skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The programming language itself has very little to do with the revenue something generates.

Revenue isn't generated by technical details, those are just the implementation of a product that itself is just an implementation of the goals of the business.

The reason people are and aren't programming in PHP is just plain and simple: taste. Maybe ff 10 developers in a team want to use PHP they can just do that, as long as at the end of the line the product delivers. If 3/10 want to use PHP, and 7/10 want to use C# then no, it will not likely run on PHP. And if as a developer you prefer certain features or tools over others, you are likely to select the technologies that suit that.

None of the technical details had anything to do with the value that was created.

If your requirements say that 100 people per minute need to be able to find, basket and purchase product on a website, and those requirements are met, does it really matter if the codebase is a combination of AppleScript and an ActiveX control? (I know, that technically doesn't exist, not the point)

Now, if those requirements also include scaling needs, long-term support needs, knowledge sharing, consultancy options, then you might not select those technologies.
Plenty of people are openly discussing it on Twitter.

Jaron Lanier's book Who Owns The Future? discussed this idea; maybe it's worth revisiting now.
The arguments are already weak. The judicial precedent, however, is strong. Microsoft will continue to publish proprietary ML models and profit off them, at the expense of the corpus authors (us lowly laborers).
As someone who's been part of a number of communities in SecondLife for 15+ years, this is exactly the problem that platform has had in becoming THE metaverse.

Despite technically having everything required to tick that box, development is shackled to the funding capability of a single company, land values are extortionary considering the cost of server hosting these days ($300+ for a 'sim' a month, when they shard them up 100s to a server).

The solution has to be a set of standard protocols and interfaces that can be implemented by anyone, just as 'the web' was. Every time I see a 'Secondlife killer' come along I judge it's success at taking out the incumbent on it's openness, and I'm yet to see a real contender.
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Right, but do you have any historic examples? I see none.
> Now what about any generated new source? How similar does it need to be to any source to be a copy? At what size of the generated code it qualifies to be a copy instead of a snippet of industry best practice?

Let's handle the simplest case first: Copilot can and does regurgitate large pieces of its training dataset verbatim. This is a well-known and trivially demonstrable property of all ML models in this family. Would such exact copy fall under the license of the code being copied? This of course needs to be tested in courts, but my gut says "yes". The problem now is, if you're using Copilot, you may end up with such copied code in your codebase without ever knowing, and this might open you to liability.
A rebase always creates a new hash, because the commit hash is a hash over the contents of the commit. This contents include, among others, the parent commit(s) and the time of committing (which in case of a rebase will be different than the time of authoring).
how well does copilot respect licenses? I'm willing to bet it accidentally ingested some GPL code and will be spitting it out at some point. would that be allowed by GPL?

also, someone could deliberately obfuscate the license text to fool it but still be clear enough for humans. something like "License: if you use this source code to train a bot then you must obtain a commercial license, otherwise MIT license applies". bot searches for "MIT" and thinks it's safe.
> As an Arabic speaker, I can totally read a text the way it was pronounced 14 centuries ago

You probably cannot. Every region with a tradition of reciting the Qur'an has their own way of pronouncing it. It would be a strange coincidence if your tradition in particular happened to keep the pronunciation unchanged while all the others didn't.

E.g. do you pronounce ﺽ as a pharyngealized voiced alveolar lateral fricative? That's the most likely reconstruction of the sound: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%8C%C4%81d
Honestly, that would fix every issue with it. The laundering of the license is the issue.
I'm feeling like we need a new gpl. One that prohibits training machine learning models that regurgitate code directly.
The answer wasn’t obvious to me. Nice solution.

It sounds like you’re a part of the Copilot team. If so, then I’m happy to see the Copilot team cares about these issues at all. I was expecting nothing but stonewall until the conversation died out, since realistically the chance of the EFF bringing or winning a lawsuit seems small. (And who else would try?)

But when you anger the world and being so much attention to this delicate issue of copyright in AI, you risk every hobbyist. Suppose the world decides that AI models need to be restricted. Now every person who wants to get into AI will need to deal with it. I’m not sure anyone else cares, but I care, because it’s the difference between someone getting into woodworking (an unrestricted hobby) vs becoming a lawyer or doctor (the maximally restrictive hobby). The closer we are to the latter, the fewer ML practitioners we’ll see in the long run. And even though the world will go along fine — it always does — it’d be a sad outcome, since the only way it could happen is if gigantic corporations were flagrantly flying in the face of copyright spirit, daring it to punish you.

My point is, please care about the right things. No one cared about language filters on ML models outside of a select vocal group, yet look how deeply OpenAI took those concerns to heart. Everybody cares whether their personal or professional work is being ripped off by an overfitted AI model, and it wasn’t obvious that GitHub or OpenAI gave it more than a passing thought.

