skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Asking the question of when the Roman Empire fell leads you into a decently difficult task of asking what constitutes a fall, and indeed what actually fell in the first place.

The traditional answer of 476 is interesting for things that didn't happen in 476:

* The capital of the Roman Empire wasn't sacked, nor was the capital of the Western Roman Empire sacked.

* The last claimant of Augustus of the Western Roman Empire wasn't killed. (Although the imperial court in the Eastern Roman Empire didn't recognize his claim).

* No vestiges of Roman rule, such as the Roman Senate, ended.

* Contemporary political discussions didn't feel that a major event or break in history had happened.

* Archaeological evidence doesn't point to a major break in the economic conditions or the material record of the era (that would come later, with the Plague of Justinian).

Of course, many pedants will come out saying that the Roman Empire really fell in 1453, because that it is when the Ottomans sacked Constantinople. But again, why 1453?

* Why not 1204, when the Latin Empire sacked Constantinople and ruled from there for 60 years?

* Why not 1461, when the Empire of Trebizond (another rump state of the Byzantine Empire created by the sack in 1204) fell to the Ottomans?

* Or indeed, why not 1475, when the Principality of Theodoro, itself the rump state of the Empire of Trebizond, also gave in to the Ottomans?

* Or 1460, when the Despotate of Morea--the last part of the Byzantine Empire supposedly conquered by the Ottomans--was disestablished as a tributary state by the Ottomans?

* Indeed, it's worth pointing that the last Byzantine Empire had to have his accession to the throne confirmed by the Ottoman Emperor of the time (Murad II)--the Byzantine Empire by the 1440s was itself basically an unruly tributary state of the Ottoman Empire.

So going back to the article's question, if lead poisoning is supposedly one of the reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire, which fall of which Roman Empire are they talking about, and why didn't it contribute to the not-falling of the contemporary not-exactly-the-Roman-Empires running about?
There is not a single question in GP's comment, let alone a legitimate one.
That's true, but as a microkernel, seL4 has a very limited scope. It's not in the same ballpark as, say, the Linux kernel. It's more like a hypervisor. [0]

From a quick google, seL4 has around 10,000 lines of C code, whereas the Linux kernel has around 30,000,000.

[0] https://sel4.systems/About/seL4-whitepaper.pdf
As in my previous post: I'd be interested to see any similar research that points towards any other conclusion.

Seriously, I don't have a dog in this fight, I'm interested in the reality. In your previous comment, you asked for evidence - I've provided a selection of studies supporting the previous poster's position. If you disagree, please produce peer-reviewed studies refuting these points.

Currently you're listing unsupported ad-hominems against both the various researchers involved and Harvard (and honestly, I think saying that nobody takes Harvard seriously is a bit of a stretch). Regardless of the individuals: the linked studies were all reviewed in depth and accepted by a wide assortment of respected academic journals from across the field of public health.

If you think there are specific flaws in the methodology then please, be specific, but rejecting evidence you disagree with as 'junk science' out of hand is not helpful.

The 'small sample size' and 'unreleased data' you reference is specifically tenuous, since much of the referenced research is based entirely on public data & official statistics, such as the National Crime Victimization Survey (https://bjs.ojp.gov/data-collection/ncvs) produced and released annually by the US Justice Department.

On age: the sibling reply here was wrong and the most recent study listed in that Harvard analysis is actually 2015, but still, age has little bearing here unless you think there's been a very significant change in gun usage in recent years that would invalidate the past conclusions. If so, do please explain why that is.

In the meantime, take a look at https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/articl... as one more example: a 2020 research paper published by a peer-reviewed medical journal, which doesn't involve David Hemenway or Harvard, but supports similar claims backed by public fatality statistics from 2011-2018, and specifically showing that gun self-defense statistics today continue to match patterns from past research in the 80s.

I understand that you don't agree with this research. If you want to convince anybody else, find some concrete reviewed research or hard statistics that directly support your claims (specifically, research that shows "Firearms are used almost exclusively for legal defense", as you claimed above).
"I could try composing wonderful musical works, or day-long entertainment epics, but what would that do? Give people pleasure? My wiping this table gives me pleasure."
(Iain M. Banks, Use of Weapons)
This is a typical issue with HN posts.

Some poor soul wrote a somewhat competent and maybe even lengthy blog post / article about something they really care about and are knowledgeable about. It may be directed at a specific audience, or maybe just screaming into the void to record down some insight they had for themselves to read again later, or similar. And they use a more-than-necessary general title like "the best tool you'll ever see" with "you" meaning either just themselves or a narrow target audience or so.

And then somebody comes along who finds it interesting, submits it to HN, it makes front page, and now it looks like the poor author with their more-general-than-needed title is making a general statement about sth for the changed audience which is the HN crowd, but which is distinctly different from the original target audience.

