skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I've stashed the article to read later, so maybe they discuss this (but I've seen no indication from the comments).

There are two¹ different models for ebook lending at libraries. With Libby/MediaOnDemand, the library purchases an ebook which will have different limitations based on the publisher. For some it's a fixed time frame, for some a fixed number of checkouts, for some it's unlimited. This is meant to be somewhat equivalent to the purchasing process for books and other physical media where it's expected that the book will have a fixed lifetime after which it is no longer lendable.² The price paid, again depends on the publisher, but is generally more than the consumer price for the book.³

The other model is employed by Hoopla. With their catalog, everything is available for unlimited lending with no waiting (although patrons are usually limited to a fixed number of borrows per month). In this instance, the library pays a fee for each borrow, usually around a dollar, but it can vary depending on the media type and publisher.

Ooh, I just remembered a third model, although I don't know if any of the library ebook services employ it. Kanopy, which offers streaming video services for libraries works on a system where when a patron decides to watch something, if someone else at the library has already watched it, it's free, if they haven't then the library is charged for a full-price purchase of the media (I read somewhere that this is in the $80–100 range). The big drawbacks here are that (a) the cost will be unpredictable and (2) the library will feel tied to the service thanks to sunk costs.

We're still in the early days of figuring out how to make digital media work and balance the needs of libraries and publishers. I like the convenience of being able to borrow anything without waiting with Hoopla although their ereader kind of sucks, and because of the economics, if my library has a book in both Libby and Hoopla, I usually prefer to do the Libby borrow since that money's already spent (plus their reader is better), but it's enough of a toss-up that if the Libby copy is checked out, I'll go with the Hoopla one.

———

1. At least two. But these are the ones I'm most familiar with.

2. If you ever visit the picture book section of your local public library you will see this limited lifetime exhibited in dramatic fashion.

3. For legal reasons, your library does not purchase it's paper books, DVDs, CDs, etc. at the corner bookstore or Amazon, but through special purchasing agreements that, again, depending on the publisher, will result in the publisher being paid more than they might otherwise get. My first experience of this was when I was publishing a magazine. Library subscriptions almost always came through a service which paid me the full annual subscription price, and then turned around and charged an additional fee to the library. I believe that something similar happens with books where the library pays the service cover price plus X and the publisher receives the full cover price, but I'm willing to be corrected by someone more knowledgeable than me spouting off in a footnote.
The relentless sabotaging of majoritarian rule is entirely unrelated to the separation of powers.
Those implications made it into a movie in 1984:

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Noah%27s_Ark_Principle

[2] https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086911/

No blockbuster, but watchable, even today.

Emmerichs 1st!
I gotta be honest and say I like Python because it only has a limited amount of punctuation.
I've heard family talk about chip design and verilog. This is the first time i feel like I've had a glimpse into what they're talking about. Great write up.
Freedom and human rights are fair-weather friends.
The popularity of the belief in the "cross-platform frameworks are easier, native is better" spectrum are motivated by real-world experience. Everyone can point to a beloved app that was rewritten in elêctron and afterward sucked.

This article introduces another important dimension: the difficulty in coordinating features between native apps in a corporatey, top-down way. This isn't to be discounted, but neither is the experience of the average user, who's "electron bad" takes are based on real experiences.
Sure - but they do have a stable of other funds with no such constraints (although with "worse" performance).
Advice for Young Developer?
Hello Hackernews!

I am "Z", recently turned 22 years old. Programming has been my bread and butter for the last few years as I've learnt to make my child hood hobby into a passion. I do have some problems though. Unlike other people, I am very different. I am a transgender woman, I do pass fairly well as a woman in public but people can still figure it out. This "transgender"-ness effects my life and career in ways I do not wish it does. Being transgender limits my ability to connect with people, it limits my prospects of getting a job. I also cannot move out of country because my country requires me to do surgery to get female passport. This is all really frustrating because not all companies are trans-friendly. Combine the depression / anxiety / loneliness as well as other mental / physical illness, it is really impossible for me to learn and grow as a developer... I'm kind of stuck in 2016-17 I feel like in terms of frontend technologies. I never get time because Im so busy either working, doing some legal paper work related to transition or really depressed.

I know programming is not a career path I would choose in long term but I know that it's the one that pays me. Recently some of my friends got job offers, VISAs and moved to other countries. All that happened very smoothly for them. I had a cis-male friend who started job hunting atleast 3-4 months after me but still managed to get more offers and is now actually going to be moving out of the country faster than me even though I got an offer before him but I am stuck in legal and beurocratic nonsense where my paper work and my gender doesnt match...