Backlinking to the training set should help. But it’s also going to catapult the concern of “holy moly, this code is GPL licensed!” to the front and center of anyone who works in corporate settings. Gamedev is particularly insular when it comes to GPL, and I can just imagine the conversations at various studios. “This thing might spit out GPL? We can’t use this.”

My point is, when you launch that new feature to address people’s concerns, please ensure it’s working. You won’t be able to do exact string matches against the training set; you can’t rely on “well, it’s slightly different, so it’s not really the same thing.” If it’s substantially similar, it needs to be cited. And that seems like a much tougher problem than merely building an index of matching code fragments.

If you launch it, and it doesn’t work, it’s going to stoke the flames. Careful not to roast.
Depends on the machine. The earliest implementations of HT worked by statically partitioning various caches and other resources in the processor core in half, which meant that a single-threaded process really could slow down by having HT enabled but not actively used. Newer desktop-class processors tend to have no significant downsides to leaving HT enabled, but there might still be some SMT implementations on niche products that don't handle this well.
Stallman did not gave Symbolics his Lisp interpreter.

Symbolics had a license for MIT's Lisp system.
The conventional definition of "open source" is software licensed under a OSI-approved license.
How do you know it's working if it doesn't have unit tests that exercise edge cases? Or even basic functionality? Also, good unit testing can allow you to reduce the time it takes to write software by giving you an isolated environment to run your code.

Unit tests are a tool to get you to working code.
Few years ago, the Kuwaiti govt started collecting DNA from every person in the country.

There was also a news article about British schools collecting DNA of their students and passing it to the cops (don’t know if this is fake news or not).

We are not far from the scenario where some every human’s DNA is in some massive database, Wikipedia style.
I recognise your comments from several different threads, and I'm wondering if you might not be working against your own ideals. The GPL license is intended to persuade other sources to share their contributions when building on top, which I assume is what you would like to see happen. If everything is GPL then everything is open source, everyone can use anything, including training AI methods, etc.

The problem posed with copilot is in fact the opposite. By taking it to its logical conclusion, this might make it possible to disregard this effort and use GPL code on your private project.
They should really have trained models based on the license, so a GPL-2.0-only model, 2+, 3+, 3 only LGPL 2.1(+), CDDL, MIT, et cetera.

As it stands, the combined inputs leaves the model in the most murky of gray areas.
In my opinion this voting system on public sites is bad idea. Simply showing number of upvotes / downvotes is sort of ok. Making downvoted posts loose visibility is the most fucked up implementation I think. It makes for heavy self censoring which in theory should be against the very idea of HN.

Personally I sometimes upvote posts and had never downvoted a single one disregarding how much I do not like it.

I know this one will be downvoted as well but I have better things to enjoy in life vs winning a pop contest on social media.
Is that the conventional definition? People here seem to be using it as some combination of "sentient" "creative" and "can do math problems in their heads". There's a lot of confusion between future and present capability in its usage.
Just read this page of comments, it’s pretty typical. Dozens of people saying he was a nutty asshole and dozens of people saying he was a complex visionary. That’s par for the course.
Estimating x86 core frequency is a lot trickier than you've implied.
> Nobody is really being hurt when a new tool makes it easier to copy little bits of code from the internet.

Of course people are hurt, namely the original creators who spent years of work and whose work is potentially laundered, depending on how good this IP grabbing AI will get.

If it gets really good, some smug and well connected loser (e.g. the type who posts pictures of himself with a microphone on GitHub) will click a button, steal other people's hard work and start a "new" project that supersedes the old one.
Almost all Visa/Mastercard cards support this. It's actually better with chip cards since they're MCUs, capable of storing data including offline 'credit limits' and tabulating how much has been debited offline. Can verify pins offline too.

When you buy food/beer on a plane/train, this is probably happening. Ryanair would rather eat the cost of a fraudulent payment than pay for data and slow down their salespeople.
Shorter: https://www.landvaluetax.org/history/winston-churchill-said-...
So @chrisseaton was correct, you did edit your posts and their question was in good faith.

Edit - I’m adding another point as an edit to show another way to communicate. Would any of your points been lost had you done something similar?
Why? Would you rather know where you stand or have your boss put on on a performance improvement plan and marginalize you until you quit? Which is worse?
How can astronomers be sure which galaxy a standard candle supernova is in ? Couldn’t it be behind or in front of the galaxy by many light years ?
Hmm, yes I suppose that would make it "API Improvement Proposals Improvement Proposals"
As long as we’re being pedantic, Mandelbrot is a name.
I get your point, but I'm talking about Palo Alto specifically.

