skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I think this thread is a decent refutation that the CI lower bound was at 0:

"First, the 11% reduction comes from a 30% increase in mask-use. The IV estimate (naively scaling things linearly) would thus be more like a 37% reduction in COVID from going from zero to universal masking."

"Second, we find much larger effects among the elderly (a 35% reduction among 60+ without the above scaling). This suggests that the total reduction in morbidity and mortality from universal masking may be considerably larger than even the 37% number, perhaps more than 50%."

"Third, it's not quite an apples to apples comparison because we are estimating the community impact of masks, whereas the vaccine studies only isolate the individual protective effect. The efficacy of vaccines at the population level may be larger than trials imply."

https://twitter.com/Jabaluck/status/1433129444940599296
is that like stop signs saying arret when in france they say "stop"?
> There is a conflict between health on the one side and civil liberties/privacy on the other.

That's utterly inane no matter how many people believe it. Where I'm from it's illegal to drive drunk, drive faster than the speed limit, shoot guns in the air. Why is you walking around spreading a virus to defenseless people any different?

It isn't.
I’ve never used an asus laptop, but I’ve had a really bad time with their customer support when trying to get a motherboard replaced under warranty.
That was nice. You can still see, though, the initial hesitancy to let the baker run with the idea. We're pretty funny as a group where we push back hard on our customers that want to peer into details. But we tend to not return the favor to other fields of expertise when we need their help. I've noticed physicians and pilots are often the same way.
Let's say there are three parties:

Group [A] are the end users

Group [B] is a software company

Group [C] is a provider of non-fungible data

[A] needs to access the information provided by [C]

[C] wants to facilitate this, so they contract with [B] to build an exclusive software mechanism to do so.

[C] believes this solution provides a competitive advantage, and requires [B] to perform work under an NDA.

In this situation, [A] doesn't have a choice between FOSS/proprietary. They have a choice between getting the information they need or not getting it. Even if there is a FOSS solution that does a similar functions as the software built by [B], it is not useful to [A], because it cannot provide the information from [C]
This is truly great news, as we've need some controlled studies.

However, _mandates_, literally threatening people with police violence, bodily or financial harm, is not the correct way forward.

I think the best solution is improved mandates for airflow. It's a lot easier to improve airflow in a building than it is to police and enforce a mask mandate.
RAID-1, RAID-10, RAID-5, RAID-6, etc. none offer protection against an accidental `rm -rf`.

With that in mind, the NAS is not the backup. Once a file is deleted, it's gone.

With regard to recovering from a RAID-5 dual disk failure, typically a USB 2x sata toaster is enough to connect the failed disk and the replacement disk to a system that can run a ddrescue to clone the failed disk. Often times disks that are ejected from a RAID array still have enough life left to copy data off very slowly (over several tries/passes)

For backup, a simple solution is connecting very large external USB3 disk(s) and running daily rsync hardlink backups. There are several scripts to do this, and it's quite low effort to maintain after its set up.
EDIT: Woops, read wrong. Lemme post the quote instead.

> The observers found that just over 13% of people in the villages that received no interventions wore a mask properly, compared with more than 42% of people in the villages where each household received free masks and in-person reminders to wear them

So an increase of 13% masking to 42% masking led to an 11% effective drop in COVID19 spread. So even though 70% of people weren't affected (either the 13% who wore a mask anyway, or the 60% of people who ignored the mask advice), you still had a measurable decrease in COVID19 spread.

Which means masking mandates / masking propaganda works. Even with the huge number of people who ignore it, its still an effective means to cut down on COVID19 spread.
> From the point of view of the privacy of your photos, I fail to see what the difference between the two is.

Good point. The question is privacy "from whom". For me, privacy "from apple" means mostly from malicious individuals working for Apple (indeed, if you have an iPhone running proprietary Apple software, you could never truly have privacy from Apple the corporation).

