skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Show HN: NLP Flashcards for Most of the Internet
Hello HN! We're Sam and Kanyes. We're building an extension to help you remember what you read online. We're calling it Ferret [1].

When you open Ferret on an HTML page, it generates recall-based questions + answers to reinforce key concepts with NLP. Consider the following toy example where we open Ferret on an explanation of Bayesian statistics. [2]

Q: What does the frequentist interpretation view probability as?
A: the limit of the relative frequency of an event after many trials

Q: What is often computed in Bayesian statistics using mathematical optimization methods?
A:The maximum a posteriori

We do this by (1) Parsing the DOM tree of an HTML page for <p> tags on the client, and segmenting these into preprocessed chunks (2) Performing inference on question-generation with a T5-base model pretrained on SQuAD (3) Extractive question-answering with the chunk & question we've generated with RoBERTa, also pretrained on SQuAD.

No GPT-3 here— where's the fun in an API call when you can do it yourself. Ferret is built as a React.JS app deployed as a chrome extension, with models hosted on AWS Sagemaker.

Finally, why could this be helpful?
Human memory is lossy. Psychologists have shown for forever that your memory can be modeled with a forgetting curve. If you don't attempt to retain knowledge, you'll likely lose it. But most of the content we read online (technical blog posts, documentation, course notes, articles) gets ingested and quickly forgotten. We're interested in low-friction approaches to helping people better remember this content , starting with fellow engineers who depend on their ability to remember key concepts to do the best job.

We've open-sourced the full repo and are actively responding to PRs + issues. [3]. You can read more about the technical + product challenges we faced if that interests you as well. [4]

We appreciate all feedback and suggestions!

[1]https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/ferret/mjnmolplinickaigofdpejfgfoehnlbh
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_statistics

[3] https://github.com/kanyesthaker/qgqa-flashcards

[4] https://samgorman.notion.site/Ferret-c7508ec65df841859d1f84e518fcf21d
I agree, but this is a compelling reason for businesses as to why they should stop spending ("wasting"?) the money and make their product worse.

This article doesn't really compel individuals to act differently.
I don’t think there is any point wasting your time, it’s a month-old troll account.
Space Alert[1] (board game) is awesome for that sort of chaos. When I played with friends, we decided we needed a non-player captain to keep us on track even though it isn't in the rules.

[1]: https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/38453/space-alert
> they get paid for doing nothing useful for a while, then have to find another job.

That's true, but if they took advantage and get fired then they would have poor references and a spotty employment history, which will negatively affect getting another job (and would have been a factor in the hiring of the current role). So in that way there is an incentive for the candidate to perform well in order to maintain their career, and they do risk that track record to some extent when taking on a new role. It sucks for both sides if things don't work out.
I recall reading that Windows historically built its hardware abstraction layer at install time and that's why you couldn't simply move a disk from like hardware to unlike hardware without a reinstall. You may want to try a fresh install of Windows, then copy over the application files. It might be tough if the vendor modified Windows libs and did not provide any installer.
A lot of people I know have online lives that live within or around facebook and nothing else.

They get their news from facebook as the news/media organisation posts updates to their feeds, which they can share with others via WhatsApp or messenger. No need to visit the news sites it's all there.

They get their local second hand marketplace through Facebook Marketplace, no need for eBay et al.

They get their local community updates, gossip, business recommendations etc. through Facebook Groups. No need for nextdoor or neighbourhoood specific websites/forums.

They can find local businesses through the Facebook as the businesses have a Page that describes what they do, testimonials from previous customers, bit of a social feed to add some personality/'blogging'. Contactable through messenger. The businesses don't need to setup a website, Facebook offers all the tools.

You never have to leave, especially on iOS/Android if you use the facebook app. Even links to external sites are rendered in a webview, so no need to look at URLs.
If you want good C# support, Stride is on NET5 right now, with NET6 as a PR in review.

disclaimer: I wrote the NET6 PR.
The experience on Linux is beyond terrible, all the MS webapps are hot garbage.
All camera phones do heavy processing of the captured pixels. This is known as "computational photography". The camera software is the only thing that keeps the average camera phone picture in the realm of "that's a picture of the thing I meant to take a picture of".
Statue selfies should become a genre ! I will contribute.
You're generally not supposed to think about grammar rules when you read or write a language you know (code or prose)
They tend to paint them solid green in some massachusetts cities. (Especially at intersections.).

Thats a lot of paint.
> I guess I do assume they're doing both, but the extreme degree to which they lean on repeat targeting, to the point where it's this noticeable, and to the point where repeat targeting overwhelms other advertisers to this degree, still means that they're incredibly bad at expanding their market.

