skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
E.F.Codd defines first normal form as eliminating nested relations (in "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks" which introduces the relational model). "Atomic" in this context just means any value which is not a relation.

A relation by definition cannot have duplicate rows, since relations are sets. If "rectangular" means that all rows in a table have the same columns (attributes), this also follows from the definition of relations. So these constraints have to be fulfilled before we can even talk about normalization, since normalization operates on relations. (Nulls are its own can of worms, but dosn't really have anything to do with 1NF.)

Codd introduces 1NF because he realized supporting nested relations would complicate the model and query language for no benefit. It would need special operators for navigate in and out or nested relations, e.g. if you wanted to join tables nested at different levels in other tables. You would need something like XPath on top of SQL. But you can express exactly the same information using foreign keys between tables and keep the language simpler.

The sum-types suggestion shows the problem. If we have sum types as values, presumably they would be composed of other types, right? So sum types could contain other sum types, arbitrary deep. Since you surely would want to query these individual values, you would need operators in SQL to navigate down into sum types. You would need facilities to index and apply constraints, again arbitrary deep down the structure. So the database model and query language gets significantly more complex for dubious benefit.
I don't get why you keep making things up that people never said. Every time you apply windows update, you're "going to the grocery store."

If you have non-technical users who complain about the browser changing, or knowing how to set a default browser, they're pretty technical. The browser has a back button and a url bar. regular people click the back button. they don't know what a url bar is. they are presented with a start page, which is by default google or bing, and get to a site that way.

my wife for example, while speaking many languages, will type "ycombinator.com" into a google search to get to this site.

>Given that people are annoyed by Windows 10's promotions

two people, and most non-tech people. go to walmart, look at the people buying netbooks in the computer section. those are the 90% of consumers those are optimized for. they were happy to find out about onedrive from those "ads," and now store stuff there instead of emailing it to themselves.

but there is no point in debating anything with you. it appears your brain has painted a new reality for you, and you're not even responding to what people write - you're making up easier arguments for yourself to defeat.

have a good day, have a nice life, enjoy your apples. just don't throw them out when you bring the bag to your house and see a little "dole" advertisement sticker on each apple. it's not a conspiracy theory for bob dole to get inside your house.

he's already there. he broke in while you were at the store.
Your faith in Microsoft's security patches is charming.
> I think everyone (who is reasonable) agrees the vaccine is the most effective tool we have against covid based on current scientific studies.

Vaccination is perhaps the best solution in the short term, but to me it seems that preventive public health measures might be more effective over the long term.

We know that the severe cases mostly happen to people who are already medically vulnerable (overweight, diabetic, cardiovascular disease etc). Governments could have used the last two years to execute on policies to reduce these chronic diseases: better food, better air quality, better water quality, a less stressful lifestyle.

High blood pressure, high blood sugar, air pollution and obesity (not to mention smoking) are responsible for far more deaths than Covid-19 [1]. In addition, being exposed to any of those conditions is a risk factor for Covid-19. Logically, if we reduce the risk factors we can reduce both Covid-19 deaths and non-Covid-19 deaths!

[1] https://ourworldindata.org/air-pollution#air-pollution-is-re...
there you go, good one. Can we resolve with something like a company level "NAT" but for phones? (not a question directed to you obviously :D )
A todo list that will never be completed, and only gets longer.
Maybe FB should switch to a single IP address to avoid burdening the internet with their DNS requests.
It's just about the chattiest browser that you can find. I cant't fathom why a Debian user would settle for it.
Is there something like this for Germany?
My highschool chem teacher was great and would start about 1 sentence a class with "These are lies, but they are still useful"
Lots of people blaming dns
Such a BS. FB imagining that they are their own Internet but failing in a most miserable way because they need actual Internet to communicate.
Yeah I definitely missed it and it caught me by total surprise today. I imagine many are in the same boat.

This also comes after they've adjusted their policy so that they keep all fees even after a payment has been refunded. They're getting less and less attractive every month.
How would you explain that AWS, GCE, Cloudflare, GitLab publish very detailed post-mortems?
Too much transparency. If thousands of eyes of gatekeepers are at you at all times, and immediately start screaming that you are a DINO or a RINO if you do not hold the party line at all times, you have all the incentives to be strictly partisan.

We generally consider transparency in politics a good thing, especially because it may reduce corruption. But it comes with significant downsides. Only very resilient personalities are able to ignore the psychopathic monkey cesspool that is the political Twitter. The rest will submit to Moloch.

(Scott Alexander's "Meditations on Moloch" are a good read; I was lucky enough to meet the author two days ago at a meetup in Prague.)
When you spend 16 billion on an acquisition is not just an app "built by a dude" anymore. To say nothing of the fact that even at that point Whatsapp was more used than FB's messenger tool (still is, I bet).

