skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Apologies if this is a very stupid question but is random mutation a fact or a theory? It’s something I’ve never quite been able to wrap my head around. If you corrupt a line of code you don’t get a different program you just get something that won’t compile. I suppose nature works very differently to programming - but it’s still something I struggle with.
"It's really been closer to a 98% survival rate here"

I thought this varies widely by age group, sex, and comorbidities? For example, a 30 year old man has a 99.97% chance of survival. And this doesn't even account for comorbidities. Now 3 in 10k is still a relatively large risk, but nowhere near 1 in 50. So the value proposition varies greatly by age group and risk factors, including lifestyle risk factors like WFH v in the office.

For example, I was invited to diner at a restaurant by my in-laws. We had eaten outside there before, so I assumed that was happening again (or I would have declined). Instead they got there first and got an indoor seat for some unknown reason. The vaccine is about 95% effective at preventing serious infection and death. My father in law is in an age group with mortality rates about 4% (and be has multiple comorbidities). He started lecturing me about how I need a vaccine NOW when his risk of dying even with the vaccine was multiple times higher than mine (5%x4%=.2% v .03%).

Now that was months ago, and I planned on getting my vaccination later when more data was available right before going back to the office (in the process now), where I would essentially be guaranteed to contract the virus if I didn't. My strategy seems to have worked for me since we are now learning the J&J vaccine might not be as effective as the others against delta and I was also able to view the VAERS data, as shoddy as it may be, for specific events in my age group to select the vaccine with lower rates (Pfizer).

"Still, the risk of vaccines has been both downplayed and exaggerated and it's kind of saddening to see how sides have been taken by our popular news media sources here in the U.S. and the divisiveness that's caused."

I completely agree.

"I think we've all had the opportunity to fully understand the risks with the corona virus vaccines if we wanted to look into it."

I agree on short term risks. There is one area that I couldn't find much info on - autoimmune conditions. My concern is that these conditions can take years to show up in many cases. We are using our own cells to grow the spike, so what happens if our immune system keys off other proteins that still exist on the cell in addition to the spike protein? It appears that severe covid infection generates higher numbers of autoimmune antibodies than the general population, so there is some risk of that even if one is not vaccinated. There just really isn't much info out there on this.

https://www.acsh.org/news/2020/11/18/covid-infection-fatalit...
larger the number of coin flip needed the less likely it s to happen not more.
I don't really care so much about half-height left and right keys versus full-height ones, but I've discovered that what I really hate is when half-height PgUp and PgDn keys are on either side of a half-height Up arrow key. This means I constantly hit PgUp/PgDn with my pinkie when reaching for Left or Right (and ultimately on my current machine I had to override this with a keyboard remap).
Apparently Cairo's lesson wasn't good enough, so they ended up rewriting all Longhorn stuff mostly in COM and since it was such a good idea we got WinRT (IInspectable + .NET metadata) as "improvement".

Which kind of was, had the respective teams not botched the whole idea with WinRT, UAP, UWP, replacing C++/CX with toolless C++/WinRT, left .NET Native stagnate,....

So now we get WinUI, Reunion sorry AppSDK, and the whole marketing with deemphasis on the COM love of WinRT high marketing push.

I feel if there was some actual real cooperation across all the business units instead of the feudal wars, either Cairo or Longhorn would have worked out quite well.

What to expect when it was easier for contractors to navigate across units, then asking for stuff directly.
How is adding features a reduction in impedance mismatch just because they are from the same vendor? For example: Redis timeseries is a separate setup - how does it reduce complexity?

Edit: fixed typo
I must say the Framework laptop is a very enticing offering!

Do you plan on offering it in Scandinavia with Scandinavian keyboard layouts?
> - ground station: must be negligible compared to everything else. They are literally planting giant routers out in a farm, need to pay rent, power and cabling to an exchange. Zero other infrastructure costs

Fair enough, though you're neglecting the costs for building this all over the world, if they want to get access to any size of market.

> - internet bandwidth: despite Netflix's attempts, ISPs have peering agreements that are usually free, as does Starlink

Actually, according to Cloudlflare[0], you still need to buy a significant amount of traffic through transit agreements - cloud flare pays for 40% of its traffic in Europe (at a price they don't disclose), 60% in the USA (same price as in Europe), 40% in Asia (at 7 times the European price), 10% in Africa (at 14 times European price), 40% in South America (at 17 times European price), and 50% in Oceania (at 17 times European price). Only the Middle East region is 100% peered for them.

So the cost to actually deliver internet is definitely not going to be 0.

> - satellite production: nobody knows, but they have said the payload is cheaper than the launch, so somewhere between $250-500k each at start

So that is another 15M$ per launch at their declared aspirational cost (or an extra 100M$ per launch if you believe the Starship numbers). Just maintaing the entire constellation today would cost ~100M$/year, assuming almost all satellites reach their 5 year life span (current failure rate is 6% after one year).

