skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Generally correct in criminal cases, due to the law against double jeopardy.

There is an exception, though. Double jeopardy does not apply if you weren't actually in jeopardy at the first trial. If, for instance, you bribed the jury or used threats against a juror or their family to get them to vote not guilty, then that trial may not count as having placed you in jeopardy. The State could try you again for the same crime (and also try you for crimes associated with your tampering with the jury at the first trial).

Note that although a jury does not have the final say in the other direction because the judge can choose to overrule a jury's "guilty" verdict or the defendant can appeal to a higher court, in practice they effectively do in many cases because jurors do not have to explain why they reached their verdict.

Say Bob is charged with theft. Bob offers witnesses who saw Bob at a place nowhere near the crime scene at around the same time as the crime. The prosecution offers witnesses that saw Bob at the crime scene and attacks the credibility of Bob's witnesses. Bob offers evidence that the prosecution witnesses are not reliable. It is going to come down to which individual witnesses are believable and which are not, which is a rather subjecting thing for the jurors (and for the judge and any judges in future appeals).

If the jury feels that Bob is not guilty of this particular crime but feels that Bob has probably committed other crimes and will continue to do so and decides to return a guilty verdict, the judge doesn't have a way to distinguish that from a guilty verdict because the jury evaluated the reliability of all the witnesses and concluded that the prosecution ones were telling the truth.
Can you contact me (info in bio), I’m working on something that does what you just mentioned. It would be great to see your use cases so that I can integrate them.
Ok, no worries. I understand that from a theoretical point it's not so nice that defeq is not decidable. But frankly I don't care. Because in practice, I don't know of any example where someone was bitten by this. It only shows up in contrived examples. And even if you have some practical example where lean gets stuck on A = B, it will probably be very easy to find a C so that lean gets unstuck on A = C = B.

[Edit, this comment only replies to the first paragraph of parent. I wrote it before parent was edited.]
You can be concerned by reading the top comment on this HN thread.
Limburger probably.
You’re cheating that kid. They’re going to get pushed into the next grade and fall further behind until they graduate and can’t do basic math.
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The overwhelming majority of the income for Ardour (how I make a living) arrives in the form of payments of < US$12 (and a substantial chunk of those are for US$1). PayPal's micropayment system saves us $23c per $1 transaction, which is huge.
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Social change modeled on Patrick C 'fast'
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I hope so and I think the Biden Administration would liek to make significant changes to entire immigration system but because immigration is such a political and divisive issue and often crosses party lines, I think the changes will just be incremental and limited.
Hey Peter,

We're a US startup. One of our developers is an 18-year-old (!!) Brazilian. He wants to forego college and move to the US to work with us full-time. We're brainstorming his future possible paths to the US.

Ideas on class of visas for someone without a college degree?

One idea is the O class. He has two gold medals and one silver medal in the Brazil National Mathematics Olympiads. Unsure if these recent accolades in mathematics are sufficient evidence of "extraordinary ability" in the related field of programming?

Thanks!
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I believe Jefferson abandoned the idea after seeing how hard passing the first one was, too much overhead. I've always fantasized about the idea as a way to guarantee continuous buy-in from the living population of a community.
Yeah, I took a similar course around 2010. It was a fourth year course and had a ton of prerequisites, so you pretty much had to plan to take it from second year.

Most EE students I knew decided to specialize in power generation since it was seen as the easiest path to a cushy job.
> Glad I skipped it and kept using my existing Macbook.

You should skip the fall MacBooks too, because the fall 2022 MacBooks will be significantly better. /s
For a real-time attitude-control feedback loop to have been subject to upset by such a bug is, exactly, the design flaw.
Yeah I remember being very surprised at the undergraduate level of math/phys at Bristol (I was there for one year on a student exchange). My classmates (2nd year and 3rd year) had trouble with basic calculus, because they didn't learn it in high school, and then their first year courses had to go easy (superficial) so that not everybody fails. The fact that you choose which questions to answer on the finals is also weird (answer any 3 out of 4 questions).

It doesn't make sense to me that a whole nation skips math (unless you take math A-levels).

I talked to a professor and he explained UGRADs are below level, but then when starting grad school they force everyone up to international level. He showed me a huge room with grad student desks and was like "look, we don't let them get out of here until they learn math properly."
It would unfortunately.
Thanks for that, Ben. I fondly remember your emails...

I organised a talk for the RTS from Simon Parnall about TV Anytime some years prior to Backstage launching and was really excited to see feeds become available from the BBC - and similarly saddened when they died. Ironically, it would have probably been a politically astute thing to keep alive with the push in Government for Open Data at that point.
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Last spring, a bunch of aerosol experts like K. Prather were saying, "hey guys, Covid is airborne."

Crickets from the "real" experts on Covid.