> TLDR I assume they're trying to do both, but the proportion of repeat advertising indicates to me that it's giving them a lot better results than more sophisticated methods

I don't think you can conclude anything about how they are "leaning" or what "proportion" of their ad budget is being spent on different things, if the only evidence you have is the portion of ads shown to you.

The fact that their "post-sales targeting" can overwhelm other advertisers who are just doing "market expansion" targeting doesn't tell you much at all, because the number of people who would be eligible for post-sales targeting would obviously be vastly smaller than the number of people eligible for market expansion targeting. It seems very reasonable that the company you just spent hundreds of dollars at would be willing to bid more for an ad on your timeline than the thousands of other companies who want to show you an ad about something you've never heard of.
My grandfather near the end of his life had a rant about WhatsApp. "I grew up sending telegrams to my friends and family, learned to listen to the radio, started watching television, called neighbors on my home telephone, got my first mobile phone, and now you want me to do this WhatsApp thing? What's the point?" The sheer amount of change his generation saw was staggering.
why did you get downvoted? it seems a plausible theory that's at least worth discussing / is a reasonable contribution to this thread.
Hi, current maintainer of Lasso here; Orange bundled Lasso (a GPL library) with their internal authentication system at the time (called IDMP, itself made as an Apache module) to give it support for SAML then sold a license of the bundled software to the French state; they never distributed the source of the whole package, and they did not distribute the whole package under a GPL compatible license. Clear violation.
the US has imposed many rules on the manufacturers and distributors of addictive substances as well (banning flavored vapes, marketing towards children), I think it would be much more constructive to impose some regulation on how games are made, and how they are pushed rather than the behavior of children.
It’s disgusting how hacker news allows attacks on people because of their age.
Hi, Kanyes here from Ferret. Starting the discussion by sharing an unsolved technical hurdle that may be of interest. We made a decision early in development to perform all inference on CPU to avoid unfriendly production costs and inefficiencies processing single inputs instead of batches.

Sequential models like T5 tend to be large (300mb >), and we observed high latency per inference of approx 8s. We've masked this latency on the frontend, mainly sending concurrent requests with async code (4 at a time) and preloading content early. However, this is kind of hacky and we'd (ideally) want to reduce inference time.

To this end, we've demonstrated roughly 1.7x speedup by converting our model weights in pytorch to a quantized ONNX graph. However, we've found a lot of friction in trying to deploy ONNX graphs to AWS. We understand there are a variety of potential solutions (training smaller distilled models, deploying ONNX, contesting our rationale to use CPU etc), so we're looking for suggestions for the optimal method to make inference faster!
Equivocating alcohol with video gaming is ridiculous. One is a toxic chemical that has physical, neurological effects on an individual and easily kills tens of thousands of people a year. The other is watching and interacting with pixels on a screen as you're doing at this very moment.
An argument for UBI is we are relying less on "people's work" and more on automation, globalization, and a winner-takes-all economy.

If more and more contribution is being done by a select few through advanced technology, what is the shrinking working class to do, learn to code?

What are the top winners of the current economy contributing as they disproportionately absorb more and more wealth? Especially as they dodge all tax.

VAT the companies, use it to fund a UBI. That money is going to immediately flow back into the economy as 60 - 80% live paycheck-to-paycheck.
> game together by creating different roles that have to collaborate

Not like any of the games being discussed here, but this made me immediately think of Tribes 2. Each class had a role in winning, and you couldn't win without a team comprised of most of them. (Or maybe you could, but it was very, very difficult.)
civil law is obviously based on the "code civil" from the french republic and to a lesser extent ancient roman civil law.

The fact that most of the world has this system is quite easily explained. mainly thanks to colonialism and imperialism.

China adopted a similair system after the boxer rebellion.
48% of the American populace, if we're talking participation in the stock market. A significantly higher percentage if we exclude those whose only holdings are in opt-out company-sponsored 401k plans. [0]

More than 5% of US households are entirely "unbanked," so literally cash only. [1]

I hope that fills in the knowledge gaps, so you can now engage with the content presented to you.

[0]
https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/03/25/more-than-h...

[1] https://www.fdic.gov/analysis/household-survey/index.html
If you like Baroque keyboard music, try something like Scarlatti. It's a bit difficult finding good interpretations (I have a CD somewhere), but here's an example

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTi-QXenilQ

Rameau is a different kind of beast from Bach:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbIGcj_Avb8
https://youtu.be/NK3-URQntcg?t=1383

I also really recommend giving Bach's cello suites a try:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGgG-0lOJjk
This is a good point. My focus above was more the artificial disasters (ie. political unrest for the sake of political unrest) which to me feel like the most imminent given all the people sitting on their ai feeds and seething in message boards. It does bear mentioning that the real issues, most importantly climate change followed by economic inequality, are very real and absolutely will destroy just about everyone's way of life.
(And a follow up about 40 years later: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1985/07/15/hiroshima-the-... )
Yes. But a decade later by a middle-aged person trying to recapture a feeling that's long gone.
There is not really evidence that the "other steps" works. The only that we know that works is getting the vaccine.