> - customer service: online only, seems like the dish is self-diagnosing, will likely end up being much lower than traditional broadband

You can't sell online only customer support for access to the Internet if you want to reach any kind of realistic market. Furthermore, customer service more broadly includes delivery, sales, marketing, training materials; and this will be required all over the world, since they must target customers in remote places with little or no acces to the internet today.

[0] https://blog.cloudflare.com/bandwidth-costs-around-the-world...
Based on what’s happening with Windows, I don’t think Windows mobile would be any better for privacy than android.
The Incoming Currency War
An expert insight on recent developments in the field of banking and financial services.
and of course, joining our discord server (invite at: http://pharo.org/community) is the best way to get help and guidance in fast way, we have several channel dedicated to help newbies :)
Last thing I heard, Saturn's rings are surprisingly young (about 100 million years old), and are indeed slowly disappearing.
Yeah I need to leave the industry.

Problem is, not much else looks appealing. Most realistic pivots look more miserable and end up just being adjacent roles that remove all the parts of what I like about software development while becoming mostly what I don’t, likely with a much lower salary cap. I thought about doing something radical and going back to school, but I don’t have the time or money. Though this thread makes me want to look again.
Why Modern Computers Struggle to Match the Input Latency of an Apple IIe
They don't? Good luck teeling them that.
Try talking to BirdNet, it'll tell you species = homo sapiens. Most plant recognition apps will stil try to match a plant when feeding it pictures of humans.
Almost all iOS apps are sending telemetry to data brokers like Facebook and the platform makes open source stuff extremely hard. It really is marginal when you look closer.
Just keep changing the design on a 0.25s timer and you will satisfy the objective without fancy image processing :p
> Dell, HP, Lenovo, even Fujitsu-Siemens have been making thin laptops with upgradable RAM for years now (XPS, X1 Carbon...

You're just throwing names out there without even knowing what you're talking about. The very first generation X1 Carbon came with soldered RAM and no upgrade path, and that hasn't changed yet. I know this because I've owned several generations of that laptop. I just checked Wikipedia to back up my memory before posting and yes, every X1 Carbon has had soldered RAM going all the way back to the first generation with Ivy Bridge.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ThinkPad_X1_series#X1_Carbon
Akin to writing them yourself, as tongue and cheek remark to the person I was replying to.
Don't be ridicululous.
By the way, check out reviews of the Framework Laptop for a first-hand illustration of this effect. They seem to be getting 40-50% lower battery runtimes than laptops with comparable specs. That's example the problem — of you design for modularity, you have to leave some optimizations on the table.
Isn't this exactly the same as Apple's design?
i thought the same thing as go comment - remember "it's" is an abbreviation for "it is", reading the article it looks like the author intended the title to be "Disinformation: Its History" - or am i reading too much into a grammatical nitpick?

edit: covered in the comments elsewhere, i see!
Show HN: Sustainable Brand Directory
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Eco-Catalogue is a no-code directory which currrently has 100+ brands that produce ethically made and sustainable clothes, accessories and more around the world. The goal is to evolve into an ecommerce website and community for people who care about how what they consume affects the environment. Would love feedback and tips on how to make this better.
This is outstanding. One question -

I really wish there was a way to remove the camera as well as microphone (if there's any built in). Is that possible?
True, I found it in the manual. There is the ECC-based Direct Anonymous Attestation, but the paper is behind a paywall right now.

My country (GER) currently wants to force OS developers to block sites not intended for children by default. TPM is a mechanism that could facilitate such restrictions. Imagine all content on the net would check that the boot loader of your device is locked and that you use a state approved OS. See the dangers here?

Even if the chance of success is low, boot sector attacks by ransomware, currently the most prominent threat, are extreme rare, I don't know of any case to be honest. This infrastructure decreases security for free and general computing to such a degree, that the threat from boot sector or bios attacks is laughable at best.
Add the two cents of http://adamierymenko.com/ports.html

"Since we chose the path of virtualization and containerization we've allowed the multi-tenancy facilities in Unix to atrophy and it would take a little bit of work to bring them back into form."
It's like the hazard warnings I've read on the SDS for water :)
It depends how common the niche is and how accessible the body-plan is in the genetic search-space.

We do see convergent evolution into the "tree" and "crab" body-plans. Dozens of unrelated species have evolved along similar lines, filling similar niches by evolving similar forms.

