skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> It's like having some red-green-colorblind people and some blue-yellow-colorblind people try to agree on wallpaper for you.

I agree, it's exactly like that.

It's like that one person you're annoyed with because they keep saying the colors don't match, even though they obviously do, but you don't know that person is tetrachromatic - you don't even know tetrachromacy is a thing. Or, "picture this in your mind" meaning something completely different to people with aphantasia (like myself), and most people with and without it are not even aware aphantasia is a thing, and just assume everyone imagines (or doesn't) the world the way they do. Same thing with internal monologue - some people talk to themselves in their heads all the time (I'm in this group), others don't, and - again - most aren't aware there are people who aren't like them.

The more we talk and learn about each other, the more it seems our internal experiences are pretty diverse.
Why do you "absolutely" need a booster shot? Are you immunocompromised? How do you know what your level of protection currently is?

Even if you did a test to look at your antibody titers, antibody titers aren't the end all and be all of immunity (think T-cells).
This piece is both good and original. However...
Yes, not having a place to live is so much better than the 99.9% survival rate for someone in my age group.
Exactly. Crypto largely removes the need for institutions, and with anonymous wallets it would be very difficult to link a specific person to one.

Edit: I am again talking about capital gains. Yes, the money has to come from somewhere, but you can break the traceability easily by using non-kyc means of getting crypto. E.g. bitcoin ATMs.
> Same with decommissioning the nuclear plants, for which the companies are supposed to hold back some funds, but they just undercalculate that, go bankrupt and the taxpayer pays up.

That's just flat out wrong. Decomissioning costs are included in the TCO and electricity price, and IIRC for Hinckley Point C it's a big chunk of the costs. Furthermore, EDF is state-owned and won't just go bankrupt. Yes, the taxpayer will cover any shortcoming, but at least significant efforts are made to plan for decomissioning and cover the costs from the start; can anything similar be said about coal?
1. Thank you for getting annoyed every time.

2. The name is not "X Window".

Citation: See the June 1988 "XNextEvent" newsletter, The Official Newsletter of XUG, the X User’s Group, "Things That Happen When You Say ‘X Windows’", for the definitive list of its official names, and the dire consequences of getting it wrong:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28522534
This person just does error checking, not error handling. Every single example in this post is a bare `return err`. At least wrap the error like `return fmt.Errorf("could not do foo: %w", err)`.
Now that you say it, of course! Actually went to a Roots concert once, must have been about 15 years ago :-) "Roots" "Roots" "Roots"
Sorry to burst your bubble, but for years, Germany sold more power to france than it bought from there.
https://energy-charts.info/charts/import_export/chart.htm?l=...

Also, during harsh winters and warm summers, france is happy to buy electrical energy from us, because of the unreliability in their system under those circumstances.

(Also German here ....)
This has been asked and discussed in this thread already: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28516795

In short: Just because they got access to the phone in March doesn't mean that they were already aware of the zero-day exploit back then. Finding this kind of stuff takes a while.
> but if you're buying a car the same is unlikely to be true.

I don't see why not, it's not like you can buy a car anonymously. If anything there's more security there than with the coffee, and no one is going to attack the Monero network to create a double spend for the price of a car.
Speaking as another young male with no comorbidities, I do tons of reckless shit that put myself at way higher risk for no other reason than to entertain myself and my friends. So I figured I might as well get vaccinated if it's a tiny societal positive with no non-negligible risk to myself.

> ...the vaccine on the entire adult population [in France] would avert 10 deaths from Covid among 18-39-year-olds, but would be associated with 21 deaths from blood clotting in the same age grouping over the same time period.

There are ~16 million 18-39 year olds in France. So both those risks seem vanishingly small.

