skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> They also need to preserve composition.

I didn't state this because this generally comes for free, assuming no shenanigans such as runtime type reflection/type-casing (but in that case all laws go out the window). In particular in Haskell (which is what I assume you're coming from given fmap and your ML-ish syntax) this is a superfluous law. If a type constructor's `fmap` obeys the identity law, it must obey the composition law.
It’s a type constructor that extends to functions. It’s a functor.
I'm not so sure there was a reasonable place to test it in North America at the time. There wasn't an actual highway to Alaska until after this was abandoned in Antarctica and even today most of the northern bits of Canada are best accessed by plane instead of roads. You could find some snow but it would be a very different snow than they would encounter in Antarctica.
No need for Fox. There's a jillion hours of raw video out there.

My favorites were the people with a half dozen live feeds of the various deviltries and a bit of ongoing patter. A kind of riot sportscaster I guess. Maybe it's the future of TV.

In any case, I don't care if they tear up Portland or any other urban area. There's something fascinating about a battle at a distance.

Regardless, have an upvote. I love ya man.
May have been foul play given his reputation.
That was due to abusive behavior on England's part.

Every country and every political leader is capable of committing atrocities. But overall, rule-of-law democracy is much better at mitigating that than other forms of government.
Well it depends how you define Mappable, but...

Pythonish pseduocode:

BadFunctor is a List (of generic type) with

def badMap(function, stuff) :
return [map(function, stuff) + map(function, stuff)]

That's a Mappable, but not a Functor.
Isn't that circular logic though?
What about the people who just like hurting other people?
Show HN: Acolyte – Query your data warehouse in plain English
Hi all,

I've spent the past 4 years working as a data analyst and analytics engineer. One of the biggest pain points for analysts is that, even with tools like Looker and Tableau, they still spend a ton of time answering fairly simple questions from less-technical users instead of doing high-value analytics.

Often as a data analyst I've felt like a computer translating requests from English into SQL. That got me wondering - could an actual computer do it instead?

For a while, I thought the answer was "no" (or at least not in the near future). But then OpenAI's Codex[0] was released. I started using GitHub Copilot[1] every day while writing SQL in Visual Studio, and it felt like magic. The autocomplete was getting my code right a lot of the time, even for complex SQL queries.

So I decided I'd give this a go. I've built a demo using the Codex API and dbt Labs's "Jaffle Shop" example database, which will be familiar to many in the Analytics Engineering community. It's a simple database, but the results are promising. The demo app gets a lot of queries right, and it does so without any database-specific logic.

The only input needed is a schema.yml file describing the tables and columns (which any dbt project would have) and 2 or 3 example queries, so I am hoping to open up testing to more data warehouses and users in the near future.

I hope you enjoy using the demo. If you have any feedback, ideas, or would like to test it out on your own data warehouse, my email is in my bio!

[0] https://openai.com/blog/openai-codex/
[1] https://copilot.github.com/
Teenage boys more at risk from vaccines than Covid, study finds
To expand on this, because it's actually fascinating...

Functors capture a particular pattern of "pipelining": a series of operations A -> B, B -> C, etc. can be uniformly assembled in the context of any arbitrary functor F, ultimately giving a unary pipeline `F A -> F C`. (I won't detail what this means completely; I'm going for a gut instinct in the following bit.)

But what if you have a binary function, (A1, A2) -> B? Functors only let you assemble unary operators; there's no provision for taking the outputs of two pipelines and weaving them together. Applicatives (or, "monoidal functors") give you an additional operator that let you turn a pair `(F A1, F A2)` into a contextual pair `F (A1, A2)`, which can then be fed to a unary pipeline. (In terms of pipe shapes, it's a Y-bend.)

Monads extend this in a less interesting way, but in the sense of "monadic" as "unary", functors are actually more monadic than monads!
You remind me of sheldon.
If it really has to be a vaccine, at least approve an inactive virus one like Sinopharm.

