skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The first version of Fortran was defined internally at IBM in November 1954 and introduced as a public product in October 1956.

In 1958, IBM introduced Fortran II, which added user-defined functions and procedures. In the 1956 Fortran, a user could add custom functions, but they had to be written in assembly language, not in Fortran.

During 1958, several proposals for IAL, later renamed ALGOL, were discussed by American and European teams, but the final 1958 report was closer to the European proposals than to the American proposals.

One year and a half later, the ALGOL 60 report had few changes compared to the 1958 version, but those were important changes, e.g. the block structure requiring stack memory and allowing recursive procedures or the while-do loop, besides the for loop.

So yes, Fortran was a real usable product in 1956, 4 years before 1960, when 3 other major programming languages were introduced, LISP I, COBOL 60 and ALGOL 60.

However Fortran was very primitive and it had even less capabilities than the Superplan of Heinz Rutishauser from 1951/1952.

While Fortran brought little conceptual progress, it had a performant compiler for that time, it was well documented and easily available for anyone who could afford to lease an IBM computer.

Still Fortran belongs to the prehistory of programming languages, because the vast majority of features from any modern programming language comes from ALGOL 60 and LISP I, with very few from Fortran and Cobol.

Most later improvements in programming languages happened until the introduction of ALGOL 68, then an even smaller number were introduced in the next decade, until Ada (1979) and C++ (1984) and an even smaller number of improvements are more recent than that.

Unfortunately that does not mean that the modern programming languages are very good, because none of the currently popular languages includes all the best features of the older programming languages.

Due to various historical accidents that could not be corrected later without breaking backward compatibility, when comparing a modern popular programming language with some language from 50 years ago, the modern language will be better from many points of view, but it will also sometimes be worse in various details.

For example, all C-like languages are worse at handling arrays than Fortran II was in 1958.
What might be the next big thing after the internet?
"Leaving the city to own and operate a small poultry farm is racist, misogynist, colonialist, and CANCELLED: a thread." I wonder if I get a pass since mine is in Ireland.

There needs to be a Rule 34 variant which states that for any given thing there is someone saying it violates progressive principles.
lukehoban says it best in https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28711903 where he talks about the three things CloudFormation provides.

The Cloud Control API is an API to the resource model. It unlocks the ability for AWS teams to contribute to the resource model without having to worry about the rest of what Cloudformation does. As a service owner interested in contributing to other systems like TF and Pulumi, now I just have to contribute to one thing. In the medium/long term it's going to be a lot more efficient way to evolve how we all use AWS resources in our favorite Infrastructure-as-code systems.

Disclosure: Work at AWS (but not on the CloudFormation team)
Partly, it was generational. Gen X grew up hearing the evils of smoking in the 70s (TV and radio ads were banned as early as 1971), then with great admonition in the 1980s.

1982 was the year that the US Surgeon General announced that second-hand smoke was dangerous. That was the beginning of the end. Then shortly after the lawsuits started.

Boomers and the generation before did not have much of that influence in their formative years, even though warning labels were put on cigarette packages in 1965, they were mostly ignored because… marketing.

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/settlement/ti...
Cortical Column Networks
You think the advertisers want change? We are talking about companies that knew about climate change since the last 40 years, that shifted production to China despite the lack of human rights and environmental laws. Correct, not in spite of but because of.

These companies pull same ads to pretend to be the good guys who cares but a soon the storm is over they are back again.
So it's a self fulfilling prophecy. Bad design, no maintenance, no park, no sidewalks - apartment building are shit.
> How do you know that the person creating a NFT has the right to do that? The NFT tracks the chain of ownership for the NFT itself, if the initial person creating the NFT did not own the copyright for the art in question, then the NFT itself is useless.

That's very simple. Taylor Swift registers an on-chain address via ENS. TaylorSwift.eth, let's say. Then she publicly posts that public key to the world on social media and her personal website.

Then any mints that come from that address have a chain-of-title back to a publicly announced address.

As the address builds an on-chain reputation, that on-chain history is proof enough of provenance.

The royalties are enforced in on-chain marketplaces.

A lot of NFTs forego the physical court enforcement over IP. In the same way that fake Luis Vuitton purses don't devalue the original, it's largely ignored. It's still quite possible to find free MP3s on torrents, but the vast majority of people nowadays just use streaming services because it's official and they want to support their favorite artists with revenue. Same will go with NFTs.
Wasn't Park Yeonmi the person who said American universities are worse than North Korea? I wouldn't take anything she said too seriously ... :)

The Korean language does have "I/my" vs. "we/our" distinction, but for some inexplicable reason, it uses "our" when it comes to family, people, or houses. So, people say "my book" but "our dad". Even if you're the only child.
I will, sincerely, believe it when I see it.

