skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Yes, that's a good way to think of it. Because under the hood redirects use the dup2() syscall (with some elaboration).

What is dup2()? It's basically an assignment of the things that file descriptors point to. Why not use regular assignment? Because the things they point to live in the kernel's memory, not your own address space :)

Here I describe file descriptors as "pointers" from user space into the kernel. They are integers and not literal pointers because they're in a different address space.

Three Comics For Understanding Unix Shell: https://www.oilshell.org/blog/2020/04/comics.html

So yes redirects are a very low level and somewhat confusing syntax, and you have to understand how the kernel works to really understand them.

----

Although I didn't really understand this until I implemented a shell, and instead I mostly used these canned patterns:

sort < myfile
mycmd 2>&1
mycmd 2>&1 | wc -l # stdout and stderr to pipe
mycmd >file.txt 2>&1 # stdout and stderr to file
echo error >&2

That's about all you need. Related:

Avoid Directly Manipulating File Descriptors in Shell: https://www.oilshell.org/blog/2017/08/12.html (all usages of say 4>&5 can be done simply by regular direction of shell FUNCTIONS, no need to juggle them manually)
I really dislike this sort of protest. You there! Do an action.

Throw down some reasons why or.. something.. anything.

It happens in all sorts of protests. A slogan is coined and you're either with it or against it. It's.. it's fucking stupid* to be honest. Discussion is always better

* I know. This means I've stopped thinking. I can't word it better, limited by mental hardware
This is it, exactly. No different from the retro games pump-and-dump WATA is pulling.
Ask HN: HN – open-source front end for Workflow editor?
I'm starting a side project that can be characterized as a workflow tool (i.e., customer onboarding email drip campaign manager).

I'm a backend developer and have a good sense on how that will work but I'm not a frontend developer and am at a loss on how would I create the WYSIWYG workflow editor.

There's lots of frontend frameworks (React/Bootstrap/etc) but I can't seem to find one that is an generic frontend workflow editor.

In case a visual helps, here’s a screenshot of the front end for a leading workflow management offering.

https://customer.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/use-case-onboarding.svg
Shareholders elected a board which voted to spend this money 10 years ago. If shareholders were unhappy they could elect a new board.
I think the article is pretty kind and benevolent about what the companies do this kind of things. This isn't done simply because they don't care about users or care more about developers, they do it because they want to get more money after buying the product.

Some spy their users to sell their information, others ask a lot of personal information to do that. Usually they give you some "poisoned apples" in the shape of software you don't need, and even they are some cheeky who try to sell you other things, in a more polite way[0] or using the "erosion method"[1]. More infuriating are those who doesn't want you to control them and the only thing you can do about this is uninstalling[2].

The worse thing about all of this is the difficulty about avoiding this kind of software, like some printer drivers[3].

[0] Sometimes, after opening or using the software, they show you some ads of the same company

[1] The erosion method is what Avast do in their free software. Lots of pop-ups (yeah, in 2021) from the software asking you to buy some of their product until the users buy it to "shut it up". I don't think this works too much btw.

[2] Have you used any PC with a paid McAffee antivirus installed? They don't let you ad some exceptions to analysis because they want it that way. So, if you have some old hardware, with unsigned drivers, you might won't be able to install it because the antivirus says that is malware.

[3] When you buy an HP printer you have to install all of their software to have some kind of details, like reporting to you it doesn't have ink and that's why doesn't work, but to have that, you have to install a 500 MB package with a lot of things you don't need, a lot of ads about how HP original ink is the best, an HP Assistant icon in your task bar, and a lot of process, services, and programmed tasks who only make your PC slow. Meanwhile, Canon ones only need a 20 MB~50 MB installer who works fine without all the bloat.
On the other hand, I've seen lots of tweets about Corona being the only thing left after hoarding (https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ETjFKGFWkAAIO2L?format=jpg&name=...). But maybe they turned it around
> Technically you don't even need miners

Well, yes, of course you're right, but there's a world of difference between "technically" and what the reality is for most people.

Between what the EU seem to be doing and the prevalence of centralized exchanges, it seems like what you're describing is happening. But my point was really just that you could still buy yourself into a position of control, either by controlling the hashing power or otherwise. Nothing changes that.

