skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
People are still working to use lasers to write data much faster. TU/e paper from a year ago:

[https://phys.org/news/2020-07-ultra-fast-laser-based-storage...]
"Ultra-fast laser-based writing of data to storage devices"

"researchers ...have demonstrated a new approach that can achieve deterministic single pulse writing in magnetic storage materials, making the writing process much more accurate." (on a 3-layer, 15nm surface)

Paper: [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-17676-6]
"Deterministic all-optical magnetization writing facilitated by non-local transfer of spin angular momentum"

Still writing to 2D. I guess laser-write/read to 3D cubes is still a pipe dream.
I found some more information on PoH here:

https://lsmod.medium.com/what-makes-solana-the-fastest-publi...
Yes, I think this is the 99% use case. A strong indication of this is the fact that they are very volatile and all tend to move in tandem.

Normal, real G7 currencies moving full percentage points in a day is a big deal, 10% moves in a day are very rare, 20% is a once in a lifetime event.

You would expect the different cryptocurrencies to move in different directions and speeds depending on their relative prospects. Instead you have these crazy days where they all go up 5-10% or down 5-10%, over and over. I hold about 8 of them in my wallet and yet still see pretty normal 10% daily moves.

The closest thing this reminds me to is trading bank stocks in 07-08 when everyone was gambling on which would go out of business.

A currency that regularly moves this violently is not an inflation hedge as a savings instrument store of value, nor is it a useful medium of exchange as how do you agree on a price when its moving by the hour.

It is clearly not a unit of measure either given that all the crypto apps report the value of your portfolio in.. fiat. Even these crypto give aways as exchange sign up bonuses or conference prizes are always worded as "$5 of ETH" or "$500 of bitcoin", haha.

A currency that can move 5% on a Sunday afternoon (again) because of an Elon Musk tweet (again) is not something to be taken too seriously (still).

Consider that by comparison, when the UK voted to Brexit, which was not what polls indicated.. a huge economic change with profound generational implications for both GBP & EUR ... GBP-EUR only moved 7%!!
Patterns for Personalization in Recommendations and Search
In 1980, I lived in Nanjing China, working at Purple Mountain Observatory, collaborating on understanding the rings of Uranus using occultation data. I brought along an HP-85 and it was just the thing for this kind of work: robust, reliable, easy to use, and capable. A full desktop computer, programmable in Basic. Other astronomers at the observatory used it for analysis of polar wandering and sunspot physics.

Still have the beast in my attic -- I wonder it'll run after 40+ years?
I will always fundamentally distrust blockchain protocols where a “private token sale” or something similar is possible. If we are truly trying to create a new decentralized financial system, why are we letting corporate entities build and control the protocols? Even if it does work, well just end up coming full circle and in 100 years there will be a new movement to dethrone the ethereum/solana/algorand elites all over again.

What does it matter if solana labs validators run the financial system rather than JP Morgan? Neither are democratic or exist to serve the public. At least with Bitcoin or other PoW systems anyone can participate in the network...
I got a ZIP drive like a year before I got a CD burner so it didn't have a very long lifespan. I wish I still had it so I could hook it up and see what I put on the discs.
Can you give an example? What could change if we stopped optimizing for legacy stuff?
I'm a little biased as I'm a Cleveland fan and a fan of Trevor Bauer.

But Bauer got pissed at MLB for not letting him use super glue to close a cut he got before is start in the 2016 World Series but had no enforcement of this cheating. After that season he basically said "I'm going to use foreign substances to increase my spin rate and win a Cy Young." Then he did.

