the slowest quartile or so of drivers

And having to navigate traffic that is not of a homogeneous speed creates cognitive load for all drivers. So then they don't notice things like cyclists and pedestrians.
You are almost certainly wrong. I've seen canvas used on many pages for rendering documents. Some frameworks render a majority of the UI in a canvas. Games are often in a canvas.

Fingerprinting and tracking done using many features. Canvas is one but not the only. Blocking canvas probably makes it easier to fingerprint you.
Perhaps the cost to be concerned with is not fiat currency but more literal.

The up front costs could wipe out the routine costs and maybe we could also dispose of the “ make money selling blades not handles” monopoly fossil fuel monopolies rely on for political relevance.

Infinitely big little numbers let economists iterate forever in whatever direction they want. Physical reality has constraints their academic models omit.

We need to redefine the perimeter not iterate within the area of a well known boundary. Who cares how much it costs aristocrats in profits if the result ends up what is believed possible? I don’t have to believe any given solution or CEO is owed a market.
It's a mistake to think that the exciting thing about bitcoin is as a new kind of payment system for consumers.

Instead, it's a rock solid foundation for a new global financial/monetary system in which every nation state, organization, and individual can participate without the permission of any privileged group.

It's a neutral, digital money, like gold was a neutral, physical money.

I fully expect that if it becomes a new money standard, we will in fact see higher layer payment networks (like Visa, Paypal, etc) that provide consumer protection services (for a fat fee) on top of the bitcoin network. Those people who don't want the responsibility of self custodying their money in a way that can't be recovered if they are robbed, can choose to bank with these services.
> In Europe, they made the decision to ban fracking, and also eliminate nuclear energy

Well the difference being fracking for natural gas is an environmental disaster that will leave untold problems for the future to clean up, and nuclear energy is one of the cleanest forms of energy we have.
People have different perception of "regulations" as a concept (as opposed to myriad different good, bad & ugly implementations).

To some, "regulation" is a bad, 4-letter word. It's somebody else, some strange entity, infringing upon my freedoms. "Let us make our own decisions and use our own judgment and experience, and this will work better!".

The naive view of "regulation" as a concept, to which I subscribe, is collective memory. Something bad happened, and we said "Well let's not do THAT again". Hence regulation against pyramid schemes in many countries; sure you can say "let me make my own mistakes", but that's basically what happened: pyramid schemes were allowed, we made a mistake, and said "well that sucks". A lot of financial rules, that may be inconvenient, go back to edge cases and bad actors and real-life scenarios.

NOW... bureaucracy absolutely has a life of its own, and there are a lot of bad regulations, but the way I see it, from a high enough perspective, any fresh, naive system (whatever technology underlies it) will either:

a) Actually and seriously not have any regulations ever, which means we'll all keep repeating same mistakes and have issue with same edge cases / bad actors forever; it'll be a wild wild west and some people will have high risk appetites and some won't.

or

b) will eventually have regulations making it same as old system but with different technology.
This sounds clever.

Can anyone knowledgeable chime in, please? I'd love to see more nuclear power.
Signal is specifically designed to work without Google Play Services, so expect a 1:1 experience when using it with these privacy conscious distros.

I'm confident Whatsapp will work, but I have not tried. Push notifications will not work without Google Play Services.
Why didn't the Firebase minInstances work for you? I found amazing performance benefits, but at a $ cost. I actually forgot[1] a function to set a minInstance and a user complained that this particular functionality was slow (compare to the rest of the site). However, it isn't cheap.

You also want to be sure your code is optimized[2]. For example, don't require module packages unless the function needs it, else you're loading unnecessary packages. I usually set a global variable `let fetch;` and in the function that requires fetch initialize it `fetch = fetch ?? require("node-fetch);`.

[1] https://www.ayrshare.com/a-firebase-cloud-functions-cold-sta...
[2] https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/tips
The basic premise is true. Ethereum nodes do not provide even basic search/querying features out of the box so you have to rely on centralized services to index the blockchain data for querying. So if you want to build anything useful which integrates with Ethereum in any way, you need to trust a centralized service provider to accurately report the data... I was shocked when I tried to integrate with Ethereum for the first time. It almost seems as though they have made it difficult to integrate with on purpose.

It's been over a decade. Couldn't they have written some kind of open source service which exposes the Ethereum node's data via a simple REST HTTP API? This would not be a difficult project to implement.
You believing or agreeing that climate change is an existential risk to humanity makes no difference to the evidence we have. If we don’t act, a lot of people will die, our supply chains will be severely disrupted (do you think the current chip shortage is serious?) and that could cause a partial collapse of our civilisation.
Developer Advocacy At Kohl’s
I'd love to hear even one anecdote of 'kid believes bikers are unfairly blamed for accidents' -> 'kid decides never to exercise again in any form'
Purely theoretical question, would a tactical nuke (e.g. W80 at 150kt) obliterate the ship thoroughly and quickly enough to avoid spreading the oil around?
which is the first thing I checked. which is why I also specifically stated it does this with spam filters and text blocking off. it's in two places: there's an option in you call plan (which is not in mine) and there's a toggle in the portal. You have to have both the service plan option, and the toggle on. I have neither.

The thing is, this was an issue with both sprint and tmobile (before the merger). if you google for it, you'll see people on att and verizon are having this issue as well.

I think the op was correct - they're purposely making it hostile for users of the free tier. which is hilarious, because they do show you ads on the webmail client. you'd figure they'd want people using their email..

which i do. for spam, with the bonus that I don't have to deactivate the account - they kill it for me after i can't validate in a month. it's finally a feature.
Consent is paramount when doing that type of exploration. Without explicit permission, how would an IT administrator distinguish the difference between a curious student and a malicious attacker?
It also makes it easy for charlatans to take the helm by appealing to nonsense.