skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> FP means that every expression (= part that can be evaluated) is referential transparent.

Most real-world programming requires handling of side effects somewhere, so such programs have parts which are not referentially transparent.

It's why I distinguished between "core" and "meat" in my other response. Functional programming languages offer features that help making a larger part of the program referentially transparent (and, optionally, to ensure that property in the types).

> Nowadays the word "functional" is used different from the original meaning (which some now call "pure functional")

I don't think the meaning changed, just the tools offered and the scope of the support they offer to achieve referential transparency (pure functions). Early Lisp offered expression oriented programming which was a step towards it, but used dynamic scoping which isn't really helping. Later on both Lisps and ML offered lexical scoping. Then the purely functional trend came up via Miranda and (Clean and) Haskell, the latter encoding purity in the type system. In the last decade mainstream programming languages added functional programming features but are falling short in encoding purity in the types (just as Lisp never did), which means that it's (easily) possible for the abstractions offered (both functions but also libraries built on iterators) to not be referentially transparent, manual care (and/or culture) is required instead. The tooling doesn't help enough to guarantee referential transparency. But the core idea, the target of the efforts, is the same.

> Referential transparency implies immutability.

I didn't go into immutability in my other response because you can use mutation inside pure functions, as long as the effect doesn't leave the function. Building referentially transparent functions does not imply using immutable data structures or variable bindings inside.
> My feeling is that it's not really fruitful to describe "real life" phenomena in terms of abstract algebraic mathematical structures

I disagree, however I don't think you're enterily wrong. We just need a physical theory to bridge the abstract mathematics with the real world. as a starting point it occurs to me to wonder what does throwing a ball have to do with F = ma

also, the whole point of math is to do everything with such a level of abstraction that you can apply the abstractions to many things.
I’ve asked on Twitter: https://twitter.com/rauschma/status/1401538009212784643
I was going to make a similar point - this is a persistent problem anywhere there are profitable fish stocks, and absolutely not just by the Chinese - the French, Spanish, whoever, there are plenty of people at it.
Usual car-oriented person rant about how this measure affects you personally and harms your convenience.

Complaining about traffic in the center of an “Old European town” tells me you might be doing things wrong from the get go.
They are using the Bitcoin Lightning network - a layer 2 solution that uses orders of magnitude less energy than standard Bitcoin.

Based on your comment history I can see you have a habit of hating on cryptocurrencies but it would be nice if you could at least get your facts straight.
I really like the activity report idea. This seems like such an efficient, useful practice to help audit one’s time. Good read! Thanks for sharing.
I've always considered "pattern recognition for the purpose of prediction" a core function of the human brain that precedes language, rationality or any form of logic. So it feels counter-intuitive to me to label this meta-rationality or even associate it with rationality. I subscribe somewhat to the idea that much of our rational decision making is ex post facto, i.e a verbal narration that comes after the decision making to explain the decision. The actual decision making being an opaque process that takes place inside our brain's neural network. Confession: I lost the author about halfway through the article.
Plant wastes are a part of an eco system. They are cunsomed and transformed into other wastes. Actually, only human beings see wastes as a definitive lost. For every sustainable cycles, a waste is going to be transformed into you will consume again.
Just want to add, it's generally not a conscious choice. Everyone wants to do something that is both a genius experiment and gets published in Nature. The Science Game gets propagated in how scientists conceive and plan their work. Everything must be done in the paradigm of publications and grants. You can't do anything if it doesn't have at least interim results within a year or two. It's an unfathomable career risk to try something absolutely brand new. There's a good chance it fails, at which point you have a 2 year blank spot in your CV and you can never get back in the top 10% of scientists where you need to be to get R01 funding and run your own lab.
You are wrong. ETC got 51% attacked 3 times in a month, with no real effect on the price.
24-inch iMac review: There’s still no step three
Another way to kill the oceans. So pissed china pumps tons of crap there, and their massive ships with all that fossil fuels putting their emissions into the oceans, killing the reefs. Now we steal the oceans lithium. Wtf you people, all loving to kill the oceans. Stop it now.
Virus and therapeutics researchers, for future history books:

Ron Fouchier, Netherlands
Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Japan
Alexander Kagansky, Russia (died 2020)
Bing Liu, USA (died 2020)
Frank Plummer, Canada (died 2019)
Gita Ramjee, South Africa (died 2020)
Just over 50% of the vessels were responsible for 66% of the gap events - that makes them more likely doesn't it?
ML modules are definitely OO
I could write a backend in Elixir, Go, JavaScript, Python or C#, and language choice alone will lead me to very different architectures. Knowing multiple languages from the same category broadens your horizon, and choosing the right one helps you to work with the language and its ecosystem instead of constantly fighting against it
Probably splitting hairs, but I’d still call it a motor. It transforms electric current into physical motion.
Nice place for hackers.
It's pretty weird to see Nevada rank so highly. It does have a lot of extremely flat valleys (Nevada is under geological tension, literally stretching out the flat parts) but you'd have a hard time finding part of Nevada without mountains on the horizon. If anything, it shows how difficult it is to define 'overall flatness'. But, as a Floridian, I knew we would win easily regardless of metric.
I didn't see much discussion of a Product Owner in TFA.

I don't know the business value and sequencing of any of my "good idea faerie" strikes that I put into the backlog.

Grooming the backlog and producing the overall arc of effort needs access to more business information than I am privy.
Interference on Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices from iPhone MagSafe Tech
> I know of no ECS languages.

Any language with mixins and reflection can do ECS. e.g. Use mixins (components) and reflection to check which mixins an object (entity) has, then executing a code path (system) based upon that answer. Many dynamic languages, like Ruby, support this combination of features. I think the issue is many game developers work in C++ which lacks them.

There is a school of thought that design patterns are actually missing language features [1].
ECS seems like a text book case.

[1] http://wiki.c2.com/?AreDesignPatternsMissingLanguageFeatures
It's a sad thing what current Web turned into.
Google docs spreadsheets are taking 2 to 3 minutes to load on my laptop.
IMHO, people shouldn't drag everything into the browser just because they can.
I am presenting a counterpoint to the claim in the article that "it's just 1 more block" in a real world scenario (under somewhat different condition though: non-grid street network).

Do you think the phenomenon I described does not exist, or are you saying it's not relevant?
To be honest, the "evidence" I've seen so far boils down to stating that a virology lab was nearby the first outbreak so sure it must have come from that lab and couldn't have come from a wet market or elsewhere. In other words, evidence is confused with plausible storytelling, in incredibly common mistake nowadays.

What's mildly infuriating me about this is that the people who push the lab escape hypothesis seem to have political motivations, but the wet market origin hypothesis is much worse for China. Although they have officially prohibited many of the practices and animal abuse that make it easier for viruses to jump to humans from other hosts, these practices remain widespread. It's much easier to secure virology labs than tens of thousands of semi-legal and illegal wet markets.
If you want to do the double-spend really badly, would people actually react in time? Is there some precedent for the reaction time? Most big services wait to 3 confirmations, so assuming you find someone accepting 1 confirmation, network has ~20min to revert to a different chain before a rollback is just not feasible. (For BTC anyway)
Mike Abrash on Fast Antialiasing (1992)
Yes. 16gb ram, 1tb ssd MacBook air. 11.4 solved the issue, but I have now a laptop with 14% SSD wear. And an irreplaceable SSD.
They mean that single bit errors are detected in storage systems like ecc memory, or ZFS, and will raise a fault (I.e. be detected). Checksums tend not to follow data into the code. So bit flips in the cpu could do anything at runtime: wrong addition, choosing the wrong branch of an “if” block, etc.
There's this awful route Google Maps will give you, through the twisty back roads of SF because it thinks it can get you to the 101 faster. But it's sending everyone that way, so there's huge traffic on these narrow neighborhood roads. It's not a shortcut if everyone knows about it.