All the FDA approved vaccines use mRNA to generate proteins. (yes even J&J has custom mRNA code it's just a different delivery)

If you're going to mandate something I want multiple options with traditional technologies. I'd even pay $20k to import an inactive virus one. Oh well - I guess this is a good way to force me to quit my job and do a startup.
Independent mostly means politically unengaged
The Adfontes chart is clever, but I always thought it must be distorted in and of itself -- they seem afraid to label any right-leaning source as "fact reporting", and any left-leaning source as "contains misleading info". The split is very visible in their article rankings[0]. What I trust most is Pew Research's (they are fairly centrist [1]) examination of the partisanship of a news outlet's audience, see: https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2020/01/24/democrats-... (note that there are several pages. I've linked to page 2.)

Unfortunately, Pew's list is not consistently updated like the Adfontes chart and other media-bias checking sites.

[0]: https://adfontesmedia.com/interactive-media-bias-chart/

[1]: https://www.allsides.com/news-source/pew-research
I think that we are in agreement. Clearly right leaning voters self censored in 2016, leading to an outcome that was opposite of what the polls predicted. How big tech relates to that is that it magnifies the tendency to self censor opinions that differ from the tech companies’ preferences.
Or actually, replying to myself, this study maybe did tell us something: Most people say they need some leisure time, but would also like to do something productive with their lives, not just sit around all day doing nothing.

OK, fine, good to know I guess, that that's what most people want. I guess it's a kind of inspiring view of humanity, people want to do something useful.
in OO langauage:

Collection is a class, but not every class is Collection.
You see, there's a bit of irony here in characterizing jargon as gatekeeping, because in the author's attempt to distill it, some pretty critical stuff got lost in translation.

I share the sentiment that FP jargon can be impenetrable to the uninitiated, but the same can be said about programming jargon to non-techies: it may sound like gatekeeping to talk about "closures" but there's technical reasons why closures are called closures and global state being accessed by functions are not.

The same goes for FP. Saying `val => val + val` is a functor because it maps numbers to numbers isn't really correct: you could arguably only say that in an universe where `val + val` is the only possible operation, and even then, that's not really correct because the utility of the function is hardcoded (meaning that if we were to hypothetically introduce an axiomatic operation, the internal consistence of this new algebra would implode). In a more useful algebra in a regular universe, the mapping must hold for any valid operation for that type. So a functor for the `number` type ought to look more like something like `Number.prototype.map = function(f) {return f(this)}` (i.e. the mapping contract holds for addition, subtraction, and all other algebraic operations that are valid on numbers contained within `f`)

There are also practical technical things the article glossed over: Array.prototype.map is not monadic. The signature of the callback is `(T, number, Array<T>) => U`, which is most certainly not unary (and for that matter, using JS to illustrate FP is fundamentally problematic since JS isn't side-effect-free to begin with). If you think that's nitpicky, one fundamental thing with FP is that composition relies heavily on algebras not breaking on corner cases. This is why, for example, fantasy-land specifies a different method name for `map` (called `fantasy-land/map`); because `map` is already taken by Array and it breaks some composition patterns (notoriously, `[1,2,3].map(parseInt)`)
Most here probably don't remember the KIM-1 -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIM-1
Andrew Yang was smart and self-aware enough of his own political goals and the electoral reality of RCV to endorse Kathryn Garcia near the end of the NYC mayoral primary. I respected that.

In FPTP the spoiler effect is not just a bogeyman that the two dominant parties trot out to scare you into voting for them, it's a well-understood mathematical inevitability. Perot led to Clinton. Nader led to Bush II.

Any third party in America that reaches the brink of national prominence will be (and has been) counterproductive to its own professed aims. I think what is most relevant to Yang is that this is extremely understood in the hyperpartisan modern environment. See the conservative glee and support for Kanye West's 2020 campaign, and the liberal celebration at rumors that Donald Trump was starting a new political party.

