skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
It is not uncommon for departments to provide placement information for the graduate students that have completed their program. I've never seen salary information though. No one goes into academia for the money.

The University of Michigan has a really nice online tool:

https://tableau.dsc.umich.edu/t/UM-Public/views/RackhamDocto...

According to that 22% of history grad students from 2015-2020 got tenure track positions. That's quite a crapshoot for investing 5+ years in a career path. And of course you could fall off the tenure track. And Michigan has a top history program.
I would assume the discussions are better because they are smaller. Has any online community managed to maintain quality discussions at scale?
Everything had tradeoffs. Don’t think of this as a binary “work vs startup” decision. Instead, take some time to think about what tradeoffs you’d be making in other areas of your life. For example, 0 income could affect your decision on how often to eat out, going solo means taking on all support issues which can affect your social life. No one can answer this question for you, but the collective wisdom here can help you ask yourself the right questions.
All the three books you've listed focus on APIs and code. It's also useful to know what's going on in the machine so that these APIs can be understood more easily.

The "Operating Systems - Three Easy Pieces" is one great book that has already been mentioned. I would also suggest "Computer Systems - A Programmer's Perspective" along the same lines (https://csapp.cs.cmu.edu/).

Computer Networking is another field you're likely to run into. "Computer Networks: A Systems Approach" is a good book (https://book.systemsapproach.org/)
That smart and savvy HNers are calling a closed audio medium "podcasting" means that the only important open medium for audio and video distribution is dead. Embrace, extend, extinguish works.
> This project seems very similar to Apache Arrow, if OP or anyone else is around to explain why one might be used over the other that would be great.

Arrow is primarily a serialization format to transfer data between distributed systems. It uses zero copy and other techniques to quickly process, and store large data sets in memory.

Other libraries allow you to query Arrow data once processed.

This project is an in-memory columnar data store with querying and other capabilities.
Yep, I agree. I would like to point out though that one of our aims with this is to buffer against that bad research you mention.

Along with our extraction of citation statements, we have a deep learning model that classifies each statement as "supporting", "contrasting", or "mentioning" of the claims made in the original paper.

Indeed there is a lot of nuance here, and we've tried to address this in a number of ways (including a manual flag process for review where someone believes it is incorrectly labeled), and we're constantly improving in this area. In general we would expect that research that is not sound will receive more contrasting citations rather than supporting citations because their findings won't be as well supported by future research.

I should say explicitly that a "contrasting" citation is not a bad thing per se, especially given the nature of scientific discovery. But a study that was published through p-hacking whose findings are not reproducible should be easier to discern through subsequent contrasting citations. In today's world, all we might know is that it was cited a bunch, with the nuance buried underneath.

- Ashish
Even if you rewrite history, the data is not lost. The old commits are still in the reflog and can be recovered.

It’s extremely difficult to lose anything in Git once it’s been committed. You’d have to do something pathological or intentional.
My point is that I don't think there's anything during key generation that requires the resulting key to be secure / chosen 'well', so an attacker might exploit key generation as a way to target a particular spot in the line, where having an insecure/easily compromised key doesn't matter to them even though that may be detrimental to the health of the network. But at least with preimage resistance any public key is just as likely as any other to get a particular spot that they desire so there's no incentive to exploit key generation to get it, they might as well generate a bunch of secure keys if they want to use a bitcoin-style brute force strategy.
He was! He worked on "A Writer at War", and if you check the quotes and references in Stalingrad a huge number are from Grossman or Ehrenburg
If you think you have an idea worth pursuing, work on it on the side while keeping your "day job". If it takes off, quit your job once you can replace your income with the side work. Also, as a warning - double check your intellectual property agreement with your employer. Some employers will draft them so as to read that ANY idea you come up with (either related to their business or not, just because you work for them) is automagically THEIR intellectual property. Needless to say, this not a good position for your new brilliant start-up to be in.
Going to jump in since you're being downvoted for answering honestly. I've interviewed hundreds of people over the past 6 years and hired dozens.

Certificates have NEVER been a strong indicator of skill in my experience and I generally disregard them when looking at applicants.

I give every applicant a very basic fizzbuzz-style test when hiring. You'd be surprised how many people claim to have 10+ or 20+ years of experience, a CS degree, and 3+ certifications and can't answer a question you should be able to master after reading only the first 2 - 3 chapters of an introductory programming book for.

I hired a director of DevOps just eight months ago and I couldn't tell you whether or not he had any certifications. I did, however, explain to him the challenges we were facing and he immediately came up with a solution no other applicants had even mentioned previously. We made an offer the same week.

