skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The Romans came into contact with Gauls and other Celts around 400BC [1]. At the time, various tribes of Celts occupied large territories from Anatolia in the East to Britain and Iberia in the west. [2]

At the time, the Romans were basically using the same weapons and tactics as the Greeks, but they had trouble when fighting the Celts when the Celts managed to breech their lines.

In 390 BC, the celts sacked Rome [3]. In response, Rome was fortified and the the Romans would be training and organizing in ways intended to withstand the Celtic charge. Most importantly, that meant improving cohesion and discipline to the point where they could hold the line.

Gradually, though, the Romans would also incorporate Celtic arms and armor, both from Gaulic Celts and Iberian Celts, perhaps most famously the Gladius [4].

Eventually, Rome started to push the Celts back, but there were setbacks, such as when Hannibal employed large numbers of Celtic soldiers during the Punic Wars [5].

Eventually, the Roman military came out if these conflict as a much stronger force when it had started, and ended up as a force that was even able to match the Macedonian phalanxes (partly because the Macedonians did not employ cavalry with the skill that Alexander had).

While Rome was busy conquering the Mediterranean, Germanic tribes were pressuring the Celtic tribes that had occupied modern day Germany, partly replacing them and partly subjugating them.

The Cimbrian war started in 113BC (the Cimbrians themselves may have been Germanic or Celtic, but the Teutons supporting them were definitely Germanic, and the German name for Germany (Deutschland) is taken from them).

Initially, the barbarians were on the offensive, but in the end the Romans under the leadership of Gaius Marius were able to push them back.

In response to the weakness against the Germanics, Marius would institute his "Marius Reforms", replacing the citizen army with a much more capable professional army. [7]. These soldiers are the most famous incarnation of the Roman Legions, armed with Pila, Scuta and and Gladii.

Those reforms, incidentally, paved they way for the Fall of the Republic.

[1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul
[2]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celts
[3]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Allia#Aftermath,...
[4]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladius
[5]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Punic_War
[6]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimbrian_War
[7]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_reforms
Nice graphic, but also a bit misleading.

Bezos would never be able to immediately realise that amount of assets in to useful cash. So saying no human deserves this amount of wealth is kind of already fulfilled? He may have 2 or 3 billion as cash maybe.
> I disagree. I think it was hard to know that many years ago (10+?) how things would turn out.

The GPL exists because of the problem of other people taking your code and hiding it in their products, placing you at a disadvantage.

The AGPL exists to extend that protection regarding SAAS.

According to Wikipedia, the AGPL is from 2007, and Elasticsearch started 4 years later.

I disagree that you need hindsight not to be surprised by how Elasticsearch was used by e.g. Amazon.
FTFA:

> "The headline came long before the final whistle. Caley were 2-1 up. It had looked like a straightforward evening. We expected Celtic to win, but it soon became obvious something big was happening. Celtic losing to a team nobody had heard of - or could even spell - that was the story.

Apparently so... Did you mistype the headline, @lifeisstillgood, or did they change it after you posted? Now, it's "Super Caley Go Ballistic" (and "Celtic Are Atrocious").
A society that is extreme in one category is likely to be extreme in other categories as well.
That is such a tortured, backwards argument, but the only one that has even a semblance of logic so it gets repeated ad nauseam. Why be so coy about the real reasons?
Not making a thought-out argument, just thinking about these things: consider the effort and training required to produce creative videos at that time. Given how few opportunities for creative people then, these were privileged positions. Nowadays, anyone can livestream on twitch from their phone in hd, yet most we see are people alone in their rooms screaming at video games.

Overall cultural impact of MTV was large, maybe because attention was concentrated on it. Individual creators on video platforms will never come close.
I was once asked casually by someone I had just met what are good resources for computer science. I started listing MIT OCW and was about to recommend a bunch of math textbooks that I thought were relevant before I realized he was asking how to create a phone app.

I would argue that there are large tracts of computer science that are indistinguishable from mathematics and so learning math is critical.

I would argue in the affirmative for learning math for computer programming even though I agree that the utility is debatable. Software architecture is more akin to engineering or even construction...math might underpin those areas and may even be needed but often many people in those fields get by without deep math knowledge.

Increasingly it's becoming more of a good idea to have some math knowledge with GPUs, neural networks, machine learning, etc. but as with many deeper mathematical concepts, they'll no doubt get "black boxed" into something more digestible for people who don't want or need a deeper understanding of the inner workings.
The OP lost me on a bunch of bad analogies. I’ll keep recommending to my friends The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity by Carlo Cipolla.