Case in point: The articles author self describes as: "I'm an aerospace engineer that writes software. I love math and science, and I have two cats."

For an aerospace engineer this all makes a lot of sense and is a super great tool, I'm sure. It's just not for the overall HN crowd. And it's not the authors fault.
Basically everyone in IT aquipment procurement, PC gamers, automobile factories, and hardware designers: have you've missed the news?

Actually, some software companies (especially Electron-based software) have realised how grave the hardware shortages are now that they're optimising their software to run more efficiently at the expense of slowdown in feature-adding (which if it's a more normal event it will be ignored for development velocity).
Politics; until 1860 politicians were "walking on eggshells" on anything different between the north and south. Any move would create winners, losers, and a lot of trouble.

There was no real reason to do it until nuclear weapons came along; it's scary how vulnerable DC is to a missile attack from sea. DC and Virginia are the only place you're not allowed to have a radar detector and if you go looking you could find any "stick a stock missile (say sidewinder) on a mobile platform" platform made by our allies parked on a vacant lot in that area.
Author mentions backdraws of passive watching. I always watch movies with a remote to skip ahead/back/pause 3 seconds, which I do on long boring shots, expected plot, thin conversation etc. It allows for a more concentrated, reading-like experience.
Unless I see resonantly well documented rising temperatures, I'm not inclined to believe that there are climate extremes any different from what are normal variations. ( and no this does not mean we get a free pass to mess up the environment, which IMO need to be cleaned up big time).

People have very short memories, and often it is the _current_ summer/winter that appears to be the harshest to them, not the one that happened 20 years ago. Memories are even more shorter when it is generational.
I do think something changed with cheap, ubiquitous CG, including how capable modern action heroes are, which is perfectly capable, because nothing's actually happening and there are no limits. Film used to be larger than life, obviously, but now even movies with a "realistic" setting are full-on fantasy.

Compare the action in Bullitt to something like a later entry in the Fast and the Furious franchise, for example. Imagine an already fairly intense and over-the-top scene like Ripley fighting the alien queen in the loader-mech—there'd just be so much more in a modern movie. They'd smash between rooms, swing from the ceiling, shit would be exploding everywhere but Our Hero would always not quite get hurt by it. Indiana Jones 1-3? Way too tame, needs more stuff flying all over the screen and expert-level acrobatic stunts by the hero.

I haven't watched the Independence Day sequel, but I bet a higher percentage of its runtime was special-effects-heavy action, because that's so cheap now. You can even fill in more of that to cut down on your shooting schedule (less time that the actors are on screen).

Action in high-budget modern films is more perfect and precise—the hero must always be narrowly avoiding something—and the heroes tend to be even less relatable than before, and the balance of talking to action has shifted toward action. That may not be worse, but it is different, and noticing that difference or preferring one over the other need not be pure nostalgia.
Good question.

Romans studied lead poisoning to some extent. Their word for lead poisoning was saturnism [1]. Which makes me think they either didn't know any better, or they found out so late that they could not afford to replace their lead with a safer material.

[1] https://archive.epa.gov/epa/aboutepa/lead-poisoning-historic...
It has been said that the quickest way to get a question answered online is to prominently post the wrong answer. I feel like this was Aquinas's role in the development of western philosophy.
Same reason I don't care about eating meat, but wouldn't be able to kill a cow (or at least would feel bad about it): emotions are low-intelligence.

I can visualize the unemployment caused by some optimization that I wrote, but emotions don't engage with abstractions. Until that means that Jared will have to go home and tell Laura that he has been fired and now they can't afford their house it doesn't engage emotions.

And my logic says, why should I care about a person I have never met? I am strictly worse of for having them in the first place.
You are much less likely to get infected with the same variant once you've recovered from it, and once vaccinations and natural immunity is more widespread worldwide new variants will arise at a slower rate, similar to flu or cold.
> and I can’t see how the situation can be improved, at least for quite some time.

It can be improved if we support companies selling computers with FLOSS firmware and disabling Intel ME.
About the comment about “only 6 plots”. Indeed almost all plots can be bucketed in a few categories, but that’s not necessarily a bad thing.

When a scene looks like it has been done before, it’s the small differences from the previous time that make it stand out. Much like Jazz can sound the same for many people, but for people who listened to a lot of it different sounds make it interesting.

I’ll take a very obvious example: Frozen’s true love kiss. It works just because it is the same old shtick used in every princess story, without it, it’s uniqueness would not exist.