Being extremely selective about where to run candidates and focusing on a handful of "non-partisan" issues (good luck) would help a lot. However, Yang's first hurdle will be be swimming upstream against potential allies who will not want to give "the other side" a win. I honestly don't think anyone can win that fight right now.
I… what? Is your position then that we should have this discussion using pre-computing word definitions only?

Edit: Oh I see the joke now.
For those having trouble with the URL, you can also use http://acolytehq.com
You could probably find snow reasonably close but it wouldn't be the same kind of snow you'd find in Antarctica. The interstate highways didn't exist until after WW2 and the road to Alaska was completed as part of WW2.
So monad is used to construct a new Type dynamically instead of writing it? And functor is also the same?
Can you show me where history says hard money is bad?

https://wtfhappenedin1971.com/

This makes a compelling case that abandoning hard money is exactly where we went off the rails and the money started flowing straight to the top.
Buy some, cold wallet it, forget about it.
I think Mozilla's translation system called Fluent can handle that.

https://projectfluent.org/
"Many"? How many? Source?
Why is there BBC pap on HN every day?
its sad. when Sun Yat-sen the father of modern China take on the Qing dynasty. Hong Kong was the base. It wasn't part of China and a lot of Chinese who is educated under the British rule understand what Sun try to achieve. a modern and free country. Hong Kong have been a base for a lot of progressive Chinese.

Now that Hong Kong is fully back into China and the 50 years of no changes (for Hong Kong) promised by Deng Xiaoping is gone with Xi, basically a emperor for life. There is no hope for China to turn into a democratic country.

Taiwan is the last place for the progressive Chinese. After Chiang's family, Taiwan have progressed to be the most democratic and open minded country. It elected a first female president in Taiwan, allowed gay marriage...etc. While American left Taiwan to have a business relationship with China (CCP) for more than 40 years.

I fear Taiwan will soon be conquered by China, not by force but suppression and economic ties. After Taiwan is gone, there is no more place for any open minded and progressive Chinese.
I'm listening to this now, midway between the french revolution (the third revolution in the series). It's good, I do recommend it.
meh, missed momentum
It's a bit early in the morning in Europe, so there are probably not a lot of users online, but since I'm awake anyway, I can give you my opinion: on one hand, there is definitely a sentiment that online hate is a problem and something needs to be done about it. On the other hand, I guess most would agree that this is an exaggerated response (probably the thinking behind it was: "we can't find all those other guys, but hey, this idiot actually confirmed it was his account, so let's make an example of him to show we are doing something about online hate"). But yeah, things like this happen.

A different example: there were some "creative" protests by environmentalists against the new "greenwashed" automobile fair IAA which has moved from Frankfurt to Munich since this year - defacing freeway signs etc.. Nine of the activists involved will be kept in "preventive custody" until the end of the fair (for one week) - https://twitter.com/mic_tra/status/1435529384174227459.
Every Dog Is a Rescue Dog
No explanation of the benefit doing squats, I am afraid.

My guess is increased BDNF and maybe neurogenesis(scientifically disputed)? I heard sleep is a mechanism in which the brain clear out debris, so that might be a potential benefit of doing squats.
It’s possible for a democratic political system to exist, and still prohibit insulting politicians. It’s quite possible to criticize any politician without resulting to ad hominem attacks. Even the former US Vice President Dick Cheney nearly faced consequences for violating senate rules by telling a senator to “go f___ himself.”
I feel like this generally applies to all software developers. Software and its systems have largely evolved through accretion and that creates a strong network effect and eventually, a taller application stack. We're continually making everything more complicated because it's just easier to use other people work, especially when the barrier to entry for that work is low, i.e: Web/JS.

As a slight segue, I recently came across Timothy Roscoe's Usenix talk[1] on OS development on HN and I'm starting to think that a complete rebuild of modern computing might occur when the limits of the old OS architectures become too burdensome, at which point there could be an opportunity to "fix" the application stack and try something simpler. I sincerely hope the OS's of the future do not look like Linux or even attempt POSIX compliance.