Now MLB has been called out so they have to do something. The whole league is pretty mismanaged from a rules and cheating perspective though.
Today the patterns that big tech companies are following is the same as the so called train robber barons in the past. Use your monopoly or control in 1 thing to horn in on other businesses by subsidising .
In a rare moment of unity, blue + red is ready to (rightfully) break up the companies that destroyed the old internet.
I like your framing, because this dynamic occurs in so many places. Pretty much everyone was doping in cycling during the Lance Armstrong era - if you weren't, it's highly unlikely you would have been remotely competitive. Similarly, there were tons of mortgage brokers in the mid 00s who could see that everything would end badly - but if you were an exec at a mortgage company and weren't willing to give a loan to anyone who could fog a mirror, you'd greatly underperform your competition in the short term, and you'd be canned long before the end game became apparent.
Could you elaborate a bit on this? I know that a gigantic bunch of libraries are involved that is usually terrible to install but Julia does it for you in the equivalent of a python virtual-env. However, aren't there also Linux kernel components that are necessary? How are those installed?
Catchers have gotten good at either tossing the balls out of play themselves, or doing a quick wipe of the ball before handing it to the ump.

Watch how Yadier Molina rubs up the ball after it stuck to his chest protector.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGnS-H4Cc-4
Okay, but how many implementations do you need for a protocol that is proudly useless and actively targeted at a narrow community? At first glance it seems like there's a little bit of circular reasoning here.

Gemini's selling point is that it's a narrow spec that's basically good for one thing: displaying largely unstructured text. It's not good for PDFs or layout, it's not good for media-heavy documents, it's not good for apps. You probably wouldn't write something like a book in Gemini. It knows exactly what it's doing, what kind of community it wants, and it focuses only on that use-case -- which is why its community likes it.

But how many different implementations do you need to build for this kind of narrow project? Are we really expecting that 50 different hobbyists are going to build custom Gemini parsers? Why? I'm not sure I understand what reason there would be for that kind of implementation diversity with a spec that is deliberately designed to decrease application diversity.

On the web, we have a lot of reasons why we are scared of having only one browser rendering engine. But most of those reasons don't seem to apply to Gemini, because it has different goals from the web. So say there was one zero-dependency C/WASM binary for parsing that was compiled for every platform and could be imported or transpiled into other languages for use in your custom browser/app. What do you feel would be missing from Gemini in that world?
I have a hard rule on myself - if the commute is more than about 20-30 minutes or particularly unpleasant, I must change jobs or move house. Life is too short to spend such a huge part of it in a commute you don't enjoy.
I would agree with this sentiment across different DEs/toolkits, but the reality of the modern Linux desktop of a normal user is that it's just not that common. And within a single DE, they're plenty consistent. More so than Win10, say.
Ooh the robots are starting to design themselves! Exciting times.
And also beautiful things:

https://youtu.be/Q-J09gk0mJk
i find his writing great and wish that he had written more about Midori.
From personal experience you are not going to be able to saturate even a horrifically obsolete LTO drive and SAS interface without specialized software or purely sequential data. Most of the cheap/free ways of running tape drives aren't optimized for parallel I/O and will horrifically shoe-shine (that's the rev-up and rev-down sound you hear when the tape drive isn't getting enough data), which isn't great for the tapes and massively increases backup time and drive usage.

AFAIK most commercial tape deployments nowadays are disk-to-disk-to-tape arrangements. All the actual data is serialized to an archive on disk first, and then that serialized archive is written to tape at full speed. This minimizes tape wear and ensures your very expensive tape drives are being used efficiently.
Build a Platform with the Kubernetes Resource Model
A 5-part Kubernetes demo for developers and operators.
This can be also phrased as: software freedom does not reach the end user.

That's why GPL and AGPL exist.
Hardware is always improving and costs drop ... isn't it only a matter of time until these requirements are nothing?
Every generation deserves it!
Typescript is a mostly superset of javascript. Typescript does/will also support # for private fields so it changes absolutely nothing.
What ever happened to Sheryl Sandberg?
I think that's a fine perspective for a computer scientist or graph theorist, myself. Fortunately, since the article title is "Git for Computer Scientists," that's essentially the approach the article takes. :-)
> Why such a big issue now all of a sudden?

Statcast [0] + Tradition

In the past ten years major technological developments came online. Players for the first time could measure spin rate of baseballs and see how it affected pitches.