> and no one has any right to stop them from doing it.

FB can of course do whatever it wants to do. The powers that be can also do whatever they want to FB.
> BGP has to converge to a single routing table.

It certainly does not. If I peer with you, neither of us (generally) announce that route to our other peers, but often announce to our customers. There are many routes that are not visible to everyone, and there is no single routing table for the internet. Each BGP speaker ends up with their own routing table, although there are a lot of similarities.
> Okay I don't care if my account gets banned but why in the FUCK does everything about China has to do with the government?

Because very likely it really is.
I haven't made anything up. The point is simply that the OS should not try to use dark patterns to try to change people's settings. The assumption that this is good or that it is done to help the user, rather than something they can simply get away with, is ridiculous.
In the US, "human resources" is a misnomer for a corporate department that ensures regime compliance. Thankfully, most policies exist for the sake of worker's and minority's rights.
This doesn't compare with unvaccinated people, and thus doesn't tell people much about vaccine safety.
No one is proposing nationalizing WhatsApp or Facebook. I have no idea who you're arguing against, but it's not the author of this thread.
Just last month, a study finally began to investigate the effects of COVID vaccines on women's menstrual system [1]. Because women's official complaints had been ignored by the medical communities all year. Now they've been forced to finally examine it. To say that any vaccine side effects are "trivial" (as some have commented here) ignores women's concerns about the real possibility that something may be going wrong down there due to the vaccine. We'll know the results 1 year from now, when the study concludes. I wonder how many of the 1400 fired unvaccinated workers were women with good-faith concerns over their menstrual systems.

1. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/newsroom/news/083021-COVID-19-vacc...
I’ve been following FSD from v8 all the way to the current v10.1. It’s nearly magical and it’s only improving. I can see it being pretty rock solid within the next 3-5 years.
It would be a shame for a truly artistically designed busy-wheel if it didn't get turn once or twice, regardless of the time it was actually needed!
Facebook’s culture is “move fast and break things” the exact opposite of what you want from a utility used by billions every minute. Forgetting Facebook and insta for a second, WhatsApp really is the defacto phone and text service for many parts of the world: the taliban set up WhatsApp groups to manage things as they took over in Kabul.

Putting a little more maturity into their SOP isn’t the worst thing.
I keep being perplexed by how the Americans do stuff. I am Dutch and my government makes it (relatively) easy to do taxes. We got a website we can go to; it's filled by the government and we just need to verify that it is filled correctly and then click submit. Some people can make adjustments where needed and if needed. You can also let an accountant do it for you but that is optional; but useful if you have had a turbulent year that makes takes more difficult (like selling and buying a new house).
When they did not use a website (a few years back) they offered a downloadable application that was available under Windows, MacOS and Linux (GTK). It worked fine.
If I use DDG outside of China, and its results are sanitized of anything that offends the CCP, I will hold DDG accountable for that. It doesn't matter if under the hood DDG sources search results from somewhere else, DDG is the one serving me censored results. DDG "implemented" censorship. DDG is accountable.
It's nice for you then to enjoy, but there is absolutely no reason there couldn't simply be a checkbox for "unlimited stuff" in the thing. If you want to impose artificial limits upon yourself, I'm glad you have that ability. I want to make games, and PICO-8 is shit for that.
> I do know that making it harder to do weird things like using bitwise-and in a branch predicate with something other than a constant mask adds an extra layer of defense.

Sure, and perhaps I was mistaken in saying this isn't due to C++'s footguns. The & / && operators do look similar. Ada uses and / and then, which is more distinctive.
Being explicit in your doings is not necessarily evil. Governments frequently push to control everything that they think might benefit themselves. China just has everyone's balls in a vice and so can do it publicly.

But yeah. I'm only here to say that equating control of giants to be very different to control of everyone.
If it was a single change, deployed once that caused this, then it’s a single point of failure.
I just think this is uniquely American problem and for some reason American carriers are completely uninterested in dealing with it. Here in UK I get maybe....1 spam call every 3 months? If even that. And it's always the same robo-voice that you can recognize within 2 seconds and disconnect. I have absolutely no issues answering my phone.
I can tell you for sure that it's my problem, not YC's. They're all in favor of what you describe.
It's strange that you're ignoring the massive area between "unregulated" and "nationalized" (which is where most companies fall already).

No one is saying to break up Facebook and give it to the government. The idea is to break up Facebook because they've been buying competitors instead of trying to compete. It is an attempt to make the market more competitive.
I started answering scam calls. And pressing 1 when it said so to speak with someone about my microsoft account, apple account, car warranty, etc. And telling the person on the other end to kindly fuck off. After a few rounds of this, the calls stopped calling, as I'd gotten on enough of the spammer blacklists of someone who will waste their time. It took a while to build up the courage to do so, but I'm glad I did, because when the phone rings now, I can be reasonably assured that it's someone who I actually want to talk to.
what happens when you lose your password, or move house so your address is no longer valid, or get a new cell phone number, or got married and changed your name, and you haven't updated your account in years?
"Curious people become smarter ..."

