skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I’m not sure that stronger type systems always means an improvement to writing programs. They simply move the needle on the scale of where the difficulty lies in writing programs.

Untyped languages make it very easy to write programs while the stronger the type system, the harder it gets to write the program in the first place.

I think balance is in order and this is one reason why we haven’t seen fancy type systems become mainstream except for niche domains. If I’m writing a program in F#, I have a balance between a type system constraining me but a language that allows me, the programmer, to do what I want to do for the most part. The stronger and fancier type systems means I now have to somehow teach the type system things that I already now how to do and are safe.

Fancy type systems simply try to say that you should write down a specification of your program. But in the real world, this is an enormously difficult if not impossible task. It makes the programming process and program rigid and brittle and not robust, which is not necessarily properties of software you want.

There’s a reason why certain language ecosystems like Erlang/Elixir say errors, unexpected input, and more pathological events will happen (i.e., they can’t be reasoned out of the system) and so you need a way to explicitly deal with them. This is also a big theme in the recent book Software Design for Flexibility in terms of expanding programs, getting them to handle things they couldn’t before.

While fancy type systems are neat, like those in Idris, I think the most useful idea is to have mixed type systems and programming paradigms in a program, which seems to be relatively unexplored right now.
I do not see what that has to do with my question. The fact that it costs a country nothing (or near nothing) to make its own currency and that another country has to pay face value for it seems like a trivial truth.

What was different between 1945-1971 and after 1971?
The GPL is a contract/license; it cannot trump the law itself. You can’t slap a GPL license on porn and then distribute it to minors.

It may mean you can’t distribute at all if you can’t comply with the law and the license.
The intro of the actual paper* is ambivalent, rather than what the post title asserts.

"We critically examine relevant findings and argue that there is no clear evidence for detrimental lasting effects of digital technology on cognitive abilities."

*https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-021-01162-0
I rather read some thing that's formal and readable, than just merely readable.

> One thing I would be interested in is an objective look of how the limitations of computation affect formalized mathematics. I think there’s a lot of sticky computational and philosophical problems there that I don’t see mentioned a lot.

~Goëdel~ Gödel's theorems are not relevant. Consider even if the halting problem had the other answer, it still could be impractical to do the brute force search. Same thing here.

And frankly, the formal methods community is sick of people spreading FUD from that stuff. Mixing romantic humanism with technical misunderstandings is no good.
>Why is a molecules with high energy density so difficult to break down?

Generally, even if a given reaction is energetically favourable, if the activation energy or enabling conditions for the reaction to occur are high/rare respectively, then the rate of the energetically favourable reaction will be slow.

It's like water in a cup; sure it would prefer to be on the ground, but absent something tipping the cup over, it'll stay inside the current local energy minima without any complaints.
> There was a really nice blog post and intro from the new product manager for Audacity some months ago talking about the new governance, and he seemed very earnest and positive, but looking at this privacy agreement, I'd wonder how much executive power earnest people could have in it.

IIRC the new guy wants telemetry to help improve the program; and if you grant that telemetry is a thing this seems pretty bog standard.
> What would make someone think that this applies to Audacity, the program, and not Audacity, the website?

Because the first full sentence of the policy at https://www.audacityteam.org/about/desktop-privacy-notice/ specifies that it applies to "our desktop app Audacity".
>That's not a law. That's a cautionary decision made by those companies or projects to make it more difficult for competitors to argue that code was copied.

and they made those decisions based on the need to be able to argue in court that code was not copied.

>then you'd want to forbid contributors from using CoPilot

Right, the whole thing about arguing if copilot spits out a ten line function verbatim is not really what will be the problem, the problem is a human programmer still needs to run copilot and they will be the ones shown in the codebase as the author of the code (they could of course put a comment 'I got this bit from copilot' but might be cumbersome and anyway would hardly work as proof), although I suppose it would be not just proprietary code but code with an incompatible license.
Worked pretty well as long as people were having 3+ kids and resources had not been claimed/mined. I suspect post WW2 US was in the middle of the S curve, and in recent decades, has entered the top of the S curve.
No, it was acquired two months ago: https://www.musictech.net/news/industry/audacity-acquired-mu...

It's not statecraft, just capitalism.
Critical race theory has elements that are reminiscent of the ideology of the Soviet communist party if you replace "white" with "bourgeoisie."

At first, the goal in Russia was to implement communism in order to create a more equitable society. Of course, the biggest enemy of communism is the rich landlord. So naturally this was used as an excuse to target all rich people, even those who didn't do anything wrong other than manage to build a good life for themselves. The great irony is that at some point, even poor and average people started being prosecuted in the name of communism and they lived in fear of being sent to the gulag.

