skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Technically, there are 2 important differences:

- Statically typed or dynamically typed

- Type mapping between language's type system and serializer's type system
(Note: these serializers are cross-language)

The most understandable difference is "statically typed" vs "dynamically typed". It affects that how to manage compatibility of data and programs.
Statically typed serializers don't store detailed type information of objects into the serialized data, because it is explained in source codes or IDL. Dynamically typed serializers store type information by the side of values.

- Statically typed: Protocol Buffers, Thrift, XDR

- Dynamically typed: JSON, Avro, MessagePack, BSON

Generally speaking, statically typed serializers can store objects in fewer bytes. But they they can't detect errors in the IDL (=mismatch of data and IDL). They must believe IDL is correct since data don't include type information. It means statically typed serializers are high-performance but you must strongly care about compatibility of data and programs.

Note that some serializers have original improvements for the problems.
Protocol Buffers store some (not detailed) type information into data. Thus it can detect mismatch of IDL and data. MessagePack stores type information in effective format. Thus its data size becomes smaller than Protocol Buffers or Thrift (depends on data).

Type systems are also important difference. Following list compares type systems of Protocol Buffers, Avro and MessagePack:

- Protocol Buffers: int32, int64, uint32, uint64, sint32, sint64, fixed32, fixed64, sfixed32, sfixed64, double, float, bool, string, bytes, repeated, message [1]

- Avro: int, long, float, double, boolean, null, float, double, bytes, fixed, string, enum, array, map, record [2]

- MessagePack: Integer, Float, Boolean, Nil, Raw, Array, Map (=same as JSON) [3]

Serializers must map these types into/from language's types to achieve cross-language compatibility. It means that some types supported by your favorite language can't be stored by some serializers. Or too many types may cause interoperability problems.
For example, Protocol Buffers doesn't have map (dictionary) type. Avro doesn't tell unsigned integers from signed integers, while Protocol Buffers does. Avro has enum type, while Protocol Buffers and MessagePack don't have.

It was necessary for their designers. Protocol Buffers are initially designed for C++ while Avro for Java. MessagePack aims interoperability with JSON.

I'm using MessagePack to develop our new web service. Dynamically typed and JSON interoperability are required for us.

[1] http://code.google.com/apis/protocolbuffers/docs/proto.html#...

[2] http://avro.apache.org/docs/1.5.1/spec.html#schema_primitive

[3] http://wiki.msgpack.org/display/MSGPACK/Format+specification
Yeah that is a strange thing to complain about. Of all its faults, I can't really say GoT was predictable.
Indeed, I almost put my e-mail in and I don't even own a mac.
Yeah, it "only" solves the memory use problem.
Google Voice gets its new skin
Yeah, and PETA routinely ranks Apple very low in their reports (even immediately after praising them for their green efforts on whatever the newest product is at the time). They do this because it gets media attention. I have no idea what this group is that tracks pollution reports, and no reason to expect that they're a fair and impartial body that is portraying a completely accurate picture in their reports.
There's no other way to inform most people about the problem. There's several thousand free WordPress themes in the wild, and obtaining them does not involve getting on the developers' mailing lists or otherwise being contact-able. Even if it was possible to notify every theme developer that may be including timthumb in their theme, those developers would have no way to notify the end users.
The characters weren't static though. That's what he's alluding to.
I don't know how the NSA plans to fight its public image of wiretaps and general malfeasance. It might be in their interest to cordon off a particular area for unclassified work and invite hackers over to get a sense of what they actually do.
The thing is that there's an optimal amount of such laws. Not too little, not too much. If businesses couldn't move, there'd be no pressure to junk bad laws. Also, the fact that a business can move from a community is a good thing, as otherwise people forget that regulations and taxes can only be increased to a certain point before killing the golden goose.

Finally, there aren't a finite number of businesses; those who think the EPA's regulations are reasonable should have no problem starting a US business to demonstrate the point.
Not if it's a scalable thing, i.e. you can get a "decent" conversion in a short time, and only do the full-scale conversions for milestone builds.
Installing Subversion & Enabling Access Via Different Protocols (Debian Squeeze)
Amazon link: http://aws.amazon.com/startupchallenge/

Entry period ends on Oct 2.
Talk to founders who are in similar but not the same markets. They know VC's and angels and may have taken money from them. The best way to connect is through an existing portfolio company with a warm intro from that founder.
Is this the startup visa?
There is some value in geography-based representation! Idealistically, well, there's idealistic value. Cynically, considering that many members of Congress are capable of bringing pork-barrel projects to their home districts, it makes sense for voters that their representative is accountable to the district.

While the idea of decoupling representation from geography is an interesting one and it may seem appealing, in practice I would not be surprised at all to see this result in a rapid deterioration in the quality of representation for areas in which representatives do not live and a corresponding rise in legislative effectiveness for the areas housing the representatives.