I'm not saying that marketing of vaccines has been honest overall, but that's just my 2 cents about "WHY in God's name I would risk taking an mRNA vaccine".
No, other vaccines certainly do not have the same thrombosis risk as AZ. We easily have enough data here that we would have seen that by now. There is the myocarditis risk for the mRNA vaccines, but that is quite a different thing than the thrombosis risk for AZ. The myocarditis is not deadly.

The argument for vaccination of young boys is more complex, and different expert panels have come to different conclusions there. The UK is more of an outlier in this case. There is still enough uncertainty here, especially on the consequences of the infection itself that it's a really difficult decision.

As for point C, there is no reason to believe that Novavax would be safer than the mRNA vaccines. It could be, but there isn't anything inherently superior here that would automatically make it safer.
> yes, as an average application developer, you should probably avoid macros.

I disagree. I think you should just learn to use them correctly. They're just another tool, and not a hard one to grok. If you're allowed to design code on your own - write modules, classes, APIs - then you should be able to handle macros responsibly as well.
The next Big Tech battle: Amazon’s bet on healthcare takes shape (Paywall)
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n,flag;
printf("Enter the value of n numbr of grid\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
char a[n];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%c",&a[i]);
}
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(a[i]=='H'&&a[i+1]=='H')
{
printf("NO");
return 0;
}
else
{
if(a[i]=='.')
{
a[i]='B';
}
}
}
printf("\nYES");
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%c",a[i]);
}
}
How will you find and maintain experts who are convinced of the greatness of some investments, but refuse to invest, because they want to remain impartial? I think your demands are unrealistic.

Also, you could just as well consider it a positive signal (putting money where their mouth is).

I guess even better would be posting a proof of ownership. Not sure if that would be possible with Monero, but it would be possible with Bitcoin.
They're not U-Boats!!! It's the U Boat System.
I expected a libre implementation of WholeTomato's Visual Assist plugin :)
Wow, it's written in C#. This could be amazing.
I agree with you on some topics, disagree with you on others.

I agree that slavery, drunk driving and secondhand smoke are very bad. I agree that people who've committed such acts likely have less empathy towards other people.

I disagree with the sentiment you expressed about "mask freedom" and "vaccination freedom". I think vaccinations are great and masks are somewhat useful, but I think the tradeoff of sacrificing freedoms is not worth it to force this stuff on people by government mandate. So I guess I fall in the category that you defined as "aware of the possibility of death and perfectly fine with it". Be that as it may, I certainly don't have the mindset that anything goes, regardless of harm to others. I think there's tradeoffs to be made and I think reasonable people can disagree about those tradeoffs. I'm sure if we went through a variety of different topics (like personal cars) we would find several topics where you're also willing to make tradeoffs "aware of the possibility of death and perfectly fine with it".
Note that this can quite problematic in scenarios where the caller wants to inspect the error (example: was the error an http timeout? or a server error?). Returning the error and letting the topmost call site handle that is usually better.
what is "a company that produces screencasts"? How does it make money? Is it a non-profit?
I like FRP, but prefer to imitate it in a synchronous manner now - I mainly work on the JVM and I've personally found debugging to be too painful when working asynchronously. If I need async then FRP is definitely the first tool in the toolchest that I'd reach for.

Elixir's pipe operator is a brilliant tool that I wish every language had. I mainly use kotlin day-to-day and definitely abuse the `let` keyword to try to get closer.
This is simply not true. The CDC has published a detailed analysis of the vaccine efficacy and known side effects [1]. This clearly shows that the benefit of being vaccinated vastly outweighs the risk due to side effects in all age groups >= 18 (only adults were considered in this analysis). Even in young males (18-29) they estimate that the risk of hospital admission due to COVID is an order of magnitude higher than the risk of myocarditis (which usually does not require hospital admission).

[1] https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7032e4.htm
I've programmed all these, old Macs certainly did weird stuff with the upper bits of pointers, Vaxen though have quite ordinary virtual address spaces, they do use upper bits to choose between page tables but that's about it
I’m curious what happened to all of the other vaccines that were in development, which we heard about in 2020. Now it still only seems to be Moderna and Pfizer.