Until then criticizing the status quo, which is doing harm right now, is absolutely valid and not disingenuous in the least.
AGPL v3 is proper open source.
Apple doesn't even always document stuff after releasing it.
If his baseline was Haskell. It was his first programming language. Then of course coding something else won't make him a better programmer. He is already a genious.
I think it's pretty obvious that awk syntax is ultimately the main inspiration for JavaScript syntax, with optional semicolon as stmt terminator, regexp literals, for (x in y), the function keyword, a[x] associative array accessors, etc.
You do realize that replicas are a problem in the real world art world as well right?

In real world art this is resolved by proving providence, in crypto providence from minting is trivial, but you still need to prove providence that the minting was honest.
Totally agree. It's just a starting point, and it's not the only model. And agree that it's more helpful for those who are more junior. But I tend to think: prevalence is some measure of efficacy. It exists because it tends to help. And it's always easier to pick nits, than it is to find the better solution.

Then again, maybe I'm just a fuddy duddy with fondness for realtime interaction. On some level, code reviews and slack chats are all you "need".
It was beautiful. Chronological so you can see everything new with a quick scroll and not miss anything, and populated only with content posted by people you actually follow which in those days were only people you knew from real life. No influencers, no celebrities, no talking heads. Then came the brands and it all changed.
I blame GNU's man page. I was in the same situation for the longest time, but stumbled over a man page for a simpler implementation of awk (plan9's, in my case) and learned it in 10-15 minutes (not claiming I understood it more than partially in that time of course, but enough to write my own small programs).

Since then I've made a point of finding man-pages from other systems whenever the manual for a GNU tool is a bit daunting. It tends to lower the learning threshold quite a lot, honestly.

$ man gawk | wc
1568 13030 94207
$ man -l /usr/share/man/man1/awk.1plan9.gz | wc
214 1579 10956

Not trying to detract from this great guide. Just a general tip :)
Exactly. Yeah, jQuery was that aha moment for me. Promises for others. Literal actual burritos for others still. Learning it out on your own, these analogies make perfect sense once they do. Teaching it, you’re not doing anyone any favors by explaining your particular “burrito”, you’re just obscuring it more.
The article mentions that the AOP is responsible for Siri, too.
Surgery for brain scanning is disinformation
The political system is not perfect, it has never been. Climate change is threat to our standard of living, we need to address it quickly. The only tool we have is a flawed political system where people seek power and use it to oppress other people. There is no time to first fix politics and then try to reduce carbon emissions.
From the executive summary:

- not enough data to reach a definitive final conclusion on the source

- symptoms were confirmed medically

- definitely not ultrasounds

- definitely not microwaves

- recorded 'strange' sounds were a cricket, with very high confidence based on spectral lines match up

- no plausible relationship between any of the recorded or reported sounds and long term effects
Note that this is measuring clients of Google services. It's useful for tracking consumer ISPs, but applications that really benefit from e2e connectivity have been and will be moving faster.
Also, I don’t think the problem was the professor (yet the response was still “ill advised” because if you ever work for a university, even as a part time TA, as I did, you get a whole spiel about forwarding such emails to XYZ@universityyouworkat.edu).

That did not make the professor wrong. Like I said, I don’t think the professor was wrong to say what he did.

But more relevantly, UCLA did not think the professor was wrong. That’s why they cleared him after their investigations.

And they did not slander him either.

That’s why the complaint isn’t either about UCLA punishing him, nor about UCLA or a UCLA employee slandering him.

The complaint is about private companies terminating his employment because he went through a standard UCLA investigative procedure. One which he agreed to and is common across the country.

The only thread his entire argument stands on is that through the process a couple of non binding entities recommended the investigative actions not be taken. But no one is gonna fault an entity for investigating something, and they will definitely not find it illegal.
Please pass on to your wife my thanks for her service.

A diverse college population includes all sort of people, of all sorts of ages and backgrounds. Some will have gone already gone through hell in their lives, and come back stronger. Some will be trying to start a new life. For some, this will be their first time away from their hometown, at a university that has as many people as their hometown did.

Does this mean that college students need to be protected? No. Instead, I make two suggestions/requests:

1. When starting from nothing, assume the best of intentions.

2. Assume your email will be read in the worst possible tone. Corollary: Don't be an asshole in your emails.
I’ve heard of but haven’t listened. Thank you for the recommendation!
There's a supercut of prominent Blue Team folks -- including the Vice President! -- publicly refusing to to take "Trump's Vaccine".

After Biden took office, they executed an "about face" so hard that their heads are functional gyroscopes.