There are documented cases of employees at various cloud services[0] using their positions of power to spy on users of said services. Performing on-server scanning implies that servers regularly decrypt users' encrypted data as a routine course (or worse, never encrypt it in the first place), which provides additional attack vectors for such rogue employees.

On the other hand, taking the on-device scanning as described, the on-device scanning process couldn't be possibly used as an attack vector by a rogue employee, since Apple employees do not physically control your device. Maybe an attack vector here involves changing the code and pushing a malicious build, which is a monumentally difficult task (and already an attack vector today).

[0] https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/07/12/exclusive-extrac...
Many problems have come from people conflating "task management" with "project management".

If you've got a team of people that need a lot of hand-holding, the two can be the same. In most cases though there is a lot of experience on the team. In that case task management too easily becomes micromanaging.

What is needed instead is managing against milestones and trusting your team members to execute against it. Some team members can be trusted on certain tasks more than others, but the solution is closely monitoring those that need support, not forcing task tracking across the entire team.
Unfortunately, all of academia is like this now. The most successful PIs are the best marketers of work produced by an army of grad students recruited for their cheap labor costs more than their future in the academic world.
I think there's an unspoken assumption that photos are only the first part of this scanning exercise. IMO, Apple will likely end up scanning all content you choose to put on their servers.

Tangentially, I think keeping their servers clear of illegal material is actually Apple's main motivation. This, in turn, supports claims made by nay-sayers that Apple could scan for other types of images/content in more repressive countries (but not necessarily report the people who did it). However, this assumption also contradicts arguments that Apple will start scanning for pictures of (e.g.) drugs, or weapons. Such images are not inherently illegal and therefore of no interest to Apple.
Except that was not what was tested. Here is what they did:

>No-cost free masks distribution - One-third of the intervention villages received a cloth mask and two-thirds of the intervention villages received a surgical mask[5] during household distribution and distribution at marketplaces and other public locations weekly or every fortnight. Masks were also distributed at mosques on three Fridays during the first four weeks of the intervention.

>Offering information on mask-wearing - Along with the distribution, the research team showed a brief video of notable public figures discussing why, how, and when to wear a mask. The video featured the Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina, the head of the national Imam Training Academy, and the national cricket star Shakib Al Hasan. During the distribution visit, households also received a brochure based on WHO materials depicting proper mask wearing.

>Reinforcement in-person and in public - In an effort to create a social norm, mask promoters encouraged non-mask wearers to wear a mask, providing a mask if the individual did not have one. Mask promoters also played public service announcements in public areas using handheld microphones.

>Modeling and endorsement by trusted leaders. - Religious leaders (imams) discussed the importance of mask-wearing at Friday prayers from a scripted speech provided by the research team.

This is a test of the effectiveness of these public policies and not the effectiveness of masks in general.
And then see this response to that claim by one of the study's authors: https://mobile.twitter.com/Jabaluck/status/14331294449405992...
Yep they’ll just quietly backdoor it in next time.
Love this book. Reading this book's depiction of Jean-Louis Gassée was a major deflection point in my life.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Louis_Gassée

Trying to emulate Gassée, my team and peers, knowing my true nature, thought I had gone insane.

I continued to read his opinions. http://www.mondaynote.com Agree or disagree, I appreciate his heterodoxy, challenging my own assumptions and views.

Guy Kawasaki, not so much.
Interesting, but in the first one I clicked on, "T distribution", there should be more explanation. It says only "The t distribution depends on one parameter.". I would say, "The shape of the t distribution depends on one parameter, the degrees of freedom, which controls the kurtosis. As df approaches infinity the t distribution approaches the normal distribution."
alternate hypothesis is statistically insignificant. with a 300k sample size a p-value 0.04. damn.
No, the hashes are visual hashes. It is completely possible that a clean shaven adult taking pictures of themselves could get flagged.
Do not disagree at all. I almost always lean towards readability so I can make the next poor soul understand it (usually me 6 months from now). I once ended up with one of those 'clever' bits of code. It was the best solution because of the constraint we were in. But a co-worker (who helped create it) put it best 'no damn way are any of us going to be able to figure that out 6 months from now'. He was perfectly right, and it did take me 2 days to untangle it about a year later. That was comment time to for future me to put in what was this thing doing and why it worked the way it did (lesson learned).