If supply is a major constraint we would benefit from expanding the number of options in the market and have more pharma production built in other countries.

Although the pharma cartel is a very small community with a few mega firms. Making vaccine development an even smaller subset.
Environmental concerns causing cancer in Europe has a bit of precedence - see the push for diesel engines in passenger cars. These reduce carbon dioxide emissions (which act at the global level) at the expense of higher particulate and nitrogen oxide emissions (which affect the health of people nearby).
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> Infringing copying on any scale required significant financial investment in the past.

No it didn't. More, yes. But 40 years ago you just needed two VCRs and a blank tape. The only thing preventing mass reproduction was copyright law.

And pre-copyright this is also what happened. Because it was just not that hard. Even 500 years ago.

> I'm guessing most infringement is today is casual-- created by the ease of copying brought on by everybody carrying around mobile computers with those ultra-cheap network connections.

I bet less now than 20 years ago. Today you can buy spotify, apple music, google music, or whatever. You can stream stuff.

Blockbusters didn't die because of piracy, but because of streaming.

> I'm not aware of the "legalize murder to preserve freedom" lobby

It's your argument. If a thing cannot be prevented, then it should be legal. Right?

> Equating copyright law and murder is equally nonsense.

That's wilfully missing the point.

Take shoplifting instead, then.
And this virus mutates which also limits the shelf life.
Bullshit. The CDC reports ~3,500 people below 30 dying of covid, as opposed to a rate of 7 in 1 million developing a blood clot (which isn't implicitly fatal), or 2,800 if everyone were vaccinated.

Aside from that, vaccination helps everyone by helping to prevent the spread of the virus.
What data are you referencing to claim that the vaccines do not provide some immunity? But importantly, the vaccines do reduce transmission. See the below study along with others.

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2107717

Admittedly, one weakness of the above study is that it took place before Delta was widespread. There isn't a lot of data yet on how much the vaccines reduce transmission with Delta, but the likelihood is that they still do even if to a lesser degree.
If they can keep the Moderna, and Pfizer vaccine, at below freeing?

I just picture America the "great" delivering vaccines, and there's no infrastructure on the other end.

On a selfish note, I wouldn't mind closing all ports of entry until this virus is truly under control.
My FP experience has mainly been with Scala (with haskell on side projects).

Is OCaml the ML language de jure?
Image and video decoders seem like exactly the right target for formally verified (i.e. proven) implementations. There are just so many moving parts, and libraries get re-used in many projects, rarely forming the 'special sauce' in any given app.

I have been keeping an eye on the work done by what is now called Project Everest[1] over the years in the communication and cryptographic space.

Is there similar work in the image and video decode space? My seach fu is not yeilding anything beyond some hardware decoding proofs.

[1] https://project-everest.github.io/
They need to make the actual data based argument not just appeal to authority.

Booster shots have these benefits, these risks, and these tertiary effects.

The argument seems to be that boosters have small increases in immunity, very small difficult to quantify side effects likely similar, and because of limited global supply and large numbers of unvaccinated.

The optimal deployment might be a very few should have boosters, and the rest of supply should be directed towards people who want but can’t yet get vaccines.
Australian Govt to revoke citizenship based on “confidential information”
> Israel already has a massive PR issue with other countries,

But for these middle eastern countries Israel selling them exploits which allow them to spy on dissidents may actually improve relations by helping out regimes which would otherwise be sworn enemies of theirs…
Governments all over the world are trying to get rid of paper money.

EU (or Germany, sorry I forgot) just passed laws that production of all goods should be traceable from beginning to end.

They are working on it. Nobody shall be able to opt out of the system.
10 years ago people were also chatting about China being caught in the middle income trap because China was unable to create its own global brands and original products, and was destined to be a cheap factory for western brands forever, never would be rich enough to have an internal market.