It took hundreds of thousands of deaths for people to sort of get that it's airborne, and even now the ramifications of that -- for example, that all healthcare workers should wear N95's instead of surgical masks -- have not really been understood and accepted.

It's the same thing all over again.
If you are Canadian you don't really need a lawyer for a TN application. Just prepare your own supporting documents (including offer letter) and go to your nearest US land border. It's relatively straightforward, just be polite with the border agent, and if your application is valid you should have no problems.

I've represented myself twice and it was a smooth process.
> “you’re legally required to assign this much homework, so make sure you do that, only don’t, because the kids are overwhelmed”. That too was in keeping with a theme.

I think the underlying theme is that the parents themselves are overwhelmed and the schools that were ill-equipped to handle education before COVID-19 are crumbling.

If I take this report at face value (which, frankly, I'm tempted to), it paints an even more broken image of the American school system than the dumpster fire I had on my wall already.
I’ve seen and experienced a variety of issues over the years, but my distrust of time machine is based on silent failures. I’ve been able to benefit from time machine backups when they were a convenient solution, but when they were really needed, I’ve seen them fail too many times. At one point, I discovered that my time machine backup had been silently failing to backup both photos and music for over a year.

A couple of years later, I helped a colleague piece his data back together after failures in his redundant time machine backups (kept at home and office) that he discovered after wiping/rebuilding his primary computer. One copy was missing the last months of data, despite him having connected the drive and watched it complete the backup just before wiping. The other was missing important folders from the home directory though it was fortunately up-to-date in all other places.
UX used to be driven by researchers like Bruce Tognazzini and Jakob Nielsen, who absolutely did studies with actual users to drive their designs.

> If a UI designer can change an interface to please me a little more, that’s a good thing.

Without observing actual users, how do you know if you are pleasing them, or just pleasing yourself?
Some people merely copy their Steam directory in order to create a backup, but they do have a backup mechanism that works differently... and has some pros to it, vs simply copying your entire Steam folder.
The abiltiy to automate proofs creates some interesting questions about the nature of mathematics. The article remined me of Erdos saying that you "don't need to believe in God, but you do need to believe in the book", 'the book' here being an imagined collection of mathematical proofs that are so simple, clear and beautiful that they immedieately stand out to any mathematician.

I don't mind proof assistants as a way to gain new insights into mathematics, but I worry that maths is drifting into a direction where it turns more into hermeneutics than actual mathematics. The automation of proofs isn't the only thing, I also was very scpetical about the whole process of Shinichi Mochizuki's proof of the abc conjecture.
What's the American system?
Shouldn't it be easy to automatically port theorems? If they are well defined there can't be ambiguity
In former times, European countries could do this, because you've had a homogenous pool to sort out by ability.

Attempts to do this in the US produce results that appear racist.
Thanks a lot! I've just added an MIT license :)
Up to 15 cm, if I read that article correctly. But not all of it.
I agree with this but it’s important to accept it’s not likely to happen in any of our lifetimes. There are multiple, probably independent outcomes of aging, from basic stuff like joint wear to things like dementia, Parkinson’s, cancer, etc.

Even if we get to the point where we live longer - particularly delayed senescence - we will still have to confront all of those things and may just end up gaining a few years and increasing suicide as the main cause of death.

I love the idea and think it would be wonderful but I think we are woefully underestimating how hard it’s going to be to push things much beyond demonstrated lifespans.

At the same time I think that dramatically improving quality of life for age 50+ is very doable.
Peter, our startup is incorporated in Delaware and based in NY. What’s your take on offering equity to foreign employees hired via remote.com or similar? Is it a legal headache?
It's probably an ancient survival mechanism. If you eat the food nobody else wants you have better chances of survival.

That's how "acquired tastes" develop physiologically and culture takes care of passing it down the generations.
It isn't a logical fallacy. HN has a long history of being against any sort of credentialism. Tell a programmer that he isn't a real engineer in any sense of the word and watch the downvotes flow. Plenty here want titles without effort.
It’s 365 / 2, ~half of a year :)
Vultures are endangered in India. The Towers of Silence are having trouble dealing with bodies.
It’s just over half a year
I hope we see more than 16GB of ram.
Thanks a lot for your time Mr Roberts.
How so?

Every so often the foundations of common law get to be re-evaluated which could be disastrous. But in practice it's likely the foundations would be similar cycle to cycle. Further, to the degree that the roots of rulings change due to a new constitution, don't those ruling trees need to change? The constitution changing is a signal that the people, their needs and their values have changed and so should all rulings based on those ideas.

--As an aside, I'm biased against common law. I appreciate my ancestors but I question accepting all of their prior decisions as taken until proven otherwise.
What’s the current benchmark situation with pre-spectre and post-specter hardware now?