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36myc8wQhLo
You asked. I'm happy to dissect it to your level, but I don't know what you may be familiar with, and if you're not comfortable with type functions, I'm going to have a hard time motivating the extra bits a functor has.

The List functor is a combination of the type function sending `T` to `List<T>` and the ... what do you want me to call it, a function function? implemented in Java as:

static <T, S> Function<List<T>, List<S>> map(Function<T, S> f) {
return (ts) -> {
var ss = new ArrayList<S>();
for (final var t : ts) ss.add(f.apply(t));
return ss;
};
}

We call it as map(f).apply(ts). If we want to pass them both at once, we can rewrite the function so that it's not static, but it doesn't much change that it's a mapping operation.

But it's not the `map` method that's the important part, so much as the idea that we can (or want to; can't in Java) pass `List` to any function that needs a Functor, which can then use whatever `map` implementation that functor has, without knowing what actual type function it was given.

Really, I suspect it's neither the type constructor nor the map function that's the conceptual hurdle. It's abstracting over the type constructor; taking a type constructor as a parameter. You may have never used a language that supports that, or seen a need for it, and this may all seem like needless sophistry until you do.
Mandiant: CCP influence campaign prompting covid19 protests
> Sometimes it makes me mad that so much confusion (and as another commenter put it, gatekeeping) has been sown in FP circles through the invention of pointlessly-obfuscated terminology for everything

That's only Haskell. The other FP languages have sane communities.
As another commenter pointed out, the key is to use an example as a starting point and then refine from there. "X is like Y, but different in these ways". Comparisons don't muddy the waters; they give people a quantum-leap from 0% understanding to 70% or 90% understanding, from which point the remaining gap can be filled in at the usual rate. To ignore this is to ignore human nature.
Is there an explanation somewhere of why there are two cameras? Different focal lengths? 3d photos? Bracketing for HDR?
Things can fail open, a screwdriver can't. What's wrong with putting a dead short once across a capacitor? I've been doing it for 40 years in the interest of safety. Usually the bleeders are done and nothing happens anyway.
That was sarcasm mate.
I'm aware the dosage in the covid vaccines is high compared to others and was leaning on the upper edge of dosage. Which for adults maybe fine mostly, though could well be a factor for teenagers and a smaller dosage may well be far better for them. After all the average adults immune system operates a lot slower than a teenagers.
Why many scientists say it’s unlikely that SARS-CoV-2 originated from a lab leak
It's not a question of logic but a question of connotation.
Tencent Leads $60B Loss as Game Crackdown Expands
Note that different people have different criteria for a coup.

For example, in the US in Jan 2021, there was a riot that some call a coup, and some do not.

Brazil might also count. I am not aware of the details.
Thanks, I try not to follow the news too closely because I think that's healthier.
> [Electron] can’t […] render smooth 144Hz animations

Hmm? I’m on a 165Hz screen, Arch Linux/Sway, and Firefox and Chromium both do 165Hz just fine¹, both with CSS animations and with JavaScript requestAnimationFrame. I would expect Electron to behave the same way.

To be sure, you’ll have to be a tad more careful at higher frame rates, but my point is that it can render smooth 144Hz animations.

—

¹ When run under Wayland; XWayland is apparently still locked to 60Hz.
It's possible, and for 15 years I've been saying it'll be here in 20... so 5 more to go.
Freedom is harder to find than health, and the lack of it and the fight for it has certainly cost far more lives than this pandemic could, even without a vaccine. Additionally, places with greater freedom correspond to places with greater wealth and hence, greater health. There is more societal good in freedom than a vaccine. It’s possible to stand up for the good of both without denigrating one or the other, because they’re not really relevant to each other... until mandates and vaccine passports come in.