It might be the same 6 plots, but it’s like complaining you’re eating beef again. The question is what is different about this red meat dish vs the others.
I think the old crash report screen will be answer to the paranoid crowds now. App crash the stack trace windows appears with the data and a button to click to email the stack trace to the developers. That used to be the norm before privacy data became lucrative business.
I'm using tabmanager.io for this purpose, i.e. syncing windows as group of tabs. But I know similar features to this extension for tab-groups are currently being added.
The goal of the article is educate on the mathematics, not a tutorial on how best to do mathematical modelling with Julia. An article like that is better served explaining the inner workings of the Black Box, rather than just using the Black Box.
The models I tested included the Wii/Wii U official adapter and the official Switch adapter.
The allocations thing in particular. You can watch serious C++ practitioners staring at a class definition and usage and trying to figure out answers to a quiz question, "How many allocations does this do?". Is that line a Move or a Copy? That's a bad sign for a language you'd supposedly want to write OS kernels in.

Rust got luckier here, by the time Rust was invented programmers knew they really care about this, and so Rust explicitly distinguishes Copy (this object is just bits, so you can duplicate it by copying the bits), from Clone (this object can be duplicated, but you need to call its clone() method to explicitly do that work) and gives Move semantics to all assignments of types which do not have Copy.

So in Rust "let a = b" definitely isn't doing memory allocation, it just moves bits. If you misunderstand the situation and assumed b is still valid because it was Copy, but actually it isn't, the compiler has your back and will politely refuse to let you use variable b after it was Moved. If you did still need b you can write "let a = b.clone()" and now they both still exist but anybody can see this code might be doing something expensive 'cos it calls this clone method. And if the compiler says "Ahem, you can't Clone that" then you've just learned something very important about the thing that a minute ago you assumed was just a few trivially duplicated bits.
> We need to start reducing our carbon emissions aggressively within the next 5 years.

Just need to point out that a price on carbon is a mechanism for achieving exactly this. The goal is to make emitting energy sources expensive enough that people shift to carbon free alternatives wherever possible.
> Can’t they measure more objective data points like deliveries per hour, missdeliveries, mishandled/broken items (controlled for traffic, pop density, data from deliveries to similar areas, etc) rather than other things like “doesn’t get along with boss:peers, has bad breath, makes cat-calls, etc.

In principle this sounds great. In practice, there are so many other edge case variables that an algorithm cannot control for (but a human manager can). Some amount of discretion is required when enforcing rules, which an algorithm is incapable of.
This is why all AI today falls o to the narrow AI category. It just often omitted because it's true for all of them.
> wait a year or two, and check how much spam you get on those addresses

Anecdote: I've been using a catch all email address on my own domain for about six months, and signed up for hundreds of services. So far, excluding aggressive marketing emails from the services I signed up for, I've gotten about five spam emails, and all of them were to random aliases on my domain that I've never used or shared like sales@yositosdomain but I am very curious to see how many spam emails I get to different aliases over time.
For values that fit in a machine word, there are adder and multiplier designs that make the difference irrelevant. For larger values, or with some other adder/multiplier designs with different trade-offs, LE is dramatically faster.

Specifically, the problem is with "carries". When you're adding (or subtracting, or multiplying, or dividing, I'll just discuss adding) two binary values you might have to carry a 1 to the next place.

If you've got a BE value and an adder stage smaller than that value (say, a 32-bit number and 1-bit adder stages) you have to carry a 1 many times to output the result. If you're receiving the value in BE order 1 bit at a time you can't start the computation until you have the LSBs of both values, since if they're both 1 they'll affect the second bit by their carry. So you're stuck waiting for the entire value to start the computation. Further, during the computation you have to wait for every 1-bit adder in sequence.

There are "fast" adder designs that don't have to wait for every bit, but can instead work on groups of multiple bits with a carry-out at the end of the group. So if you've got an 8-bit group size, you'd have at most 3 carry delays during the computation of the output. For BE, you'd have to wait for all 4 bytes to be received, then wait for all the carry delays. For LE, you can start the computation as soon as the first byte is received, saving some time.

The larger the adder group size the more die area is needed, the stronger the drive strength of the transistors needs to be (bigger fan-out), and the slower the maximum clock of the overall system. On the other hand the bigger the group size the fewer carry delays, so addition can take fewer cycles. Most CPUs and MCUs implement single-cycle addition of their word size. Some CPUs even implement single-cycle multiplication at their word size.
Speed reading is training your field of view. I would agree that speed reading code is not really useful (even though skimming code looking for interesting stuff is), but what is immensely useful is being able to notice changes on your screen in general. Did something go from green to orange in your IDE? Was there an interesting keyword in the logs flowing by? Did this icon just blink? Has this counter just gone up?

I'm often astonished by the stuff people don't see on their screens when helping them debug something. Replying to "how did you know?!" by pointing to the edge of the screen where some small blob went from green to orange or to red is something that happens more often that I'd expect.
Complaining that your glass is 7% empty while mine is 93% full. This is a relatively good result.
Show HN: Firestore Query Observer API wrapper library
“Selected” doesn’t imply “better”, just that it was included in the set.
If you feel like this you may be interested in anime. If you're ok with reading subtitles, or watching a smaller subset of the entire corpus with good English voice overs, you'll find some pretty amazing stories and a very different story telling method from what is available in Hollywood.