[0] https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/49348225-the-basic-laws-...
The adjudication of what is stupid is inevitably subjective, rather than absolute, because it depends on the objectives and interests of the subject, as distinct from the observer.
I think reasonable thing will be for the researchers to “admit responsibility, say they will do better” and keep going as if nothing happened. Like Mark Zuckerberg does.
Well, sure! This boundary between what is and isn't legitimate in copyright law is a nebulous, culturally relative thing. That's the point I tried to make, by analogizing Google's legal problems with SciHub's.

I agree that Google News snippet things are exactly what US "fair use" exemptions were written for, and are clearly a net public benefit. Some people don't; French law for instance definitively falls on the "deliberate infringement on a massive scale" side,

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27818667 ("France fines Google €500M over copyright row")

Thesis: mainstream thinking overstates the moral difference between these two -- and understates the morality-distorting effect of money, lawyers, and lobbying.
Plants like CO2.
Alright. I'm just annoyed that such obviously reactionary stuff get the benefit of the doubt constantly, and to add insult do injury, call it freedom.
There is no way round that "stupid" is primarily an insult thrown at opponents, not a statement of fact. As a matter of fact we are all incredibly smart. And stupid too.

With that said, I have a hard time agreeing with the definition of stupidity put forth in the article, as far as I understand it. To me stupidity is that state of mind that one may find oneself in before the first cup of coffee in the morning, or when stress (or ignorance) prevents one from intelligently considering all the relevant facts in a case etc. It is not something I would assign as attributes of persons lest it be someone I really didn't like, or (shudder) groups of persons, nor qualitatively separate from "dumbness".

Sticking to an outdated military tactic has far more reasons than one persons "stupidity", and what's up with mentioning South Africa in the context of "a kind of misguided innovation" influenced by "ideas and terms taken from the United States"?

Looks to me like the author is attempting to accrue academic points on the topic of stupidity, in order to use the insult more effectively against opponents.
Officially no, but check out Seeker on google play store:

> An unofficial soulseek client. Allows for searching, filtering, browsing folders, and downloading files.

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.companynam...
Life on earth is definitely not in danger, it’s seen worse.
BBC Sport's Tokyo Olympics studio [video]
What relics of my existence will be news in the year 4421? The pocket knife I lost? My car keys? Code I've written?
I think the article is talking about something different, almost orthogonal.

The confrontational environments you've been in - did they carry with them the risk of losing everyone's respect, or getting fired / banned from community as a punishment for trying to talk without knowing your subject enough?

I'm gonna guess no. I've been in such confrontational environments (particularly around friends and colleagues in high school and on IRC) - we'd call each other out on their bullshit and overconfidence, but even the longest IRC flame wars were always on friendly terms. Direct, sometimes very heated, but always friendly banter. Such environment is also psychologically safe (at least for those who can handle the brashness), and is arguably very efficient at leveling up everyone's skill levels.

The problem really starts when you feel at risk of being punished for being wrong - when you worry that a mistake will cost you your job, or that people are judging your code and looking for reasons to push you out come next layoff round. That's what creates a lot of perverse incentives that impede the functioning of teams and companies.
One can always call external code from Common Lisp - there is no need to re-invent/re-implement everything in CL. Use a FFI to call library functions, call external routines or call internal routines (ABCL runs directly on the JVM and can call arbitrary JVM) code.

Using Common Lisp does not make it necessary to write all code in it.

Not sure why I would for a project re-implement existing PDF features of other tools - unless there is a specific reason for it. I would always first explore to re-use code.
What exactly is sensational about it?
NanoNeuron
A lesson the Turkish army learned the hard way by losing a couple of Leopard 2s.
The author responds to this at about $14.8 billion into the "400 richest Americans" section, see [0], which they link to.

0: https://github.com/MKorostoff/1-pixel-wealth/blob/master/THE...
https://dilbert.com/strip/2020-07-05
I guess you mean fibers (which require call stack switching). That's one way to implement coroutines, but most languages with async/await implement coroutines differently by transforming async functions into a simple switch-case state machine (where each "yield block" is one case-branch) plus associated local state which doesn't live on the regular call stack. This code transformation is also the reason for "function coloring", which isn't needed for a fiber-based coroutine system.
That is the insidious nature of being uneducated or ignorant in a heavy science subject. I'm fairly well educated, and had a meteorological related job for many years, and I still have a hard time parsing many of these papers. So my options are:

A. Spend huge amounts of time learning the heavy math involved

B. Find someone else who seems educated enough, and trust their ELI5

C. Make my own conclusions based on an imperfect understanding of the science

D. Make my own conclusions based on experience and whatever knowledge I have at the moment

Now I do understand enough about atmospheric dynamics to know, at a high level, that human induced climate change is occuring, why it's happening, and some fuzzy understanding of some of the effects we will see. But I don't think a generic USA highschool level education will be able to inform people enough to have the same understanding, which is why we are in this boat. It seems mostly the people who really understand the what/when/why/how of the situation are STEM field graduates.
Sorry, perhaps I misunderstood what you meant by "infrastructure".