I think map apps should be optimizing for something more complex, like least amount of directions within a five minute arrival window. Saving two minutes of driving time isn't worth having to make eight more turns.
Does it upscale GameCube games? If not do the still look ok? Dreamcast VGA 480p still looks great.
This is true and one of the reasons I remain religious. Faith in an ultimate resolution allows you to persevere the suffering you will invariably go through. The loss you will certainly experience. It seems to me that without faith in something, Nihilism creeps in and that’s a dark place to live your short days.
I recently wanted to play the original Paper Mario, but sadly it's not available on Switch, only Wii U. So I decided to go the emulator route. Dolphin is so good that Paper Mario runs better as a Wii U Virtual Console ROM under Dolphin than it does as an N64 ROM under Project 64.
Malicious actor might be able to make a profit by shorting related stocks and playing with cryptocurrency derivatives.
> That's my refutation of the (silly IMO) "simulation argument"

I'm not one of these people, but your rebuttal wouldn't convince me if I were. Maybe we are the SimCity of a much more complex universe.
I was waiting for this response. As someone who doesn’t live in the city center, and has no easy means of mass transportation to get there, my response is: fine I just won’t go then. You lose my money.

In NYC or Chicago that’s probably not a big deal. In the vast majority of the rest of the US, that’s how you kill a city center. I can tell you in my case, given the homelessness issue that’s been getting worse the last decade, if you make it harder to get to the downtown area it will become a ghost town.
Yes, the very basis of LN is secure forwarding between payment channels.

Alice wants to send 1 BTC to Bob. Alice is connected — via a payment channel — to Mallory, and Mallory is connected to Bob. To do this Alice can send 1 BTC to Mallory, and then Mallory can send 1 BTC to Bob. This requires 1 BTC to be locked in both payment channels. The only thing LN guarantees is that the transfer is atomic, such that Mallory cannot refuse to forward the 1 BTC (received from Alice) to Bob.
The fascinating part is everyone did an about face on it overnight after the WSJ article.

We went from Facebook banning mention of the theory to everyone being certain it's right on the basis of "national security flack says someone who works at the lab was sick, during flu season".
But isn't that challenge of simulation exactly why empirical study would be valuable?

I'd want to know how the Hydrolysis effect varies as a function of EM frequency and salt composition. Hypothetically, different EM frequencies could produce resonance effects in water. Basically, I'm curious how the flame might grow bigger at different EM frequencies.

If anyone has any access to EM equipment like this, I'd definitely pay $1000 to catalyze. Seriously! I haven't been this curious about a physics phenomena since I learned about sonoluminescent bubble implosions "Mysterious Glowing Bubbles". Seriously.
https://www.newswise.com/articles/mysterious-glowing-bubbles

RIP Dr. Apfel, he was a big influence on me.

I know Alan McGaughey at CMU does water modeling at a molecular level, pretty cool stuff: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HmNtygkAAAAJ&hl=en
Yes. I don't think it is significantly relevant either in hindsight.
The entire cloud movement is recapitulating the development of the mainframe: containers, io budgets, metered usage, etc. Our industry has the memory of a bright dog.
You wouldn’t have to roll back. It would become apparent to honest miners that there is an invalid block, and the chain would split with the dishonest blocks you mined in your version of the chain, and the honest blocks mined before the 51% attack started in another. It would be a hard fork, similar to the BTC / BCH split, where the nodes not following the protocol are on their own chain doing whatever they want, and the honest nodes carry on following the protocol as usual.

Edit(s): need more coffee.
‘Flat’ is referring the surface of the pancake here, not the overall thickness.
good remark, as a 51% attack does does not let you do many things. An attack does not mean, that you can pull off anything.

For example with most cryptocurrencies even with an 51% attack you can't change "from who", "to who" (destination) and also not the "sending amount".

