skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Look at the European market: manual gears everywhere

Automatic is more expensive. If they had the same price tag then most people would buy automatic in Europe too, because it's more convenient.
Sort of. The thing is, while there are already variants out there that impact immune response, it's not like a single mutation is a vaccine escape. It's more like the vaccines go from 95% efficacy to 75% efficacy.

Now, I'm no biologist but I would imagine DNA viruses are easier to vaccinate primarily because they have lower mutation rates than RNA viruses. However, even within RNA viruses, there's differences in mutation rates. Influenza mutates so fast (and is allowed to replicate out-of-control most of the time) to the point that vaccine escape happens within a year or so - that's why you need a new flu shot every year. As far as I'm aware, COVID-19 mutates slower than the flu, so vaccine escape will take longer.

Out of the three COVID-19 vaccines out there, two of them use an mRNA vaccine platform. This isn't because you need to match mRNA viruses with mRNA vaccines, but because it's just an extremely versatile platform to work with. In fact, for Moderna, stopping a worldwide pandemic was just a side project. Their actual goal was to produce custom cancer vaccines tailored to an individual patient's tumors. You can do this because the vaccine is just some genetic material and some nanoparticles to get it into cells. Your body itself makes the actual antigens that your immune system then fights.

So what will ultimately happen in the event of a vaccine escape is that Moderna and Pfizer will tweak their vaccines a little and the FDA will fast-track a new roll-out of the modified shot after Stage 1 testing. They already do this for flu vaccines - it's the only reason why we can even vaccinate against the flu in the first place. And as far as I'm aware, Moderna and Pfizer are both already trialling booster shots. Not so much because they expect a vaccine escape, but because they expect immunity to wane regardless of how fast the virus mutates.
Making transparent wood
In practice, malware has numerous ways to attack files, not just writing to the filesystem itself. https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2018/09/27/out-of-si... is a good overview of some of the techniques used. Generally, you need to ensure that programs can't get other already-trusted programs to do their bidding, and that's tough.

Apple has done a lot of work here, but the more you request user intervention to enable access, the more you invite a frustrated user simply clicking yes to everything, which defeats the purpose. https://tidbits.com/2018/09/10/mojaves-new-security-and-priv... is a good overview.

More generally, though, for the use case of infrequently accessed personal files, a hardened mirror of your data that specifically keeps old versions of files, even if told by a corrupted system that they should be deleted or rewritten, is the type of thing you need. And systems like Dropbox are designed to do just that. If any file can be rewinded to a specific point in time at any time, is that particularly different from someone trying to answer the UX problems with permissions dialogs for filesystem access etc. by saying "if someone tries to delete/modify a file, let's just log that it happened and ensure the user can easily (in this case retroactively) prevent them from doing so?"
The F-Droid ecosystem is also working towards reproducible builds[0] so you can have more verification options for what you, as a user, received.

Not sure how that would work with a proprietary app store like Play store.

[0]: https://f-droid.org/en/docs/Reproducible_Builds/
Can I borrow the IBN? Please? I promise I'll return it...
Fines up to $66k or five years prison for Australians returning home from India
Damn. I was looking forward to scrapping any I saw on the street for parts.
I love them for similar reasons.

In my case, I was doing precision sheet metal and would often produce 1:1 layout plots for various purposes.

They sound amazing, and the better ones can really move and repeat to crazy good precision.
> Influenza mutates so fast (and is allowed to replicate out-of-control most of the time) to the point that vaccine escape happens within a year or so - that's why you need a new flu shot every year.

No, it's because the yearly flu shot only includes a couple of the viruses out there. They take a best guess in the spring as to which ones will be the most prevalent in the fall and start production on those.

From what I remember it's limited to only a few for two main reasons: Cost and some of the vaccines aren't actually compatible with each other (so you can't put them in the same shot).
Surprisingly, politics is not emphasized, the explanation is accurate (as far as I know) and easy to understand.

Bottom line: efficacy 91%+ and it is safe according to the intermediate report in February (3rd trial should end in May?). It may also be less fragile, easier to store/transport.
Very well written
You got it right.
Generally speaking, RNA viruses (without the “m”) have higher mutation rates than DNA ones.
Therefore the possibility of a vaccine-evading mutation arising in their genome is higher as well.
However, predicting a priori the effect of such a mutation is difficult, because it depends on many factors.

For instance, the mRNA vaccines are optimized to generate antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the prefusion state. If a mutation alters this conformation the immune response elicited by the vaccine might be reduced or even abolished.

