skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Hamburger is "from Hamburg", not "made from ham", and is borrowed from German. "Frankfurter" (from Frankfurt) and "Wiener" (from Vienna, Wien, in German) have the same etymology.

All languages have the sort of contradictions that are pointing out there, and English isn't especially bad (in fact, most of the examples there are directly inherited from German). Most of the difficult things in English come from it being a Germanic language with a bunch of French bolted onto it. That's why its spelling is so atrocious and there are a lot of duplicated words with very similar meanings in common use.

But, blessedly, English does have the simplest grammar of probably any European language. (I've occasionally heard that Swedish is the closest in simplicity, also being a Germanic language that's dropped most of the complexity, but isn't quite as inundated with loanwords.) Aside from a couple of concepts (the gerund, specifically, which isn't common in some European language families), most grammatical structures in English have direct equivalents in all other European languages.

However, going the other way is difficult: most European languages have formal and informal voices, gendered nouns, some have irregular plurals (German, notably), subtler and more verb tenses (Romance languages), and complex case structures (German and even worse, Slavic languages). If you're a native English speaker that doesn't know what cases are, for example the word for "the" in German changes based on which of the three genders the noun is and how it's used. It could be "die", "der", "das", "den", "dem" or "des", and the endings of words that need to be in agreement with it change as well.

The main reason English became the modern lingua franca is the British Empire, but it does help that it's also a very easy language.
Hong Kong flu killed (100,000 people) 0.05% of US population in 1969. Would be around 160,000 people today. Although as a whole we were much more healthier back then. Lower weight etc. It's no inconceivable that if the same exactly Hong Kong flu hit the United states today there would be more deaths than Covid, due to the much poorer health of the nation.
> Apparently suicides and deaths from starvation were also up significantly

Out of curiosity, do you have any sources on that?

I’ve been interested in this topic after observing, locally, a number of politicians who had previously pushed hard to cut funding for mental health and who were ideologically opposed to the concept of lockdowns suddenly and vocally expressing a great deal of concern about mental health & a supposed uptick in suicides that was (they claimed) going to be worse than COVID itself.

When all was said and done, though, suicide rates in my locality were significantly lower than average: https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/suicide-deaths-in-alberta-in-2020...
Low income / essential workers & overcrowded homes are a far more significant factor that often go unmentioned when people try to compare the outcomes between state & municipal public health interventions. This was observed well before the winter surge.
https://calmatters.org/projects/overcrowded-housing-californ...

How do you isolate when there's more members than actual rooms in the home & only one one restroom?
Signing a paper contract doesn't mean you're bound to any bad thing that happens because of it for life. If a smart contract is so strict that eg it can be against public policy then it's not a real contract.
None of Thailand, Vietnam and Mongolia are islands and their handling of covid is world class compared to parts of Europe and the US.

These countries are also far poorer and in the case of Thailand especially that has been a major contributing factor, as they've been less able to afford closing their country to tourism.
It s so easy to compare with common cold because both are coronavirii...

Look I wore the mask like everyone in HK since the first day, but you have to admit you talk of it like it could kill you. It wouldn't, deaths are rare.

Millions of people are not a big relative number... There are things that must kill way more that you consider absolute necessity, like coca cola, whisky or cigarets.
Can someone help me understand why the above, well-sourced post is getting downvoted into oblivion while the nasty one-line response with no supporting citations is getting upvoted?
Network participants are free to ignore the results of provably random selection procedures and “re-roll”. In general there is no known way to impose real cost on protocol violations like this. This is the genius of PoW; it uniquely associates real-world expenditures with protocol actions. It’s probably impossible to replicate this in a more efficient, but still secure and reliable, way.
Somewhat related, on the opposite point. Elon Musk among others said the counting of deaths was manipulated upwards, with comorbidity being counted as a COVID death even when the patient had 2 or more serious health conditions already. I think there is a desire to overcount which must not be glossed over either.
That sounds like a pretty wild conspiracy theory. Any basis for this belief?
The real question - how many countries did well that were at the center of the prior SARS and bird flu outbreaks of the past?
i made something similar that lets you map times between arbitrary timezones: http://getwaqt.netlify.app/. thanks for sharing!
In very small minority of cases. I know a lot (at least 20) people that got the virus, and all of them are fine today, as they were before catching the virus. Of course people that got really sick and went to the hospital, it's different. But most of them were either old or already had some illness.

In the end we are making all this effort to stop a virus, while we sell (with profit) cigarettes that makes each years an only slightly smaller number of deaths. So to me, if we care about public health so much, just stop selling tobacco and we reduce the mortality. But do we care? In the end, we need people to die, at one point.
That's not a blanket policy or typical law. Commercial broadband providers lobbied to have state laws passed specifically prohibiting or restricting municipal broadband projects.
> And the U.S. couldn't close its land borders even if it wanted to

Maybe not perfectly, but surely the vast majority of traffic across land borders is at managed border crossings. The US could shut those down, put the army on any unmanaged roads/routes (don’t know if this is a thing) and stop 95% or more of land border traffic?