Requirement:

- most (or enough) people do run a validating node (and not just a SPV wallet)

=> That is why Bitcoin proponents to insist so much on keeping the main blockchain small and therefore secure (other solutions like lightning, ... can then be level 2 built on the secure layer. But without secure layer 1, you have nothing secure to begin with / built less upon... like less decentralised but more scalable solutions)
I'm assuming there's other advantages in terms of supply chain. We can put saltwater lithium extractors anywhere and have them be mostly automated. I don't know much about conventional lithium extraction but mining anything tends to be dirty business for both workers and the environment.
In my town you have largely 4 options:
- walk
- drive
- take a bus/tram
- bike

Walking is too slow and cumbersome for most people (e.g. 6-8 km one way to work seems like too much to do every day), and impossible if you want to go shopping anywhere except on your way to work.

Public transport is really slow and not as flexible as you want (many places without good connections, wait times 15-20 minutes, transit times 20-50 minutes).

So you are left really with bike (flexible, constant travel time regardless of traffic, keeps you fit -- but very susceptible to bad weather) and car (flexible, fast, great for transporting items -- but very susceptible to traffic).
If that's the only evidence you've seen so far, you're not looking very hard.
Types of People Based on How They Treat You
You can't rent that algorithm on the market they are calculating the spot rates for this from; you can come at this in another direction by asking "how much profit would I have to buy off of someone else to convince them to lend me their mining equipment", and we could quibble over whether that would provide more accurate results (I think it would), but I appreciate where the author of this site is coming from: this is how much it might cost to rent this much power off an existing open market for algorithms (which doesn't bother with Bitcoin as that is mined with specialized hardware and this kind of spot market doesn't apply very well).
The Flint Hills in Kansas are certainly not flat. It's actually a beautiful part of Kansas.
You might be confusing the JavaScript programming language and the browser runtime.

The former is a general purpose programing language that favors prototypical object oriented programing paradigm but supports multiple other paradigms such as imperative and functional.

The latter uses the JavaScript language and adds on a bunch of specific APIs (such as the DOM) for specific purposes. This includes APIs for DOM manipulation, playing audio, validating inputs, parsing forms, handling key presses, etc.
Thanks meiraleal, I've responded from a different email address as I use the vinny address publicly just to cut down on spam.
Oh, so vulnerable and fragile media decided to spin a ridiculous narrative because of stupid comments on the internet? Maybe the media should grow up and stop acting like a stereotypical 13 year old girl.
There's certainly an argument that it's all the fault of the Great Leap Forward.
The major economies are also large sources of these loopholes.
From the Swift docs regarding closures (I would have used Haskell doc reference, but the Haskell docs are so esoteric and vague as to be nearly useless):

“A closure can capture constants and variables from the surrounding context in which it’s defined. The closure can then refer to and modify the values of those constants and variables from within its body, even if the original scope that defined the constants and variables no longer exists.”

https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/LanguageGuide/Closures.htm...
An actor-based execution model for a functional language
Sometimes people wonder how it would look like if every element (like '+', '-', '&' or 'if') of your programming language would be an asynchronous actor. I tried it out.
Learning (very basic) Prolog indirectly caused me to learn to write parsers, AST transformations and symbolic derivation - I picked up a book on Prolog and was mystified by how simple the examples of symbolic derivation were in Prolog, a subject I was struggling with. So I sat down and figured out how to do an expression parser just so I could write a solver that mimicked how Prolog did it to understand how it worked. And in the process I learned a lot more.

It was transformational in a way my maths teacher was not...
Sure but the revolutionary cancer treatments and biotech stuff made it to market and now we have a new generation of cell and gene therapies that are incredibly effective send powerful used in patients. And mrna technology deployed to hundreds of millions of people to end a global pandemic. Biotech has been moving so fast since the human genome project that it makes no sense to call it a boy who cried wolf situation.

Also google assistant is pretty nuts if you step back and think a out it. Ai has been doing pretty alright as well. IDK what exactly your expectations are for revolutionary treatments and powerful AIs but what we have already is pretty insane.
For the upcoming POS Ethereum chain (which is still being worked on!), the current cost is around $15 billion. And that increases as more stakers get online.