If you want to work for a company that values certification then I suppose try getting a certification. If you want to work at a company that values your contribution then learn to master your craft: no certification necessary!
Build it on the side (if your employment contract allows for it, by not claiming all IP you build belongs to your employer).

It'll be slower, it'll take you nights and weekends, but in my book that beats the desperate hustle for cash you have when you've got 0 revenue.

By building it as a side project you can pull the trigger once you get some traction.

As a tech person, you probably hadn't had much experience with marketing, sales, business development, company paperwork/taxes .. all important stuff that will sink your startup if not done well. If you're doing this on the side, you've more time to learn the chops in those areas.

Grass is always greener on the other side, don't let that blind you to the grind.
Because the US should want to provide a better quality of life for its citizens than what those people feeling and risking everything in a desperate attempt to get into the US have in their home countries.
Exactly. I've seen this rationalization so much. It's like practically outrage at the mere suggestion that education should have some kind of functional purpose outside of itself.
How I Integrated a Simple CI/CD for Nextjs website on a VPS
This topic is really dicey because as soon as you start exploring the positive aspects of tipping and expectations of service with a smile, you open yourself up criticisms of not caring enough about sexual harassment victims.
From the prospective of a STEM professor:

Honestly? Don't shit on STEM courses. Encourage programs that produce well-rounded students in the liberal arts tradition.

Most humanities departments are dependent on class enrollment - they are so-called "service" departments (vs. research or clinical departments). Enrollment is largely what determines what those departments can support.
I love Camo. Any ETA for the Android version?
I didn't know that Sausage Party was a movie :

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage_Party

the Working Conditions section covers the controversy over pay and conditions.

edit the article you refer to without any Google AMP nonsense (sorry for not catching that before) https://variety.com/2016/film/news/sausage-party-animators-u...
I’m a professor too.

This really depends on the field. For any field, you need to think about the outside options (I.e., non academic). If they are good and you would be happy, a phd may be a good move.

In economics, the outside options include government, policy (foundations and think tanks) and the private sector. Many are lucrative and / or rewarding in other ways. Furthermore, unlike in CS there are some roles in economics and policy which you cannot fill without a PhD.

It may be a good move!
What makes git really complicated is that for every command you type, there are two things that may be affected:

* the working copy

* the graph

And it gets better, if any file gets disconnected from the graph, it can be hard to locate. (Yes I know, it can be found in the reflog)
Great article, I'd like to see several pairs of pen and paper RPG groups with identical characters attempt the same pre-built adventure with one group employing the strategy outlined and see which group is more successful.
I can't possibly afford the trip, so I'll have to take your word for it.
[misunderstanding removed]
One of the huge benefits I’ve seen since switching to remote work is fewer distractions due to “shoulder taps” throughout the day. It seems like this app is meant to recreate an environment where more of those interruptions can occur again. Why is this desirable? What happens if management mandates this “open hangout” type of system and requires that people who need to focus are still available for “drop ins” at all times?

I feel like I’m missing something, here, but this app may not be for me.
Native app or is it native?
Occasionally seen people talk about native app when they actually describing web based hybrid app (capacitor / cordova) or abstracted UI (react native / flutter).

Should we really call them native app? Otherwise how do we distinct them from the traditional java / swift / objective-c / kotlin app?

My concern is not about the programming languages but the added layer of abstraction.
Alternate headline: "Supreme Court unanimously sides with former college players in dispute with NCAA about compensation" (from ESPN).

Note that this is a narrow ruling about the NCAA limiting educational compensation and what scholarships can encompass-- but some justices gave indications that they disagree with the NCAA compensation restrictions at large.
I did a similar transition. I started doing projects on the side, many of which never worked out. Finally when I got something that got traction I left my job. Your first idea could be the one but most likely it is not. Experimenting first while on the job will reduce your risk considerably.
> This is my biggest argument against UBI cause even 1,000 a month won't cut it in most us cities.

What cities exist where you get more than $1,000/person-month in means-tested welfare?

Any benefit beyond the current means-tested welfare maximums from UBI is gravy; the main point is to replace means-tested welfare with a system that removes administative costs produced by duplication of function and perverse incentives created by fubding cliffs.
> I know I'm gonna get some hate for pointing this out but this same disdain is what causes things like the branchless workflow. A workflow that hamstrings yourself to git stash as a poor man's branch.

