skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> If I am reading you correctly,

I appreciate the effort at correctness, but you misread. The key bit was:

> You have map that maps (a -> b) functions, and you need another map-like for (a -> m b) functions.

I'm trying to write briefly, but I hope readers would interpret "map" and "map-like" as something from `m a` to `m b`. Or as you said:

> The critical piece of monads is the ability to turn a generic (a -> m b) function into an (m a -> m b) function.

We're saying the same thing. It's about using (a -> m b) functions in a map-like way.
It's hard to figure out what you really want to know, after many commenters have tried to explain why replacement mining technology doesn't reduce overall energy consumption, which was your broader line of questoning.

So I will focus on this one part:

> Where is the required energy use here?

Fundamentally, the hash calculation is designed so that energy consumption is proportional to required hashrate - regardless of hashing technology.

The required hashrate is reactive. It's governed by the difficulty adjustment algorithm which reacts to economic competition on the blockchain as well as economic competition among miners, so as to create two decoupled markets with money nonetheless flowing between them, which incentivises miners to spend most of the fees offered by blockchain users on energy, regardless of how efficient the mining technology is per hash.

So the required hashrate always adjusts until most of the mining fees offered by blockchain users gets spent on energy.

If your question is, essentially, "why any energy at all", the answer is that calculating things using zero energy isn't possible. If your question is "why can't we come up with a way to calculate these numbers that's so efficient the system won't increase the difficulty to fully compensate", that might be possible, but it would require the brute-force algorithm assumption to be broken. That is a type of breaking cryptography. The cryptography is designed so that it uses energy proportional to the hashrate on any type of computer. There is no known way around that. People try, of course; the incentives are very high for them to succeed.

Merely building a faster computer won't do it. A photonic computer, for example, doesn't challenge this assumption at all. A computer a trillion times more energy efficient would not challenge this assumption either. My limited understanding tells me even a quantum computer doesn't challenge this assumption, because SHA256 hashing is not amenable to Shor's algorithm, and Grover's algorithm only divides the bit-difficulty in half, which the difficulty threshold adjustment would automatically compensate for.

However, switching away from proof-of-work does change this assumption, and that's how to reduce the energy consumption.

> this is a sort of economic framing, but also, not the question

You cannot ignore the economic framing - it is a key technical part of the proof-of-work design.

It is such an important and powerful effect, it has a technical name, cryptoeconomic incentive, and it's treated as a critical technical factor in all major blockchain designs.

Although you can see it as a statistical or human effect, it is a strong and predictable effect. It is almost analogous to statistical mechanics, where we can calculate the properties of physical substances from underlying "random" individual behaviours, because the statistical ensemble behaves in a predictable way.
I'd rather that joke were not made. There is a difference though between a discreet 'not a great moment' and public 'absolutely inacceptable [and we should hound the poor sap out of all gainful employment opportunities for life]'. A classic management principle is 'praise in public, criticize in private'. While the joke was was indeed inappropriate, the public reaction was 10x worse.
That would work too, but even those with defined benefit plans are required to fund them at the present discounted rate, just as the postal service was. It's not an absurd condition, though I am happy to accept there's room for reasonable disagreement on the exact timetable for coming into compliance.
This is the biggest issue. Some sites ask for your TOTP every time you log in, so a phishing site asking for it won’t seem out of the ordinary.
How are your preparing for the Covid-19 disruptions (Ask HN Feb 2020)
Reminds me of doctors that studied cigarettes and suggested smoking with asbestos filters.
I’m not referring to the big screens but the replacement of buttons and knobs with multiple small ones.

Like putting touch screens on the steering wheel!
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Thats why there's always debate how big a surfers wave was, and then how do you measure from the front or the back?
I operate a tithe and give approx 10% of what I earn to causes I believe in. These are not all charities, and some include one-off donations to OSS projects.

I typically choose privacy and security related projects, individuals, and causes, these can be big projects like Signal, or regular donations for things like https://www.openrightsgroup.org/ , or random donations to smaller projects (that are sometimes individuals and mostly OSS but it being OSS isn't the core criteria).

I also include small charities that do things like refurbish old company laptops by servicing and installing Ubuntu and then providing them to schools and causes that cannot afford them.

It's mostly stable with a little scatter gun, I keep track in my monthly budget and just hover around that 10% mark. When I sold shares, I did extend the tithe to that too.

Edit: I am not religious but did learn of tithes when I was young and it seemed like a good thing that some religions do and I figured that if I started when young I'd never notice it. Mostly I don't notice it (though when I was saving for a mortgage I did stop and think I would've achieved it a lot sooner were I to not have the tithe - I stopped for a few months when I moved but slowly restored it).
I completely agree - the IKEA dill mustard is quite delicious: the flavour is remarkably well balanced, and the mustard itself is creamy but still has a bit of bite to it.