Great places to start:

- Mob Psycho (good English voice overs): A show about a high schooler who has magical powers (telekinesis, etc). He works for a "Psychic" (con artist) to help people who encountered ghosts or spirits. This is a coming of age story about emotions and friendship.

- One Punch Man: Super heros are common place and there's one guy who is determined to become the best. He starts a work out routine where he does 100 sit ups, 100 push ups, and 100 squats every day and, somehow, he becomes the strongest thing in the universe able to destroy anything with a single punch.

- Jojo's Bizarre Adventure: A Japanese manga author's attempt at taking inspiration from 1800s western story telling and American culture. It's a story about how something happened which changed the destiny of the Joestar family.

Something to expect is the motifs, character archetypes, and method of showing something are very different from the movies and TV I grew up on. Jojo has done some things that aren't a good look in western media.

Also, a lot of really good anime is only really good because it is a masterful subversion of tropes which makes it hard to give people recommendations to some of the best shows out there. The recommendation would go "please watch these 15 garbage shows (~40hr of content) so you can watch this one 14 episode (~5 hr of content) show that's been cancelled. It's worth it, I swear."
> Wraith of Khan

I know this is just a typo/autocorrupt (and goodness knows I’ve had plenty of those in my comments here, some spotted only after the edit window closes), but this does sound like an plot for either The Lower Decks or Rick & Morty.

But to your actual point: I agree, I don’t think genius is correlated with corrupted power. High-IQ watering holes like HN and Less Wrong may be filled with people whose ambitions include want to radically change the world (and HN being part of Y Combinator suggests a desire to get rich doing so), but they don’t give me the vibe of wanting to rule it like the character of Kahn.
>We, in tech like to think about technological solutions to a problem. In this case the tech is here. Its affordable, but we are not embracing it as we should.

Even when it makes financial sense people may be attached to the old way of doing things. They may drive an ICE car because they want to complete their 500 mile trip with one tank even though charging on the way only delays the trip by 30 minutes, something which is possible today.

There are inferior ways of achieving a goal that don't harm the planet. They often require a small sacrifice but they are possible today. When someone insists on an ICE because of a difference in range, they insist that engineers solve the impossible e.g. carbon capture [0] even though a possible solution exists.

That is the real problem. We collectively decide to create a problem that is impossible to solve and then we point at the engineers. They are already solving problems, you know, the solvable ones.

[0] By that I mean enough carbon capture to undo all the pollution that we didn't even try to prevent.
It's a translation. It was originally written in Latin.
WebKit is LGPL though, not GPL, and it was built as a specially maintained dynamic library specifically to avoid having to publish the source code for the whole game.
I'm looking forward when I'll be cancelled because I left the default branch name as master on my public github repos.

No joke, in my mind this "solution" is on the same level as this monstrous cancelculture. You put a tracking in an OSS project that sends 2 anonym ID and maybe an IP address (which is easily spoofable anyway)? Time to cancel your career and your livelihood.
If they pay generously how come they have billions in profits? Shouldn't a good chunk of that go into salaries?

It's the same as colonisers offering locals tat for their gold.
Unless any of the services you sign up for decide to log passwords like Facebook did, or store password hashes insecurely and get their database dumped online. I think it's pretty unsafe to assume that none of the passwords in your vault will leak from the service side, you just have to rely on the important services not screwing it up.
I think you do not understand.

When a heat wave comes the people will not be able to "move" themselves.

Most of these people don't have means to do so in best of times.
I wouldn't bother. Their search results are shite
Nice, looking for some intro tutorials about this, such as use rust to write device drivers, rust for linux kernel modules, etc.

rust is more of a secure c++, that has its own object oriented pattern, which linux kernel uses a lot but in C.
Webkit is LGPL, not GPL - not having to share linked code is exactly the main difference between these licenses.
I'm addressing the doing things in code which can't be done in no-code aspect.

I'm old, so allow me to bring into the present an old no-code tool from the past. (It's priced itself into irrelevance in the present)

Delphi was one of the best no-code platforms I ever encountered. It allowed you to do a lot of no code-things, like set up a GUI, etc... but also allowed you to write code that interacted with that GUI, handles events etc.

The key thing is that the objects in the GUI all have properties that can be set in the GUI builder, AND interacted with in code. Changing one doesn't usually break the other.

Change a listbox to a combobox, you can still access the data in it, for example.

You can rename GUI elements, and rename them, and the code gets renamed to match. Two way flow between Code/NoCode is amazingly powerful.

There's a slightly buggy version of Delphi that lives to this day, called Lazarus.

If your tool can support complexity in the code, while letting the user keep changing the GUI, business rules, whatever in the no-code. You'll have given them far more power than almost anything else out there.