I always wanted to be an active opensource contributor or make my own business / product one day, I am very interested in p2p technologies and have been involved in those communities for a brief period of time. I often want to be like these other amazing developers, I even have friends of mine who have become extremely successful as a developer and now have their own independent business / consultancy etc. To me as a transgender women, all of this seems impossible. I simply have too much on my plate to do all of these things. It's like im tryying to climb a mountain with a mountain on my shoulders and wearing skating shoes, traversing in the dark.

Do I have any hope??? Will I ever be able to work on my skills and be like other developers? Do I need to change my career? I do have a strong feeling of exiting the computer industry all together and take up a simple job like waitressing so that I don't need to think too much but only money is stopping me as I need the money for surgeries and proceedures...

Can someone hug me? Why does this have to be this way?
There has to be a middle ground between you can have your car up on blocks till the weeds cover it, a storm fence in disrepair, loud barking dogs and the other where the kinds of plants you put in your garden are up for discussion, nevermind hanging a tire from a branch as a swing and needing permission to change the shade of the color of the house.
I think you might be making connections where none exist there
I'd imagine it did pay off. They are paying 6.8 billion owed plus ~900 million in interest and fines. So they "lost" about 1% annually on this money over the last ten-ish years.

Given the crowd, surely they invested the money. Not in Medallion since it is capacity constrained -- but almost everything in the past 10 to 11 years yielded big money. A funding cost of 1% is pretty amazing, they made a boatload of money off this 1% loan from the US Government.
Rama Works
There are attempts at formal analysis of shell scripts, for eg:

https://colis.irif.fr/
https://github.com/colis-anr/morbig
He flies more frequently on his private jet
It's exciting to see open banking taking shape in India. I'm based in Europe and the fact that we have regulated and free open banking (under PSD2 law) is a game-changer for fintechs and developers. Instead of having to build/use hacky screen scraping solutions and ask end users to share their banking passwords, all major banks have real APIs that allow consent-based access to account data and to initiate payments.

On a side note, there was a recent study by McKinsey that estimated that open banking data will be worth 4-5% of India's GDP by 2030, which is a crazy amount of value: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-i...
Not because it was repeated, because it was supported with evidence. Don't be in such a rush to reply that you skip parts of the comment.
I'm sorry, Americans, that you are culturally incapable of accepting other parts of the world may make trade-offs that are in favour of not having the mass-killings of our citizens. We don't think it's worth spree shooters murdering children by the school full to keep gun enthusiasts happy, and we're not keen on your example of a death toll greater than your famous civil war so we don't hurt your feelings by showing there's no good reason for it.
That was the "Anything other than single family only makes sense when land gets really expensive" part.
I’m sorry for the world you live in. It’s not that way for everyone everywhere. I hope you can find your way to some place better.
Like almost any investment fund, it doesn't pay taxes — its investors pay taxes on their gains
Freedom waxes and wanes, and freedom in some ways doesn't necessarily coincide with freedom in others.

In the US, in the 50s and 60s and even 70s, you could build your house how you wanted, grow what you wanted in your yard, but you got drafted. I'd say we've come a long way on getting drafted.

Since the 90s across the US gun laws have been relaxing. You couldn't get a handgun carry permit in Texas in 1995 unless you were law enforcement, as of yesterday you can carry a gun open without a license. That's one example, similar is happening nationwide. But you can't get on an airplane without potentially letting someone look in your butthole or rummage through your text messages.

Overall I'd say that the US at least has gotten more free progressively throughout it's history. This trend feels like it is turning around right about now, but we will only know in the future. As far as the rest of the world, it does seem more and more countries are getting less free, at least the more developed and fast developing places.
How else we are gonna get space ads.
I wonder if Apple would ever throw their hat in the ring, I don't think they appreciate Facebook and Google dominating the space when they try to push developers to use Swift
Where did you get 4 from? They specifically point out that our institutions being unanimously pro strict lockdown is irrespective of the party being left or right.
Is CognitionIP (YC company) out of business?
Sorry for the throw-away...

We hired Cognition IP to file both a trademark and a patent. While we need to do more work on the patent, the trademark application was files and all seemed to be going well. The USPTO is waiting for us to respond to some of their feedback in order to continue.

After having a meeting with Edward Steakley to discuss details and strategy, all seemed well.

Weeks have gone by and no news from anyone.

I have had no response to multiple emails and phone calls.

I tried connecting to Andrew Tjang on LinkedIn...nothing.

At this point I am a little rattled and bordering on desperate. We have to file replies to the USPTO on a timely manner. Not being able to even get a sign of life from your IP attorneys simply isn't acceptable.

What is going on?