Note I'm not anti-cryptocurrency, I'm just wary that much of the hype is unfounded. Maybe in theory based on correct things, but the reality isn't so clean. Personally, I'm hoping a privacy-oriented DeFi coin will take off. There are a few contenders in this space to watch.
One recent thing happened here that makes me sympathetic to this attitude. A few years back I bought an older mac mini to build iphone apps on. Wasn't fancy, was 2nd hand but it did the job. Then Apple decided they wouldn't release OS updates for it. Then because of that, it suddenly got impossible to install pretty much anything. I usually develop in .net, but that no longer is supported, and won't run. So Apple turned the thing into a shiny brick effectively. A company with billions of cash idling in the bank won't support older hardware? They could literally afford to do it until the sun explodes.

At this point, they are just giving people the finger simply for the hell of it. I'll bet debian will run on there and I won't ever buy another mac.
Oh grow up Delta. Seriously, sometimes companies really act like children. We obviously don’t think the delta variant is related to Delta airlines. Do you think all Charlies just changed their name from the charlie variant.
Google scans emails. It isn't real time. Any links I send to a person with a gmail address will eventually be hit by their malware crawlers. This includes links one would never guess in the lifetime of a universe. I used to only put http simple auth in place, but now I also null route their IP ranges. I'm sure they will eventually flag my domains as malicious for doing so. Same goes for Slack/Discord/Steam bots.

I should also add that these bots are in no way associated with robots.txt and site indexing. The crawlers hitting URL's in emails are not indexing a site, they are looking for malicious content. The contents of robots.txt will have zero impact on this behavior and is not queried at all.

I suspect the reason people get conflicting behavior is that Google likely has a mechanism in place that maps domains to levels of trust and connectivity. If a site is known to scan itself for malware, there would be no need for Google to duplicate the effort.
Does Putin's, Joe Biden's and Edison's power come from the same 'source'? Are you implying power come from scarsity? Do we have scarsity of politicians?
I'd argue the opposite. Most ruby codebases are infected with monkey patches, extracting libraries now depends on activesupport being used, forcing the dependency
Yup. We thought digital distribution would eliminate the editorial middlemen, but we just replaced them with algorithms. Being favored by the algorithm is a big part of most social media stars' success nowadays and it is not guaranteed if you follow their guidelines. And despite that, there are still human editors in the background who can push a button to make the algorithm ignore you from now henceforth, so the old boss is the same as the new boss in the end.
Anecdotally I recall the beer aisles being relatively empty during the so-called panic buying, except for corona which were untouched.

Companies spend a lot of money to associate their brand with a good feeling, I can't imagine that the people who bought it as a joke outweighed the negative association.
I’m curious, what’s so great about Google photos? I’m on iCloud photos but looking to move away from it in the near future in protest of the recent infringement by Apple
Area of a slice is angle/2 x r^2.

Whole circle (angle = 2 x pi) is pi x r^2
I don't know if you ever watched the Sopranos but there's a line from it that I think applies. Tony is referring to his mother (who he feels is ungrateful):

"She's like a woman with a honey-baked ham under her arm cryin' that she don't got any bread"

I think that's a similar argument that parent is making.
I find this a bit funny as we just can't know what we don't know.
There are western countries that are wealthy despite little to no involvement in slave trade. For example Finland. Historical injustices happened between all peoples, and Africans were not a special case, but have been made into a special case because of race relations being very poor primarily in the US.

Your bottom line might still be correct however, wealth is a measure of resources and resources are more or less distributed in a zero-sum game. Whenever someone won something, someone else lost something. The importance of the English Empire and their naval dominance isn't something to downplay, and something they indeed should "own", rather than dismiss.
Thank you, at least I got a single useful reply :)
The person who finds the exploit can give it to some shady group and make lot more money and then if the exploits become public it damage MS. In the examples you mentioned can you do the same?
TBF they avoid it in their premises, they re not asking others to do so. There's a good reason for that, people might get confused when reading instructions from Delta about Delta, and also, a lot more people will notice the name coincidence if they mention it in their messaging.
I think this falls into the categoyr of "I don't like you because of X so everything you do is wrong and because of X"
I mean, yes, headline might be misleading but it's not "100% exact opposite of what the headline implies". The headline ("Visually impaired Paralympian hit by self-driving bus") implies that someone was hit by something, that something was a self-driving bus. All of that is true, and is what happened. What's left out though, is whoose fault it was, it's not part of the headline at all. One might think it was because of the self-driving system instead of a human, but it wasn't.

So yes, misleading/clickbait it was, but not "100% exact opposite".
We just need some good virus shots, I propose something mezcal based.
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_bites_dog

> "When a dog bites a man, that is not news, because it happens so often. But if a man bites a dog, that is news."
I've only watched this debate from a lay person's view (no physics background and thus I have no chance of understanding what these theories are about), but from what I understand:

There's a number of physicians who are worried about the way modern physics operates and particularly about string theory. Peter Woidt is an influencial voice in this debate and has written a book about it, but he's far from alone. The criticism is that string theory has failed in a lot of the things it was supposed to solve, that the LHC hasn't supported the idea of supersymmetry particles, which was a key concept within string theory and was expected by its proponents. Also a key criticism seems to be that there's no real reason to believe string theory is true and other attempts are false, but there seems to be a strong opinion by many string theorists that alternatives should not be explored.

