skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Agreed, overloading of terms often makes topics much harder to grok.

Quick summary, is there are many meanings of the term bias in ML. First let's define which the author is talking about. Some options are:

1. The idea of ignoring relevant features, ala bias-variance trade off.

2. Data bias, where data is trained on inputs / behavior that society would deem biased. Ex. A company frequently discriminates against group X, an ML model is trained on data / decisions this company has made and as a result encodes the same biases.

3. Features are used which are a proxy for other items. Ex. (pulling this out of the air), a repair shop charges a variable rate for repair. It takes in a number of inputs. It's illegal to offer higher prices to women for the same repair as men, but instead an ML model uses as input the customer's first name which ends up being nothing more than a proxy for their gender and introduces that bias.

4. A group of people A have a much smaller portion of the training data size in an ML model than group B. The model makes decisions for offering some good (ex. a loan). Because it's training data is larger on people from group B than group A it always has more confidence in its predictions from group B. The model is set to be risk adverse, so by default it rejects the majority of people from group A even though most of them would have been valid loans. (Where A and B are different across some societal class like religion, race, ethnicity, gender...)

The author is talking about the fourth case. While yes there is over/under representation in the input data, the algorithm chosen to build the model encodes its own form of bias.

A simple example everyone should be familiar with, using Mean Squared Error vs. Mean Absolute Error (or MBE) produce models that handle rarely seen features or data points very differently. This choice of loss function introduces algorithmic bias into a model. That's essentially what underlies the concept. Yes there is data bias, but what is being argued is that the solution isn't "find perfectly unbiased data" (because in many cases that's impossible), it's understand how the choice of algorithm will produce models that respond to and represent differently those data biases.
No, it’s just that globalization means that laborers in wealthy countries who expect a high standard of living are indirectly competing against laborers in poor countries who expect a relatively lower standard of living. It’s just competition and expectations.
Truman was a spokesmen who would say anything.

The manhattan project involved The US, Canada, The UK and it was headed by a captured German scientist. When the project started the goal was to try to beat Hilter. Near the end of the war the US tanks never went into Berlin. The peace deal signed after the war gave up too much and the Russians never lived up to it creating the conditions for the cold war. The US was hopeful at the time.

An extended war with Japan would cost millions of lives. Japan was never going to give up as they were run by a crazy group at the time. Remember after they dropped the first bomb they refused to quit. The H-Bomb was the only thing that forced them to give up.
Meanwhile it's pretty normal to need to save up for multiple pay periods to buy shoes for your 4 year old. $3k/yr in the pocket makes a difference worth more than delicious coffee to many or most people, even in California.
I'm thinking Facebook should be subject to an anti-trust investigation and breakup.
Come work with us at Fringe, building the future of employee work benefits! Visit https://fringe.breezy.hr/ to see open roles! True to our name, our free breakfast muffins and cold-brew coffee on tap are second to none!
> It escapes me how anyone can consider it for long-term carbon storage/offsetting of excess atmospheric co2 derived from fossil fuels.

There's been a lot of talk about burying it as it matures.

I have a question though. Why can't we compost it and make soil out of it? I gather that this would release some carbon back to the atmosphere (in both anaerobic and aerobic composting) but wouldn't it be a net capture?
Can't agree less.
If you have edge it is almost always more profitable to trade than to sell advice.
We will have 7 more layers of UI abstraction to solve the problem of not adequately warming the users hands as they use it during extreme winter weather caused by climate change.
I think there is a lot possible with a ThreeJS approach for DataViz. For instance there is a project [1] to have R implemented in A-Frame [2] (a simplified HTML like framework for ThreeJS). 3D in AR/VR is definitely a whole new visual language space for education such as the work by FlowImmersve's TicTok Data Guy [3].

[1] https://github.com/ACEMS/r2vr

[2] https://aframe.io/

[3] https://www.tiktok.com/@the.data.guy
The point is that there are many many ways to fingerprint even if people spoof their user agent.
> What is the point of setting up a hardware or Google Authenticator-type 2FA solution when most companies will fallback to SMS?

Most people probably use it because it’s more convenient and reliable than SMS, not because it’s more secure.
In the most general sense of the word bias, there can be biases that arise purely as a result of model architecture. For example, I was messing around with GANs about a year ago, and kept on getting checkerboard-like patterns in the generated images. This was a result of how I had set up the convolution layers: It was a bias introduced by model architecture.

In terms of the "unfairness based on what group you belong to" kind of bias, that's almost always a result of bad input; you'd have to work really hard to make an inherently racist architecture. So the problem is introduced in the training data. But it could be solved either by getting better training data, or by making clever improvements to your algorithm to work around the limitations of the training data. Often changing the algorithm is easier than improving the data, which I think is the point this article is making.