In addition to that, mapping the mutational space of the virus is experimentally challenging and computationally expensive, so there’s no easy way to be prepared against potentially detrimental mutations.
Yeah, as far as I can tell we only really have three options when dealing with a trading partner that will subsidize exports: either we ban importing from that country until they drop the subsidies or we levy duties and other taxes to offset the subsidies or we subsidize ourselves. “Free market” thinking won’t work because the market already has been interfered with by a foreign government.
Vascular disease: Researchers show how Covid-19 spike protein damages cells
All of the ones I used had no optimization. They were basically CNC machines.

Feed it the ops, and they do those ops with precision and speed and will repeat all of that a zillion times.

Optimization was a front end process, if it was one at all.
I think a big problem with the node ecosystem is the lack of standard library. When I'm developing on PHP, Python, or go, they have a vast standard library that means the likelihood of me using a third-party package is relatively low for the most mundane stuff. Comparing that to node, and you'll need to use an npm package for just about anything. This automatically gives you a much larger attack surface. If I understand correctly Deno is supposed to address that, but I have yet to play with it, so not sure how it works.
How to integrate React front end with Node / express back end
The reason why Google is not accused of hosting copyrighted content is because they somehow managed to sell the fiction that streaming and download are two totally different things. The slightest touch can make that fiction dissipate.
I recall that, even if only with disgust.

I've also had a Freerunner, in theory the ideal pocket computer with Linux on it.

Practically, you could barely have a phone call with all the echo going on and navigation-wise it took _ages_ to find its GPS fix (no AGPS iirc) - the shielded antenna, mentioned down-thread, probably didn't help.

And yeah, whatever you had on screen was probably way too small to be read or interacted with :(

I think i got rid of it on eBay after a few weeks...
> The model also shields to a certain extent against conflict of interests (the product is the user, i.e. ads/tracking/hostile maintainership takeover)

What I find difficult to wrap my head around is that the Debian model (I know other distributions do this as well but just have to give it some name) is very difficult to scale. We basically need maintainers at every single Linux distributions who will (I imagine) go through all the changesets/diffs and painstakingly build the deployable artifacts for their distributions. I can't imagine a single maintainer being able to maintain more than a dozen or so packages and there is a lot of duplicated effort. The Play Store has about three million apps. I know we want to be able to escalate to a human when necessary but I imagine some automation is necessary.

As I write this, I can see the contradiction in what I am asking for... if the store builds, signs, and distributes binaries using the store's credentials but cannot vouch for the quality of the application. ...

I was just thinking that if the app stores had access to the source code and the build instructions maybe that would help somehow but I didn't think it through.
This is kind of anecdotal to Meego, WebOS, FirefoxOS and all the other forms of them that happened in the past.

I don't think that people will use the phone solely because it's Linux. They'll use it if it can solve their tasks at hand.

Personally I think that Linux will never take off if we won't create financial incentives to make and deploy apps, additionally to fix the mess that's user rights/permission management in GTK and QT.

Currently there are no working native alternatives on Linux, libhandy is still a joke for simple tasks like a fading sidebar (or even swipe gestures!) and QT can't be used for anything serious due to their license.

My hope for servo, FirefoxOS and WebOS was that there will be some day an alternative to Electron that's focussed on permissions and sandboxing, and that allows to be externally configured and is more modular on the environment (VM) level. Basically like a settings app on Android that can toggle GPS, toggle Networking access, toggle Camera access etc.

Layouting-wise CSS has won the masses. Everyone that tries to reinvent it for their own opinionated views has failed and given up (including me who spent over 6 years developing an isomorphic App Engine full-time). It's time to let go. The web has won and there's no point in denying it.

React has won most of the developer crowd because of React Native and convenience of staying in the same language and more importantly, being able to reuse the same code architecture.

I think in order for Linux to succeed there has to be a compile pipeline (and runtime?) that allows to deploy those apps easily. If that's not possible (due to whatever reasons) the platform will never really take off.

Privacy and Security and Openness is just no argument for the average user that doesn't care and just wants to get their tasks done.
That reminds me of this article about how companies/countries/continents lose their tech knowledge:

https://berthub.eu/articles/posts/how-tech-loses-out/
And also the European anti-encryption proposals [0]

Lawfull intercept was done on IronChat, PGP-SAFE and Ennetcom that gave direct access to the communication of criminals which are now successfully used in court. In the most recent case, the tacktic of subverting all copies was successfully used by the police to decrypt Sky ECC and get access to .5 billion messages used primarily by criminals.

In this comment [1] regarding Sky ECC the question was raised

> How could I get a court order to get blanket access to Signal?

To which we now know the answer: On Android you don’t, you ask a court order for a list of specific phones you want to listen onto.

I’m baffled that Human Rights & Cilvil Liberty organisations are not standing up more fiercely against the new Play Store policy.