Critical race theory (or perhaps the social justice movement in general) is used as a weapon to prosecute people, and the scope of who can be prosecuted is growing (cough the George Floyd trial.)
Apple Facing Some Severe MacBook Pro Problems
Anywhere on Earth:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anywhere_on_Earth
Science says catastrophic warming will happen even if we stop all CO2 release today.

Might as well enjoy the time we have left.
But try paying for the cheaper road with the tax revenue of the 5 people helped by the broader road.
Indeed. I feel like I could've gotten most of the speedup by wiping windows and reinstalling but I had to make a clean break from Windows 7 or I was never going to stop using it. Hopefully GPU prices come down soon.
it's tamil-ized as Kangai. Proper nouns are always absorbed
according to the target language's own rules. Why quibble?
The thing is most people don’t drive their car 4000 miles across the Atlantic for a meeting.
>Many cities are perpetually broke because they owe more money in maintenance burden (fixing roads, pipes, etc) than they bring in through tax revenue.

This is just flat out not true. For all of the ink Strong towns spills they can't point to one municipality that's gone broke from infrastructure costs. The reality is that infrastructure just isn't that expensive in the grand scheme of things. It's 10% or less of the budget. Most of the money goes to cops, courts firemen, teachers, municipal workers and so on.
The audacity of it! (pun intended) Fork it, call it Audacious and be done with it. There’s no reason for an offline application to collect data “necessary for law enforcement”. We’re already in an age where software is increasingly tilting towards becoming SaaS. We don’t need offline applications to behave as if they’re online or SaaS ones.

If this is only about telemetry or analytics, make it an opt-in choice on first run.

I wasn’t aware that Audacity had been acquired by The Muse Group recently. [1] I don’t think this will go well for users when private interests and concerns conflict with public ones.

The next obvious question would be about equivalent alternatives that are free and open source.

[1]: https://www.prosoundnetwork.com/business/audacity-acquired-b...
How to use String literals in JavaScript
Wait isn't a "commit group" just a branch?
Thanks. I posted this submission before that one, and it looks like both were resubmitted via the second-chance pool but in reverse order.
Why stop at a red light or stay in your lane then if there's no other traffic? The rules are in place to keep order and avoid surprises. Sure you can safely cross the street but that doesn't negate the point of the law.

The UK has a much smaller population with more public transit, and the cities like London are so densely packed with slow-moving traffic that it's unlikely to lead to deaths. Comparing metrics without context isn't much of an argument against stopping unsafe crossings.
Xenochrony
Both HN and Reddit threads are full of name suggestions that are already snatched.
In your .gitconfig

l = log --graph --abbrev-commit --date=relative

Im not sure about collapsing history though.
I don’t think it’s necessary for them to point to a city that’s actually gone broke. They just need to demonstrate that the trend is unsustainable.
Using AntiPatterns to Avoid MLOps Mistakes
If you are constantly yelling, you are either under too much stress or have unresolved psychological issues that requires medical assistance. Jobs probably had both but people did tolerate him because of the business/execution/ideas he had.

Either way, if you yell frequently, you need some assistance.
>dramatically overstates the probability of this ever coming to pass

I think you two are at a philosophical impasse - staticassertion is something of an optimist about technology with the viewpoint that anything that actually exists a working replica can be built of it with enough data as to how the thing actually works (perhaps requiring extensive years of research) and enough money and time to do the replication.

Your perspective seems to that the time to research, and the money and time to replicate are unknown variables of such potential size that we cannot know if we would ever make the investment to have it come to pass.

I personally suppose that as time goes on an artificial womb will become a more alluring prospect because of problems like this that it would help solve and as such the money and time required would be at found. But I am also an optimist about technological progress - although a pessimist about climate change so my assumption is based on us solving something I don't think will be solved.
Direct link to the demo: https://6b.eleuther.ai
It is spelled Gödel or (in case you cannot put the 2 dots over the "o") Goedel.
Science says warming gets more and more catastrophic the more CO2 we release. It's very much not a binary choice how the climate future will look like.
I'm not sure I'd call a global Mexican standoff "world peace."

More like "world anxiety."
Unfortunately, yes, as he works for the parent company. I like the guy but I didn't know about Muse Score's/UG shady history. Sad...
Oh wow! And how does this magical Windows handle power so well?
Audacity now has quite a bit of networking code. Some of the more interesting parts involve something called "Sentry". Code for that went in 26 days ago.[1] I'm not sure when this runs, but there is code here [2] to read the contents of the URL

https://sentry.io/get-cli/

and feed it into the bash shell. Whomever controls that URL can download anything they want.

This supposedly is for crash reporting.

Whether this is a security problem I will leave to others.

[1] https://github.com/audacity/audacity/blob/97914403f61cfebf6f...