As an example of such a change, let's say we're designing an algorithm to estimate credit score, and we're worried about unfairness based on group membership. Let M be a variable representing what groups a person belongs to: race sex, etc, and let S be the output of the algorithm: that person's credit score. An easy thing to do would be to not allow M as an input to our algorithm. That way we can say that the output "does not depend on group membership". The problem is that we may still have proxies for M as inputs to the algorithm, and if the dataset is biased, that algorithm will still learn to use those proxies to discriminate based on group membership. A better method is surprisingly to keep M as an input during training of the model. Then, at inference time, average over M to get the final output of the model. That still erases the information about what group a particular person belongs to, but it also has the advantage that the model isn't incentivized to learn proxies for M during training, since it has access to M directly.
Promotion rates in Core Dev are higher than normal across the company. The idea that you cannot get promoted writing tooling or making engineers efficient or keeping the codebase clean is simply not supported by data.
As US Schools Prioritize Diversity over Merit, China Is Becoming the Stem Leader
Eh don't really agree with this. it's just that you don't hear about the ones who keep their heads down and grind unless you are in/very close to the industry.
https://krunker.io is a pretty popular one made in Unity
What I miss from Pocket and not found on Instapaper: Full Webpage "archival"/download instead of the reader mode. Instapaper's reader mode doesn't work with HN/Twitter. I'm aware of Polar (haven't tried it though). But is there another alternative? Or is it possible to self-host/build a similar thing?
It appears they’ve already done exactly that within their community
So how much do your open roles pay?
What if you're a trader and investing in yourself means trading?
There’s the philosophical intent of the FSF and then there’s what individual project authors intended by adopting GPL.

I think OP correctly explains the perspective of some/many/or even most authors.

Arguably, given the decline of GPL as the de facto license for OSS might indicate this viewpoint is at least an accurate perspective today and may have been the underlying truth all along. Certainly growing up I think I cared more about the concept of contributing improvements back than necessarily being able to have source to all derivative products and didn’t trust corporations to give back (I still don’t, but the situation doesn’t seem quite so serious for most projects).
That’s exactly how it works with Pacaso. I presume it’s the same for Ancana.
Perhaps this is the return of "I worked my way through college!" that people trot out when tuition was 1/3rd the cost it is today.
Insane, truly insane. Meanwhile laptop CPUs, with the notable exception of M1, are impossible to cool.
Ocean temps by Perth are hotter, though. 69 on average in Perth from what I've read, whereas SF ranges from 55-60 depending on the season.

To be clear, I'm not saying that SF can't hit 116, just that we should be wary of compare SF to Perth in this regard.
Once again, never ever commingle customer accounts, one bad apple ruins it for all of them. Create a new (in this case, Heroku) account for each customer, no exceptions

Story time: I worked for a major marketing firm that did this with Facebook. we would see accounts go down every once in awhile and it turned out the managers of the companies that cried foul were doing foul things which we would have to resolve (bonus: extra $$$ Too). One Saturday our monitoring started chirping only to find all Facebook accounts were deactivated. It took us 10minutes to realize we did not change our tooling to support their api changes. These are well known name brands that were completely down. That was the first time I have seen an entire company scramble to resolve an issue, but we were back up and hobbling around within 2 hours.

Always separate accounts.
Prop 22 found unconstitutional by California Superior Court
I hope I am mistaken here, but... are you saying that it would need to kill 1/6th of the population every year (instead of 1/600) before you will consider putting a piece of cloth over your face?

What's so terrible about wearing a mask?
Speaking of managed remote desktops, I wonder how much localhost data the Citrix client sends to the company’s server?
It can be used to detect scrapers/bots that don't use a browser.
Oh, so that's the hostname in my bash prompt.

I've gotten so used to it that it didn't even occur to me that it could be confusing.
How is the financial risk not owned by the party using the SSN for identification?

Guess who ends up footing the bill when a bank gives a loan to someone pretending to be you? Hint: It’s not you, and it’s not the fraudster either.
VAX Ed Ucation
I tried and failed to find a relevant statistic, but I’m pretty sure total CEO compensation is not “all” of net corporate profits.
Simple answer is many people incorrectly self diagnose as recovered, and it's faster and easier to vaccinate than test for actual prior infection. And it provides even more robust immunity.
In practice, it's not the exact timestamp, down to the millisecond--there's a window of 30 seconds or so for each code. On top of that, some services will also accept one of the last (or next) few valid codes too. So it needs to be roughly synchronized, but not impractically so.

Some systems have some extra magic that allow the server to adjust for each device's clock skew; this was particularly important for hardware tokens that didn't have network connections. To imagine how that might work, suppose the server normally accepts responses that are valid at times t-2, t-1, t (the current time, per the server), t+1, and t+2. If a user consistently replies with the t-1 token, we know that her device is running slightly behind and we can instead authenticate against t-3, t-2, t-1, t, t+1.
Knowledge and incentives. Just offering big salaries doesn’t mean you’ll attract the best employees.
Subpoenas?
Court rules California's Prop. 22 on Uber, Lyft drivers unconstitutional
>"nice business you've got there, shame if someone were to publish a hit piece in a major media outlet."