Today we have global brands like Xiaomi, Huawei, Tiktok in every corner of the planet.

And there is just going to be more of it.
You can't claim that taxation is a complex subject, yet begin by asking simplistic questions about it. Even then the concept is easy to understand, and expected rational behavior: the wealthy evade taxes because they like money and use their considerable resources to get it done. It's a fact that has thousands of years of historical precedent.[1] It's a pattern of behavior well documented in books, documentaries, and research on the subject. It's even part of the backdrop for dramas based on historical events, like the French Revolution.

It doesn't require any conspiracy, only self interest. Even then, the wealthy do have yearly economic summits where tax policy is discussed. Why would you assume it's about how to raise their own taxes instead of the opposite?

> Can you provide a year-by-year (or close enough) summary of the progression of this design and how it met your stated purpose?

There's a fairly good summary at Brookings.[2]

> I'll add my own observation to this: No, the US tax code is not designed to benefit the wealthy. It is based on incentivizing behavior through tax breaks/credits.

Yes it is. Even narrowing the focus to their personal income tax after it's loopholed through corporate tax shelters, the extremely wealthy pay have a lower tax rate than workers earning $45k.[3] Workers who make $140k pay as much into social security as the richest people on earth who also have US citizenship. What's the benefit to society having less money for shared infrastructure, and what's the benefit of rewarding people who find a way to avoid paying into that?

> And, no, what they do in (country) "m" has no bearing whatsoever on what is done or should be done in any other country

Eliminating the chance to learn from other nation's policy mistakes and successes is a terrible idea.

[1] https://medium.com/lessons-from-history/when-governments-can...

[2] https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/funding-our-nations-pr...

[3] https://www.propublica.org/article/you-may-be-paying-a-highe...
I'm always surprised how unpopular perl (and even more, its spiritual successor raku) is with the HN crowd. It does not square with my experience of various languages' ergonomics.

It's not at all surprising that perl put thought into things like this, the entire language concept optimises for elegance of expression.
When dealing with go errors I like to give them proper names. barErr, fooErr.
In the case of the article it fixes reordering (not that you do that a lot in real code).
In real code it makes unhandled errors a compile error, because the variable is not used.
> So copyright is enforceable because you can theoretically sue everyone? There aren't enough courts.

This applies to every single crime. Try getting the police or courts to do anything about your stolen bike. They won't. You can have the name of the thief, with video of them stealing it, and it won't be worth their time.

Also won't be worth your time and money to sue them civilly.

So theft should be legal?
Or if you are young and healthy pay with a real infection for more robust immunity going forward
Error handling isn't that verbose in Golang compared to other languages. Sure, in Python or Java(script) you can just throw an exception and handle that in a try/catch loop, but IMHO that's worse than explicit error handling, and I don't think that it produces more legible code in general. And error handling that's baked into the type system (as e.g. in Rust or Haskell) also requires pattern matching to handle errors, which really isn't that different from Golang's "if result, err := func(); err != nil { ...} else { ...}" pattern.
Just as a heads-up: BB10 BlackBerry’s are ‘bricking’ in January 2022 - all the associated server infrastructure is being turned off.
That's what `errors.Is` is for.
https://pkg.go.dev/errors#Is
You might want to remind people what commercial VPNs are good for: it masks the IP from _COMMERCIAL_ entities. It doesn't protect from the NSAs of the world because they have no restrictions in what VPN foreign servers they compromise, and FVEY routinely bypasses constitutional protections by compromising servers of opposing countries, e.g. GCHQ and NSA exchange data they extract from the opposing countries citizens.

Mullvad and other VPNs only provide trivial layer of IP address masking, they don't automatically block the endless list of tracking elements from HTTP headers to web bugs, LSOs, JWTs, cookies, webRTC, or canvas fingerprinting, and user actions on the site.

It's also the case simply downloading a bunch of browser plugins will probably make your browser look unique, if it wasn't already.