There were long-necked animals in the past -- a well-known type of dinosaur comes to mind -- but the niche isn't so large or successful as the "eat a bunch of grass" niche.
Objectively or subjectively?
He's talking about the raw ingredients not some hyper processed supermarket food. If there is something wrong with the raw ingredients I think it is fair that we try to figure it out.
Sort of… it is the idea of having a bunch of files that are multiple types located in an organized space. E.g. in your home office you may have papers, but also notebooks, envelopes, cds, etc; whatever you find is useful for storing information. You have them organized on your desk in a way that works well for you. If you need a tool to read one (like a cd will need a cd player) you bring the item to the tool in order to use it.

Modern computers are trying to move away from the concept of a “desktop” or filesystem, and instead you open up the file you want from within the program that you use to open it. It would be like you have all your cds in a big jukebox that you can select from, or all your documents in a big binder, or something like that. They become isolated within the devices you use to read them.

It may be better for some people, but that is not how I like to organize things. Particularly when I want to move something from one device to another.
Its great, but I really don't understand why they cannot ship outside like 2 countries (?). Its always such a let down to see a company in 2021 that doesn't offer worldwide shipping, and sells its products just in the usual 2-3 countries (USA, Canada, maybe UK).

At least give some FAQ with reasons or ETA when you will be shipping outside the US
If you read deeper below the citations it says most of the experimental part was done in the USA lab.
Way overstating your case. PC's might be on the decline but they are still far far from being a "rounding error for the semiconductor industry".

Laptops also make up a major component of that still very alive market so no, I disagree that there is not enough market demand for having laptops that can be repaired or upgraded. It's the industry themselves that have worked to hamper the right of repair while giving nebulous pseudo-technical rationalizations for it.
Self host your Podcast easily with potcasse
"Can we produce the required adjustments with the necessary speed? The most hopeful answer is that the human species has been subjected to similar tests before and seems to have a congenital ability to come through, after varying amounts of trouble. To ask in advance for a complete recipe would be unreasonable. We can specify only the human qualities required: patience, flexibility, intelligence."

If you want to read a better exploration of the larger issues and possible answers to this question I recommend:
http://gator.uhd.edu/~williams/downloads/skinner82.pdf

"Most thoughtful people agree that the world is in serious trouble. A nuclear war could mean a nuclear winter that would destroy all living things; fossil fuels will not last forever, and many other critical resources are nearing exhaustion; the earth grows steadily less habitable; and all this is exacerbated by a burgeoning population that resists control. The timetable may not be clear, but the threat is real. That many people have begun to find a recital of these dangers tiresome is perhaps an even greater threat.

Why is more not being done? Within a single generation, we have made extraordinary progress in the exploration of space, genetic engineering, electronic technology, and many other fields, but little has been done to solve what are certainly more serious problems. We know what could be done: We could destroy all nuclear weapons, limit family size, and adopt a much less polluting and less wasteful style of life. The mere listing of these steps is enough to show how far we are from taking them."
At the time the main enemy was terrorists in the middle east. Now that's winding down so we need a new enemy.
No RYF certification, no sale.
With IPFS this can be avoided by using IPFS pinning. It can be done on any node but usually the use of an IPFS pinning service from providers such as Pinata and/or Infura makes the most sense.

It’s the best of both worlds - IPFS will still do it’s decentralized thing but with a pinning service even when individual IPFS nodes do garbage collection or otherwise expire an object locally they can always go fetch it from the persistent copy stored with the pining service.
Which, to be fair, was a fairly high-end machine at the time.

As I recall, the problem was not just Vista's juicy hardware requirements, but the fact it would initially behave quite unpredictably performance-wise.

OTOH, Microsoft is said to have fixed most of the problems with SP1, and Windows 7 was, as far as Windows versions go, a very solid system.
Cobra Kai Is Back for Season 4 – Terry Silver Returns
Excellent QA
The correct analogy is more like this:

DNA in nucleus - source code on disk

Messenger RNA - source code in memory

Ribosome - JIT compiler

Protein - tiny running program, think unix utilities. Also, not saved to disk.

There is source code for millions of such programs in the DNA.

The compiler (Ribosome) recognizes any combination of the base constructs of the language (C, G, T, A) as valid, but the compiled program may not work.
Thank you for your input. You made a good point, and you expressed the issue with "lack of nuance" way better than I did.
The author/book example is actually the preferred method to format data in Excel. From there you can take the entire table of data and put it in a pivot table and answer most questions pretty quickly.

For the cells with multiple values, I agree that is a terrible idea.
This is hacker news after all!
Check the DIY edition, you can get it without paying for the windows license there
(Unlimited) references between files are incompatible with random access.
Starship is still in a research phase, so any clear capacity or timeline are impossible to give. The economics of 42k satellites re-launched every 5 years don't work anyway, not for the size of market they can realistically capture (remember that their main market are remote, population sparse regions - which tend to be poor).