Even in the 90s Palo Alto had SRO housing for the homeless, required section 8 housing in new developments, and a lower median income than neighboring Menlo Park or Los Altos (and I read actually MV too, though I find that hard to believe). There was more tolerance for goofball behavior, though perhaps less than the 70s or 80s.

But 21st century Palo Alto is a different beast, and much more boring. People moved here to gain wealth (rather than nerd out) and once they had it, flaunt it. It's a real shame; there are plenty of other places to do that.
If I'm interpreting what the author said correctly, it is an incredibly resounding no. It sounds like these platforms are using the CDC as a credible source for information and the platforms are creating their own guidelines for what can and cannot be said.

Being concerned about treating the government as a reliable source of information is one thing, but conflating it with guidance on acceptable speech is quite another.
The zoning isn't everything, but it's definitely one of the things that has to change. If everywhere in California had Sacramento's ministerial housing ordinance (60-90 day approvals, everything as of right), AND zoning reform, AND major reduction in impact fees, you'd start to make a dent in the problem.

Rezoning is a necessary but not sufficient condition.
The standard definition of "open source" is https://opensource.org/osd, which has:

"Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria: ... The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research."
Borrowing money doesn't mean borrowing every penny you can, nor does it mean buying anything specific.

Some people believe that borrowing or lending at interest is fundamentally wrong, but I never see these articles make that assertion and explain the basis for it.
Women suicides spike in Japan amid pandemic
There is opensimulator (open source second life server)
Is it ok if I ask if you live near Tønsberg?

If not, just pretend you didn't see this message :-)
I own property in downtown SF and I want it to expand massively. The current system is completely untenable. This is not to my direct/immediate benefit of course, the current situation is just straight-up SF city mismanagement.
FYI, the post you replied to is entirely a quote from the article (even though formatting makes it appear that only the second paragraph is a quote). So the poster likely is not working on copilot.
How far behind do other big languages (Chinese, Arabic, Spanish, Hindi) lag behind English when it comes to full text search?
Where are you seeing that they are using a non-commercial license?

(And non-commercial licenses are not open source: https://opensource.org/osd)
Opensimulator exists
IPv4 and nat is not the only problem that limits p2p, asymmetrically slower upload speeds , even on fiber are another problem.
So the boot's on the other foot. <grin>

In every other country except France, it can only be called 'Sparkling Wine', not 'Champagne'.

In Australia, the slang for all sparkling wines, Champagne included, is 'Bubbly': "Three glasses of Bubbly, thanks."
That's not telemetry, it's the prompt to the model to generate the rest of the text. I would assume it's not saved.
These things alway assume prices are stable. But once you get dumping currently high-priced metals onto the market, those prices drop to the cost of getting them to the market.

If some common metals become valuable in orbit, the price at orbit matches the cost of lofting the same amount from the ground. That will be $20,000/ton pretty soon, or maybe even $10,000, but probably won't decline much from there until somebody comes up with a better way to loft it than rockets. A space elevator is one of the less practical of such ideas.

I like the idea of a wheel a few miles across, rolling in orbit so the bit closest to the earth is, momentarily, at rest relative to the ground. Then, a rocket just has to get up to that spot at 0 mph, and it can grab and get flung somewhere at twice orbital velocity; or hang on and ride the elevator to the hub. At the hub you would need ion rockets running continuously to keep it up, but they are cheap. To build it, the big wheel would need a fair bit of metal lofted to orbit. You might start with just a rotating stick.
Tangent: Many people on HN are probably familiar with Snow Crash; for those who aren't, you might enjoy it, or its less-sarcastic meta-sequel, The Diamond Age.
There could be an "Option 5" where you find a way to get Copilot to ingest large amounts of broken, dangerous, etc, code.
This article sounds like bullshit and I am sure I could handle this without a lawyer in "administrative court".
I filed 4 law suits in administrative courts in my country and won them all. I used a lawyer only once in another EU country for my girl friend since I did not speak the local language. In hind sight I may have done it myself since my language should have been recognized as a minority language in court in this country. But the lawyer was only 300 Euro.

This is still the west and courts still work. Don't be intimidated.
It's "very limited types of personal data" until you become a despicable copyright violator.
> There is no defending copyright. It is indefensible from first principles. It makes no logical sense.

What does that even mean? The intent from the beginning of copyright was to allow people to live off of intellectual works by claiming legal rights over the work.

There are no “first principles” from which basically any societal agreements like these are derived.