Players like Trevor Bauer started experimenting out at Driveline Baseball in Seattle. The innovations diffused and here we are.

Now tradition. Major League pitchers have a long tradition of using substances to help them pitch better. A much to young heymijo watched the 1989 movie Major League and was introduced to Eddie Harris, the crafty veteran pitcher. A scene from the movie:

< "What’s that shit on your chest?"

"Crisco. Bardol. Vagisil. Any one of them will give you another two to three inches drop on your curveball."

> Of course, if the umps are watching me close, I just put a little jalapeño inside my nose and get it running, and if I need to load the ball up a little, just wipe my nose.

Pitchers have been putting stuff on the ball for ages. It has been loosely enforced if at all up until now. Some substances are even legal, like the rosin bag.

So technology + tradition combined and we reached an inflection point.

Oh yeah, there's a new substance that came out called Spider-tack, which is taking sticky to the next level.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statcast
Exactly. It should be expected that (for many people) after 18 months there would be an excess of people who would have wanted to leave, if they could. Now that they can, there is a log jam at the exit door.
People who don't have first-hand experience with psychedelics tend to have this misconception, thinking of the experience as some type of delirium. The wonder of being on psychedelics is understanding that everything in typical day to day to life is hilariously unimportant, and also understanding that the impaired perception of the world is the one we normally have.
> But CVSS is an industry-wide joke.

Tell me more how a factual explanation of a software's exploitation techniques is a joke. I think you're drinking the repetitive koolaid that is frequently passed around on boards like this.
This is a rule. Coaches are allowed to call for a check whenever they want. There's a few (in)famous instances of it and the player is immediately thrown out of the game.

Opposing coaches just don't bother because their guys are cheating too.
Only issue here is that you are penalized for activity even if it’s in removing objective garbage. But I like the idea quite a bit. That you take a hit for being a negative ass that downvotes questions you think are beneath you.
Please stop using per capita. The system will persist or collapse based on absolute amounts of CO2, pollution, etc. Per capita is not helpful except to deflect blame. It's a political tool rather than a useful tool.
I actually find the childish antics of Baseball--trick plays, fights, intentionally hitting players with pitching, sign stealing, sticky balls--to be a charming part of the game.
Help me learn about the history of computer networks
Hello everyone. I am interested in learning about the history of computer networks. I've become interested in this area for two reasons. First, I realized that the ability to enter a random url and be served content from a world away is nothing short of magic, and I would like to better understand it. Second, there are several very large and important companies in the history of technology, including Cisco, Juniper, Broadcom, Qualcomm, who were involved in creating the equipment and chips which enabled such magic. Despite this, there are fewer good histories of these companies than for other SV companies.

Context - I am not a computer scientist by training; I work in biopharma, but have a rudimentary understanding of code.

My overarching question is as follows. In ~1985, Local Area Networks were proliferating and the Public Switched Telephone Network had digitized, in that the signal in the network (except for the local loop) was digital PCM-voice running on time-division multiplexed copper circuits (increasingly replaced by fiber). However, the PSTN was still a circuit-switched network. How did we graft an all-IP,packet-switched network on top of this framework?

Specifically, I'm interested in, the evolution of WAN protocols (eg, Frame Relay, ATM) and how they were replaced by IP networks, the history of the equipment needed to make these markets work, and the history of how ISPs built these networks.
> bad for the sport

Citation needed.
> Why, newsletters?

Amongst other things, I'd like to build up a mailing list. But I realise newsletters don't work for everyone, which is why I also post to a freely available web archive.

> Which is what I read when HN frontpage has nothing interesting.

Well, the next time you have nothing interesting to read, feel free to peruse my newsletter archives. :)
That's part of it (also a Cleveland fan here).

Bauer suspected Houston of using substances to get a higher spin rate. He had worked out at Driveline in Seattle and knew what was possible and what wasn't without illegal substances.