Apple have always had the ability to do great evil to a lot of people, this update doesn't change that. They haven't gained any power they didn't already have.

The government, for example, do not currently have the infrastructure to push updates to iPhone. If they passed laws, built servers etc to allow this then that would be a meaningful change that would be worth all this chatter.
Supercritical CO2 Tech Team
World's 1.5C climate goal on brink of slipping beyond reach, warns IPCC report
for logs (where you can shard on a modulo of timestamp) you might have luck with CitusDB (PostgreSQL sharding)
This has been enlightening. I've sometimes definitely had this feeling when eating some pineapple but not other pineapple. Interesting.
I'm going to speculate it's not very high. Mushrooms are too scarce to have ever constistuted a significant amount of our caloric intake so there's rarely been an incentive to get "efficient" at metabolising mycoprotein.

On the other hand, in terms of genetic material, fungus is more alike humans than plants themselves. Maybe that means the particular proteins aren't that unrelated and hence more bioavailable?
Unless you're a public figure or celebrity. If I were, I wouldn't use iCloud photos, but that's not exactly how Apple markets their photo service.
In some ways, the companies you collect on your CV often double as a sort of apprenticeship stamp.
I think a better way to state this would be: player A makes white's first move, then player B decides whether to play white or black. Play proceeds as normal with black to move.

But tbh it seems a bit silly; at least TFA realizes there at least naively seems to be more at stake in moves 2 and ..2.
Using Open source software is the only way to have a sustainable business
I'll be honest in saying that I didn't consider the American experience. The article and video in question was about the Japanese Anime industry, which as far as I could see, works by contract direct to animation studios, without union representation.
You're employed, you never work more than 8 hours a day and you can save 15% of your income. You're doing great.

If you want to turn this into a complain-fest or if you're completely anti-work - go ahead. But the slavery comparisons aren't appropriate at all.

Also, don't worry about what's fair - there's a market and you have a position somewhere in it as an employee. That's all. If all software development got automated tomorrow, the value of your software development skills on that market would be zero.
>We judge these programs under the wrong assumption that it is run by the good guys

Speaking as someone who as a boy was tortured and trafficked by operatives of the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States of America, I am surprized how little appreciation there is for the standard role of misdirection in the espionage playbook.

It is inevitable that all these obstensibly well-intended investigators will have their ranks and their leadership infiltrated by intelligence agencies of major powers, all of whom invest in child-trafficking. What better cover?
There are many, many ways that wealth is realized without spending it. Once you get past a few hundred million you literally cannot spend the money as fast as it comes in.

These billionaires aren't amassing wealth to spend it on things, they're gathering it for power, leverage, status, prestige, legacy reasons etc, and using it to influence and control the world to further their own agenda.
> [Owners of services] and products on the internet however are not landowners. The reason eminent domain exists is because land is not fungible.

I agree. But fungibility isn't a binary thing, it's a spectrum. And how society chooses to regulate goods and services also varies between extremes.

> Google does not sit on search-land and somehow excludes anyone from building a search engine.

Owning a piece of land that will be in the middle of the road doesn't mean the government can't build a different road right? Both google and the landowner just make it harder.

> Tech companies, in almost all cases, derive their value from the intellectual property that they built, not some sort of analog to land they stumbled upon. If that was the case we would be on MySpace.

Couldn't your arguments could be applied just as well against standard eminent domain? I feel like you are saying something analogous to: Most businesses derive their value from the goods and services they developed, not some sort of logo or piece of land they own. That's why the government shouldn't be able to take anyone's land.
How about puzzle solving? I've been asked this:

If you enjoy solving puzzles, might that indicate you'll enjoy programming?
The author may be onto something. Or they may have had one good idea and are now trying to make it fit too many problems.

WWI did have moments of extreme stupidity. But the real problem was that, for the first time since castles vs. troops without cannon, defense was stronger than offense. Machine guns, barbed wire, and trenches could resist most attacks. When that wasn't enough, both sides had plenty of railroad capacity and could move reserves around fast enough that no breakthrough got very far. There was much logistic cleverness behind that. It worked well.

When defense is stronger than offense, wars stall. Which is what happened in WWI. Nobody could force a decision. Until tanks and aircraft entered the battlefield.

We have that today. Guerilla warfare can go on for decades. Neither side can force a decision. If the guerilla side gets ahead, they control entire areas, which means they have vulnerable centers that can be attacked. If the other side gets ahead, the guerillas hide in the population until the heat is off. "A guerrilla swims among the people like a fish swims in the sea." - Mao. Neither side can force a decision, although one side may eventually wear down the other over a long period.