Smarter and smart are not the same thing.
I don't know, but I'm also not entirely sure how phone books sorted back in the day (they predate ASCII by quite a bit), or if it was even consistent across locales (probably, at least before the baby bells), so for all I know A- sorted before A+, and nobody wants to be just A-.
Black Books of Hours
Really? At what size of an effect of increased risk of ADHD, obesity, etc. do we say that a non-tangible amount of pain should be endured?

IMO the biggest benefit of studies like this is to discourage pointless use of OTC painkillers. These painkillers are pretty weak anyway so if you old have mild discomfort or find that your pain isn't responding to the drug this is yet another reason to not just 'pop an asprin' (or ibuprofen, Tylenol, etc.) at the slightest bit of discomfort or even taking it regularly without good reason. I have seen even young people just get in the habit of taking ibuprofen, Benadryl, etc. multiple times a week or even daily which just seems excessive.

On the other hand, we are reaching the point where everything is a compromise. If you are pregnant AND working I am going to take a gamble and guess that OTC pain meds are pretty much par for the course.
We do: b for bits, B for bytes. People are just sloppy when using them.
“Best” means better than anyone else. There’s no way to measure that so it’s a nonsense standard. You can hire the best of the applicants available but even then how do you tell which person is best?

The right hire is someone who adds value to the product and the team. That’s usually only evident after some time on the job.

The more you are willing to pay the more candidates you will have to choose from, but without some way to determine “right” or “best” in advance it’s a crap shoot.
Especially if you're a Wonderful Person (TM) ;)
Keeping the fees on refunds bugs me so much as well and is completely out of line. Sadly everyone seems to do this now.

We haven't gone live with it yet, but following this change I actually went comparison shopping a little. I'm planning on swapping my payment processing over to Braintree.. which is still paypal.. but actually does have less fees. It has the benefit of still being able to accept paypal payments (at the paypal fee rate) but lower fees for credit card transactions.
> Have you not seen a warning that appeared frivolous or you disagreed with

Sure, and I explicitly -Wno- them in that case.

> Further, the compilers are evolving entities written by mere mortals, with their own bugs, occasional poor decisions, and yes, chances to be corrected over time.

Yes, but it is still increasing the chances that someone makes a build of your software with code strongly broken due to UB - that is not a chance anyone should ever ever take
My sympathies to you and the rest of the WT team. I think you’re doing a bang-up job under difficult platform constraints (that most people don’t appreciate), and the amount of vitriol spilled over this one interaction has been really disappointing.

Just remember that there’s a huge number of people who appreciate the work you’re doing to modernize terminal experiences on Windows (nearly 78k GitHub stars!)
Is there anything other than ikiwiki which works as a "wiki compiler" producing static html?
But don’t you see what you’re saying? If the phone companies (TMobile, Verizon, etc) offered competitive pricing these apps/internet services wouldn’t exist! We would all happily pay Verizon the reasonable fees, instead they try to milk us and end up losing our business entirely.
Clearly, and if you had read a line or two down you’d have seen where I say they aren’t quite the same, and you entirely missed my point which is that people see them similarly as just another part of their portfolio.

And actually with most index funds I don’t even have to type, I just click a few buttons. They’re not managed by the end user.
Did you even look at the link I sent ? The warnings kindly tell you about actual undefined behaviour that is 100% a bug, like what -Wstrict-aliasing or -Wreturn-type reports
Petr wrote up this RFC. I believe he started it when he was at Microsoft, but he finished it at Facebook:

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7938
The ability to remember a password or write down backup phrases really goes up when it’s not the access to facebook that can be lost but people’s own money.
Yes, but the problem with taxation is if you are couple of months behind the change in regulation, you are in violation and depending on the country, you need to pay fines.

It's easy to have open source project where the stakes are "bad translation" or something that doesn't result in fines or problems with IRS/law.
(Before the fall)
https://www.itproportal.com/news/misconfigured-centurylink-d...

https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/technology/ibm-cloud-g... (this one isn't clear, maybe BGP hijacking, and if so, not sure who the responsible party was)

https://www.catchpoint.com/blog/vodafone-idea-bgp-leak (not sure how major this one was)

You can practically search ISP bgp outage and get news about the last couple times they screwed up BGP and caused a big problem. Or service BGP and get a 50/50 chance of the service screwing up BGP or an ISP/country hijacking their routes and causing a big problem.