In his typical fashion, he accused Houston in the media and on Twitter. MLB didn't do anything about it. So naturally Bauer joined the club.
Do you think that modern sports are worse than chariot racing in the Byzantine Empire? Since fans aren’t slaughtering each other by the thousands, I don’t think it will be too bad.
> the volume density is higher

Not really. If you compare the current best tapes and hard drives, the hard drives store exactly the same amount per cubic centimeter. If you look at just the 10cm by 10cm part with the platters, and compare it to the 10cm by 10cm tape cartridge, the hard drive is fitting more data into less space. Once LTO-9 is available then it will win the first comparison but it will be just about tied for the second comparison.

> If the density gap grew, magnetics tapes will try to put more tape in a single enclosure, like HDDs try to put more disk in a single enclosure.

You can only fit so much more tape in the same box. They've already been increasing the tape length as much as is reasonable, but from LTO-3 to LTO-9 it's less than a 50% increase. Much like hard drives have managed to fit in a couple extra platters.
From the link above:
“The FDA has not reviewed data to support use of ivermectin in COVID-19 patients to treat or to prevent COVID-19; however, some initial research is underway.”

This is a serious failure of the FDA. ivmmeta.com is a meta-analysis of all ivermectin studies (58 studies as of now). This meta-analysis shows ivermectin to be very effective, and the FDA isn’t even looking. This has been the situation for 9 months now.
Lifelong Dodgers fan here. Have been following this scandal closely as Trevor Bauer is one of the big faces of it. He publicly denounced use of “sticky stuff” in 2017 and 2018 and tweeted about how much more rpm his pitches would get when he experimented with it. When nothing came of this his spin rate increased dramatically and he won the Cy Young award in 2020.

This is his first year on the Dodgers and we have been watching pretty much every game. Bauer’s last four outings he has been much less dominant than earlier in the season. This comes after some of his game balls confiscated for analysis by MLB.

We finally checked the stats today and sure enough his rpm’s are down again the last few starts.

So the threat of enforcement does seem to be having an impact, at least in the short term.

I’m glad the league is cracking down because after the Astros sign stealing scandal (of which the Dodgers were arguably one of the biggest victims) the last thing I want is for our team to now be the face of a new cheating scandal
Chromebooks generally run Linux well, no need for a specialized distro post 2016 or so. De-chrome by installing mr. chromebox firmware and xubuntu (or distro of your choice) and you're set. I still use my acer c720 as a daily driver today.
Plus, the miners are in different countries that don't obey each other's court orders.
It was filecoin, chia runs well even on a raspberry pi.
A coach can ask for a check. They will probably find something.

The next inning, the opposing coach reciprocates and asks for a check, also probably finding something.

Both coaches are incentivized not to check so that their pitcher is not checked.
Pinta

(Its like MS Paint on Linux but with layers.)
Interesting. I didn't consider this.

I'm gonna think on how to solve this conundrum in a way that satisfies everyone. This is one data point I'll think about. Thanks for bringing it up.
I'm gonna think on how to solve this conundrum in a way that satisfies everyone. This is one data point I'll think about. Thanks for bringing it up.
True, but that failure mode doesn't exploit the network's centralization and is unrelated to how centralized it is.
I’m not aware of a recent EOL Mac OS that did not continue to receive security updates for some time.
When I last calculated the break-even point for a thrifty home user, it was around 50TB of data. Above 50TB and there was a decent chance that tape is cheaper than disk, below 50TB it's unlikely.

I'll just say that the exact tradeoff will depend on a lot of factors, it's just as a rule of thumb, you can forget about tape below about 50TB.

The media itself is cheap and durable, but the drives are $1,000 or more and sometimes break--in other words, if you really must have your data, you want two drives.
What's the ball park cost on a drive+tape (say for a desktop)?
5 of 6 mining companies own 50%. Id be much more concerned if it was a single mining company owning 50%. I think you are the one unable to admit it isn’t centralized.