FYI, the branchless workflow linked to in the post is really the opposite of this. It encourages making commits even more often than you would in the traditional branching workflow, and discourages using the staging area or stashes when commits would work fine.
The Mysterious Island is no more mysterious
I don't like OSMAnd+ because on Android panning and scrolling around is slow even if you have pre-downloaded a map. Other apps have a more fluid interface.
Last time I checked, 5 of the top 10 questions on StackOverflow were about Git...
SS was responsible for camps and extermination, but they were also elite combat body. They were given responsibility for camps because they were supposed to be better soldiers then army itself. SS were also willing to take more risk and more losses then army would normally do. Mostly because they were eager to prove themselves uber soldiers they believed themselves to be.

The army itself had ethnic cleansing as one of the goals too. I mention this mostly because after war there was tendency to blame everything on SSand create myth of "clean" Wehrmacht. Because that felt better to Germans.

Gestapo was literally professional police. They were people who did criminal inveatigations prior and repurposed many of the same tactic. That is massive difference.
What's the problem with Go? Many high-performance things are built in Go. https://awesome-go.com
The government is not the same thing as society. The government is more than willing to burn money pursuing people who break its rules, to pretty significant effect, but individuals and private companies presently lack the requisite sense of pride/aggression/honor/whatever.

One obvious source of this problem is that n-tit-for-tat behavior in humans is moderated by testosterone levels, which have been declining precipitously. 100 years ago you had personal vendettas between CEOs driving corporate policy, which is unironically good for society because it encourages real non-kayfabeized competition and the punishment of antisocial corporate behavior.
I found this patent for “Apparatus for cleaning a traffic cone” : https://patents.google.com/patent/GB2434970A/en

It references other patents (prior and subsequent).
I’m glad it’s coming from a history guy because I told people this a lot and they just assumed I was discounting the value, since I have a STEM degree.
> SLSA, pronounced “salsa”

I wonder if projects with easier to remember names linger in people's minds longer.

Is this kind of phenomenon of fun names more a marketing thing? Or more a software engineers really love naming things thing?
I have the "AWS Certified Solutions Architect " and the "Microsoft Certified: Azure Solutions Architect Expert" certifications.

I did some poc deployments on both these clouds -- started with wordpress deployment, kafka deployments , oracle installs and and migrated the POC from one cloud to the other and back. Took a few months and some $$ but worth it. These certifications on my linkedin profile did help me get noticed.

Use powershell exclusively for all Azure task . Use AWS CLI for all AWS tasks.
Deterioration of Mass Transit Speed
60% of Millennials Earning over $100k Live Paycheck to Paycheck
In this case using a lot of power is the problem since the network's power consumption does not increase the performance or capacity of the network - using excess capacity to mine bitcoin is actually worse than doing nothing with it because it contributes to a difficulty increase which makes the entire network more expensive.
The agony and the ecstasy of deep brain stimulation surgery
I seem to recall during the Obama administration they we trying to require this but I think the colleges lobbied to water it down.
Avoiding Ransomware data leak extortion threat
> usually to disastrous effect

Like what? I honestly don't see why these collectors have enough leverage to impose any disastrous consequences. The rare stuff is in most cases merely a curiosity. In the long run it doesn't really matter if those things are preserved. It would be nice but it certainly doesn't justify bending over backwards for a collector and their "rules". Devkits for example would be extremely important items but I don't see people talking about stuff like that very often.
Oh, I get it. It's a weird self-reinforcing meme (in the classical sense). People see it, so they write it, so others see it, so they write it, some of the ones along the line think there must be a good reason so they're really careful to write it, and so on.

Really similar to how language evolves generally, through misunderstandings or misappropriated terms that come to actually mean the thing they were initially mistaken to mean (possibly losing the original sense entirely, sooner or later), except that in this case it's not actually signifying anything. Just a linguistic tic.
I would recommend you stay in the high paying job. Being a big tech employee is worlds apart from running your own company. And it seems like it is a strength of yours to work in that environment. Running a startup for you is like starting at zero again. Not a lot of people can do it successfully and it takes times. You have to have a strong passion to start a company and I just don't see it if you have to ask.
Testing a 50 year old mercury arc rectifier
well, solar power is abundant both on Earth and in the vicinity space. The waste product just happen to accumulate at Sun's core where there are enough space for 5 more billion years.
I'm not sure what you mean. Typing "git help reflog" brings up a man page that lists commands like "show", "expire", "delete", etc., each with additional options.
I disagree.

First of all, a well-designed Git GUI (examples below) exposes the git's underlying data model to you; in contrast, the CLI obscures it until something breaks and you're forced into it without context. Git operates on a graph and there is simply no way around it. The more you're exposed to the graph, the better you can mentally model it and ask it to do the right things.