I need a contact number or email for someone who will actually answer the fucking phone or email! Please.
wow, I never knew that. I always perceived inventories as risks companies took assuming they'd be able to sell it all or at the least would be able to liquidate it at cost if it came to it. Sounds like the books are already negative just taking on inventory from the get go above production and shipping and whatever else.
Rather than rehash all the obvious fairness and consent of the governed talking points, which you are certainly already aware of, I'll speak to election integrity.

FPTP form of elections are both brittle and very high stakes. Begetting our insane polarization.

Switching from FPTP to approval voting would greatly improve the robustness.

Switching to proportional representation would greatly reduce the stakes.
Imagine you steal 500 bucks, invest it for 10 years turning it into 1000 dollars, and the punishment is to pay a fine of 700 dollars.
7.7 billion in 2021 dollars must be much less than 6.8 billion in 2010 dollars (2005 to 2015 so figure 2010).

What is a typical rate of inflation, compounded over 10 years from 2010 to 2021?
Reminds me of this: [0] back in 2020. No different to what is happening then and now.

If the website owners used CloudFlare and ReCAPTCHA the critics will complain to Google and CloudFlare for 'supporting' the site and will demand them to terminate service to the owners of the website. Then this sort of malicious activity will happen.

If this malicious activity happened on their own websites or services (For example, The Guardian), they will complain about it as some black-hat activity or some foreign agents hacking (from a certain countries) and spamming them and will go far to report it to the authorities.

Only when you have no argument against anything you disagree with, one will try to do anything malicious to bring your website down for the kicks. Except if you are going to do that, be smart about it and use a different IP or VPN. These guys as emotional as they are about this issue probably didn't think about that.

Downvoters: They have just admitted to abusing the form on the website whilst also encouraging others to do so. You are saying that isn't encouraging malicious activity then? And no. I don't agree with the website either nor do I agree with attacking it with malicious intent with blatant spam and intentionally false reports.

So these TikTokers are not script-kiddies then? Because I think they clearly are. Perhaps you should think before you downvote next time, since they can be found out, exposed and caught like what happened here. [1]

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23591930

[1] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-37439513
Well It used to be something like 95% of EUR uses Debit Card ( Visa or Master Debit, it doesn't matter but Debit Card not Credit Card ). And 95% of US were Credit Card.

2008 changes a few things and somehow Debit Card in US caught on. Credit Card in EUR increased as well. I think Debit Card now represent something like 40%+ of transaction in US. Credit Card in EUR is still comparatively small, but much larger than pre 2010s mostly due to company spending.
People prefer safety to abstract concepts like democracy or free speech.
We definitely live in different climates. I lived in Fort Worth, Texas for a few years, and an indelible memory is seeing a guy mowing his lawn on Christmas. Our grass was generally dormant until we had one of those big thunderstorms. Then it would just go nuts and I'd have to mow it. So my mowing occurred at more or less random intervals. Also, I have a hunch that a portion of our yard was being gratuitously fertilized by runoff from the neighboring lawn.

The ant hills would pop up after a storm too.
Ask HN: Best practices for multi-datacenter infrastructure?
I'm deploying a set of applications on top of Kubernetes like GitLab and Argo suite (Workflows, CD, Rollouts), Harbor, Prometheus, and more and I need to have an active-active solution distributed across two data centers for all (if possible) of these tools.

One approach I'm investigating having Kafka queueing the commits (and other requests) and one consumer on each data center writing the commit into GitLab to execute CI/CD pipelines and deploy applications based on that commit. (CI/CD will only execute once)

This way I don't have to worry about replicating each application data from one data center to another and worry about where data is being written and so on.

I want to ask HN, are there best practices or documentation on how to do this kind of architecture that you can point me at?

Or is there a better way to work on this solution?
Apple is only starting to play these games (with "CSAM", which is fundamentally designed to circumvent E2E encryption and will be inevitably expanded over time), but Google, Facebook and Amazon are fully onboard. Jen Psaki admitted a couple of months back that WH now tells Facebook what to take down on their site. Zuckerberg spent $300M of his money to elect Biden. How that's legal, I have no idea, but here we are with a senile president who can't remember the name of his Secretary of Defense. Google censors its search results to the point where I had to switch to Brave Search (the only independent search engine with its own index). Both Google and FB run one-sided "fact checks" which gaslight the public in favor of the current official narratives. Google, Facebook, and Twitter rather crudely and obviously manipulate their various rankings and trends for the same purpose, and have thousands of staff that do nothing all day but suppress dissent. And so on and so forth. US Big Tech is increasingly perceived today as a menace and the propaganda arm of the US government (or to be more exact, the non-replaceable part of it known as the "deep state"), and rightly so. Putin had no idea he could do any of such things, US corporations are teaching him many valuable lessons.