Is there vintage hardware that is now faster than contemporary hardware?
Largely agree but was impressed to see the U shaped Midea https://www.midea.com/us/Air-Conditioners/Window-Air-Conditi...

only about $400 and slots under a sliding window, half inside the window and half outside with the window in-between. Virtually as good as a mini split but a fraction of the cost and trouble. Only for people with the right sort of window but still seemed an encouraging idea.
The O-1 is really the only option unless you all have operations in Brazil and he works there as an employee for at least one year, then an L-1 might be an option. Student/Academic awards while demonstrating an individual's intelligence and abilities generally don't count as awards for O-1 purposes (although we still discuss such awards).
Hi Peter thanks for doing this again.I am Mexican, I have been working remotely for a US company since December 1 2020 but hired through through the Mexican office.

My question is: is it possible to get a TN visa without a college degree? I need it because I need to move to the US when lock down ends.
So modern UI design is spandex?
“Roughly one-third of students are in favor of banning controversial books”
Fixed voltage drop on an LED is too much of a simplification for this application. A better mental model is to imagine a piecewise linear approximation of current–voltage characteristic aka I–V curve.

I-V curve of a resistor is a straight line that goes through (0,0) point, with slope inversely proportional to resistance. The curve for LED has a bend somewhere between 1.5V and 2V, where its slope changes from low to high.
Why did you switch? I use xbar to run a script every second for the existence of a file, and I noticed xbar using a lot of resources.
How would you compare it to a non-trivial Apache or NGINX install? What about configuring an environment for Rails or Docker or…?
I see you have not run into the many edge cases where an apt-based package manager does something completely daft, requiring one to either go in and manually build back up state to get it sane, or say screw it, burn it to the ground, and start again. Anything with databases has had a high chance of getting one into this situation in my experience, and became the leading motivator for me to sit down, slog through Linux From Scratch, get familiar with the GNU dependency hierarchy, learn bloody dpkg, learn to tear apart packages, learn to build cross-compile toolchains (still haven't mastered quite yet), and work on setting out my own system conventions that I'll eventually write down and hand off to anyone unfortunate or enthusiastic enough to strike me as being a candidate for inheriting my systems. Also grokking the wiles of the dynamic linker.

You can say I'm doing it wrong for not going with the flow, but at the end of the day, in a world with ever increasing abstractive opaqueness, somebody has to carry forward a nuts n' bolts understanding of what all of this madness is built on.
His exemption makes his field of practice much more limited than a fully licensed engineer and didn't seem to cover making legal advice in court. Court experts should indeed be held to high standards. At this point, being called an engineer is just semantics. In many other locales, someone not licensed is not even allowed to call themselves that, regardless of their degrees.
Oh apologies! Can I ask for a small request in that case, can I send you an email with more details about the question and if you happend to be so kind, could you take a look and let me know if you could possibly help me?

I'd appreciate it terribly!

Thanks so much for doing this important public service.
The Censored: Bret Weinstein
You turn on the hot water, and you get cold water. Then you sit and wait for a few minutes until you start getting hot water.
We get it, you are not an early adopter of these things. Me neither, as a matter of fact.
But what if I take that second path, and die at age 60 of a heart attack, because cake is delicious and cardiovascular exercise is 30 minutes a day I can't do other stuff?
Never worked at google, but I use their services and moved country recently.

> The workaround is to use different accounts, each with MOP from different countries. Pretty sure IP doesn't matter.

Maybe it has changed, because this was not my experience: my methods of payments have all remained the same. It appears to be based on IP, because my transition was delayed compared to family members who moved with me because I had VPNed back to the country I had left. I’m pretty sure it was IP based, because the relative delay approximately correlated with how many days I’d used the VPN for.
What is the minimum refresh interval for auto-refresh?
As others have said, it's half of a year.

But most importantly, it's the number that the US government uses on form 8840, the Closer Connection Exception Statement for Aliens: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f8840.pdf
If you kill dwm.exe (Desktop Window Manager) or if it crashes in widows 10 you can see the old UI on all windows that are open for maybe a second or so before dwm.exe comes back. (obviously not recommendation on "production" machines)
Another interesting question is what this will mean for Braintree rates. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of PayPal but function like an almost-wholly independent payment system. I wonder if their rates will shift in step.
Legally, you can employee foreign nationals based abroad as direct employees without US work authorization or SSNs but my clients always tell me that it's a complex and messy process both from a logistical and tax standpoint.
In my experience anyone can be conditioned to love anything, and inspiring a love for learning something is the only stable long-term solution.
NHS app gains 2.7M users as people rush to show Covid vaccine status
+1 I saw this a lot with friends who were less interested in school and would quickly bail on a class once they missed a test or assignment and I couldn't really blame them.