[2] https://github.com/audacity/audacity/blob/2e0e3b4162c8e4ab3d...
>people who killed two police officers to rob $2 million from an armored truck

I don't see what that has to do with his parents. As I understand it they weren't even onlookers to the killings.
You grab a copy of "Convex Optimization" by Boyd & Vandenberghe over here: https://web.stanford.edu/~boyd/cvxbook/

This is more optimal control but I really enjoyed reading through these notes: https://math.berkeley.edu/~evans/control.course.pdf
Right, so set up a market where carbon capturers can sell carbon credits and you need to buy carbon credits to pump oil out of the ground or dig up coal. Don't speculate on some future efforts to suck the carbon back with money that is already spent on other things. I'm pretty sure that right now, and at the scale we release carbon, it's a lot more expensive than 17-70 dollars per ton.
> For all of the ink Strong towns spills they can't point to one municipality that's gone broke from infrastructure costs.

Ah, that's a bit of editorializing on my part. "Losing money" is probably more accurate than "going broke".

That said, Strong Towns has plenty of case studies of different places, to varying degrees, losing quite a bit of money this way:

- Spokane: https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2018/10/24/dispatches-fr...

- Kanas City:
https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2020/5/5/kansas-citys-fa...

- Cobb County: https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2018/8/3/cobb-county-add...

- Collin County: https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2018/9/27/a-texas-sized-...

- Baxter: https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2015/1/18/the-classic-ca...
Stop trying to hide things!
Of course it matters. If you have millions of people taking public transport every day vs people driving in individual cars, makes a huge difference in exposure.
Backend code has uses for it.

Like closing/releasing a database connection.
It's not even true in the US. It's not a specific law, but rather a doctrine that is more of a vague legal idea as I understand it. There are always laws that don't follow it, such as the CCPA in California or several (narrower) approaches in other states, or even cases such as Carpenter v. US that rejected a possible application of it. This is without even considering more obvious holes in this concept including IP law, healthcare data, etc.
We are not at the end of easy money. International tolerance of our dollar and bonds show the perpetuation of easier money. The Federal Reserve can bail out every municipality if Congress got scared or convinced enough. The pandemic relief was prewritten and had nothing to do with the pandemic, almost no Congressperson read it. The extension of “credit”/unconditional Main Street bailouts was already pre analyzed to prevent private sector freezing of credit. Anything and all is possible as has been demonstrated. Econ majors have their university streaming subscription on pause because their professors have no idea anymore.
Anecdotally from playing around with both, GPT-J seems to struggle compared to GPT-3 when it comes to regurgitating remembered details from the prompt. For example when trying to generate short stories I've found that GPT-J will randomly genderswap characters from sentence to sentence, which I never had happen with GPT-3.
What will replace it? 996.
It works how is i'd expect.
Bit of wishful thinking. History of waterpower goes back far far further than this implies[1] and so does rail's guiding waggons back to 1760s[2]

[1] https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/medical-history/arti...

[2] https://www.thoughtco.com/railways-in-the-industrial-revolut...
Commit often, perfect later, publish once: Git best practices (2013)
The claim is not that some municipality has gone broke, it’s that they are underwater and only staying afloat by continuing the ponzu scheme.

This post had some case studies: https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2011/6/14/the-growth-pon... one quote:

> A small, rural road is paved, with the costs of the surfacing project split evenly between the property owners and the city. We asked a simple question: Based on the taxes being paid by the property owners along this road, how long will it take the city to recoup its 50% contribution. The answer: 37 years. Of course, the road is only expected to last 20 to 25 years.

I’m not an expert here so I’d be interested in evidence to the contrary. But this sounds like a more nuanced point than the GPs TLDR.
Another fun thing is many commands are built in now (like true) but ALSO exist in /bin as an entirely separate program.

And there can rarely be fun side effects.
What Dolske noted was that he was able to get ahold of was a copy of the manual (since lost to link rot)

The one on Medtronic's site is 404 for some reason, but you can find it elsewhere:

https://www.manualslib.com/manual/1486012/Given-Imaging-Brav...

As well as the calibration procedure and (warning: not for the squeamish) "installation instructions", it contains some interesting phrases, such as "Any damage to the pH sensor will require the delivery device to be discarded before use." and "Warning Do not advance the delivery device into the trachea or lungs. Advancing the delivery device into the trachea or lungs can cause possible injury to the patient."
"command" works also interactively, to call the "real" thing instead of the aliased thing.

As an example, I alias "cat" to run "bat", which pretty-prints the output. If I don't want the pretty-printed output, I can "command cat foo.txt" and it will call the "real" cat.
Sure why not? Do you think JK Rowling needs more money?

Maybe the state could grant protection for 10 years after publishing to give the author a chance to recoup their investment. I don't know why the protection extends to the author's grandchildren.
I tried to use examples where some inherent performance penalties where easy to see:

- Unicode text: All text consumes more memory (because the character space is much larger). Basic text processing ("wrap this paragraph at 80 characters") becomes much harder, not just because bytes != glyphs, but also because glyphs can combine.