Admittedly I have mostly read one side of this debate.
Because he wants the poor countries improve their healthcare system by strengthening their regulatory systems. Apparently you cannot easily give money directly to those countries as it will be misappropriated. The MHRA has an experience sharing knowledge and even the EMA received a lot of experience from them. MHRA is supposed to help the poor countries, probably by training. I think it was a good way to spend funds.
They are leaning into it. Did people not read the article? They’re handling it slightly differently but it’s all a joke, that makes very much reminds you that their is a simpler and more common name.
This sounds too good to be true in practice. If I deploy it on a server and continuously query it from all of my devices, will Google ban that serve rIP?
> you are using the word fact li ke it could somehow still be false.

Quite so: whether my sister's name is "Andrea" is a fact. It might or might not be true that's her name.

Perhaps I'm using the word "fact" incorrectly, but I think it's correct: for example, whether the earth is flat or curved is a fact; the proposition that it is flat is false. But the word "proposition" seems rather abstract, in a context like this.
they're really limiting their options for the future there
This is such a nonstory. I wish journalists did something besides regurgitate the Twitter trending page.
What is the charlie variant ... I've literally never heard of it.
Show HN: A zero-latency online music performance app
they seem to be taking it with a sense of humor, not crying rivers, but you have a point
In Inko, the reference counts are regular integers, not atomics. They don't need to be atomic because the same object can't be used by different processes.

Moving objects between processes itself doesn't lead to fragmentation, as processes don't have their own heap in the data structure sense. That is, the structures representing a process don't have some sort of "heap" field. Instead, the OS threads running processes maintain the heaps (each thread has its own heap). This brings several benefits:

1. Since the heap is physically detached from processes, we can move without copying

2. Since the heap is still thread-local, allocations don't need synchronisation

3. Since the heap is detached from the processes, each process is smaller, allowing for more processes to run concurrently

4. Since objects (and their children) can only be owned by one process, we also don't have to worry about multiple processes trying to write into the same object

This is only possible because we statically guarantee that a value `T` can't be _shared_ between processes, and because we'll disallow sending references between processes.
I'm not smart enough to know if that makes any sense at all. But it's a very intriguing idea. I'd never heard of it before.
People are more concerned about COVID when flying than they are buying beer, possibly. Certainly a beer commercial can have a different tone than what you find at airports in these times. I'm not sure they should lean into it.

That said, NYT did a fantastic job visualizing how air circulates on planes and it made me feel safer about flying:

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/04/17/travel/flying...
Hello HN,

As a fun hobby project, I am building Cedar, a Mac and Windows app that allows musicians to perform together online with zero perceived latency.

A major barrier to online music performance is that there is enough latency when transmitting audio data over the internet for it to be perceptible to the human ear (anything > 10-15 ms of delay). This latency may sound like an "echo" or musicians "rushing" or "dragging" to the listener and to participating performers. Some latency can be tolerable at the lower range (the tolerable threshold does vary with music style), but at larger distances between musicians, online performance becomes all but impossible. I fell into the latter category when I started this project since I had just moved from the west coast to the east coast of the United States, where latency between me and my musician friends on the west coast would be much greater than 70 ms.

I go into more detail about this in the README, but the short version of my solution to this problem is that, instead of all clients sending audio to every other client simultaneously (which is highly subject to the speed of data transfer over the internet and latency baked into people's computers and home internet connections), Cedar conceptually arranges the clients in a chain, where audio flows only in one direction, from the first client in the chain to the last. Each musician, then, plays along with the mix of all of the musicians prior to themselves in the chain. The big advantage of this approach is that the musicians in the final mix are perfectly in-sync (since Cedar can adjust for internet, computer, and home network-induced latencies), meaning that musicians can play together with zero latency from anywhere on the globe with an internet connection. A nice corollary to this is that a wired internet connection (which not all musicians have or can have) is not strictly necessary in many cases, making Cedar accessible to a wider range of users.

I have been using Cedar for months, especially in the earlier days of the pandemic, to stay connected with my musician friends across the country and to rehearse and perform with musicians in my area. I hope that other people can pick it up and enjoy it, too. It is completely free and open source (MIT License).