My overall favourite mustard is Löwensenf extra sharf (extra hot) mustard. It's the one in the red bottle, and it's a good hot mustard - I find it's really hard to get a good hot mustard in North America, so that's my go to.
Open it every five years or so then?
Emacs is just the most amazing software ever. Even more important and influential than Linux.
I don't use Bing, but I use Yandex from time to time. It's not that bad (not counting being hosted in quasi-democratic country). If Google stopped working one day I would switch to Yandex without much regret.

Bing for me became a meme, a search engine that nobody wants to use but that is nevertheless pushed down your throat by Microsoft (just like IE a few years ago). I tried to use Bing a few times, one thing that I find absolutely annoying are the pictures - every day a new image - I find it very distracting. I am not going to search engine website to watch pictures. I have the same feelings about Doodles, the last one (Olimpic games) really got on my nerves. Maybe there should be a two versions of Google - one for casual browsing and one for actually doing work.

As EU citizen I am really ashamed of EU inability to do big tech. Europe should have its own search engine. US, Russia and China seem superior in that regard. Search engine is no longer a simple indexing app, now it can be used to shape worldviews and do propaganda. Still I do not believe EU can do anything in this regard...
I think weeding out racists is a great side-effect of these programs. All of the reactionaries quitting is a feature, not a bug.
Gameshow winnings are not a gift. I think it is considered gambling and taxed accordingly.
Reminder: if you don't own your keys, you don't own your cheese.

Hardware:

https://trezor.io/
https://www.ledger.com/
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On the software front we use the language appropriate for solving the problem. That often means;
C for embedded systems,
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> Modern banking has tons of fees and burdensome regulations, but it also has entrenched layers of protection

It would be a mistake to think of these two features as easily separable.
Scenario: Unrealized Capital Gains to Be Treated as Income?
I'd still call it something you have. If someone kidnapped you, you wouldn't be able to reveal your TOTP password without your device.

The problem is the communication channel isn't bound to the authentication context the way it would be with a fido key. But that could be a flaw with any type of authenticator (albeit its much easier to seamlessly fix with other types) - its not about what type of factor it is.
I was surprised there wasn’t a “to be sure” paragraph where they talk about some of the current limitations of decentralization and cryptocurrency.

(In particular, there is no mainstream way to keep an important private key safe enough to use as your primary identity. Cellphones break, and even Yubikeys are a niche.)

There’s also no real announcement to this blog post, or enough meat to it for “Web3” to catch on. What’s the real purpose? Is it just about hiring?
Banks are basically all software too now. They can have the exact same issues. They're not just taking your bills and storing them in a physical vault for you to take out later.
Classic Hacker News.
I make it a point to at least make one-time donations to every opensource tool that I find useful and foundations that do good stuff for digital rights in general. Off the top of my head:

- (Monthly) IFF https://internetfreedom.in/

- Mozilla

- EFF

- Wikipedia

- KDE

- Manjaro

- Simpletask https://github.com/mpcjanssen/simpletask-android

- DownThemAll https://www.downthemall.net/
Yeah what we don't talk about is the impact of commuting and offices on the environment. To these CEOs we will never be in an environmental crisis they have the wealth to shelter themselves from the bad effects of global warming so they're eager to return to "business as usual."
If social media is to blame for the rise in suicide, why has it only affected American teens when it is a global trend?
Do you have any concrete examples of that? I think I kind of see what you mean, and I have a feeling that this is mostly right, but I'm not sure.
Pretty much every team is a network... which is to say, I think this advice applies to hiring, generally. Not just engineers.

Some people have made the solid point that a corollary to:

> After a baseline level of competency is satisfied, who you hire does not matter.

Is that the hiring team has a solid understanding of what that baseline level of competency is, in the first place. In my previous job, this was the limiting factor: the head of our hiring had absolutely no idea where that bar was.
Yet another bit of nonsense.

I've been programming for 50 years. There are no "revolutionary models". Nor is there a silver bullet.

The only trend I see that has merit is proving programs correct.
CMU (Harper, Pfenning, Crary, etc.) teaches the next generation programs how to write reliable software.

Write specifications so you know what is required. Show formally that the program meets specifications.
I have a Google Fi phone and the data isn't capped, but it's $10 / GB.
Didn't they just build new buildings in Redmond? How do you measure this? How do you explain companies that were fully remote before the pandemic building a new innovative product? Sounds like fluff.
> what you meant

I wasn't the original poster.