Maybe not "one and the same" but give it time, that's the way it'll be.
>in e.x. Facebook marketplace

Um... Does it require 30%+ if it was on iOS?
Not sure if this counts as "running into an issue", but this bash issue is pretty famous: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellshock_(software_bug)
> What do we do about this? Like Durov, I don't know. My country of birth has been through several massive upheavals that left tens of millions of people dead, so I'm not into that. But I do not see a peaceful, rational way out of this.

I do not see a peaceful, rational way out of this too, but I am not discouraged at all to see the regime's end, whatever are the means needed.

Moreover, if the "massive upheaval leaving millions of people dead" is increasingly becoming the only way out of this, it becomes an even more important matter.

We know, the regime will end, sooner, or later. People die, and tyrants are people too.

Would you like the end of it becoming an all out civil war with millions dead, or will you do your effort to end this regime in some more graceful manner?
A common service offered (I think required to be offered, actually) by telephone service providers is "number porting" - where you switch providers but keep the same number, because people don't like changing phone numbers more than they have to.

It used to be this didn't have any real backend checks, so you could effectively steal someone's number, at least temporarily.
I don’t think it’s significant, only ~21% of direct COVID deaths have been of people 18 to 65. Even if all the excess deaths not counted as COVID were of working age people (they’re not), the total would still be small compared to the millions out of work. If those low end jobs aren’t getting filled, it’s because the businesses aren’t offering enough to attract and keep workers (not just pay but also working conditions).

https://www.statista.com/statistics/1191568/reported-deaths-...
The newer systems can sample much faster (10-100 Hz), but they're still limited by the fact that they're measuring a hemodynamic signal that lags behind neural activity.
Show HN: Understanding Convolutions on Graphs
Show HN: AI powered meme search, open-source
Pshh ... Don't use Pens!

Use Mechanical Pencils. No leaking/drying/wastage and you always get to marvel at the ingenuity that goes into making some of these gadgets.

Plus it gives you an excuse to indulge in another collection mania :-)
If you don't know how to pick a lock it's a lot easier. I assume I could learn but I know a lot more about firmware than barrels.
I think you're onto something there. Starting out in software engineering can be a great way to enter the workforce, mainly because it allows you to join a team in a very high-value role. If you avoid jobs where you're a cog, and instead find a role where you help build a product with a team, you'll learn a lot - and again, because you can create the software, you'll have a pretty central role. There are plenty of good places to go from there.

The downside to this attrition is that software engineering (or development if you'd prefer to avoid a charged term) really does need experienced people who understand the long term impact of design, technical debt, what to pursue and what to abandon, mentor and develop new talent, and so forth.
I can see the argument that old 1G and 2G networks would be put under strain by dozens of phones on fast planes.

But as far as I'm aware, modern 4G and 5G networks should be able to handle it.
Interesting on the masks, the research I had seen on different materials showed that while some materials (fleece) could actually increase spread of exhaled droplets, others could decrease the spread. Particularly three-layers of cloth, one of cotton and two of either silk of chiffon, could create both a physical and electrostatic barrier and be on a par with N95 masks. It does look like mask are over-relied upon, yes, and they do seem to get clung to like some sort of talisman by various governments. That said, it also looks like your research really just rules out the medical style masks from having much effect, which is hardly surprising having worn them - they don't give much of a seal or seem to filter much.

> the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine offers 43% protection against infection while the Moderna "Spikevax" mRNA vaccine offers 76% protection

So while the vaccines may not cut transmission among people who get infected while vaccinated, they still massively cut the spread by cutting down on the number of those infections that happen in the first place, even with the delta variant. So vaccination is still a public health measure and not merely a personal choice.

> Maybe I am wrong about your willingness to give up freedom, this is the impression I get from your approach to those who dare to dissent.

My approach that I explicitly said was great we have the right to dissent, but should choose where when to use it? The same damned approach you espouse when you say things like - "do not force yourself upon others who have not made clear to be OK with it" ?

Yes, free speech should be protected, that doesn't mean I can call my mum a the C word and be free from her being offended, because muh freedom of speech. Free speech and freedom to dissent doesn't mean that dissent on covid vaccination is a virtue. It means that that speech doesn't get punished. You can be on the right side of the law and still be doing the absolute wrong thing. Dissent for its own sake is childish, especially where it causes harm, not something to praise. Which is what I was replying to - the assertion that dissent is a virtue.

Not in all circumstances it isn't. Not purely as a kneejerk.
Hacker News supporting literal terrorism to oppose public health measures is a new low.
>I'd say the main value over cash is that cash will stop existing soon

The road to hell is paved with good intentions.
Huh, I recall people saying this 5 years ago only to be shouted down. I guess they stand vindicated. Pity they didn't have a way to monetize their correctness.
1996 is when OBD2 became mandatory for all cars manufactured in the United States