Getting that 'terse'/'readable' balance right can be tricky. Usually if some code is 'hard to read' it usually means it needs a bit of refactoring to shorten/length it up and make clear (with comments) what each bit is doing. You go drop something like duffs device into the middle of a parser you should put a comment on that. As not everyone has heard of it. If the code is going to be used a couple of times a year and if it takes an extra 15 seconds, so what. Comment it with 'hey this would be a good spot for duffs device?'. Most of the type of code I write these days runs so rarely and can take a bit of extra time. I am also working with jr devs who may or may not have read up on every cool trick. I am also playing with some code I got from the net. Some of these things have 5 page long functions, yep... totally lost in abstraction.
I got a recruiting email from Atlassian once. I basically responded, "Have you ever used your product?"
Jira is expertly designed to do one thing well: close sales

It ticks all of the boxes and more boxes than its competitors in customers' managements' requirements spreadsheet, it's priced to sell well, there is an ecosystem and a marketplace, and the sales demos show that all of this works smoothly.

We should be praising Atlassian for following the UNIX philosophy, not condemning it.
Just declare phentanyl a schedule 1 drug. There, fixed that for ya. OK not, but that is the required first step.
Scumm etc are only writing the game in their own language, not the entire engine. The engine remains in C/asm/whatever.
Thanks for not accusing them of being a shill, but the problem with this sort of wariness is that you can’t make certain arguments, or even ask certain questions, without people thinking you might be a shill.

You can’t figure out what’s really going on in the world by making meta-arguments about who benefits. Meta-arguments aren’t evidence.

(It is true, though, that in a forum where we don’t know each other, there is a lack of trust for good reasons. Which is why it’s good to post links to more trustworthy sources.)
there is also rancher desktop and minikube podman-env that will both work fine as alternatives to docker desktop.
Libby and digital libraries are great, when they have what you want to read. Terrence Wise, Medieval Warfare (1973)? Don't be silly. (Picked it up at a used book store, weirdly.) John Guilmartin, Gunpowder & Galleys: Changing Technology & Mediterranean Warfare at Sea in the 16th Century (2003)? (Managed to order it for a reasonable price from Amazon UK.) Nope. Max Hastings, Operation Pedestal (2020)? None of the library systems I have access to have it. (Audible. Really good, so far.) All of the recent, popular fiction? Sure, although you may have to wait several months to get it.

I get that the library systems are limited by their budgets and have to prioritize what the majority of their patrons want. But back in the depths of last year, everyone was saying, "You can get all the books you want digitally!" No, no you can't.
also classic project management is very bad at expressing the overall spec of a new product, doesn't support the estimation process for complex things or ones requiring coordination, and aren't good at expressing inter-person or inter-team blockers
It's surprising to me that cloth masks can't even do the 11% of surgical masks. Which isn't much, but surgical masks are non-optimal for many reasons. Not to mention that this doesn't seem the same as "while wearing a surgical mask you only get 11% increase in protection" but is a population-level thing. There was still non-compliance that presumably lowered the efficacy. I would've intuitively guessed that the better fit of cloth masks would make them better, but presumably the mask surface of a surgical mask has properties that offset that?

Would be great to see numbers for N95 masks. Intuitively I'd assume they'd be much more effective as they have better fit + higher filtration, but of course, confirmation would be great.

Fits with what we're seeing in Europe such as airlines banning cloth masks, though.