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25940566 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25940670

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26468437#26483634
Tech Loses Out at Companies, Countries and Continents
Why is this being downvoted? Finance capital not wanting to pay “high” union wages is literally the main driver of manufacturing being in China and just in time manufacturing is to keep every possible penny moving. Be as mad you want but I’m not hearing any alternative theory of how we got in this mess.
Looks cool. Where do they get the data from?
Yes, it’s my main source of news.
`diff -y` works in a pinch but I generally use icdiff: https://www.jefftk.com/icdiff
It's not going to improve payment, people who don't want to pay won't pay.

The NYC subway system's answer to that: full-height turnstiles.[1]

NYC can do that because their system predates the ADA and they don't have to offer wheelchair access.

[1] https://turnstileinstallation.us/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/...
Targeted for not donating, I presume.
I respectfully do not believe the newest generation military devices are often revealed to the public...25 yrs ago I had access to military night vision goggles (not the latest gen at the time) and they were spectacular. In 0 lux, they illuminated fantastically. Noise and shapes were no issue.

The article subject matter is also incredible, btw.
I'm not an optimistic person! I just see there being different ways to innovate here. Right now, Tesla is pretty much the only one offering OTA updates, and they don't charge extra for it. It's just built into the price of the vehicle (as far as I understand).

I think a healthy market would have more OTA offerings, which could be purchased outright (if you planned to have the car for many years) or paid year-to-year. Basically, there has been very little innovation/competition in this space, and Tesla is shaking things up. I see that as a good thing, since innovation and competition will make things better for customers on balance.
> but the new variations / mutations would require new vaccines?

I'll just poke at this part since the other responses are good on the rest:

It's not "would", it's "might". The mRNA vaccines, for example, train your body against the spike protein - a very specific piece of the virus. The vaccines would still work against any mutations that don't change that piece of the virus, and even for the mutations that do change it, the change might not be big enough to have an effect.
Ask HN: How do I help my friend get his first tech job?
I've been a dev for awhile and I have a friend who's around 30 and wants to be a software dev. I started talking to him about it a few years ago and I helped him learn Android dev and basics of CS. If his path early on would've been different he definitely would've been a software engineer, just didn't get that opportunity and hes been an electrician (non-union) most of his life. He's got a family so can't just quit to do a boot camp, but based on talking to him I think he's got the aptitude to learn on the job quickly. Unfortunately I don't know how to help him break in. Are there entry level, junior engineer , or tester roles for non-recent college grads? I think he'd take a job making less than what he's making to break in but everything I see is asking for several years of experience or a degree.

He's looking for something remote or in Honolulu because that's where his family is.

Has anyone done this or helped anyone go through this? Do I help him just get good at coding interviews or help him create some Android apps?
I elaborated on this more in my other response but:

“ I never would have thought to not work there because they didn't share my race. That would have been bigoted.”

There’s a wealth of factors that go into a choice to work somewhere, and someone not choosing to work at your company because they don’t see themselves represented isn’t necessarily bigotry, but then also wanting an assurance of a safe space and not always knowing whether it will be. I wish I could tell you otherwise but I’ve had these conversations with a wealth of marginalized groups over my career and the teams I’ve built, so it’s not unusual. It’s not a “oh I don’t want to work with these people because I’m [x] and they’re [y]” matter the majority of the time. It’s more often “man, I’m going to be the only [x] on a team of 30 [y]s” which is often culturally uncomfortable for a lot of people.

And yes sometimes on occasion it is “man, I don’t want to be working with a company of 10 [y]s where I’m the only [x]” or “if the executive team is all or majority [y]s, do I know for sure there’s career advancement opportunities here?”

We do have a rampant amount of sexism, racism, etc in our field (just like many others) and so that is something unfortunately people sometimes suspect. I’m not at all saying that this is the situation at your company - far from it - just saying the choices for people are most often verrrrrry far from bigotry.

Not sure of your background but it’s also not too hard for a CIS white male to not sweat working on any other team composition (say, all Indian) vs the reverse, because hey - even if you’re paying a pioneer tax, you’re probably not paying it for long. There’s a lot of advantages that group has that are often taken for granted. :)
Employment is an explicit goal of the US welfare system. It's not supposed to keep you from starving if you don't work. That's why you are limited to three months of food stamps every three years unless you are working.

I do see rent control as directly comparable. Government observes a matrix of incomes and prices determined by self-interest in a market economy. Government determines some are not politically acceptable and modifies them. Now the military pays better than before, NYC rent is cheaper, and low-wage workers are more able to survive. Now people build businesses around contracting for the military, living in NYC, and hiring low-wage workers. If government later changes the payoffs to these activities, it's not the businesses' fault for relying on the prices the government set. Government set those prices to enable those businesses.
The market solves this problem. If China makes things too hard on intl businesses, the businesses will invest to go around China. That’s what the rare Earth mine example shows.