For me the point of a Math class is to learn and demonstrate you understand certain concepts - it isn't to demonstrate some proxy of 'work ethic' because you sat in a desk somewhere on a regular schedule. So there should always be an avenue left open for for the student to learn and demonstrate the knowledge.
Show HN: A task board for indie hackers with multiple projects
As explained in another comment, there is only very mild proof automation going on in this Lean project. Every non-trivial idea has to be supplied to the computer by a human being.

The whole circus around Mochizuki's proof of the abc conjecture was dealt with quite well by the social structure of the mathematical community. Many people looked at the proof. Many people got stuck. Several experts got stuck at exactly the same point. And Mochizuki refuses to acknowledge that there is a problem at that point of his "proof". But a consensus was reached in the mathematical community (maybe minus RIMS).
I think the role of the aesthetic of a product is a bit under appreciated. If Safari was exactly as functional but still looked like Netscape navigator, it would negatively impact people’s opinion of the browser.

It’s just like the idea that you first eat with your eyes. For example, eggs with yellow yolks and orange yolks taste the same in blinded tests, but when people can see the eggs they usually go for the orange ones. Periodic UI design updates are needed so that people don’t associate a dated GUI with a dated product.
Hmmm this time I don’t agree with Riccardo. The new interface to me looks better, I’m testing it and I like it, there are only things that I don’t like:

1) the “unified color” in the menubar is terrible, really. You must disable the overlay tab/menubar coloring because this is the only big mess.

2) you have to make 2 taps in order to open the reading list, because you can’t “pin” it but when you open the sidebar you have to choose anytime if you want to see the RL or bookmarks. And this is a bit annoying. Workaround is to use a shortcut (like alt-R to open and close the RL and you can see it straight without two taps)
Where did my 256 GB go? Mobile Storage Analysis
I started building 7todos.com, a task board, to get an overview of my projects.

It became quite difficult to keep track of all the tasks in different projects. I've tried tools like Trello, Jira, or simple todo apps, but they were either too complex for a single person like Jira or didn't help to manage multiple projects. So the main purpose of 7todos is to get an overview of all projects and their tasks.

I also have the concept of Lifetime for my duties. By default, it is set to 7 days. If a task is nearing its "end", it is highlighted in the overview. However, if I fail to complete the task, she will die and end up in a place called the cemetery. You have the option to revive your dead tasks if necessary.

It's a tool I made for myself, so many of the concepts aren't for everyone. But I've opened it up to others over time.

Oh, and it's free to use the Stripe integration right now, but you still get the premium account when you sign in to the atm. I collect feedback and want to know whether others like the concept.
Yup. Plus, beyond privacy there's the matter of taxes, both paid by the consumer when purchasing but also paid (sometimes...) by Google to the country of operations. So yeah, you don't get to decide.
This seems to have been changed lately - Google account will switch it's location (but not language) by itself if it detects you're in a certain country for a long time. Happened to some people I know as well.
I got a similar notification recently that my account was updated from being associated with "unknown" to Ireland, which was interesting.
Don't let perfect be the enemy of good and always evaluate solutions against your threat model.
I'm a current YC founder. Looking to apply for either the O1 or IEPP. Is there even a rough sense of the timeline for IEPP? Can I apply for both while on the visa waiver?
As a UX designer & executive for 30 years, I’ll respond.

I agree that UX/UI is sometimes swayed more by fashion than empirical goals in service of the user. E.g., Jony Ive’s sad obsession with flat (featureless) design in iOS 7 is something we are still paying a price for.

However, the majority of UX research these days goes into things that are explicitly not in service of the user. Facebook doesn’t want you to be happy, they want you to keep using their product. Pay-to-play games don’t want you to have a good life, they want to squeeze micro-transactions from you at every opportunity.

Creating and propagating these manipulative dark patterns is a huge amount of leading-edge UX these days. It works. We know how to manipulate people towards goals that are antithetical to their well-being. The tech industry as a whole makes billions of dollars a day doing exactly this thing.

So yes, the research exists. UX continues to get much better. Just not in service of goals that you (or I, frankly) embrace.

This isn’t the fault of UX as a discipline or UX designers generally. Just like a coder intentionally optimizing a ratio of negative to positive stories to keep you fearful and scrolling, UX designers are driven by the same constraints — the product direction of their parent organizations.

Should UX designers individually, or as a discipline, rise up in revolt? Exactly as much, or as little, as programmers should. We’re all in the same boat. We can choose to serve the manipulators or not. Trouble is, there’s a fuckton of money in this manipulation, and you don’t have to spend much time here on HN to see how motivating that is, and the extent to which individuals will hold their noses and do what they’re told, as long as they’re motivated richly enough.
Circular Saw Kickback Killer (2019)
That’s not really the point here. The UI on command line apt is instant, regardless of the package size you always know what apt is doing at the moment. Compare that to any recent updater that just throws vague status messages at you with no indication of whether anything is actually happening.