skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
“BIOS” is really just a bunch of drivers in ROM chips somewhere.

Thing is, most devices you actually don’t need special drivers because they are so standardized. Mice and keyboards are USB HID. There are a handful of ways you typically interact with storage, like using SCSI. Surprisingly, a lot of storage devices are actually SCSI, in some form or another.

One of the big problems is that drivers are going to closely interact with other operating system services, like memory allocators or the scheduler. The interface has gotten a lot more complicated over the years. And the semantics that operating systems present to the user are sometimes different in significant ways. Back in the BIOS days, what you could do through the BIOS was rapidly falling behind what you could do with a proper driver.

To pick on the filesystem example, there are some fairly major differences between Windows and Linux/macOS/BSD filesystems APIs from the developer perspective. Windows has mandatory locks and files are identified by name. On Linux/macOS/BSD, there's more of a separation between a file and its name—files do not even need to have names at all, and locks are advisory. For this and other reasons, there are some boundaries between files you use in WSL and files you use in Windows.

I’m just very skeptical here that you could introduce another layer between devices and the OS, that would be thinner and more direct than using a hypervisor, more flexible than just using a standard protocol (like USB HID) which your OS already supports, and work with multiple operating systems.
Cool, so malnourishment throughout life will only account for at most a 30% decline. Or is that "inherited" because it's environmental, but determined by parents?
>20k RPS.

If this metric is what you are chasing, there are ways to reliably break 1 million RPS using a single box if you don't play the shiny BS tech game. The moment you involve multiple computers and containers, you are typically removed from this level of performance. Going from 2,000 to 2,000,000 RPS (serialized throughput) requires many ideological sacrifices.

Mechanical sympathy (ring buffers, batching, minimizing latency) can save you unbelievable amounts of margin and time when properly utilized.
Eclipse is the new Emacs. 8GB and swapping. ;)
Would be nice to have a Mac version of that.
Likewise a "Darwin award" only makes sense if you know intelligence is heritable.
>I'd prefer it to be a separate independent component [...] with a different internal architecture [...] and a separate governance

Not sure I understand this, do you mean you would use something that had the exact same feature set, if the internal architecture was different and if someone else was maintaining it? What would be the point of that? Are there some performance or security improvements to the architecture that were suggested upstream that they aren't doing?

>narrower scope

Not sure I understand this either, the scope of journald is actually quite small, there are many syslog implementations that are bigger and have a lot more features.
I'm not sure the assumption that the comment above you is somewhat delusional is not necessarily reasonable here. I do think its that people are interpreting "everyone" differently.

To me, 'everyone' does not mean literally every person but rather the vast majority. Whether this number is 95% or 90% is going to be interpreted differently. I think nearly all of us can agree that as intelligence falls on a bell curve there will always be those unfortunate enough to not be able to do certain tasks. However the nature of the bell curve does mean that around 90% of people are above ~80 IQ.
But what would you do if you were them? You solved 95% of the problem, you are left with 5% that are extremely hard. Would you throw a large amount of resources to solve that? And, given that you basically deal with probabilities and that the system will never work 100% anyway, and that even one mistake of that kind will cause uproar - is there any other feasible solution?
That's the raison d'être of nginx, so it is performant for this kind of thing. However, the advantage of a CDN is that they have points of presence around the world, so your user in Singapore doesn't have to do a trip around the world to get to your nginx on a physical box in Lisbon.
Relevant Twitter threads:

https://twitter.com/ZenOfDesign/status/1369336758211608583

https://twitter.com/kurtmargenau/status/1369342602177220609
If you would be so kind to explain to me why I should believe you, a random person on the internet claiming to be a "scientist" who "spends a lot of time thinking" about this subject, over thousands of peer reviewed research articles and case studies stating that even if genetics is a factor in intelligence then it is so closely tied to other causal factors that it is effectively impossible to control for, then I am happy to listen.