By definition it isn’t centralized. Even in the current state.
Can you provide a reference for that? I am logging the employee’s use of the corporate computer system that they don’t own and are being paid to work on. That is total nonsense it can be illegal, there is zero legal expectation of any privacy on a private companies computer systems. Why in the world should there be?
> Brand-new major league baseballs are so slick that umpire attendants are tasked with rubbing them before games with special mud from a secret spot along a tributary of the Delaware River. Pitchers also have access to a bag of rosin, made from fir-tree sap, that lies behind the mound.

Fun fact about the secret river mud, and also interesting that certain substances are specifically allowed.
Standard Oil once had 90% market share, but by the time they were broken up, they had only ~60% market share.
But that's not how it works, at all. There's nothing "flickering" to draw your attention to one particular bit etc; you still perceive the whole image at once.

The closest I can come to describing this is a higher resolution - like viewing the same photo, but you go from 640x480 to 4K, and from 256 to 32-bit color. Indeed, when consuming any sort of digital visual input, resolution differences (and compression artifacts etc) become much more noticeable, so perhaps this isn't merely an analogy. But the same also extends to sounds and even taste - it's not that things taste different, for example, but you can more readily identify and appreciate all the overtones that combine to create a particular taste, without subtracting from the experience of the whole.

This, by the way, is why watching fractal animations [1] can be so fascinating in that state - you still perceive the fractal as a whole, but you also simultaneously see the tiny details, and can observe that they faithfully correspond to the larger image, without having to individually focus on each.

[1] E.g. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8cgp2WNNKmQ (best viewed at 4K)
What is the Tao-drug connection? I feel like this is a case of Orientalism where Western drug culture is getting in the way of popular perception of Taoism, especially Chuang Tzu. Why aren't intellectual snobs trading in-jokes about Taoism and Zen and Mahayana Buddhism and the Diamond Sutra? It's like they ceded a huge swath of territory to the stoners, and for no good reason, I might add.

Why is there no popular Taoist movement? Why was it marginalized in the hippie movement? Why did intellectuals allow the hippies to control the perception of Taoism?

Chuang Tzu is just so fundamental. I can't see how you can go wrong adding it to a standard Western education.

YOUR LIFE HAS A LIMIT but knowledge has none. If you use what is limited to pursue what has no limit, you will be in danger. If you understand this and still strive for knowledge, you will be in danger for certain! If you do good, stay away from fame. If you do evil, stay away from punishments. Follow the middle; go by what is constant, and you can stay in one piece, keep yourself alive, look after your parents, and live out your years.
It pays to switch jobs. If nothing else each new employer will do their best to justify the decision to offer a significant increase. They know what they have in hand. You just need to be perceived as having more potential than that.

Also keep in mind, pay is often a function of having management potential. If you're getting more for similar work it could be because they see you as having greater long term potential, or have other things to contribute sooner.

There's more to advancing in tech than tech-centric skills.
I've moved my sim card over to a pinephone, and I have to say, the main pain point right now is battery life. I think the thing is a great little linux system, and while the UX of things like Phosh isn't perfectly slick, it can come with time and I mostly use my phone as a way to get interrupt-level messages and serve cellular data as a wi-fi network anyway. But power management for this device seems really immature, so the battery lasts maybe a couple hours in real-world usage at best. I think that's down to power management ultimately, so I think it needs to be a development priority if adoption is to pick up
First thing I thought of was “wow that would make boxing matches way more interesting.”
Just like Darwin, the open source kernel of iOS…
> ... the extremely rare spark of whiteboard innovation is not worth ...

Crazy idea - install a whiteboard at home and point a 4k camera at it. The broke college student version of this involves a pen, paper, and the camera on your cellphone; it works quite well.
Ireland faces 'rolling blackouts' due to data centres demand for electricity
https://www.cru.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CRU21060-CRU-c...
From April 2011:

"Is Ashton Kutcher's recent investment in Blekko an indicator of a technology bubble in Silicon Valley?"[1]

Turns out that no - 2011 wasn't a bubble in technology in Silicon Valley. For example Amazon stock price was around $200, and is now over $3000.

Blekko was later acquired by IBM.

[1] https://www.quora.com/Is-Ashton-Kutchers-recent-investment-i...