The best protection you have for anonymous browsing is with the Tor Browser, where every Tor user falls into three buckets depending on the privacy slider setting.

Commercial VPN to access the Internet is mostly a "feel good" service that offloads trust under foreign jurisdiction that might not e.g. have laws wrt. torrenting, but don't think for a second it provides safeguards against governments. It's not that Wireguard isn't excellent protocol, it's that the server is performance aside, just an ordinary computer that can be compromised invisibly with one expensive zero-day and a persistent rootkit, and there's nothing the companies can do about it.
Well, the green party never advocated for using coal instead. Of course, you cannot abandon nuclear power, then destroy your rising solar industry, then destroy your wind industry (first onshore, than offshore) and finally also abandon coal and gas. While playing games with biogas & hydropower and reducing support for alternative heating systems like wood pellets. All of that seems to be the current plan of the conservative party. The green party had a plan and it was on track until about 2010, 5 years after they lost power. Since then, its all gone down. But blaming that on a party in opposition is at minimum unfair, if not stupid. All at the cost of more than a hundred thousand industry jobs.
I have to question "perfect functionality".

Even 25 years ago, on Slashdot I could tell it not to show comments with less than a certain number of upvotes, and thus filter out a lot of the dross from busy conversations.

I can't do that on HN. I can do something like it on Reddit, although I know of no "expand all" functionality, but on HN it's all or nothing.

That is imperfect to say the least.
Could be what GP says, could be what you say, but the only way to know for sure is to try and reduce the differences.
Before I learned about functional programming I found that I'd break a task down until I found a pure functional core that transformed data from one form to another. I'd try to separate that from all the imperative and async stuff going on, and all the validation. It sometimes meant my Python programmes looked a bit weird, but I found that when I managed to do that I'd reached a point where I really understood the problem space and what I was trying to do.

Unsurprisingly when I learned functional programming I found that it was a great match for the way I think, or at least the big picture way I approach programming. I doubt it's how all programmers think, but it's definitely the way I do.
Multiperspective Diagramming – A guide for system engineers
> They do provide immunity in 95% (conservative) of cases

So not conservative. Real world data has all of them at under 80% now.

https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/covid-19-vaccine-compariso...
One Stuck Box of Fertilizer Shows the Global Supply Chain Crisis
I don’t understand what closing all ports of entry will do (in USA) at this point. The virus is already here and all travel to USA requires a negative covid test taken at most 72 hrs before flight.
Well, I'm not flying to Vietnam tomorrow, so I'm not claiming I personally need a booster shot.

However:

- Vietnam is an epicenter right now, so my odds of catching COVID would be high.

- They are well beyond hospital capacity, so if I do have a serious case, it's uncertain I'll receive quality care (and if I do, I'm taking a bed from someone else)

We don't have full data, so the right way to think about this is with expected outcomes based on best available data. Best available data, in this scenario, places the likely reduction of risks of COVID19 as a much greater risk reduction than any potential risk of vaccines:

- We do have multiple studies about how immunity wanes over time from vaccination. Those provide better ground-truth data than theoretical arguments.

- We also have some estimates of breakthrough rates, and severity of infection

We don't have good data on long COVID post-vaccine, so that's a place we need to make an educated guess and rely on theoretical arguments.

You can plug whatever sane numbers you want, but in this scenario -- humanitarian work in an epicenter with limited hospital capacity -- a booster shot makes sense.

For other scenarios -- for example general population -- whether a booster makes sense is still often within the very large error bars of the limited data, and reasonable people can disagree, much as the authors of the Lancet article and the CDC currently do. Once more data rolls in, we'll know.
You mentioned Rust: well, Rust has the question mark operator for this case, so you can automatically unwrap a Result<T, E> and return the Err<E> with only one character of code. I worked with Go for years, and it's just not true to say that Go's error handling is not unusually verbose.