Vitalik Buterin just explained that a few days ago and provided that number.

So I'm very sceptical of these numbers on that website or I'm not able parse what it tries to say.
I’ve driven in places that forbid left turns and the impact is nowhere near what you say it is - your example appears very specific to your town where things seem particularly bad but also your phrasing (“punished” by traffic - guess what, if you’re driving, you are traffic) is not very objective for a rational, general counterpoint.
To my surprise, the OED says both are valid uses, and "mike" actually might predate "mic". Its earliest example for mike is from 1926, while the earliest for mic is 1961.

You're on Air viii., 1926: "The man at the ‘mike’ watches..and tells the audience the type of play."

Singers' Glossary of Show Business Jargon, 1961: "Microphone: (Abbr. mike or mic)."
It's almost like the media is taking cues from the Biden administration.
Germany faced its horrible past. Can we do the same?
Interesting site, but the salient data here (1hr attack rate), is scrolled way off to the right on mobile.
JS is incredibly versatile, though I would agree that that's mostly JavaScript being equally bad in nearly every domain :)

I wonder how much of the horizontal scaling trend is driven by JavaScript's horrible threading story.
Downtown Brooklyn, Jersey City and Long Island city have all skyrocketed in the past decade, granted they are all centered around Manhattan and can be viewed as skyscraper sprawl.

Flushing, which is more on the outskirts, has grown rapidly very recently and has some massive development planned.

The city is definitely moving in the direction of decentralization, but that could just be because the center is saturated. Will be interesting to see what it looks like in the next decade.
Does anyone still use objective-C outside of Apple?
I wonder if some HAMs (Amateur Radio Operators) would like to investigate this matter. Seems like an interesting "fox-hunt" ( searching for a radio transmission source, and not the cruel practice still allowed in the UK).
Not only am I always impressed by Dolphin, but by how interesting and detailed their blog posts are! If only other software projects could do the same. I don't even really play games much anymore, especially Nintendo games, but somehow I always come away with delight when I read the Dolphin progress updates and so on.
Well, the whole point of this is that you aren't having to do anything special to "get that much hash power up and running": you just rent it off NiceHash; all you provide is the cash. Responding to your attack with a network fork isn't going to happen in the course of an hour, so the issue is "can I convince someone to sell me something--or swap me money on a different chain--worth more than the cost of this attack".
El Salvador already gave up that monetary control by using USD, many other countries also have currencies that are worthless and/or rapidly becoming worthless.
Yeah. I mean "It's hit or miss whether Joe will drop on a given call" is one thing. "Joe seems to have a day where his Internet is glitchy every month or two" is something else.

Same thing with power, which is more reliable than my Internet. I might have a power outage every year or so and a more extended one significantly less often. I've actually thought about getting a generator but it hardly seems worth it. Only thing that makes me consider it is I live where it gets cold in the winter.
No, it's an attitude of haughty dismissal, which the media has a real problem with too.
> indirectly produces CO2 in the same way the staff driving to a nuclear power plant

The same way? Mining, processing, shipping, etc... There is a difference between "the same way" and an actual carbon accounting.

Money doesn't matter, only carbon matters. Nuclear is a long term investment, it doesn't mean it's more expensive.
A lot of the super high end stuff wouldn’t be appreciably different from a lower end podcasting setup for zoom calls. The issue is both diminishing returns, and the fact that pro gear is usually designed to meet standards and tasks that amateurs never need.

For example, a professional mic might need to record a singer or a guitar, which demands a much wider frequency response than spoken word does. My mic might be horrible for a singer, I’ve never tried, but as long as it works in the relatively narrow range where I speak it’s fine.
If I understand, you are saying you wouldn't try to empirically research this because 1. burning salt water isn't strange enough and 2. it would be difficult to calculate and model.

That seems reasonable and yet unfortunate. It seems like the kind of experiment that a scientist would try to undertake out of sheer curiosity.