The great incoherent idiocy of anti-* Americans on the issue of masks has always been that they say "cloth masks are ineffective" and propose a solution of "do nothing" instead of "get effective masks."
> As a software author, they are "my files" as long as I am responsible for them.

As a software author, you are only responsible for those files insofar as the user allows you to be. The user still owns those files and can do whatever they want with them.

If they have damaged the files your software uses, that's on them, not you; you are not responsible for that, unless it was your software that did it.

Also, it should be pretty simple for a piece of software to tell the user why it can't open a file it needs to open, including a damaged header, a wrong suffix or filename, or a file not being in the correct directory. If the user caused the problem, telling them the problem should make it easy for them to fix it.

In addition to that, if software does not have flexibility in where they put files (such as using environment variables), I would argue that that rigidity does, in fact, impinge on user freedom.
I'll make you a keyboard with 80g zero travel keys for $1,500 if you think they are so great.
They've made it pretty clear that to prioritize they've been following the 80/20 rule as best they can with the data they have. They try to prioritize the things people do most often in each iteration because they don't have the budget to do 100% of the things all at once. (And it probably is a waste of time to upgrade settings features that 0% of people use.)

The big real complication is that data they have available on what is used 80/90% of the time is telemetry. It's not a coincidence that the people that find that the settings they use the most that haven't been converted are in the set of people most complaining about telemetry and most actively disabling it.
What are you currently spending so much maintenance time on? My experience with Debian+ZFS is that once you spend some time setting it up, it just works. I would think FreeNAS would be similar, assuming you pick a straightforward setup. If you want to downsize, look into 2 or 3 disk mirror setups and low power motherboards.

As for trust, you can trust anybody for anything. Should you is a different question. I rest easy knowing there will never be an article about a product I critically rely on deciding to sell me out. And needing to navigate least-worst commercial options seems like a much larger maintenance burden.
>However, _mandates_, literally threatening people with police violence, bodily or financial harm, is not the correct way forward.

Maybe I'm missing something, but is this actually a thing? Who in the mainstream proposing police violence, bodily or financial harm? The worst I've heard (in the U.S.) is that a business may not allow you to enter if you're not wearing a mask, which is well within their right and reasonable.
By far the worst part of this is the Sackler family gets to keep the money. They were just given immunity from additional lawsuits:

https://www.npr.org/2021/09/01/1031053251/sackler-family-imm...
Photos show space company Firefly’s first rocket explode during launch
In case someone doesn't know emojipedia, here is the link: https://emojipedia.org/

It covers all existing more or less complete emoji sets,, with licensing information (except for Apple Emojis. Nobody knows what is the license for Apple Emojis and how summer developers get away with using them).
Nginx’s Reference Architecture for Kubernetes Microservices
RAID-1 always survives a single drive failure too, and it can also survive 2 (or more) disks failing, if they aren't two mirrors of each other (not that I would wait to allow that to happen). But what about when the NAS itself fails (and they almost all do, just read the forums)?
Here is the paper (or one of them, it is not clear after so many links):

https://www.poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/publicati...

Bottom line: "The proportion of individuals with COVID-like symptoms was 7.62% (N=13,273) in the intervention arm and 8.62% (N=13,893) in the control arm. Blood samples were collected from N=10,952 consenting, symptomatic individuals. Adjusting for baseline covariates, the
2 intervention reduced symptomatic seroprevalence by 9.3% (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 0.91 [0.82, 1.00]; control prevalence 0.76%; treatment prevalence 0.68%). In villages randomized to surgical masks (n = 200), the relative reduction was 11.2% overall (aPR = 0.89 [0.78,
1.00]) and 34.7% among individuals 60+ (aPR = 0.65 [0.46, 0.85]). No adverse events were reported."
Why not? It's harm reduction. You're required to wear a seat belt and have car insurance. Cigarette manufacturers are required to put warning labels on their products. Wearing a mask is annoying and unfashionable but not that annoying. Plus, when COVID numbers drop, mask mandates are again lifted.
>It's surprising to me that cloth masks can't even do the 11% of surgical masks.