Maybe it wouldn’t have made a difference to Covid - I don’t know about that, but I do question the impossibility claim.
The only way alternative app stores would stand a chance is if an app store lottery were foisted on Google.

(A) They can't bundle GApps with Play Store & (B) they have to present an app store picker instead of defaulting to Google Play.
> Thanks for the elaborate answer! You probably have a higher standard on programming languages than I do. I understand that Dart is a very basic language, and comparing it to something almost academic like Haskell will probably make it seem real primitive and stupid. Coming from mostly frontend/UI product dev in C#/Java/JS I've had a blast with it though.

Well I spend a lot of my time yak shaving so :). Most of the time in the real world, Dart is good-enough (and is definitely better than JS without TS, from a safety/maintainability perspective).

You're absolutely right, Haskell is academic, but what impresses me about other languages was that they took little bits -- Rust took a lot, Golang took a tiny bit (protocols look more like type classes than class-based inheritance).

I'm somewhat surprised that you prefer it to C# though -- C# was supposed to be better Java, and I didn't think that Dart was better than C# outright. Maybe I'm wrong on that, if it feels more fun to use (i.e. easier so much so that it's enjoyable, but you're not frustrated).

> I do agree that some common patterns are contrived (BLoC, json serialization via codegen, etc), but I'm not sure it's fair to criticize the language itself for this.

BLoC isn't fair to criticize (it's more about Flutter), but JSON serialization is fair in my mind because it's the direct result of a too-weak type system. But yeah overall I'm making the typical HN ado about nothing. In the real world people would just pick flutter (for it's good parts) and commit.

> Also FWIW sound null safety is now the preferred way to write Dart (given your deps have adapted to it), so that part is hopefully solved.

First I've heard of this addition, and it's commendable that they're undertaking this herculean effort, but this is so meh. Typescript arguably has this problem (since it has to interop with JS), but the way you solve it is so simple there. Turn on strict mode, and you're done -- because they considered it from very early on (if not the beginning). Language designers should know what the state of the art is and make good decisions around it up front, this is like 10x worse than writing a bad framework, because you can't drop out (of the framework) -- there is nowhere to drop out to (I mean... yeah you could FFI or something ridiculous but...).

But anyway I'm just tilting at windmills -- people that have to get shit done will just get it done with Dart like they have with every other tool that is less-than-perfect. I'll just stay in my ivory molehill.
It’s luff-burra to save others looking!
Unlike what? Android? iOS?

I dare you to close your eyes and install a random free app on the Play Store or Apple App Store. Chances are high you'll download some malware.
The Lebanese Diaspora
Apparently not. If they had not signed up for it, in this case they would not have ended up triaging a bug they did not have the skills or hardware to tackle.
We Found Joe Biden’s Secret Venmo. It’s a Privacy Nightmare for Everyone
Sincerely, I don't know. Almost all of the at risk population here has had at least a first shot. But the situation in Ontario has been pretty bad the past few weeks.

But I don't follow the science closely enough. I hope they're making the right call, because it's really hard on the kids. I'm just glad my own little guy is not of school age yet, and in fact is young enough to be mostly oblivious to the whole thing.
I agree that the reduction is a PR move but I doubt any reduction for large shops would be received well. If the cut was 10% they’d want 5%. If the cut was 5% they want 3%. This debate is much less about expense than it is about principle.
Proofs are programs and programs are proofs of themselves. The ways proofs might help you show that a program is "correct" (what you meant to say) are 1. the effect of writing it twice in different languages 2. that proofs may be more abstract and you can refine the program from them.

But a proof/formal methods can't actually prevent you from being wrong because you can be wrong at any meta level.
Exactly. The typical problem with these huge, two-sided online marketplaces is that they are the big guy in any "negotiation" of terms with both sides of the market, which means they can effectively dictate the terms. And yet, they are just an intermediary. The only value they contribute is connecting the other parties and facilitating the transaction. In other words, they are the least important player, yet often they are taking a huge cut that inevitably pushes prices up for buyers and profits down for sellers.

I suspect the best way to bust those marketplaces and reduce them to making profits commensurate with the true value they offer is to prohibit them from handling any financial transactions between the two parties at all. Instead, let them simply get paid by the sellers on some agreed terms. If they offer enough value to justify the rate they ask, the sellers will pay it. If they are too greedy, the sellers will go somewhere else. And if they have a monopoly or monopsony position, they are subject to the same competition law as any other business buying or selling anything else in an exclusive or dominant position.
This is why Defi wins: people realize early that their contracts have to be space-proof and nuclear-proof, or else the punishment can be more than fatal. But the bigger win is there s no bailout or stimulus. Insurance is an additional level on top of the chain
> "too cumbersome" and require re-uploading the same app package repeatedly, but it would work.