So please, I am begging you, tell me why I should believe you over everyone else.
Fantastic news. Does anyone know if there is a UI for it? I know this was discussed in the Dec 2019 thread but that's a while ago now.
It’s based on visual studio.
Its incredible to think the shape was only discovered in the last few years and not earlier in computing history (80s/90s or earlier). Just goes to show there is still much to be discovered.

This is what I come to hacker news for!
The Crypto-Currency Seastead
You are misunderstanding. Calculus is just a placeholder for something that requires a particular level of intelligence.

It's about whether it's possible or not, not whether you actually do learn the thing.

Someone with an IQ of 120 may not ever learn calculus, but they probably have the ability to do so. You cannot say the same of someone with an IQ of 80.
Manara (YC W21) is hiring a head of marketing
Are additional RAM gigabytes anything important for a switch? Especially one that delivers on the parameters?

Does BPI-R2 actually supports those distributions, or rather those distributions "can run" on that hardware? That's a difference. OpenWRT can be run on Mikrotik, yet Mikrotik doesn't support that. OpenBSD runs on Edgerouter, yet I doubt they support that. Will anyone that I will buy BPI-R2 from, fix my "normal distribution" if it fails to detect some hardware, or with a failed upgrade?

It's an awesome device but I think we are confusing a few important things here. Like the word "support" for a start.
Because unlike in a Ponzi scheme, the US government can simply choose to create more money, thus meeting the obligations of its payments.

A Ponzi scheme involves pretending a balance exists when there isn't one. When the gov't says "we will give you dollars later" and they give you dollars later, you might complain in the theoretical universe where the dollars aren't worth much/at all, but they can indefinitely match your bargain.

You can choose to opt out of this system! Go into the countryside, barter for everything. But perhaps, perhaps, there is a reason that economies that have fiscal flexibility flourish and economies that are pegged to some other store of value they don't control have bigger problems resolving economic issues.
That's an interesting figure they've got!

Observations (based on the figure alone):

1. White-Males had the lowest college-enrollment-rates across all categories. They got the lowest in the two lowest income-brackets; basically a three-way tie in the next income-bracket; and just a little higher than Hispanic-Males in the highest income-bracket.

2. Asians had the highest enrollment-rates across all income-brackets.

3. Asians were relatively constant in their enrollment-rates, regardless of income or gender, always above 70%. (Always above ~83%, if excluding the lowest income-bracket.) The gender-gap still leaned toward Asian-Females over Asian-Males, but not by much.

4. Blacks varied heavily by income. Blacks had pretty low enrollment-rates in the lowest income-bracket, but got some of the highest enrollment-rates in the higher income-brackets (after Asians).

5. Black-Females had an odd pattern-deviation: like Black-Males, their enrollment-rates increased dramatically with family-income, getting the highest non-Asian enrollment-rate by the second-highest income-bracket. But then, oddly, their enrollment-rate fell by ~8% from the second-highest to the highest income-bracket.

6. Hispanics were pretty consistent with Whites, especially for Males. For Females, Whites had higher rates in the lowest income-bracket, while Hispanics had somewhat higher rates in all other income-brackets.

7. Ignoring race, enrollment-rates increased significantly with family-income.

8. Ignoring race, enrollment-rates were much higher for Females than Males across all income-brackets.
It's a very reasonable ask. I'm not on my work computer, and anyway I don't have the classic papers at the tip of my tongue, so I'd have to look them up. So I guess I've got nothing for you but an apology. Perhaps when the sun rises.
Completely disagree. How would you do it in a simpler way, while keeping the features like redundancy ( including storage), logs, metrics, etc?
Yes they suppressed any possible investigation by removing any possible proof and silencing every single witness, quite clever from them. But also a big reason why that doesn't went along is because that's not only a Chinese issue, at this point is quite public who hired those labs...
Detecting body pose, hand pose, and face landmarks using Vision framework
"... Citizen Lab researchers and others suggest that Apple should simply provide an option to disable iMessage entirely."