It's not very constructive to post that someone is wrong, and not explain why they are wrong. How wrong are they? Nope, just "sniff test". Working from first principles is the only way to get across to someone your mental model, but doing so in a comment is impossible. It would take an entire series of books to fully explain. There are skipped steps, and conversations are about narrowing exactly where we have a mental model difference.

Switching from one government granted monopoly to a duopoly is not progress. We need competition to force buyer's markets.
I love that Sweden also has Christmas soda-

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julmust
Projects directly... rarely. I throw a few bucks at a project I really like from time to time, but nothing reoccurring.

Organisations that make open source projects (like for example Tor Project or Wikimedia), that I do at least once a year.
Good for you. Everytime there was a virus on a computer, the antivirus spotted it and reversed its actions before I even noticed them.
SEEKING WORK

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Interview: Jason Crawford, Nonprofit Founder
Managers have the most fun at the office, as they are having meetings in separated rooms, while programmers need to be able to write and debug code in a room stuffed with 50 other people talking around them (because ,,walls are taking too much expensive real estate away''). At least that's how it was the situation at Google when I decided to leave.
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> we're less productive because we're all getting less sleep and fewer productive hours. And it's well known that stress reduces creativity.

I'd say it is the opposite at my company. Less commuting means more time to sleep in and more time for eating healthy.

My QoL has markedly improved since WfH.

I do agree that a certain subset of technical problems are easier to solve with in person collaboration. I think as a team we are slowly getting better at brainstorming on video calls, but it has taken awhile. The latency is honestly what kills it. Give me a 30ms end to end latency (including headset to computer, which is often more than 100ms right now for common BT headsets!) and I think a lot of friction would be removed.

What is really missing is the random hallway conversations that lead to sudden bursts of creativity.
I despised daily stands in person, but love them on a remote team.

We've decide to drop the status updates from standups to focus solely on discussing things of interest to the team - blockers, processes, issues, announcements, icebreakers, etc.
Yeah this is a perfect description. I find that it's really rare to find someone who sees it this way. The stock market is basically one big ponzi scheme that we're all bought into, which has two consequences: 1. We're never going to let it fail no matter what 2. Most of us are going to be unwilling to see that it's a ponzi scheme, leading to a lot of "religious thinking" about the whole thing justifying and attempting to rationalize and legitimize the way the "system" works. I would really like to find a respected and articulate authority who is has written a book or something about this, cause it feels weird to me seeing the whole system this way with so few people I've ever met agreeing with me, and none of them well known people.
You seem like a failure of an entrepreneur to put your racism ahead of profit tbh.
Not to mention June 2020 was only a few months into a pandemic unlike the US has seen in most of our lifetimes. I don’t see how you could differentiate between the effects of the pandemic/isolation and working from home.
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We are hiring Android Engineer: https://tti.care/android-engineer/

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"No office", app-only banks exists. One such bank is popular in my country.
I shit on a shingle. I win!
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> For the truly terrible people, you really shouldn't need a code of conduct to kick them out.

Good point, often overlooked. Though I hear the creak of an opening door to "we just don't like you" culture-fitting exclusion.

Written policies separate, by both time and person, rule creation from rule enforcement. That disconnect gives both the policymakers and enforcers CYA protection:

The rule I wrote wasn't intended to be used this way.
If it were up to me… but it's not, I just follow the rules.
While I am sympathetic to the idea that users don't like merges, they also hate idiotic combinations of data without their oversight. So, bit of a rock and a hard place.

If you want collaboration between people, you have to structure it in a way that makes it a conversation, I believe.

I could almost see an idea that you could pattern it after musicians playing together, but that is a very particular kind of rehearsal that has not been done in any other practice, as far as I am aware. Improv may come close, but even that has very specific techniques that really don't make sense in a CRDT landscape.
Unfortunately this still makes it a worse experience for "not crazy long" title words. Now it wraps all words if they hit the line break, eg. On the front page right now I see:

Demo of a WAM Prolog Implementation in Py

thon

Which makes it harder to read. The previous behavior would write this like:

Demo of a WAM Prolog Implementation in

Python
This happens so often one wonders if "inclusivity" is an actual goal of some of these people, or if it's a sort of an ideological trojan horse.
checkout rekt.news to follow attacks in crypto world.

It's wont stop, not just crypto but almost everything that involves software will have potential attacks. Crypto is just another area where attacks happen. IMO More the attacks, over the time crypto industry will become more robust.
Is this even possible? An external number's calls getting routed around to the internal side of a PBX without explicitly dialing into the PBX?
Or for that matter on iOS, the App Store used to download the chrome app to then delete the safari app :)

Also LOL - https://discussions.apple.com/thread/4260837