However, I agree that many people refusing the vaccine aren’t doing it based on sound reasoning (beyond the freedom argument) or are well informed on the matter. Again, however, the government and media have the lion’s share of responsibility here, they haven’t been honest nor transparent, and they’ve politicised things that should never be political - just think “Trump”, “hydroxychloroquine”, and “the Lancet” and you’ll get an immediate insight into where the lack of trust comes from, and those no shortage of examples (this week’s is “Joe Rogan” and “ivermectin”, can we just wait for a larger scale study to come in before rubbishing this stuff?)
The full quote:

> Leiderman, who’s survived by his nine-year-old son Lydon, died of an apparent heart attack on Tuesday, his brother Craig said in a brief statement. Ventura’s medical examiner said an exact cause of death would likely take months to certify.
This is largely because in modern mathematics, people ignore or won't build on proofs that are too complicated for them to follow, and rely heavily on trust and networking effects for the remaining proofs that are too useful to ignore. Plenty of results (including big results) are published in mathematical journals each year, which are "known" to be flawed or sketchy, but never have a formal rebuttal, and if you want to build on a proof that doesn't have much followup work, and are having trouble understanding its argument, you're expected to ask around and find out whether the proof is worth pursuing or not. Proof assistants would enable people to trust much more complex proofs from much more junior mathematicians, rather than essentially requiring the community to reprove the same results over and over until they're satisfied, and IMO this is holding back mathematics more than many mathematicians realize.
> `a -> b -> f a -> f b`

(a -> b) -> F a -> F b; the parentheses are critical. I don't fully disagree with your point, but if you're going to emphasize rigor and definitions, it would be wise to make sure you're not setting people on the fence up for mistakes akin to those in the original post.

(You also called it `F` and then used it as `f`.)
I had not realized the 4-dimensional case was so hard that the much more famous 3-dimensional case was "another" contender for the hardest. I had thought it was sort of like the 4 color map theorem on stereoids, where first it was proved in 5+ dimensions (Smale, 1961), then 4 dimensions (Freedman, 1982), and finally 3 (Perelman, 2006), getting harder and harder at each step.
Lisp won't work in software like HaProxy, which needs to be highly highly performant.
You said

"if a bank has $1 million in deposits (of actual cash that people gave to the bank to put in their checking accounts) the bank can make $10 million in loans"

What I say is that it can only make more that $900k in loans _if_ the deposits held at the bank grow above $1m. Which doesn’t normally happen when lending because the most likely outcome is that the borrower takes the money out of the bank.

The reserves of the bank go down in that case, don’t you agree? They are just $100k after the $900k loan is made (and transferred away). $100k are the minimal reserves required when a bank has $1m in deposits.

Again, an individual bank is not the same as the banking system as a whole.

And I don’t quite get your remark about reserves. What I called “reserves” could be entirely held at the central bank (or in the vaults!) if the bank wanted to. Do you have an issue with those balance sheets?
Not exactly. When using the I/O monad in a pure language like Haskell, your code doesn't directly have side effects, instead you're building a container (a monad) of instructions of what side effect having operations to do, and what should be done with the results. The Haskell runtime then takes this monad and unwraps it layer by layer, each layer executing the side effect having instruction and using the results of the side effects as input for unwrapping the next layer.

You could argue that because of this system the language itself is pure and without side effects and without mutation.

Note that the effect of this system is exactly the same as a language that does have side effects. They are functionally identical. The nicety of Haskell's purity comes from how the monads allow you to organize your code.

By the way, not sure if this is controversial but JavaScript's I/O system is a lot like the I/O monad. I/O doesn't really get executed immediately, and you can't directly operate on the results of I/O. The runtime executes the I/O after all JavaScript's been executed, and you use callbacks to tell the runtime to do whenever the I/O data returns.

Of course JavaScript does allow for mutation, so it's not pure in that sense.
Got vaccinated but it looks like long covid was unavoidable all along thanks to my generation's willingness embrace and celebrate big govt.
Palo Alto office space climbs to $6.38 per sqft per month
Visualize how prices for office space in the Bay Area and cities like SF and Manhattan has risen in the last year
My point was what if you split it in half, and you only succeed in making one half arrive at the impact site slightly faster than the other half, instead of changing either direction at all?