China needs big intl businesses. The Chinese domestic market is not big enough to support their current pace of economic growth, and the government relies on that growth for social stability.
Against Merit
Not just Shabbat:

"Pikuach nefesh ... is the principle in Jewish law that the preservation of human life overrides virtually any other religious rule."
https://www.reddit.com/r/emacs/comments/f2c99b/you_can_play_...
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0074236/technical?ref_=tt_dt_sp...

imdb claims it was shot on 35mm film. It also says "printed film format: 35mm" so there's probably a fairly high quality master out there assuming it still exists. Like you've noticed, the studio often gives whatever copy is handy instead of digging up the highest quality version closest to the source. Heck, in this article they were doing a 4k restore on a movie from the 70s but didn't get a release print until the director mentioned an audio effect was missing.

> it's only watchable in a small format.

By that do you mean 4:3, the almost squarish format? If so, that's how it was shot and how it will likely always be presented.
LOL I take it you’re not a fan of design or marketing by this response? ;)

(Just having fun btw and not meaning to insult/offend)
> laws are created which make it illegal to run unapproved software on the self-driving cars.

Enforcement impossible.
The mass market does not care about repairable hardware or open drivers.

Using niche open SoC will make the device slower and/or more expensive. The mass market cares about price and performance.
BTW, for those who weren't aware, you can have the old Reddit experience by using old.reddit.com in Reddit URLs -- there are browser extensions that will take care of this for you automatically.
> we are able to recognize individuals of other primate species by face at a very early age, but lose this ability soon

I don't know if I buy this. We can recognize individual dogs and cats that we know easily, even reliably distinguishing between very homogeneous looking variants (various golden retrievers that look incredibly similar to one another. I've seen zillions of golden retrievers but would never mistake any of them for my childhood pet.) Why should primates be different than dogs and cats? I suspect it is only because almost nobody has more than passing views of individual primates. I would buy that we cannot easily recognize individual primates that are strangers to us, just as we cannot recognize individual dogs and cats that are strangers to us. Give us half an hour with a primate and I think we'd recognize them just fine.
One big thing allowing NY to keep its legacy system is that you only swipe upon entry but not exit (since all fares are flat rate). Entry into a subway system is uniform but exit is lumpy so RFID systems have to be put into place to get enough people out through a limited set of gates without excessive waiting.

The upgrade to the NYC system is mainly so that it can introduce distance based pricing but nobody is willing to say this bit out loud.
This is an interesting question. It involves carrying a tracker and using it to trigger a sensor. I don't know much about how these rules are interpreted, but that seems like it could run afoul of them.

A closer case would be if there were an elevator that had a camera that recognized every person who approached it who lived in the building, and which took them to the floor they live on.
I'm really excited and grateful. Thank you!
four days ago I commented on a thread about Google & Apple app store domineering by saying that Google seemed at least to be building an alternative-ok os, where players like f-droid could work on almost all devices[1].

really really hoping we are not entering some new capitalist platform control hell, like this article seems to be indicating.

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26965298
> If you keep it framed like that, it's more exciting to have a successful mission & likely to continue to get funding, than if you set high expectations and fail.

This seems to be the more plausible reason. You keep the bar for success low so you keep getting funding for subsequent missions. Isn't that pretty much how every organization with public funding sets goals?
I thought it was "10 Jews, 11 opinions"?

See, we can't even agree on the wording of the expression that describes how much we disagree about things! :P
And the reason we have "dependency hell" in packaging is because software developers never take advantage of this. If applications would use dlopen() with versioning (a real thing that has existed for a while now) to load the specific version of the library they want, we could install 1,000 different versions of a library in our systems today, no problem at all.

For different apps to use different versions of dependencies but still interact with each other, they would need strict rules about how to use interfaces to different versions. You obviously don't want two different programs that use two different versions of a library to talk to one another, because what if version A has a different schema than version B? Unless there was a very specific way to pass along interface information between two programs, so that they could independently handle changes in their interfaces.
oh well in that case i guess we'd better just cut to the chase, expropriate the owners and collectivize
So...executive real estate agent?
Without knowing anything of the religious rules at play here, could you have an elevator that incorporates both? Eg. default is to travel in Sabbath mode but non-religious residents could still use the buttons to override it to a specific floor if they desire? Obviously you still have the increased electrical consumption but you remove the inconvenience of stopping every floor for those who aren’t required to.