Even something as simple as “murder is illegal” isn’t actually derived from any first principles because the government is allowed to murder people, citizens are during self defense, etc.
I don’t understand what you want me to explain. I mean, do you really expect an answer to that question? Do you really think it’s phrased precisely enough for it to be possible to answer it coherently?
> The "hint" you are referring to is the Zone.Identifier - which only tells you what internet zone it was downloaded from (trusted, internet or untrusted). It's only available for browser downloads to an NTFS disk

~ from the superuser link above.

So what actual use is this small field? Wouldn't it be more useful for windows to provide the url and some function to determine if it was trusted?
If you don't pay your mortgage, and you refuse to leave, they might still throw you in jail. Ditto if you don't pay your car loan, and you try to keep them from taking the car.
Currently about 3/4 of the land area of San Francisco is zoned to only allow single-family houses or duplexes. All of the pale yellow areas in https://sfplanning.org/sites/default/files/resources/2019-02... (RH-1 and RH-2 zones).

Most of that area is not classified as historical, and a lot of it is filled with relatively cheaply constructed and not particularly beautiful buildings (property values have increased a lot in the past few decades). The residential streets in most of that area are way wider than currently necessary and there is a lot of free or cheap street parking everywhere, but some arterial roads are a bottleneck during commute hours and public transit is inadequate. The zoning is basically “sleepy low-density beach town” rather than “cosmopolitan city”.

Changing the zoning of most of those areas to the purple (NCT) or medium orange (RM, RC, RTO) types is not the only change needed, and it won’t make a difference overnight, but it would eventually allow something like doubling the population of the city without requiring anything taller or larger than 4–10-unit low-rise buildings. It would probably also force the city to make a bunch of public transit upgrades, as the whole western half of the city is currently pretty isolated from the more connected eastern half.
Not to defend the tone-deaf comments, but in some circumstances there's maybe part of a point? When you're aligned with your work, when it's meaningful and aligned with your personal goals, hard separations between work and life matter a lot less. You can be in a flow kind of state for quite a while and be happy.

I believe that discounting finding meaning from work is too cynical. But it only exists for some people in some jobs, some of the time. I think the visceral reaction to Bezos' comments is because we know it definitely can't exist in so many Amazon jobs.
This is precisely why all of the large volume cloud server farms I worked with turn off throttling: they need 100% predictable CPU utilization. I worked on power control strategies at Intel for quite some time, and we would often joke in server (Xeon) parts that it was pointless because all of our work was disabled.

Early throttles were 50% duty cycles, then L1 bubble injections, then V/F frequency scaling. The author only addresses the early mechanisms, but it gets even more complex with the PCUs in the later Xeons.

It is not an easy question to answer, but I think the question can be modified. A single number doesn't solve the problem, you need to know utilization in the context of throttling (and magnitude). Then decide what you are trying to solve: scheduling or app-level throttling? Personally, the Hz denominator should change if it used in utilization , since that covers the majority of cases. Any other case should read both metrics.

EDIT: Removed generalization and worded as anecdote.
ah yea makes sense
And, do we not bleed the same blood?
Determining how much is in use out of what is practically available is relatively easy. But determining what is 100% is still difficult to decide on, CPUs have too many frequency options to decide what the "real" 100% point is. Even picking the base frequency as the reference would be a pain to properly monitor and predict, and to take decisions based on that.
Fuki?
I worry that violates freedom 0, although maybe you could add something about the "use" applying to humans. But then what about bots and scripts running automatically?
Military supersonic flight over land in the US only happens over unpopulated areas. Ie, parts of Idaho, Nevada desert etc. Most supersonic training is conducted over the oceans, eg >15nm from the east coast.
I wouldn't think to call that telemetry either, but it is addressed in this doc about telemetry: https://docs.github.com/en/github/copilot/telemetry-terms#ad...
It's pretty easy though. Leave all the commits. Put meaningful messages in your merge commits, and your clean macro history is just merge commits and the messy one is the rest.
The human brain isn't Turing-complete as that would require infinite memory. I'm not saying that GPT-3 is even close, but it is in the same category. I tried playing chess against it. According to chess.com, move 10 was its first mistake, move 16 was its first blunder, and past move 20 it tried to make illegal moves. Try playing chess without a chessboard and not making an illegal move. It is difficult. Clearly it does understand chess enough not to make illegal moves as long as its working memory allows it to remember the game state.
You really can't make a categorical statement like that. I prefered living in an apartment because the housing density meant I had a grocery store, a farmer's market, and multiple other commercial hubs within walking distance. It also meant that street planning gave priority to public transport and pedestrians. There were plenty of jobs available within reasonable commute times. My neighbours gave me an easy-to-access network of people that you could befriend and somewhat rely on.

There's so many positives to living in an apartment that are pretty much direct effects of the denser housing.
Curious, do you look these up manually or have a script generate these comments for you? Thanks for all you do dang.