I might be misreading this, but are you implying that a subset of journalists perform investigative journalism to engage in blackmail rather than to follow-up on a lead or hunch?

I think it's interesting that people believe that this is the ambit of journalists rather than short selling investor relations groups where it is literally their job to publish hit pieces about companies that are hopefully flawed, while taking a short position on their equity.
I've tried using this for encoding short clips and it was 10-20x slower than native ffmpeg.
Non-American here from Singapore.

There’s “not going away” and then there’s “are enough vaccinated? Are the vulnerable vaccinated? Do we have hospital bed and nurse +doctor capacity?”

Here in Singapore, we’re ensuring that those above 60 get vaccinated where feasible before we fully open up. Meanwhile, with an increasing percentage of the population getting vaccinated, there are gradual lifting of controls. The Ministerial Task Force have said a few months ago that Singapore will have to prepare for the possibility that COVID 19 will be endemic.

I suggest that rather than take potshots at Faucci, it’d be wise to understand whether your hospital systems are ready for an upsurge in those who need to be hospitalised.
With some work it's possible to find and fit masks that don't fog glasses. Fwiw in order to work effectively as an "outbound" filter , the mask must not duct exhaled air around it's seal with the face. So fogging means it isn't working.
That does strike me as a bit odd. I don't think I've ever experienced anything like that nor have I met anyone else prone to do that.

I hate to assume, and i mean no offence by this, but is something like this indicative of a mental illness? I can't imagine why else someone would be prone to have something like that happen to them.
> We're still about 5 years before a viable tech gets traction that could be useful in that space,

Maybe.. but have you seen the Apple Watch lately? Basic fall detection, ecg, o-sat, noise level monitoring, etc. Id say that’s pretty great progress.
> It's mostly a time delay, since the alternatives to verify your identity seem to be a different emailaddress or a phone number and then you're back to square one imo. The phone number is still susceptible to social engineering and the alternative mail likely is too. Ideally I want something where keys gone = account gone.

I can think of options less extreme than keys gone = account gone that are still very secure.

e.g. To enable "Extra Advanced Protection" you have to visit Google HQ in your region, where your DNA is sampled. If you ever need to recover your account, you have to visit Google HQ again for another DNA sample, after which you're provided with account access, in person.
Less than half of Americans get flu shots though.
Yes, but I wonder how invasive something like Citrix Remote Client is? I wonder what it sends back to the remote server?
I had a back and forth with some node developers on github a few years ago about this.

Napi (node js's native api) is a much richer API. It allows you talk to V8 & interact with javascript objects directly. So, you can create native javascript objects from native code, attach custom (hidden) properties to existing JS objects, interact with the prototype chain, create promises, make native functions which call C directly, etc. All of this stuff is (currently) way more awkward from wasm. Even just moving data across the wasm-to-javascript divide is a hassle. Wasm compilers solve it for you - but usually by adding a big chunk of generated JS.

Between that and the VM slowdown, the code I've been working with lately, wasm ends up about 3x slower than when I just run it natively.

Wasm code also can't access the native system level stuff - so, no filesystem access, no kernel APIs, etc. Though depending on who you ask, this might be a feature.

But wasm works everywhere - including in the browser, and from Python and Go. With napi you need to compile your code separately for every operating system and CPU architecture pair you want to support. This is a huge pain when publishing an npm module. With wasm its just, compile once, run anywhere. For that reason alone I wouldn't be surprised if wasm became the default recommended way to ship native modules with node soon; at least for modules which aren't super performance sensitive. And there's been talk of exposing the JS GC to wasm for a few years. Hopefully when that stuff lands, it'll get easier to marshal objects across the gap.
First off, yes we should deal with mental health and with poverty.

But second, many years ago, I worked with a guy on the lam, who had murdered family members. He had a stable white-collar job before he killed the family members, he had a stable blue-collar job where he ended up, he had no drug dependencies that I ever heard of. It was a good twenty years after I had worked with him that the authorities caught up with him, and it all showed up in the newspapers.
Advanced Protection does have the account recovery. https://landing.google.com/advancedprotection/faq/ It is just very slow as it's a human process. There's very little reason you shouldn't use Advanced Protection, if your account is important enough.
Why would anyone in their right mind want to work there, only to be told by a communist commissar what to write in their report?
You get that. And about a million tradeoffs in terms of usability. No thanks.