Modern militaries realize that their tactical doctrine may not work, but they're also aware that new, proposed doctrine may be worse. There have been societies that couldn't even think about that problem. Many, from the Aztecs to the Zulus, are extinct.
What a waste of money. If the markets were efficient these places would go out of business.
Fixed pie fallacy.
My source for this was watching the final myself. When I watched the broadcast myself it was clear to me that this was the problem. Also the (Finnish) commentators were very knowledgeable in the sport and pointed out the problem many times.

I was unable to find a clip of his throws in YouTube, but here's a Google Translated article from a Finnish newspaper: https://bit.ly/3xvZWMk.
IPCC Press Conference (climate change related)
this so much this...
I think you’re mistaken.

Lots of rape porn is produced by women, for women. Typically novels, and sometimes graphic novels.

It’s legal, and definitely not something that takes with it a 25+ year sentence.

You can literally find rape porn on Amazon bookshelves. Literally.
What happens to your Avios points when you die?
I've seen devs come and go. They start on a project, rewrite whatever they can get their hands on into the "way it should've been" and then fuck off after a year. The devs that stay have to figure out the maintenance story on their own because screw comments and documentation for this new bright and shiny way of doing things.
I don't know if I'm the only one that sees the pattern in our company but God forbid you say anything to bruise the new hire's ego.
Even though we are currently replacing ES (hosted on elastic.co) with Postgres for ~100M docs + low QPS usecase, it's no real competition to Elasticsearch. There are better™ alternatives for niches (like Algolia), but nothing just works like elasticsearch at scales when not everything can fit in a single machine.
Climate Scientists Reach ‘Unequivocal’ Consensus on Human-Made Warming
I disagree on the the thrust of the argument - that people (including comparatively wealthy individuals like doctors and lawyers) oppose changes to tackle wealth inequality because they don’t understand the gulf of wealth between them and the ultra rich. In my experience it has nothing to do with that - rather these people know that they will ultimately end up as the main target for any such law, not these billionaires. Time and time again the wealth of the middle classes ends up as collateral damage in attempts to tax the very top.
It's one of the best proteins out there. Have a look at the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Digestibility_Correcte...
That's a language-level problem, e.g. "just use Rust" if you're concerned about "sandbox-internal" memory corruption (and that this internal corruption can't be used to alter the behaviour of called host platform functions is why APIs must be designed with security in mind - WASM running in browsers has the same problem, that's why WebGL does additional validation compared to native GL implementations).
Bauxite + SCO2 CSP at Sandia
Compiler Podcast
> Nowadays, anyone can livestream on twitch from their phone in hd, yet most we see are people alone in their rooms screaming at video games.

Of course we see a greater number of videos that are easy to create, e.g. someone playing a game and commenting on it.

However, I don’t see why we should use a count of these videos to judge the general quality of the “individual creator”. There will always be more crappy stuff compared to quality stuff since crappy stuff is easy to create.
Very interesting though it’s just reinventing the database wheel
> Stupidity [...] occurs when you don’t have the right conceptual tools for the job [...] [It] is a matter of the wrong tools for the job [from the Article]

Golob's concept of "stupidity", in these terms, seems to be quite similar to Charlie Munger's reiterated idea of the "man-with-a-hammer syndrome: to the man with a hammer, every problem looks like a nail".

Edit: Those who do not know the Psychology of Human Misjudgement speeches by Charlie Munger, are warmly encouraged to find it.
A revised version of the otherwise most famous speech at Harvard in 1995, seems to be here:
https://fs.blog/great-talks/psychology-human-misjudgment/
Well, it looks like two people were uncomfortable enough with these numbers to do something about it, and it only took 27 minutes! Unfortunately, y’all chose “stick my head in the sand” over “remediate the situation.”

Seriously, what the fuck is wrong with you? These numbers are recent and reliably sourced. Try doing something productive, like, at least engaging with the data rather than trying to make it so people don’t see it.

I expected more respect for facts from you, HN.
> Can non-CSAM images be “injected” into the system to flag accounts for things other than CSAM?

Our process is designed to prevent that from happening. The set of image hashes used for matching are from known, existing images of CSAM that have been acquired and validated by child safety organizations. Apple does not add to the set of known CSAM image hashes.

The problem is not that Apple can't add images to the database but that organizations from the outside can inject any hashes to the new, constantly sniffing system at the heart of iOS, padOS and macOS. Apple has no way to verify those or any hashes before they get injected into the database.

If the system detects any matches only some overworked and underpaid content checker from Bangladesh is there to stop your life from being destroyed by some SWAT team crashing through your front door at 3am, killing your barking dog. And who knows if those foreign sweatshops are even trustable.
Reminder that Australian citizens wanting to leave the country need to ask for permission from the border force, and the exemption process has been quite opaque, and denounced as arbitrary in some cases.

Oh and also, this decryption bill from 2018, forcing employees to install backdoors at the request of intelligence agencies without being able to warn senior management.