BGP is one of the best ways to break things at scale.
How to create a webpage in 5 minutes
No. It's 2038
There was never a Puritan rejection of tobacco.
PayPal doesn’t seem like a monopoly. Merchants can offer multiple payment processors, and customers can use a different one for each purchase without any lock-in. PayPal has strong competitors like Stripe and even Apple. They also lost their flagship client, eBay.
Yeah, this kind of thing has been suggested a lot, and then TurboTax lobbies to kill it. See https://www.propublica.org/article/inside-turbotax-20-year-f... and more.
VOIP from tmo/vz/att is still 100x better quality than voip from WhatsApp or zoom, I’ll choose tmo calling if it’s cheap or free over WhatsApp every time.
Something is mentioned here: https://commonsware.com/blog/2021/04/23/random-musings-andro... – I think it was something stupid like ACTION_VIEW only offering your default browser plus any apps explicitly whitelisted by the respective domain owner, so any third-party apps are out and need to be manually launched. (Maybe you could set a helper app as your default browser to work around this, but if I really remember the above correctly, it's still rather grrrrr...)
Make no mistake, we are domesticated too. Gallows used to be much busier, running the system's traditional quaint breeding program, except instead of better wool or bigger tubers it was selecting for ingrained compliance and wetware compatibility.
Ask HN: How do take care of your eyes?
Many of us here spend considerable time into computer related work/reading etc. Are there any practices that you follow to lessen vision problems later?
It also tends to present a piece of info to identify itself, so that you know it's not just something utterly random.

It's been superseded in a bunch of ways, but it cut down on fraud, so it has been useful.

That's the only metric the payment network participants really care about. Perfection would be great, but as long s there are results, they're good with it.
You either didn’t bother to read the article or you have no idea what happened to Mt. Gox. Either way, you are wrong.
So what are the practical differences between key storage and key derivation key storage…
Or you could just have the government itself develop the software in tandem with the tax regulations. Obviously, even that would still be easier and cheaper with a less complex tax code, but in this thread we're talking about "open source tax software" that shouldn't even really need to exist when the government could just provide a fully functional web portal where the corner cases have been tested exhaustively by the organisation that knows those corner cases better than anyone.
Stuff disappearing from physical storage boxes is also surprisingly common.

Guess the lesson is don't leave important stuff on other people's premises, even if you pay for it.
I met my first cofounder talking to them over beers. I met my fiancee over a shared love of mindless movies. I've mostly worked about 40 hours a week through my career so far. Now I'm in my mid-40s and I have what I believe to be my ideal job, I'm paid very well for it, and I have lots of time to play video games.

Your path suits you and you find it satisfying, and I'm happy for you, but it's quite unkind to dismiss other people's choices to drink beer and watch movies instead of working. There are many paths to happiness besides your own.
No because you are breaking the UX with the price reduction incentive.

I'm not breaking anything. I'm providing information about an alternate service. If you choose to use the IAP, you get the same UX you always did.

So they prefer the UX Apple provides.

With a price of zero they do, but how much is that UX worth to them? How much is it worth to you? I say lets expose it at its true cost and if people want to continue paying that cost then more power to them.

Now if we start adding incentives towards the other method you are pushing them more to what YOU prefer they do.

That's not true at all. Apple is charging 30% for that IAP experience, but right now you have no choice but to pay it. The "incentive" is just "pay a lower price for a lower grade of service", and without that we don't know if Apple are overcharging for the higher grade of service or not.

If, as has been posited, Apple's IAP UX is absolutely worth that 30% to a significant number of consumers, then they'll rationally continue to pay that 30% for that service.

You as a single developer would always be incentivised to take as much money from as many customers - hence dark patterns.

With the 30% discount the developer is in fact making exactly the same money either way, so they don't care which you go with (in fact, they'll make slightly more with the IAP under that scenario, because they'll have to pay processing fees for the out-of-app purchases).

Overtime the trust in the “it just works” erodes as it doesn’t really work well anymore. I don’t think this is something that Apple want to see.

I don't see how. The IAP button is still there. I can also imagine consumers making the decision on whether the 30% is worth it on a case-by-case basis - you might be happy to pay Netflix or Amazon out of app, but maybe for some $2 purchase of magic beans in some throwaway game you'll figure the $0.60c is worth it not to have to stuff around creating some new account on some fly-by-night website.
Why would a system like that have to be in their online infrastructure?
Quite some long-standing blogs get the blues and decry a glorious past when many more people would visit. Whereas today they've supposedly being taken care of by new mass media and "influencers". I don't have figures, but is the number of visitors, for tech blogs without ads, all that important a metric? Or isn't a reduced number of visitors a reflection of the fact that blogs are back as a medium for the right people, those who can relate with the content and start meaningful discussions about it, which were always a small number to begin with after all? If that's the case, we should really fallback to RSS and web rings/directories, making it not too simple to discover. Unless we want unwashed masses to take down our servers in expectation of easily digestible information merely presented to them in faux blog genre form.