Totally agreed on the rest. My stance is simple: get the shot if you're in a high-risk group. Otherwise, your choice, for which you should never be punished.
If the buyers could participate in a bidding market directly at the supplier, there would be no need for this overhead. The overhead you speak of is the cost of running a liquid market for a particular good where none existed.
Please change your title -- article says $98K, not $28K.
we agree NFT fail in these case. however, these were not the ones i defined nor was there a claim NFTs work in all cases.

the metapoint is that whether NFTs are a fad or fundamental technology will be defined by new use cases, so we should focus analytical efforts there and see if any yield sustainable value.

if taylor swift wants to outsource royalty capture to law-abiding companies, who provide the bulk of royalty revenue, she can do so with NFTs.

we also agree that NFTs do not replace legal courts, but neither do record labels.
Yeah, you fix the roof and windows. You buy and split all the wood during summer and place it as conveniently as possible. Building grading is major bullshit in this case, as is Instatok
Probably they are. Although I'm not convinced that nuclear is the cheapest solution to climate change.
Humans are crazy.
But they aren't. They're pieces of cardboard with a particular story. The card has no value itself, which is why a rookie card isn't very valuable, unless its of someone famous. Why? because one is a story right at the beginning, which may not even be a good one, where there other has an established success story behind it. Owning the card is representative of owning a chunk of that story. You can say its arbitrary, but the fact is the picture on the card is of a real person with a real story, and their image on the card is part of literally that same story.

So with NFTs, its the same, anyone can write a document that says "this certifies ownership of a picasso painting" and it doesn't mean much of anything. However if Picasso writes up a document broadcasts somehow he has done so and the document says you own x painting, then its easy enough to certify to anyone that you own a Picasso from the man himself. The story is not arbitrary, this is precisely why it has value. The arbitrary easily copied stuff is cheap and meaningless and known as such. The "rare" NFTs and stuff selling for massive prices is expensive because it is genuinely so. You can write a comment here about how easily you can create a counterfeit NFT, but how easily can you actually convince someone to buy it from you? You can observe that baseball cards are just pieces of cardboard but how easily can you acquire a card printed when batter X was a rookie?

I'm not saying this sort of value is easily quantifiable, but it is easily observable, identifiable that its reflective of a real element of reality and not (entirely) arbitrarily imagined.
The type theory Russell invented has little to do with type theory as used in programming languages other than the name. You could make a strong case that grammar as a type theory for human languages was an even earlier example of using types, but it's one that's just as meaningless to us.

The early history of type theory for programming languages comes from research into lambda calculus:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply_typed_lambda_calculus
Hey everybody, hnrss maintainer here.

Just FYI, I’ve recently added a (what else?) RSS feed for hnrss if you want to stay updated: https://hnrss.github.io/updates.xml

If you're using hnrss in interesting ways I'd love to hear about it! Reply below.
The chips would have been sold in any case!

They're taking advantage of some fluxuations to make money for themselves. That isn't helpful for the producer nor for the purchaser of the goods.

This isn't people setting up futures for 555 timers. This is people scooping up PS5s and immediately selling them for an extra $200.

Of course it's nobody's god-given right to own a PS5 but there's not value being produced here.
And those numbers might be a significant undercount https://gizmodo.com/most-police-killings-in-the-u-s-arent-of...
If you block them (mozilla fb container is great for this) how do they connect your phone number in your friends phone when the facebook app scrapes it to your internet browsing on a third party site? Where I might live what school I went to and where I work seems like its public information already, maybe in voter registration databases.
When software transmits usage off device silently without consent from the user, in ways that benefit a remote party and do not benefit the user: that's spyware.
Strange… I found the cave full of monsters in Stardew Valley makes it seem way too hard to cut your way through slimes, skeletons and beings of darkness.
OpenBSD usually doesn’t care about what others think is dead.
See https://www.openbsd.org/opencvs/index.html and https://undeadly.org :)
I figured that this is usable directly as a service, we only bring our own authentication layer (password + 2FA) and use SpiceDB to check the permissions?

However, the docs mention that we're required to have an authzed account, but this is not required when hosting it ourselves?

Would be nice to have a step-by-step guide for the self-hosting so that it's apparent how the flow goes.

PS: Would also like to use it in Cloudflare Workers, but they don't support gRPC yet (Only REST and HTTP/1.1).
"The only institution that acted against him "

UCLA acted against him - by irresponsibility suspending him for issues regarding supposed racial insensitivity, which were without merit.

His suspension caused him to lose revenue, hence the problem.

The suspension could be a form of libel i.e. false information published about him, causing him damages.

I should add that it's obviously more complicated if he's 'cleared' of something but the libelous damanges linger anyhow.
Any idea why this post was flagged?
Narrowboats are the best compromise here. Can't think of anything you'd really miss on one except maybe the car? It's definitely not camping or a van.
When it's regulated and you can sue.

Then there's a potential to stop the pump's.
Have enough of your friends get robbed/raped/groped in public transit and spend enough time on transit with urine in the stations and blood stains on the seats, and you will come to understand that safety, security, and cleanliness also drive ridership.
I will be curious to see how founder-led companies operate as they get large. Mainly companies like AirBnB, Cloudflare & Coinbase.