But forcing people will not work. We should just accept them as they are and not feel superior. Thing that most politicians are very bad at
> Waiting for someone else to hopefully solve the problem and then buy it was a gamble - I guess it paid off thankfully.

It hasn’t paid off yet. We haven’t got enough Covid in New Zealand to get the value offered by a vaccine - yet.
I mean, that's nice, Rust's proc macros get to emit descriptive error messages† too, but for that to happen the macro expansion occurred and that means we didn't have a parse error. So you're dodging the problem.

† Or of course, to deliberately not emit descriptive error messages, e.g. whichever-compiles!
I have in the past considered to try and build some sort of business on the google scripting apis (and always think what an awful idea, don't build stuff that makes you dependent on google!) but have found myself sort of always stymied by trying to figure out who my customers would be because I could never think of something that I personally really wanted that I would build with that tech.

So I am actually really interested in this - who do you see your customers as - why do people need to host forms that write to google sheets?
Where Online Services Go When They Die (2014)
> Your source is a sole paper with one author, the guy who "estimated that the coronavirus could cause 10,000 U.S. deaths if it infected 1%"

That's an ad hominem, and a complete mis-representation of what he said at the time. The "guy" is one of the most-cited scientists in the world, and the publication is from the WHO. You just don't like what he has to say, so you dismiss it.

But sure, how many other sources do you need? His work is entirely consistent with everyone else...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10654-020-00698-1

> Our analysis finds a exponential relationship between age and IFR for COVID-19. The estimated age-specific IFR is very low for children and younger adults (e.g., 0.002% at age 10 and 0.01% at age 25) but increases progressively to 0.4% at age 55, 1.4% at age 65, 4.6% at age 75, and 15% at age 85. Moreover, our results indicate that about 90% of the variation in population IFR across geographical locations reflects differences in the age composition of the population and the extent to which relatively vulnerable age groups were exposed to the virus.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2918-0

> We find that age-specific IFRs estimated by the ensemble model range from 0.001% (95% credible interval, 0–0.001) in those aged 5–9 years old (range, 0–0.002% across individual national-level seroprevalence surveys) to 8.29% (95% credible intervals, 7.11–9.59%) in those aged 80+ (range, 2.49–15.55% across individual national-level seroprevalence surveys) (Fig. 2a). We estimate a mean increase in IFR of 0.59% with each five-year increase in age (95% credible interval, 0.51–0.68%) for ages of 10 years and older.

The CDC's current best estimate for US IFR for those under age 65 is 6,000 / 1,000,000 (0.6%). Reduce that by an order of magnitude for those under 50, and another order of magnitude for those under 18:

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/planning-scena...

And finally, just to show you that the OP's estimate is widly wrong, here's a paper based only on China, from June 2020, citing a correct-for-the-time (but high for today) IFR of 0.66%:

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3...

> Our estimated overall infection fatality ratio for China was 0·66% (0·39–1·33), with an increasing profile with age.
There is also an elephant in the room with all these questions about the messy interactions between Windows 9x and DOS - Windows NT. By 1995 Microsoft’s long view of the future of the PC OS did not involve DOS. Even before NT we had OS/2 as well.

If Microsoft had been “nicer” they could have made it easier for DR to use their DOS to load a GUI that mostly acted as its own OS and bypassed DOS once loaded, but what happens once they get to XP?

(Of course DR / Novell kinda knew this hence stuff like Star Trek, but whatever DR’s vision of the future was never came).
I like text-heavy games and agree with the GP that they are not nearly as common as they used to be. Voice acting is almost universal and most games require subtitles to be enabled to have much of any reading.

Sure, are some games like Disco Elysium, Pathfinder Kingmaker or other D&D-style games, which are big walls of text with minimal voice over, but let's be honest, those games are targeting middle-aged people, not 10 year olds.

The games kids are playing today involve very little reading.
Most people don't really appreciate the thing that they have until the day that they lost it. That why human history cyclical
I'm pretty surprised that the memorials are still being defaced within the past two or three years about it. At that point it's not the people who originally did the killing, or even the people who supported the killing at the time, but maybe their children or completely unrelated people. What would drive a person to deface a memorial of a child they have no relation to?
Yes, as noise removal.
It looks to me like the pictures may have been for his... uhh... own self-gratification.
> The idea that a kid could wander into a military base at the height of the war and just wander around unchallenged

I grew up in a small village just a few kilometers from the Iron Curtain. At one of the heights of the cold war, during the big NATO manoeuvres in the early 80s we had often American camps next to the village. After school or during weekends we kids went to the camp every day. I remember that we secretly brought beer (as a present) to the GIs so that their officers didn't notice and that I played chess with them in their tents.