I can bet you anything you want that they will not have anywhere near 42k satellites in orbit in the next 10 years. Perhaps in time, over a few decades, as they spend time building up a customer base, they could reach that, assuming Starship delivers on its many promises and if the service proves popular.
A better description is non-interactive.
I think the point of the article is that we are now stuck with a very technically obsolete format that no longer reflects the wants and needs of our environment - and that, in the future, anyone who designs a new format (which, in the HN community, some people actually might do), should think a bit more generously than the creator of ZIP.

For example, the need to be able to skip unknown blocks is fairly important and imcompatibility of parsers was a known technical problem in the early 1980s already.
Longer necks for eating high leaves did evolve in other species! Think of all the sauropod dinosaurs, or more recently, of the giant herbivorous long-necked birds (elephant birds, moas) that humanity drove to extinction.

So the question is rather why so few mammals evolved long necks. Maybe there's something about mammalian physiology that makes long neck mutations usually unviable?
The problem is that there isn't really a choice, because it's either the Apple- or the Google-ecosystem and both are "walled gardens" (at least Android still allows "side loading" though). The third choice is not owning a mobile phone at all but that's nearly impossible these days.
Relax. It was just an example of the often menial 1-2-3 things that often aren't really relevant for the job in question, but are still used to fail even accomplished coders in interviews.
Lots of mutations. Most result in not compiling, but some result in long necks.
Back around Vista time I went to watch a talk by one of MS's UI designers about all the time and effort they'd put into designing the Vista interface. He gave a demo showing a walk-through of some set-up "wizard" and talked about all the details he thought were important. At no point did he mention the fact that depending on which screen you were on the "next" and "previous" buttons would swap places with the "cancel" button. If you tried to skip quickly through a setup wizard by clicking on the "next" button, you'd cancel everything on screen 4.

This perfectly summed up Microsoft's understanding of UX to me. The things MS cares about in design are entirely unrelated to the things users care about. Users want to know where the next button is without having to hunt for it. Users want to not accidentally cancel something they've already spent time on. In many ways, this encapsulated Vista as a whole. None of that OS was made for the user, it was all territorial infighting inside MS.

Sadly, I think Apple has lost this focus now too. The Touch Bar is a load of accidents waiting to happen at any given time, and the new dialog boxes with a stack of buttons below remove the ability to use muscle memory to hit the right one and need to be scanned every time.
You should get rid of your smartphone. They're designed to make you depressed so you respond better to ads.
I had a surface pro throughout university and I found 3:2 to be perfect for productivity. Also it's nice to be able to see more code if you're into that.

Why don't you like that they are American?
AKA square, flushmount dongles.
The Psion II organizer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psion_Organiser).

In my opinion, the filing system of "hit SAVE and write whatever you want, up to 254 characters in a record, and search for them later with FIND" is literally an offline, portable Twitter-esque infodumping tool. Simply elegant.
I think the error is one of imagining evolution finds maxima of this sort. It just finds acceptable local values that are good enough to survive generation to generation.

Ex) Biological immortality seems like a great trait for animals to have but precious few have it.
Okay, but calling that competition would be incorrect.
I don't understand how unions would help here. Closed platforms are in the interest of developers. Devs make a good amount of money on closed platforms like iOS.

Closed platforms are not in the interest of users.
Deep Futures and Urban Warfare
Fair enough, you’re right that it’s more widespread than just SemVer (though IMO still not an ironclad standard)
Hey, I love these videos. I love cooking sketches against the backdrop of a beautiful kitchen.
For gzip, try pigz. It's the parallel version of it.

I used to want high single core performance for my python code. I've since switched to using VSCode with devcontainers which run remotely on my 5950x. That makes it fast enough ;-).
This question is something of a category error - there are no "facts", only "theories which have a greater or lesser amount of evidence in favour of them". Some theories have such an overwhelming amount of evidence in favour of them that we call them "facts".

But the presence of random mutation is extremely well documented, yes - how else do you explain why identical twin humans don't have identical genomes? A great majority of corruptions have no effect, because biological systems are highly resilient to change; the analogy you want is less "delete a line of code" and more "delete a single machine from AWS". Some corruptions are so bad that they cause the organism to fail completely at the embryo stage. Some corruptions have an effect which is detrimental in one environment but beneficial in another; the whims of nature decide whether such an organism survives. Some corruptions are simply beneficial, and if they're sufficiently beneficial then they take over the gene pool in not many generations.
This seems like good motivation to prune your dependencies if they’re getting out of hand. Of course, easier said than done, but at an ecosystem level maybe it will help?
So was in Czechia during the DOS times. ARJ was almost synonymous with compression. Some people used RAR.

The advent of Windows was when ZIP started to push them out.
Teardown Shows Off What's Inside Apple's New MagSafe Battery Pack