You can do this already. If you "manage" your iphone with Apple Configurator you have fine-grained control over every little thing it does. You can disable imessage (and many other things like the app store, etc.)
> Phone numbers are becoming increasingly useless.

Not really, there's a ton of government services that require you to have a phone number (depending on where you live). I don't see any real suggestion for an alternative to having a phone number. If nothing else, to receiving notification. You can't really rely on iMessage, WhatsApp, Signal and similar services, you need one system that you're sure will cover 98% for all people. 3. parties can't even integrate into many of these services.

You could use email, but I don't really see how that's any better and many seniors will use SMS, but not email to any great extend.

SMS is still the only unified messaging service you can be sure that all your friends and family will have.
Congress could, tomorrow, choose to just take control of the fed if it was being such a problem. They have done things to this effect many times in the past!
But why only calculus? Why the focus on a single subject? This is a very limited view of intelligence.
That is not, in fact, what "thousands of peer reviewed research articles" state. You might be confusing the % of variance we can predict from genetics (e.g., knowing your ATGCATAGCCGTAG code), which at present is maybe 4%(?), with what we can show is due to heritability (70-80%). We didn't even know about DNA when people started measuring this kind of stuff with twin studies in the early 20th century.

So, to reiterate because I'm realizing that para wasn't so clear: guessing how smart you are based on your genetic code is something we're only just learning how to do. We're getting better at it though. Estimating how smart you are based on how smart your parents are is a totally different game that we've been playing for a century.
I sort of agree, but I think in the end, your recovery thing will have to include the decoder and that's it.

As I recall, there were two reasons for the binary format - a signing scheme to make it tamper proof and more metadata on each log entry.
I don't really get this line of reasoning. If the Founding Fathers were in favor of immigration, but in practice their immigration policy was racist, shouldn't the conclusion be that if we want to adhere to the spirit of their policies that we ought to favor immigration but discard the outmoded racist views?
I don't understand. Why is 2k requests/sec supposed to be massive?

Try this yourself: write a simple web server in Go, host it on a cheap VPS provider, let's say at the option that costs $20/mo. Your website will be able to handle more than 1k/s requests with hardly any resource usage.

ok, let's assume you're doing some complicated things.

So what? You can scale vertically, upgrade to the $120/mo server. Your website now should be able to comfortably handle 5k req/s

Looking at the website itself, mangadex.org, it doesn't even host the manga itself. The whole website is just an index that links to manga on external websites. All you are doing is storing metadata and displaying it as a webpage. The easiest problem on the web.

So, I really don't understand the premise behind the whole post.

The problem statement is:

> In practice, we currently see peaks of above 2000 requests every single second during prime time.

This is great in terms of success as a website, but it's underwhelming in terms of describing a technical problem.
The problem isn't rewarding people for being smarter, it's predatory practices to take advantage of people who don't know any better, or leaving those who will never be smart enough for a really good job to rot in minimum wage hell.
To be fair, I know quite a bit about how social sciences are done, and most of such research is not reproducible. Nine out of ten social scientists know barely enough statistics to p-hack the outcome into what they want to believe in the first place.

I am sure that if first order effects of genes is allowed, you get a never-ending stream of “tall people are diligent”, “blonde people are empathetic” and similar false results that are not only useless, but also might upset general public or sponsors.
... I hit refresh 3 times (so I saw 4 fake cakes).

Not one of them looked like a photo of a cake. They all had glaring weird areas that are just a mess of blurred pixels.
People confuse performance (CPU) and throughput (IO). The reason CPU usage is undervalued is that it's simply not the bottleneck typically. Very few people actually have the challenge of having millions of requests per minute. The people that do, can scale horizontally by just throwing load balancers and cheap vms at the problem. That gets you both bandwidth, memory, and CPU. Scaling horizontally is very competitive with whatever cleverness engineers can provide to reduce the need for that. Engineers cost a lot more to scale than VMs.