Following this line of assumptions a little further, it's easy to understand why Congress is divided into components where representation is based on different geographical scales.
Stationery Designing Services
I've described about the difference between MessagePack and BSON:

"Performant Entity Serialization: BSON vs MessagePack (vs JSON)" http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6355497/performant-entity...
Linux Howto: Remove Directory in Linux | Hat Linux
> Hiding away the development of a feature into one large commit makes it harder for people to review.

You have it backwards. One commit is much easier to review than three commits that you might not even know are related.

Assuming you know what you're doing, the commits you create with rebase are not large, they are just the perfect size. They contain the code needed for a single change and nothing else.

Sometimes a feature might actually take two or more commits, but then those commits represent two subfeatures... For example, you might first need to implement a new API, and then write a new feature that uses that API. That's two commits. If you forget something from the API or notice that it's problematic while coding the feature, then rebase will allow you to fix the first patch, instead of splitting code across multiple commits that make no sense separately.

One might argue that in this situation the feature patch makes no sense without the API patch but in fact it's a feature dependency, not a code dependency... As long as the API exists, the feature implementation is just fine as a standalone commit.

When used properly, rebase gives you freedom to use as many WIP commits and make all the mistakes you want in your private branch, while still allowing you to create good, easy-to-review patches that result in a logical, clean, and informative history.

If you still hold the opinion that rebase is bad, I am interested in further arguments, since the one reason you gave does not hold water.
Nope, but I have enough space to use several splits within a tab (which is also why I stick to 80 columns for most of my code) so it's not a huge issue.

You should take a look at FuzzyFinder as an alternative to minibufexpl: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1984 I mapped <leader>b to fuzzy search my open buffers. Much quicker and less cognitive overhead for me than managing a list of buffers manually and scanning it visually for what I need.
Www.98meili.com
Apple’s Money
Ask HN: Easily reachable & predictable long term goals?
I have this theory that one of the key success in obtaining joy is to create a script or a goal on the future that is easily reachable no matter what.

For example, when we were a kid we dreamt about going to school, going to college/joining military, getting married, getting a house, and raising a successful family. (Ok, this example definitely doesn't apply to everyone in this site, especially those outside the US)

Because of this, we had some structure, some points where we can pinpoint success in our goals. A large part of our memories and point of happiness can be pointed to where the goals of this script is reached.

As people who join startups, we have big huge ideas that quite frankly, isn't going to come true. Every big goal we have is going to flop due to some circumstances we'll fail at reaching it. That is to say we won't be successful but if you asked the guys at YouTube about the goal of their failed video dating site is, they'll have a great story to tell you. Most of the major success stories out there came from people who had no clue how the start ended up as the end.

This probably doesn't apply to everyone but I'm curious, what kind of long term but reachable goals do you guys have? How did you figure them out?
Car Transport faq
Idea to development as a teen (angel and funding)
Background:
I'm 15 years old, and I'm am semi-fluent web developer and designer. More importantly, however, I'm an aspiring entrepreneur. I have coded and created several of my own ideas from conception into late stage development, and am comfortable coding, managing projects, and working with a team.

Info:
I have this idea, that I thing is huge, and everyone that I've told it to things it has massive potential, but right now, I'm not sure what I should do. To develop this idea, I believe its important that I have capital, and a team of people working on it, rather than just myself. Finding co-founders at my age is challenging to say the least, and I cannot afford to pay people from my own fund because I do not have one.

I have heard and fully understand that an idea is nothing without an excellent execution, so I am almost positive that seeking capital is the only way for ME to make this a successful venture.

After talking to mentors and friends of mine, I have started to draft a business plan, but I'm still skeptical as to whether or not that is the correct course of action. I thought I'd reach out to an angel investor or at least to someone who could help me obtain some kind of capital.
One mentor warned me that my idea, because it’s almost not possible to patent this idea (especially because of my age), approaching an angel can result in catastrophe, if only because they can “steal” the idea and develop it themselves. Is this a real issue?

Anyway, enough background. My question is, what do I do to make this as successful as possible and actually get this idea into development?

Sub-questions:
How do I contact an angel?
Should I create a business plan first?
Should I create an excellent elevator pitch? How do I get a meeting?
How do I get someone to take my seriously?
Is there any angels you can put me in contact with?
Any other suggestions?
What didn't they like about Git?
Rhode Island City files for bankruptcy
Anytime there's too much bragging--or any bragging at all--before the actual product is finished, my bogus filter lights up. And it's really hard to turn it off later.
On some badly configured Nginx servers the filename extension isn't parsed correctly. A php.jpg file will be executed as php because a badly written regex will match the .php.