While there are many half-baked Electron-based UIs that only unnecessarily complicates things, there are good ones too:

On Windows (and Linux thru Mono), I use GitExtensions. The visualizations are sane and discover-friendly. It will tell you what to expect.

When I work on C++ projects, the one built into CLion (JetBrains family; as mentioned by a sibling comment) is very good on its own. What impresses me the most is that has good visual support of a patch-oriented workflow. You can work with multiple "changelists" offline, shuffle individual changes around, seamlessly convert between changelists and patch files, and (most importantly) still work nice with the vanilla git model as the "actual history". It also works transparently with conceptually monorepo projects that have multiple physical repos, allowing you to do simultaneous commits.

I feel VSCode, GitHub client, Kraken, and several other Electron-based stuff, are too focused on the "polish" than substance, or are too opinionated to be used across repos I don't own.
I recently left my job so I could contract to pay the rent and work on my own ideas.

I've had a number of connections who have done this and of course there are more famous cases like Basecamp.

There's not as much risk and there's no fear about IP. You also don't need to do all the extracurricular worrying about employer product, org direction and dealing with on call.

The hardest part I anticipate is just getting depressed from not being able to make progress fast enough. That or not having enough human/coworker interaction, which is a big deal for me.
And if that treatment costs $80,000 per session its likely due to the patents as well.
When I worked at Google I had the chance to interact with many of the leadership including the founders and CEOs, as well as many SVPs. I have to say, both Larry and Sundar have the personality and motivational skills of limp noodles. When I met Eric Schmidt, he immediately quizzed me about every detail about my product and product plans and further goals and was encouraging, like an actual leader. It was a wonderful discussion and I left the room feeling like I had actually been listened to by a leader who wanted the company to grow in new directions (like cloud and machine learning for health research).

I also got to meet people like Urs Hoezle and Luiz Barroso who are responsible for Google's technical position in computing today; they were both also great leaders who really deserve to have their own sub-company to run (TI and Core).

I was truly lucky to be able to have coffee with Jeff Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat almost every morning for a year, which led to some great research collaborations. I was extremely disappointed to see Jeff defend Megan Kacholia's firing of Timnit (yes, I read the paper) and call it a resignation. That pretty much killed the reputation of Google Research's leader.
This post focuses on the job market after the PhD, but another reason to avoid a PhD is that it is just too much work. I have an MA but remain very involved in my field, I publish a paper or two each year and present at conferences. But after seeing my colleagues' workload unrelated to their actual research, I don't want to do a PhD: the students in PhD programmes are expected to help out in the exhausting process of grant application writing, editing the department's publications, teach courses, etc. This is true of all the universities with a department dedicated to my specific field. Even a fully externally funded position doesn't allow you to escape such obligations and focus solely on dissertation writing.

My conclusion is that I would actually have less time for research in a PhD program than in my current life where I find time for it around a job outside academia.
It’s weird to me how people try to frame competitors as the enemy in the software industry. These are people just like you, probably going through the exact same problems you are at your company. Also, most companies (FAANG is not most companies) settle into a niche anyway, which leaves room in the market for competitors. Vilifying competition just makes no sense, and it’s honestly a little creepy to me.

I’m probably wrong, whatever, let me know I guess. I’m not running a company, I’ve just observed the SF companies I worked at for years. Opinions my own.
> How should I decide which path to take?

I've been in exactly this place (big salary in big tech, started my own company). I find that these types of decisions are complex, I don't think I could capture everything in a comment, but I''d be happy to throw 30 mins on my calendar for a Zoom (9-5). Shoot me a DM on Twitter (@MattLovesMath) or LinkedIn if you'd like to.
Yeah it's a brilliant game, and quickly became one of my all-time favourites. I've never felt so invested in my player character's personality. I loved it.

However, I'm also confused as to why it's on HN right now. The final edition was released a while ago now, and it doesn't look like there's any recent news.
One thing. In the disciplines whose PhD shenanigans I'm more familiar with (psychology and biology), women also used maternity leave to work. They actually count on it, which is a problem, because a baby is a lot more work than you think.
Anyone raising price after getting a perceived lowball offer sends a clear signal that they don't know what they're doing. Real estate is often listed much higher than the sale price since it's (usually) much more difficult to go higher than it is to go lower. The seller has to set a price up front which is a disadvantage when negotiating. So sellers often set the price higher than what they would accept hoping that they can find a high price but having some wiggle room to negotiate down without being disappointed.

If you are given an offer that is below what you would accept, a polite no will suffice.
That is cool!
You could require passing the test in order to vote; but that would be a pretty unpopular suggestion right now.