We all love to optimize but there is a point of diminishing returns. Scaling a cheap vm with CPU credits (i.e. it's not even supposed to have double digit CPU usage other than for short bursts) costs nothing compared to the salary involved with e.g. making something like that 2x or 3x faster. And the yields are terrible too, even if you succeed.

Say you are running 12 vms costing about 20/month. That should get you some CPU and modest amount of memory and would be something appropriate for a web server. Twelve of these means you have fail-over, multiple availability zones, and possibly even regions. Going from 12 to 6 would be a nice cost saving of about 120/month. Except now you have less bandwidth to go around and maybe a bit less resilience. That's a decent but not amazing freelance rate per hour. If you spend a week on implementing this, the return on investment (i.e. your time) would be 40 months (assuming an unreasonable 40 hour work week), or about 3 years a and a bit before you earn back the expense of your time. Now say that instead of spending that time, you simply scale to 24 servers: i.e. you double your cost from 240 to 480 per month. Or about four hours of your hypothetical hourly rate. Or about half a day. So a week of your time still adds up to nearly a year of simply running at 2x the capacity.

If you are any good, your rate might be higher and the tradeoff is even worse. Not even worth having meetings about. Using C for this stuff means hiring more expensive C developers and making a bad deal even worse. The smart way to get performance is to have those C developers work on the OSS infrastructure we all love to use. It will trickle down and get us decent performance elsewhere. Nodejs is actually built on lot of C/C++ libraries and benefits from a lot of cumulative optimizations that have gone into these libraries. That's why it is so competitive in this space. There are a gazillion other languages to consider with similarly good enough performance and throughput. C is a last resort when performance wins over security and stability concerns. Sometimes it does, but mostly it doesn't make sense from a cost point of view.
my mistake, missed that.
I started programming with a friend, I remember our first Js and PHP, he got stuck often, stopped for months while I was getting some first contracts, he was in awe about it and I thought he is hopeless, he always kept saying we will make it. He continued to go to local meetings where most people used phyton,c ,anything but what we used. Then I moved away, couple years later, he informed me he is some sort of full stack engineer at IBM, still is.
That was a big lesson to never judge one based on early results. This guy didn't understand function arguments and how return works for a long time.
I was bad at geometry initially as well, but with the help and encouragement of teachers, i managed to improve beyond class average.
Some other topics, there was no help nor will and I stayed well below average.
Motivation and dedication and external factors like help can neutralize intelligence adv/disavantages at times, seen it happening over and over.
NBA 2K22 Ratings: Most overrated players in this years game
> So cool — genetics matter, just like education, nutrition, social situation, security of ones environment etc — but what do we do with this?

Not claim that everything is due to a secret cabal of structural racism/sexism/hate on the poor? As long as you have that as your perfect explanation for the state of the world, you won't really make a difference, because you're attacking the wrong issue.
Assuming the system is online, and you have a regular GPS fix accurate to say 10 meters, you only need to download data of that 10 meter circle.
> They're doing okay on the TFR front compared to South Korea, Taiwan, or Japan.

According to highly suspect official Chinese statistics.

> The misallocation of resources associated with the debt fueled fever is a spent cost.

It’s not a sunken cost because it’s ongoing and must be ongoing as if it ended the whole Chinese economy would sink.

> They can deal with the population pyramid by letting the old be poor.

They’re not exactly rich to begin with. Or by poor do you mean let them starve? Nor is that a recipe for staving off revolution!
I get this, but my website is 150kb on first load with a stale cache, most of which is a ~50kb JS blob, ~10kb CSS blob and ~80kb of fonts. All these static resources are served from the cloud edge with Cloudflare and aggressively cached in the browser. (All quantities gzipped.) Subsequent pages are typically less than 10kb and are served from a geographic location near to 80% of my country-specific audience.

The reality is my site (a discussion forum) has a substantially smaller footprint than just about any other similar site, let alone most Wordpress templates.