I welcome any and all feedback on the project, and I am happy to answer any questions!
From personal experience between USA and Germany, I can say quality of health care in US is many many times better than in DE.
Can he turn Apple into a computer company that would focus on replaceable, modular electronics? Something like Fairphone, but on a bigger scale and with more resources, or that could have more runway without turning a profit? No, he can't. Apple is known for being a company that wants to integrate everything and needs to control all of its process. And for all the environmental talk, they would never sacrifice their bottom line to ensure their products are really green.

Could he turn Apple into an online education platform that leverage open source platforms and open hardware to make it as affordable as possible to everyone? No, he can't. Apple depends on the brand of exclusivity and premium products.

Need I go on?
Oh for the... don't loop until "x == y", loop until "abs(x-y) < MAX_TOLERABLE_ABS_ERROR", that's been the standard advice since forever.
Degrowth is not a reasonable idea. Humanity lives for humanity, not for the Earth. We just happen to need the Earth. Progress is the good way out, for both humanity and the Earth.

Humanity could, energy-wise, become green within a few years, were it a profitable investment. We have fresh water and food, both in global surplus. Pollution-wise, the only reason everything isn't recycled is that it's cheaper to not do so.

After we have that squared away, space mining technology is currently moving at an immense rate. It wouldn't be profitable to do so yet, but if we disregard that, it would be possible. That alone takes out most of our environmental impact outside of energy.

It's not a matter of us running out of capacity. This planet can support 10-12 billion without breaking a sweat. It's a matter of us being unwilling to move towards that goal, prioritising having constant growth in the short term over having sustainable overall growth in the long term.

Sometimes it isn't about simple capital gain, the profits made from asteroid mining are not monetary but environmental. And yet modern economics, essentialist and ossified, is so obsessed with the idea of number go up that we can't go there.
Indeed, async let seems like a massive improvement! (Judging by this proposal [1].) Still the wrong default IMO (should be `let x = async ...` so that you can then do `let xs = [async f(), async g()]`) but definitely a step in the right direction.

Now just remove `async` and `throws` function annotations and/or make those default, and all noise will be removed!

[1] https://github.com/apple/swift-evolution/blob/main/proposals...
An Elementary Introduction to Information Geometry
All the companies named "Epsilon" are currently trying to bribe epidemiologists into a change in their nomenclature system...
The brutal fact is that the web has the same APIs that iOS has at this point.

You should not be running closed apps on your OS. Ever.
For those complaining that the study is bogus or exaggerated, here's a more believable anecdote with a similar implication, recounted by the Freakonomics authors:

What the Bagel Man Saw (2004):
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28327228
unpossible!
Because Greek letters in Greece are (obviously) very generic. "Alpha Bank" has sort of similar meaning as "First Bank". Meanwhile, "delta" outside of Greece is not that omnipresent and thus much more specific.
Ransomware attack at Singapore eye clinic potentially breaches 73,000 patients’
>That’s because every time someone scrolled past a video in their newsfeed it counted as a view, no matter how fast that scroll was. This was likely used to try and entice video creators who equated views with revenue.

At least in the ads space, a view was counted as three seconds watching a video.

It's pretty bad (and much video is unmeasurable, anyway) but it's not as bad as you're making out.
It was even better back when they allowed smoking.
scraping yes. normal usage no.
Dude, you need to chillax. I too have a love-hate affair with technology, but I choose the walled garden to get everything working seamless for everyone. It's a brave new world, and a way to cope is to embrace it with warts and all. In order to improve on what is not working you need to feel the pain.
Bob Ross Documentary Filmmakers Ran into Some Happy Little Legal Hurdles
> “We prefer to call it the B. 1.617.2 variant since that is so much more simple to say and remember,” Ting replied.

Almost sounds like The Onion.
If you require a distinct point then you can check if a is smaller than the minimum increment that can be added to b, and add that increment instead, but in the few cases I’ve needed that sort of behaviour it has been easier to do the calculation and then check for equality.
Cook came to Apple only a year after Jobs did. Apple bought NeXT in 1997 and Cook joined Apple in 1998 (Jobs recruited him). So it’s hard to untangle their impacts. Apple became so successful in this century because of both great products and great operations.
These are great suggestions. The getting started guides on Elixir and Phoenix get you moving with the basics. Beyond that, Programming Elixir, Elixir in Action, and Programming Phoenix are great book options.
Maybe they think variants are named after the NATO phonetic alphabet instead of the Greek alphabet?
Get notified of 3D printing defects with print-nanny
> Maybe Delta should take a lesson

You’re probably the one who should take an English lesson to realize they’re joking