So the part of the story about kids wandering around military camps sounds pretty convincing to me.
Most small to midsized organizations would prefer to deal with false-negatives during hiring (missing out on good talent) than the issues of false-positives (bad hires). Often times (not always) no one is preferable to a bad hire.

A bad hire can set everything back significantly more. Not only do you have to deal with new missed deadlines or poor quality work, but you often have to deal with the fallout with team members. Plus you're using up a lot of management/leadership hours dealing with it.

The impact is even more important the more senior the role. Hiring a bad manager or lead can impact way more than hiring a bad fresh-out-of-school grad.
I thought this was an article about not being too late to do something with your life. That might be ridiculous to some people here, but at 24, having started programming with college at 18, I sometimes feel way behind people that started coding at 5, or people that were doing open source stuff in their teens.
That's fair, and yet the exam doesn't seem to differentiate on what I want to work on. If I don't know about how ICs work or can't exactly remember what the speed of light is, should that prevent me from getting a license? What if I'm mostly interested in SDR? Should that prevent me from being part of the safety net that hams claim to provide? What about participating in other aspects of the hobby, like DX, general socializing, operating a relay, communicating with space hardware, etc?

I guess I'm unclear what the concrete value of gatekeeping on sections other than the ones I listed are.
Are you thinking of caller Id? Admittedly it's not perfect, but it's there.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caller_ID

On second reading of the parent, I am wondering if I am missing an `\s`
As a fellow Apple Music subscriber, I regret to confirm the "Apple Music currently doesn't even get this right within the same album" as a common problem across all genres. :) My personal library really isn't very big, but it still shows what I call "metadata drift": you add an album that has 12 tracks, and eventually notice that while your library still contains those 12 songs, somehow there are now only six tracks on that album, with the other six tracks replaced by versions on various compilations (and if the data gods are feeling particularly mischievous, maybe a live version).
I had the exact same reaction to reading those lines. Everyone I knew was more than happy to use AOL to surf the World Wide Web it was only when their cost and speed stagnated next to competitors did people jump ship.
We restrict our kids to 30 min /day of screens. Try telling them it's not worth it. They are absolutely rabid about it.
> they have to comply with the terms.

They do but not doing so is a breach of contract not a copyright violation.

What (at least in the US) makes it a copyright violation is the clause in the GPL contract which causes a automatic termination, and in turn makes you end up without a (previously existing but breached) contract granting you usage rights. Which then can be used to sue you based on copyright law.

But everything which causes the then not to be reached causes you not to be able to sue based on copyright but only based on breach of contract.

Through in practice this kinda could make a lot of copyright/licensing a joke (not just for software, but also e.g. art, movies etc.).
We're clearly talking about different things.

You're talking about measuring something in the real world. Measuring is basically counting how many thing a given reference thing fits into the thing you're measuring. I have no problems with the assumption that for all intents and purposes we live in a finite (space and time) physical universe and there is a maximum precision that will ever be necessary.

What I am talking about is that in order for the math we use to describe that universe to work out we need irrational numbers; otherwise you couldn't be able to prove theorems and whatnot. I think this makes the irrational numbers (e and pi in particular) quite fundamental tools and I don't care if the real world doesn't allow objects (or positions) to be measured with irrational numbers.

> there is no (known?) way to compute the ratio between the length of an ellipse and the properties of its foci.

There is no closed-form expression for the circumference of an ellipse. There is an infinite series though. Same for a circle; there is no closed-form for computing pi either!
Read Music for Life by Fiona Maddocks: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B01HDY2O0E
I don't know if we're coming at it from the same angle if we're lumping Minecraft in with alcohol and cigarettes. To your initial point, though, just because the government currently expresses control is not actually an argument that they should continue to do so or be granted additional powers to do more. Because it's normal, doesn't mean it's correct.

Flavored vaping products are for sure bad. I'll happily give you that. I'll also give you sugar, processed food, alcohol, cigarettes, McDonalds, and a near never ending supply of things we regularly consume (food, entertainment, or other).

I wouldn't petition the government to control access to any of them. I tend to trust the millions of individual personal (or parental) decisions over the long haul more than I do centrally planned, top-down mandates.
Enforcing CeCILL in France on the same case would give the same result, if the court use the same interpretation of the law. That's not a problem with the license, it's a problem of the interpretation of copyright law (or "Droit d'auteur") in France with respect to copyleft license (any copyleft license with serious "obligations" to honor, so not BSD and alike, would give the same result).
My personal take.

AOL died when private rooms stopped being private and the personal filing cabinet (unlimited storage) was discontinued. AOL easily had the biggest warez scene, once that was over and nobody could share files they went elsewhere.