- Security improvements: we now have various sandboxing, isolation, execution-protection, etc.. features in OSes. The performance impact of some of those is negligible thanks to new hardware features to help with them, but others still have a significant cost. Furthermore, some performance tricks used in old systems would simply violate the current security models and are hence impossible to do anymore.

- Driver isolation: this is similar to the above. The OS is now doing more work to ensure drivers behave, the isolation forbids some more performant pathways, etc.

- Wifi with some reliability: this was an example of progress being achieved. Wifi protocols are a nightmare, and I'm still amazed that they work at all.

- Better trackpads: another progress example. The big issue here has been the development of smarter algorithms (and the hardware refinement to back them up). This is something that seems simple, but it took a very long time to get this anywhere acceptable (even after Apple showed the world it was possible). I can only assume that it is actually a pretty hard problem underneath.

- Files that don't get corrupted: we have needed years and years of iterative improvements to finally get here, both at the FS level and on the programs above (think DBs). We are now going through journal logs, memory barries, checksumming and verifying data, using copy-on-write for FSs, etc.. All these things have non-negligible runtime and camplexity costs.

In general, we have been prioritizing to make more stuff and/or making the stuff more correct, disregarding the performance aspect so long as it remains good enough (from the POV of the developers).
- DevOps originally was supposed to eliminate Operations (Sysadmin) staff by involving Dev with the Infra and Release process.

- But Dev is incentivized to create features, not know the intricacies of Release at scale, so dedicated Devops (Operations) teams were again staffed

- dedicated DevOps teams are here to stay except in certain unique scenarios. For example, I've seen some Indian-led SV startups that hate Operations staff ("oh, they're overhead") carefully design their production environment around using services that don't need mgmt. (DynamoDB, Lambda, etc.), and that will work up to a certain scale.

However, every time they have a problem with AWS, onboarding, security, excessive on-call rotations, etc. their developers have to be ready to become the DevOps they so despise, reducing the number of featueres they can build.

- in larger companies, Devs don't have access to production, so again dedicated DevOps teams are needed if only to enforce policy.
Yes thank you. I guess I mixed up US keyboard vs phone typing rather hilariously.
I agree, we should consider that further oxygen loss could come from long burning wild fires etc, should the environment lend itself to a higher propensity to them. This could both burn oxygen and remove plants that would therefore not create and replace oxygen (in the short terms at least).

I am sure there are some weird feedback loops we are going to see in the next century or two, that aren't yet considered an issue.
% is just not the right unit.
Nowadays I don't use Linux on laptops because the UX is so bad.

But when I last did, I just installed tlp which now mostly incorporates every suggestion from powertop anyway.
It’s a different thing when random people start humming or even singing your song in private, and an entirely different thing when a big corporation uses your work to train a system that will at some points generate parts of your works and will make them millions of dollars of your and everyone else’s code without attributing anyone in any way.

Plus, to be honest I’m not even sure whether I’m for or against that, I am just wondering if one was against it but still wants to do open source work do they have any recourse?
that'll cause some confusion:

https://audacious-media-player.org/
I'm pretty desensitized to stuff, but this study is a horrifying. They basically mutiliated a rat by connecting it to another rat's circulatory system, implanted a uterus and then impregnanted it. It feels like this has crossed some boundaries of ethics. It's like that Russian experiment that decapitated a dog, connected it so that blood was recirculating through its brain, and then let it wake up. It's horrifying to think we can allow this in the name of science.
> I think Microsoft really started the trend, before that it was just called "spyware".

I thought Google was the one that popularized the whole “data-driven decision making”?
> The audacity of it! (pun intended) Fork it, call it Audacious and be done with it.

Already taken by an audio related project: https://audacious-media-player.org/

I have used it for a long time. To my surprise, it is still alive and seems to have evolved a bit seeing the screenshot and it looks good, I think I'll look into it.
"Automation killed ______! Invest in automation."

-Company openly selling automation product
Not much difference? Widening the SF street is running into billions.
"They are de facto not barred from suburbs, meaning suburbs are de facto not racist"

You're pretending that explicit racism is the only form of racism. Modern zoning was invented precisely because the Supreme Court outlawed explicit racial zoning. It was designed to racially segregate and continues to do so.

Example: "More than 80% of America’s large metropolitan areas were more racially segregated in 2019 than they were in 1990"
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jun/28/us-racial-se...

"Correlation does not imply causation."

The history is well documented. Read Color of Law or for a shorter form: https://grist.org/cities/zoned-out-one-womans-half-century-f...

When the origin and outcome are both racist then policy itself is clearly racist.