Edit: To those downvoting. If you genueinly think running linux isn't a UIUX downgrade on macOS you are totally deluded. Its more open. Cool. It's also a UX nightmare.
Wouldn’t that imply that there wouldn’t be groups of conversational friends larger than 2 people? Or are you suggesting that many people might be fine with conversations with people of either type?
Move enough employees at level $Z into regional $X and you can fix this by paying a slight decrement on the average of Z and X. What that decrement is, depends. But it is fairer and easier to understand.
>I remember when it first started, and it was a great idea. Then the penis appeared.

Thus said EVERY WOMAN who has been married
I’m a PhD student living on a stipend that puts my family well below poverty level, and I can easily buy shoes for my 7-year old whenever he wants. Spare me the unfalsifiable histrionics about how hard it is to be poor, please.
Disappointing that nobody can provide a real answer. A third shot 6-8 months later seems to provide robust immunity. Same with measles or any other shot regime, which is administered over a course of several months, but not continuously and forever.
It’s python so scratch “binary” above and replace with “pip” obviously.

https://packages.debian.org/buster/certbot

You seem confused.
Unfortunately, this would incentivize bad behavior on the part of disreputable merchants. Dark ui patterns would abound in some parts of the internet.
Over what timescale? Forest fires were a regular occurrence in North America before fire suppression was the standard policy. Now it looks like they're happening quite a bit despite that policy.
You mean like this?

[1] http://rmind.github.io/npf/intro.html

[2] https://man.netbsd.org/npf.7

Or conveniently integrated into Linux like in

[3] https://therouter.net/ and

[4] https://github.com/alexk99/the_router ?
Is this the comment section of a news site or are you trying to grade a university-level student essay?
Maybe for people who are so sensitive that they actually need time in advance to emotionally prepare to have a vocal conversation with someone.

For everyone else, it's normal.

Know why phone calls don't need emojis? Because most of the time, it's much easier to communicate verbally.

Even at work using slack... sure, we communicate with text a lot of the time, but when shit needs to get done, someone starts a call.
This is what a lot of people do not understand. Antibodies are basically the front line soldiers fighting the virus, but there's no point keeping them deployed even after the war is over.

Memory cells circulate in the blood stream for much longer - sometimes decades for other pathogens - and if they identify their target antigen, will quickly trigger an immune response and produce new antibodies.

Having a high number of antibodies correlates with a strong immune response and lower rates of incidence, but that doesn't mean having a high number of antibodies is needed for that. It's really too early to say exactly how long term immune response works with this virus, as the only studies that have been completed so far are small samples sets or short time frames.
For a new job I've switched to 100% Ubuntu from Windows and I'm not missing much.. What would you be giving up?
Again, you're missing the whole point to a cringeworthy degree.

They dont want people 'throwing ideas' over. Anyone can do this. Its an OS where people build what they want.

Frankly, build it or shut up.
> If you're like the younger version of me and can't afford to pick up another phone just to keep your work and personal lives separate, you may have to make some compromises in the name of not rocking the boat with your employer. If this happens, don't feel too bad about it. Every day, people have to suck it up and deal with relatively sketchy treatment from their employers, and can't speak up without fear of reprisal.

Great reason to join a union.
By doing a lot more research into psychiatry and finding treatments for mental health issues that actually works.
What's there to wonder about? They do whatever they want, with or without a "law" in place.

How successful will it be in maintaining the commies' grip on power? Very.
Its pretty sad that you're concerned about how a hobby project is handling crypto enough to complain on a forum but not enough to contribute to the project.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3iaIYlcD_Po
Ironically in terms of this conversation, the new definition of a Kg requires a time measurement.

>The kilogram is the mass of a body at rest whose equivalent energy equals the energy of a collection of photons whose frequencies sum to [1.356392489652×1050] hertz.
> The only consumer PC company that survived into the 1990s with its own significant platform was Apple, and even then, just barely.

Commodore was probably still "significant" in 1990.

Acorn's platforms were fairly successful into the 1990s, and of course you can still run RISC OS (first released in 1994) today on a modern Raspberry Pi!

On the hardware architecture side of course, ARM has simply taken over the world - including Apple.
I've been using WSB and what has come since for many years as additional sources of DD; and it reads like "Howdy do fellow kids" type nonsense from someone who isn't part of the community.

The Ape stuff is cringe, because that moniker is adopted for those who can't read/can only buy and hold stock and is purely focused on GME anyway.

This could be a great resource and it doesn't need to be directed to people playing up ridiculous persona's on reddit when the reality is those who will read this are intelligent investors.
There's nothing stopping you adding the bits its missing to be your daily driver.
This link:

https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2927/examining-the-viability-o...

has the word "albedo" mentioned six times. This is what you are alluding to:

"In the near term and locally, says Saatchi, forest restoration may actually have a warming effect. As the trees mature, the new forest canopy cover would presumably make Earth’s surface albedo darker"

"presumably".
Performance per watt is not improving that much, nor is feature size. You'll probably never be carrying around a supercomputer with this many FLOPS.