Even if you don't have such vulnerabilities you probably don't want people to be able to upload images to your server. They could easily send you over quota on shared hosting and use your bandwidth for serving their own images (including child porn).
Users, customers - if you do a free promotion, you're doing a business transaction with them. It's not like they went and hunted up a rogue APK.

15 minute refund is usually good enough to run the "does this work on my device" check, although it doesn't always cut it if there are network issues or if something crashes or what have you. I'd be more comfortable buying more casually if it was longer, but it's much better than not having it. (Another reason not to buy from Amazon.)
How the Winning Tron Bot Works
How To Read A Fashion Magazine
How Steve Jobs pays only 15% taxes instead of 35% on $48 Million annual income
It sets a lower bound on the P/E ratio at which money is being invested, no?
Is My Coloring Cool Or Warm?
Duplicate Posting.

See: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2828122
Google Plus defines an era of disruption at a moment's notice
Cheap Flights to Jeddah
American here. Most of American things of quality you wouldn't be able to buy in a consumer version. You can tell the quality of a product by the warranty that is assigned to it. For example most of the Sears Kenmore stuff have something like 10 year warranties. The Craftsman tools have a lifetime warranty.

Most of the American bits never really leave the US because logistics cost the same everywhere. A big heavy washing machine from china loses its cost advantage once shipping and duties are added to the price. A high-end laptop has most of the price in labor and parts. Shipping costs next to nothing for it.

American cars haven't really impressed me. For a while I also questionned the quality; why settle for something with a 3 year warranty when the japanese and koreans have 7 and 10 years. I believe the American car makers have learned a lot about this after getting trounced in the market. They have been extending there warranties and covering parts that weren't covered before.

But it's not until you get into the really high-tech stuff that American builds even show up. Like 7-10 layer circuit boards, aerospace equipment, military hardware, and extreme environment hardware. To put it another way, the Americans, Japanese, and Germans sell the equipment to China to build the stuff they sell.
The torn paper effect is in the current MobileMe calendar anyway. But, sadly, there's no gradual increase in the torn bits during the year - by December it should be ragged... A missed opportunity, at least in mobileme. Haven't seen icloud yet.
What do you mean by google betting against it's own customers?
Technolicious - A Technology Blog on Software and Web Applications
Best Tutorials, Tips, Resources and Examples of jQuery UI
jQuery is very popular now a days to make front end stylish of websites and also using in backend layer. Its provide effects, interactions, widgets and many more thing to make attractive website or internet application.
I am not even sure if Twitter is that mainstream. However, its mainstream as far as businesses (customer service, deals/coupons, etc.), celebrities (one-way traffic) is concerned. I still don't see many of my friends even care to be on Twitter, because from a social conversation pt of view, there is no conversation really.

On a lighter note, that's 5.7m per character!
Oh, is this for real? I came across the video somewhere earlier today, but stopped watching after I got to "we give give computer graphics unlimited power".
On another note, how come Mercury News got the scoop even before TechCrunch, GigaOm, VentureBeat reported this?
Social Network Propaganda!! (It's Art)
The commercial theme vendors probably have a mailing list. I hope they'd contact their clients straight away.

This is turning out to be a rather big hole.
related: http://code.google.com/p/disruptor/ , http://martinfowler.com/articles/lmax.html , http://www.quantcup.org/ , http://quant.ly/
Poll: Would you buy a software library that bills only in CHF?
I've read http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2740048 and it made me think about my own product that I'm going to launch within the next 2 weeks.

A little background info: As you might have guessed I'm from Switzerland and prefer CHF as currency. I'm going to sell a java swing library so it is a one time purchase unlike the SAAS product in the linked poll.

Thanks for the inputs!
CHF is OK
CHF is OK but I would really prefer $ if possible
CHF is OK if there is no comparable library that bills in $
CHF is not OK at all
Her big question is "Do students really learn best this way?". Nobody knows. Because education researchers don't care about empiricism.

The English-speaking education research community abandoned empiricism when they started getting "bad" results.

There were a series of studies that proved a right-wing education fad (Direct Instruction) was empirically better than all the left-wing education fads. So the left-wingers in education academia decided it was better to throw out empiricism than lose the battle.

I'm not saying DI is great. It's a fad, like all the other fads. But using empiricism to iterativly improve it, or search for alternatives would be the way to go.

Instead, education research is now often based on Sophistic arguments, appeals to authority, appeasing policy czars (yay funding!), appeasing parents, and other methods which simply don't work.