The size of jQuery is, for me, outstanding value for the efficiencies it gives me. I have not checked out Cash but the main reason I use jQuery is for the ajax scaffolding which most alternatives don't offer.
Non-cookiewalled: https://text.npr.org/1034556269
Forever Virus – A Strategy for the Long Fight Against Covid-19
This has been the same story with all ARM boards for at least a decade. They have promising specs, atrocious linux support, and it never improves no matter what. Get a x86 APU2 and just run mainline linux on it, they're the same price as the ARM board but have perfect compatibility with everything.

https://pcengines.ch/apu2.htm
Saying "HN crowd" is so broad (and wrong) that you can invent any irony you like.
The world of scanlations is always on edge. Usually, when publishers announce official translations of manga titles, fans drop translations of this title. It's not rare that publishers hire fans who were translating this title before for free as an official team.

To be more precise, the real reason why such sites are alive is that they delete titles that got licenses in Europe and the USA. Still, publishers can measure the popularity of titles and buy legal rights to publish it, because it's popular enough. It's harder to find manga "raws" than translated versions.

And by that, they're not 100% "illegal" for the western world, and asian companies are not so interested in fighting with scanlations because they need to combat piracy in their part of the world.
Standard protocols between hardware and operating system drivers are the way to go, then you get to implement drivers for each hardware class (mouse, disk, keyboard etc) once and use all new hardware, instead of having the hardware vendor need to write new proprietary blobs for every new piece of hardware and every OS.

For example I read on LWN that hardware vendors are starting to look at Linux virtio for hardware agnostic protocols.

https://lwn.net/Articles/805235/
They don't; what do you think it would mean for two different languages to "share a written language"? Everyone is trained to read and write Mandarin; writing other dialects is not encouraged.

But more than that, China is hard at work at ensuring that all Chinese speak Mandarin.
There is more to it that http request response. Mangadex also need to store a lot of images and distribute them.
>Unix generally has the correct basis for the design.

I can't disagree with this more, Unix is broken in so many ways and its designs continuously cause me pain. I would not describe a modern Linux or BSD as "simple", maybe the core of it is, but to actually build a modern OS there are so many layers on top of it. And when you do that, the crumminess of the foundation really starts to stand out.
I agree, just had to read the article again, and took it as a fancy way of wasting money really.
Any good recommendations for learning to play poker? At some point I would like to learn.
The First Soviet in Ireland
Mutation Testing with Pitest
Not the parent commenter but I think they’re suggesting that the degree may not be the cause of the increase in earnings, but rather that the people who get college degrees have attributes (e.g. intelligence, work ethic, good K12 education, wealthy parents) that would lead them to out-earn their peers even without a degree.

To be clear, I don’t buy that argument. Obviously those factors explain some of the difference, but I think most of the highest-paying jobs in STEM and many of the highest-paying jobs in other fields (e.g. business/finance) require skills that would be hard to reliably obtain without a college degree or something similar.
"exactly how many"--I have no idea. I didn't mean to put those studies down, the statistical trickery can be quite cool! Hard to do right, though.
Shopee may enter Poland to start its European expansion
Sadly not a lot of people share this opinion.
Given the complexity of the solutions employed in this space and the task we’re trying to get them to solve (or perhaps, the solutions we’re looking for problems to) I’m not that surprised.

Taken to the extreme, AI code is essentially something like:

add(M, N) {
return M + N + rand();
}

In addition, being tested with a (in relation to the complete set) very small set of input data.
> Nah he's evil and needs to be stripped of any power he has

How did we get here? Someone expresses an opinion about stopping the killing of human beings is now labelled "evil".
> Imagine instead that each program controls a special area under /proc/(pid)/ which behave like tmpfs to that program: named interfaces are subdirectories, messages are files.

This is basically how Plan 9 works (or so I’ve heard).
Yeah, but just man up and handle it. That's non-toxic.