This is true and "too cumbersome" is worth expanding on. Without specific targeting what is delivered to the device, 100s of MB of storage can be wasted after the APK is uncompressed. The data that is unused can't be deleted but is unusable or unneeded on that device.

When specifically targeting a single device you have multiple axes to target:

* 4 native CPU architectures: [x86, x86_64, armeabi-v7a, arm64-v8a]

* resource DPIs: [ldpi, mdpi, hdpi, xhdpi, xxhdpi]

* 6+ SDK targetSdks with meaningful feature variances (basically potential features enabled/disable every year for the last 7-8 years).

* 80+ individual languages

If the goal is to exactly match the device/user in question, you'd need to generate and apply appropriate versionCodes for: 4 * 7 * 6 * 80 = 13440 individually, versioned, signed and uploaded APKs.

Of additional note, the versionCodes must be precisely ordered to ensure the right version is selected. A device will get the highest version which is compatible with the device. So if an x86 version is higher than x86_64 a 64 bit device that can handle both will still get the x86 instead of the x86_64 version. Same goes for DPI ordering and SDK ordering.
Not sure how notion is beating Google and MSFT.
outside of the totalitarian choices, which were entirely untenable in the US, we really had no good options to slow, much less stop, the pandemic. nearly all of it was theater.

the best mitigation would have been to get people to generally distance around familiars indoors and don a mask if you’re going to spend time in close proximity or face-to-face for a while. that would have required families to treat each other as threats rather than safeties, which is why that was not tenable. it’s so much easier to treat strangers as threats.

this best mitigation would have led us to violate a visceral belief about the world, creating significant cognitive dissonance, and that’s why we instead focused so much on ineffective measures to protect ourselves from strangers with masks and lockdowns that didn’t tackle the core infection vector through familiars. it’s really not that difficult to unravel what was happening, even at the beginning. watching us dance around this elephant in the room as if it didn’t exist has been no less than maddening.
"Must return the [digital] documents, which they didn't plan on publishing anyway."

What?
What do you think people were doing before there were exposure meters available or when one was just too expensive for them?

For a long time exposure meters were a luxury.
200-300 matches and no encounters seems very high!

I'd say my match-to-meet ratio is more like 15-30%, and I don't think I'm doing anything amazing. Very average looking, and I just talk to women like humans.

Even my most "I'm not looking for a relationship" profile (I had something like "just out of a long relationship. Looking for something casual." or something like that on my profile) get less matches but the meeting ratio seemed the same.
It's a war and most haven't even noticed. So far Western governments aren't actively forcing anything but are merely reacting. And so they're always at least a step behind.
Trust but verify: I trust Debian more to start, and reproducible builds mean I can verify.
Wait, isn't this the fault of the company that made the app? How does the App Store have anything to do with a company shutting down their server or not?
Are schools a major source of transmission for teachers and staff?
I built (or at least "designed most of, built parts of") Hyperscan: https://github.com/intel/hyperscan - a fast multiple regular expression matcher.

It was not originally open sourced; it was a commercial product for some time.

I wasn't satisfied with what already existed at the time (and neither were our customers) because most regular expression libraries are not focused on performance (using backtracking), streaming (again, backtracking) across multiple inputs - e.g. packets - without holding on to old data - and handling lots of regular expressions at scale.

re2 came along while we were still doing a commercial project but had zero impact on our sales, as it didn't handle streaming (weirdly, imo, as it could have) but it also didn't scale very well to large numbers of patterns.

I also designed simdjson (https://github.com/simdjson/simdjson), although others (chiefly Daniel Lemire and John Keiser) now do all the real work. It's still my design under the hood (although the "On Demand" stuff is significantly new and different). I built the first prototypes of simdjson because Daniel trolled me with a paper from Microsoft and I was bored.
They should maybe be forced to learn what a dependent type system is so they can regret that their smart contracts are written in a language with no safety features.
It came in for my state only a few years back. We returned ours a few times, but the novelty quickly wears off and it is really not worth the time. Now I just leave them sorted in a cardboard box out on the curb on our recycling collection day and they vanish pretty quickly due to the efforts of said deposit bottle entrepreneurs.
Just to be clear: the alternative there is that nobody looks at the bug at all because nobody but the bug reporter has the hardware. I don't think that's what you want, I assume you would just prefer the bug to be fixed.
Phyllis Winkler, long-time secretary to Don Knuth, used to refer to it as “Pigeon Poo”.
What's your native language?
Truth, I was hoping to see how the greener DAG networks like IOTA and Cardano stack up here.
I’m generally on Apple’s side in this debate, but on this point specifically I think Apple is in the wrong. It’s just silly that apps which don’t route payments through the App Store aren’t allowed to say so. And further, it degrades the user experience when you download an app, which Apple has reviewed and approved, but that app doesn’t work without a subscription etc. which you have to just “figure out” how to buy outside the app. That rule has always felt over the top to me.
>>And the U.S. couldn't close its land borders even if it wanted to.