I know this is, itself, not empirical. A more solid argument would be a pointer to what teachers are taught these days, and so we can see how much empiricism vs ex-cathedra-style argument they are exposed to.
fwiw, bbedit has a builtin [s]ftp file browser that works in the way you describe. i use it a lot.

bbedit also has unix shell script support and worksheets that can run one-liners. i don't use it much, so i can't really say how well it works or how useful it it. but i guess it would be possible to do what you describe, and given that it's bbedit, i'm inclined to think it would work intelligently and well.

i'm not affiliated with the company, but i've used bbedit since about 1997. i can see how textmate is superior in some ways, but it lacks some bbedit features that i use a lot so that makes it hard to contemplate changing -- just like the emacs graybeard who also commented.
Generally most of those people aren't making developer salaries, though -- 200k is high for support staff loaded salaries. Account reps, if you don't include commissions, are probably more like $30-50k base.
I don't know much about current 3D graphics technology, but the fact that they're trying to disrupt it is really cool. They remind me of a crazy inventor, let's hope they got something =)
No:

"The measures won't require congressional approval because they don't constitute changes in current immigration law. Instead, clarifications will be issued for existing visa categories with the objective of enabling more entrepreneurs to gain entry into the U.S. and of bringing more speed and efficiency to the visa-application process."
Yeah, and the characters had to use a completely seperate renderer with much simpler lighting. Likewise, the early voxel engines will probably use polys for dynamic stuff. Someone else mentioned an engine called Atomontage that does exactly that.

Sometimes you have to take a step backward before you leap forward.
I'm just the opposite then. I gained little from the lectures. Most of my learning was done during office hours, with the TA, or in one of the labs/workshops. But, they are cheap to do and are don't show any problems so I assume lectures work for more people than not.
7 Chrome Tips Developers & Designers May Not Know
My experience with a 'negative review' scammer.
> 20-25

I get that many in a day of hacking. With emacs open for a couple of weeks, I can hit a hundred pretty easily.
Ask HN: How many co-founders is too many?
I would be very interested to hear from anyone who has founded a startup about whether there are occassions in which you would want any more than one other co-founder and whether there is a limit on how many you think are appropriate? I'm not particularly savvy on startup culture but could reasonably justify up to 2-3 other co-founders depending on skillset. I would greatly appreciate any thoughts based on experience!
Re your case in point 1, it is precisely this thinking that they want to exploit. "They wouldn't be suing us if they didn't have a case, so let's just settle". Except that if it actually comes to court, chances are it'll be thrown out within a minute.
Emacs also has the advantage that, whatever you decide to throw at it, it'll probably do it pretty well. It may not be the absolute best editor for one given language or environment, but you can be sure that it will handle it well, and of course you'll get all the other stuff with it that that one editor for the one language probably doesn't have.
My experience has been that it takes much less time than that, probably somewhere in the area of 5-15 seconds. I've only worked on tiny personal projects though; maybe this varies a lot based on project size.
My experience has been that it takes much less time than that, probably somewhere in the area of 5-15 seconds. I've only worked on tiny personal projects though; maybe this varies with project size a lot.
Interesting, when I first saw a photo of Brian, I think on TechCrunch, my first thought was: "he looks so slick. That will probably have a negative influence on the way people interpret his response to this situation". I guess it beams somehing like "my life is awesome and I don't have a care in the world"
Hello economist. Jack of all trades here. I agree it seems like a one-sided piece. But. Apple can very clearly know what happens in its vendors, it simply has to look in a very clever way. It has to run a very black black ops. Most multinationals don't do this, they take the word of these vendors literally.

A simple metric: ask the senior management questions that have clear quantified answers. If they, or if anyone reading this that has an outsourced operation, cannot answer that, then outsourcing is being done either badly or astoundingly badly.
Does that mean that I'm only 10 years old, since I barely remember anything before I was 14?
Thank you for the excellent reply. That was response I was hoping for. I don't know everything and I appreciate you talking on point and not just pressing the down arrow because someone said something you don't like.

Regards,
Unfortunately your experience is not something new and I've heard of considerably worse involving pointing dodgy links at competitors sites, "review" sites that charge to rebut a negative review, etc. It really sucks that people behave like this but good on you for the outing, maybe it will help.
I always felt programming was a very theological exercise. Where else can you sit down and just start saying "let there be..." and have things come into existence?

Its hard not to let it push your cosmology a tiny bit.
I rarely LOL on HN, but I did just then.
we shouldn't underestimate the number of hackers (job applicants) who think wiretaps and general malfeasance are okay.
Make Your Business Attractive to Investors
The other browser makers seem to disagree.
Even if our entire country voted for it, we could not save the Chinese from their own policies.

Vote with your wallet. If nobody will buy products produced using awful methods, they will no longer be produced that way. It's quite simple. Then you'll say "But everyone else is buying them, so it doesn't matter if I do it too". To which I say "Don't care about what others are doing, just do the right thing yourself".