Just want to add clarification here. The 11% number is the community impact of the programs designed to increase mask usage. It is not the effectiveness of a mask on an individual level. That number will be much higher since as you said a number of people didn't/don't comply at a societal level.
Barnett Effect
Ban open offices. The simplest solution that solve so many problems.
I don't blame anyone for skeptical of the pharmaceutical industry. The US federal government and American large corporations have not earned the benefit of the doubt.

However, I only think it's only legitimate to reject the advice of the government if you actually go out and do your own research. If you do that, in a rationalist way, you will likely come to the conclusion to get the Covid vaccine, unless you 1) are willing to completely isolate, or 2) have particular blood or immune conditions. The safety of the vaccine compared to the safety of Covid has been conclusively demonstrated.
I didn't mention fixing anywhere. Having spent a portion of my career as a graphic designer, letter spacing / kerning was used in literally every print piece I ever made, so to suggest they are to be used as provided is preposterous.
I mean, I didn't say it's undocumented behavior :) but when the default performance of a basic function like `first` is not O(1) then that strongly suggests that performance is secondary to composability/flexibility

(I'm actually not clear why it doesn't alias to `(nth .. 0)` .. I'm sure there is a good reason)

In Clojure you don't really reason about vector's run time behavior at all like in C++. You can't even ensure cache locality b/c different items can have any size. You can try to be clever and fall back to Java arrays, but the documentation says "It is recommended that you limit use of arrays to interop with Java libraries that require them as arguments or use them as return values." and the language doesn't provide the syntactic sugar for their easy use with the other data structures. So it kinda looks like the language is actively trying to discourage you from using an efficient data structure.

My previous post was trying to say that maybe you could elevate arrays to be more first class, make `first` and company O(1), maybe lose some flexibility/composability in the process but find some performant middle ground between Clojure and C++. I have no idea if this is actually achievable.

btw, STL vector resizing is a total non issue ... Most of the time you'd just allocate sufficient space beforehand (then it's truly zero cost). If you need to do something dynamic and care about when it resizes then you can just resize manually as you go (that's also zero cost - b/c this resizing is unavoidable and part of your algorithm). The default auto-resizing behavior just handles the resizing for you in a sane O(1) way
I think most of us got cloth masks with the full expectation that they were worse than proper PPE from hospitals (be it surgical masks or N95 masks).

I'm not sure if people remember: but there was a shortage of masks of all kinds in March 2020. Cloth masks were the only thing we could get, and we all knew they were kind of crap (a lot of us were using coffee filters stapled onto the masks to increase its effectiveness).

------

Now that the N95 shortage is over (at least, I'm buying N95 duckbills at $1 each these days), I think its time to seriously consider using N95 in the public. At least in America, where we seem to have suddenly a huge influx of N95 availability this year.
That is not what I was saying.
I agree with everything you’ve said above. I think most rational people, even those who don’t want the vaccine, would agree.

The issue is, it doesn’t matter. People don’t care. They think they’ll either not catch it, or not need to be hospitalized if they do. Or I suppose, they just don’t trust the contents of the shot. At this point I think it is impossible to get those people to change their minds for whatever reason they’ve latched on to.
which seems to have been deleted in the meantime
Previously we had L2 caches that was only used by a particular core and slices of L3 which was tied to a particular core but could contain values used by other cores as well. Now we have L2 caches that are tied to a particular core but can contain values used by other cores as well. Especially with the partition into virtual L3 and virtual L4 I think this is an important evolution beyond your old MOESI or whatever but I'd still say that this is more evolutionary than revolutionary.
I would hate to compete against Watson on a curve.
So, every study out there is wrong?
Ah ok, I admittedly haven’t used Windows terminal much as of yet, I thought the screenshot shown in the article was majority of the dialog.