I don't think it's impossible for a company to get large and still be somewhat effective.
If I was building a cloud company and wanted 1000 CPUs, how could I go about getting a discount below list price?
I read a perspective once that posed driverless cars would first be adopted on specific commuter routes as a point to point taxi, and it's seeming increasingly plausible there will be such a service available for SFO to select highway-adjacent points around the Bay before long.
Huh, interesting. I was extrapolating from my parents and grandparents who definitely didn't eat meat every day and certainly not half a pound of meat each day. They didn't live in the US though. My grandparents still had to raise all the meat for the family themselves.
How to test your API with Python
did speed limits really make things better though? germany has the autobahn and sections with no speed limit, yet their roadways are much safer than the US.
I think anything is possible. There are an infinite number of options for starting a company, and a remote co-founder (or even a few) is not a problem, in case the cultural, ethical, moral code coincides.

So look for people who are close in spirit and vibe.
Yep, anything more than 1 line would be a python script. The author vaguely tries to answer that but doesn't really give anything more satisfying than "you can rewrite it in python" and "why not?".

And if it's something you don't know and are experimenting with, you can also open ipython and play around with the data (kinda like he's doing throughout the article) and keep your variables between each run without having to write intermediate values to disk or keep piping over and over.

Let alone the huge stdlib and 3rd party lib you have access to if needed.
What RSS Readers is everyone using? I have used tiny tiny rss before, but was wondering if there was another alternative
> which actually has nothing to do with functional programming, it's just sloppy programming

I’m really cautious to agree here. We’re talking about something that’s increasingly core to React’s design (you don’t throw Promises yourself, the internal APIs do, and it’s documented that way so other libraries can interop). It’s a weird design but I don’t think I could call it sloppy.

> This is because this person is one of those clowns

This is also unhelpful. I hope we can get better at critiquing without attacking the person, even where we disagree with them.
At last. I have used footnotes in Markdown (via the Python library) for many years now, and kept trying to do so in GitHub…
> virtue-signaling greens

Fun how insulting people is OK these days.
This was stated on a Ford all-hands meeting September 29.

I also cannot find an external link, but the meeting was attended by tens of thousands of Ford employees and contractors.
Alright, it is a fair point that it isn't a closed system, but you have to start from somewhere in order to grow from there into something with more of a closed loop. At the end of the day, courts of law have to decide on the outcomes of contentions, and this holds true with traditional crypto as well. - Perhaps one day we'll see smart contracts which are honored by courts to uphold the contracts in a lawful way, if written in a specific way (like what Agrello is/was trying to do...dunno if they are still around), but it has to be built first, it can't be perfect day one out the door, it's a journey.
AI-Powered Systems Can Now Predict Pandemics Before They Hit Us
Is this really a meaningful thing? I mean, of course it is somewhat in terms of how things are viewed. But, theres no religious law that NFTs must be a pure blockchain thing. Possibly they're finding their niche, and that is to be a sort of intermediate, which uses traditional systems as the origin of verification/trust, but can then go forward on its own with no further verification. (Of course, your wallet keys could be stolen and used to impersonate you, but the same is true for login credentials of twitter blue checkmarks)
> Following a surgical procedure for heart problem, which was relatively easy for current medicine, it's as if his brain didn't come back, his personality changed, he was losing the ability to be himself.

From the article it seems the problem manifested years before the surgery. The surgery only accelerated the decline.
> What is “pumping loss “?

Unlike older scientific topics that have esoteric terminology, usually from the Latin, this one is pretty straight forward... It is the energy lost due to pumping. Basically, the overhead of keeping an engine running no matter how much distance of roadway you cover, but more on point, the extra losses due to running an engine outside of its peak power/performance range:

https://www.cycleworld.com/2015/10/12/ask-kevin-what-is-pump...
Had same experience, people even adjust estimations according to their needs. Daily scrums, scrum planning, backlog grooming may take hours and exhaust people.

There are some basics that should be addresses though, progress visibility (issue tracker, milestones, ...), estimation by assigned developer (for responsibility), product management, shared expertise.
I can see exactly how much I'm being charged when making a tx and I can ask them for a refund the way I would if they overcharge my card..
If I were a religious extremist like you I would do the reverse, "see the Bible is right, God sent that meteorite".

On the other topic how is possible to be an anti-science Christian while at the same time the priests and monks have many member that are scientists (including historians and astronomers)
None of which in any way responds to what I said. NFTs, by design, have no fraud prevention mechanism and no mechanism for getting your money back if you were scammed. They allow for arbitrarily many tokens to be minted of the same thing, with no obvious mechanism for people to realize that's what's happening.