Given that until recently the US was quite militant in refusing to act upon the outbreak, and it's a country comprised of hundreds of million of people among which about a third showed themselves to be quite defiant towards even the most trivial emergency public health policies, I don't think it's fair to refer to border control as a relevant factor in the US's death toll.
GP means in the US, where there was a 24% spike in roadway deaths per miles driven. Here's some more details:

"The nonprofit National Safety Council estimates in a report issued Thursday that 42,060 people died in vehicle crashes in 2020, an 8% increase over 2019 and the first jump in four years.

Plus, the fatality rate per 100 million miles driven spiked 24%, the largest annual percentage increase since the council began collecting data in 1923."

"Motor vehicle fatality estimates are subject to slight increases and decreases as data mature. The National Safety Council uses data from the National Center for Health Statistics, an arm of the CDC, so that deaths occurring within 100 days of the crash and on both public and private roadways – such as parking lots and driveways – are included in the Council’s estimates."

It's hard to figure out exactly how to credit this—perhaps the overall excess COVID deaths are being counted as part of the "100 days"? But the USA Today article quotes lots anecdotal data from state highway officials that back up this claim, including an increase in speeding tickets and an increase in crashes that involve intoxication over the same time period: https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2021/03/05/pandemi.... The 8-9% number they quote is also backed up by Minnesota's own statistics, which I would imagine are more limited in what they consider a traffic death.
Sincere question out of curiosity, since I have not been exposed to Go at all.

How do container types, like arrays or hashmaps work without generics? Do you basically have to declare and implement types/methods for each different contained type?
I am using a https://noctua.at/en/nh-l9i as the cooler for it and it keeps it in a sensible range. I don't really max out all of the cores frequently, and certainly not with the most power-hungry workloads - eg AVX2.

Noctua only recommend this with the following caveats:

Recommended with good case ventilation only.
If power limits are disabled in BIOS, CPU might not be able to keep maximum turbo clock under prolonged AVX loads, suggested maximum power limit: 140W

For case ventilation - the fan draws air straight from outside of the case onto the heatsink in the DeskMini chassis, so that's covered.

My workload is mostly VMs & containers - although it also runs a Gitlab CI build instance.

Practically, I've not had any issues. Typical CPU temps are in the 30s or 40s according to coretemp.

Obviously, YMMV!

edit: for me, this replaced a nuc8i5beh that was very loud under typical workloads. Changed from a laptop-style very whiny fan to the inaudible noise of the noctua, and I got a lot more performance out of it as well.
Craig Wright claims to be Satoshi and is the creator of Bitcoin SV.
for Ethereum, my understanding is that the proportion from fees has been a substantial proportion (like, over 15%? idr the exact proportion, but I'm reasonably sure it is at least 15% ) for over a year.
Why are BSV and BCH insecure?
Once generics are released, anyone will be able to trivially write an Underscore or Lodash-like library providing filter, map, reduce, etc.
> Just because we have two neighboring countries on north and south borders doesn't mean we couldn't lockdown people from coming in...

If there was one thing Trump was all in on, it was closing the southern border. His motivations were obviously not COVID for most of that, but the fact is he was nowhere near able to control that border (let alone close it) despite his best efforts.

Before you downvote me, I'm not saying I agree with Trump's policy on the matter, just pointing out that he did try.
Almost all IP traffic goes through an Internet backbone router which can process 100Gbps+. It's no problem. I suggest people think of Bitcoin miners like this in the future. These would be big operations, yes, but they are economically incentivized to honesty, and there will be plenty of competition. Once you use your imagination, or try to build a node yourself, you'll see the only real bottleneck in Bitcoin's architecture is the updating of the UTXO set, and this can be made extremely fast - eventually in hardware. All other transaction and block validation and propagation can be parallelized or removed as a bottleneck. Users share transactions p2p and settle them onchain, and apps and services create sub-networks of transactions they care about. It all works. But to do that people need to drop the assumption that home users need to run a node - it's a broken idea that holds Bitcoin back. The original design of Bitcoin was remarkable in its ability to scale, which was written about by Satoshi and ignored, and this is being demonstrated again in Bitcoin SV. On the other hand, almost every other cryptocurrency has deviated from that simple design. Ethereum for example requires a global state database and cannot parallelize this way.
Virus reservoirs are things. This is why New Zealand has not admitted tourists, and why their case count is so low.
Paint pens work great, too.