skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
2020 has seen record investment in semiconductor manufacturing equipment (+20% to 70 B USD).

https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-trends/article/3129611/us-chi...

In particular in China and South Korea.

I wonder when all this extra capacity translates into more supply?
those guidelines only apply to members of this community. Not an outside article. We should assume all users on hn honour the guidelines. We don't need to assume outside articles do.
Show HN: Checc is a chat app for you and your clients
VHDL/Verilog is a bit like Pascal/C division used to be, with VHDL having more fans in Europe and Verilog on US, and then the respective countries that do business with them.

At least that is how I understand the market division, it might also be that one of them has already won, not sure about that.
To be fair, this is more a Rust Syntax Reference Sheet than any kind of cheat-sheet. It basically has everything.

It's useful to quickly lookup the syntax for something you never use, for example. Or to browse and discover things you didn't know were even possible.
How much would you pay for year of life? (2014)
> I think people are upset because there is a moral, ethical and social obligation expected from academia to not intentionally do shit like this.

OSS security should not rely on ethics and trust. The default assumption should be that malicious actors are using every dirty tactic they can to get their changes accepted, and that someone@something.edu is no more trustworthy than internal.security.agency@china.gov.cn.

Feels like the OSS community got caught with their pants down and is now overreacting.
A simple "+" works as well, as long as "x" is a String, and not a &str.

Also, concatenating strings for any other purpose than printing them is a rarely done thing in my experience, no matter the language. So I don't see why we should optimize the ergonomics of something like that.
Hence GP earnestly calling it a great idea.
U.S. Is Under Pressure to Release Vaccine Supplies as India Faces Deadly Surge
> A good programmer will know how to use all these tools for what they’re best at!

Yeah, I run through valgrind; 9 times out of 10 I don't even get to the point of starting the debugger or recompiling with prints. The remaining 1 time where valgrind output is clean, I go with printing. About half the time the prints aren't enough and then I fire up the debugger.

Also, it depends. I'm working on a legacy C# project where the previous dev read somewhere that passwords shouldn't be stored in plain-text, so when changing the stored DB credentials you have to set a breakpoint where the hash is calculated, change the variable holding the cleartext password to the new password you want to use, step the line that calculates the new hash, copy the text out of the watch window and finally paste that text into the file holding the credentials.

I do not know how this helps. I also don't care enough to write a c/line utility that generates the hash in a base-64 string, becasue we've changed the DB credentials for the webapp only once since he left. We may have changed it more often if we had an easy way to do so :-/
Compiling individual functions was something in Java JITs like 20 years ago, they are a little bit more clever nowadays.
Unlikely to be a concern. We have extremophile bacteria evolve here on Earth, they’re adapted to their specific niches rather than being all-around better.
Love it, but for more context, when was this? How accomplished was he at that time?
In Britain, the rich are richer but the poor far poorer than in Europe
This is amazing!

But there seems to be something missing: error handling. After using Rust on and off for a couple of years, a thing I still don’t understand is how to write idiomatic code which deals with multiple different error types.
Halting the Vast Release of Methane Is Critical for Climate, U.N. Says
Tabla - the Indian percussion instrument (the one usually played by the dominant/right hand) is definitely tuned and often fine-tuned between songs. Professional players often carry a few differently tuned ones to concerts and switches as needed.

Source - learned for several years
Drinking beer before going to bed. Sleep like a baby.
How Not to Run a Vulnerability Disclosure Program
There's a surprising amount of devices postmarketOS supports, even from manufacturers that aren't as modding-friendly as OnePlus. See https://wiki.postmarketos.org/wiki/All_devices

Truly an impressive project!
I sync my .xmind with .md files using homemade python scripts. Lately I went the extra mile to produce reveal.js friendly mds. Very handy. I did not gather enough energy to open source this stuff. But this comment made me realize this pain point I have with Xmind might be more common than I thought.
There is power in the startup/business world also in doing things that aren’t immediately sensible or predictable. Read Rory Sutherland’s ”Alchemy” for learning more.
Ben Fogle recently went on a tour around Chernobyl with a TV crew, including the fateful control room. https://www.channel5.com/show/inside-chernobyl-with-ben-fogl...
This seems to have been supported in nightly for over a year and behind a feature flag even longer but it's still nowhere near ready for GA.

Meanwhile Safari doesn't support it at all.

The stats on caniuse are skewed by Chromium as usual.
Awesome breakdown!
Edit: Sad to see so much value destroyed
> 02010
> 02019

I have no idea what your point is, because I got stuck every time at "why write years like that?".

It even looks like a postcode, in a sentence about city populations and areas.
By the time we’re ready to even try that, we should have already answered the question, at least as far as whichever target you’re trying to colonise is concerned.

(And if you meant space itself, rather than the objects within, could reasonably be described as ‘contaminated’, then panspermia is both very likely how life got started on Earth and a reason to expect it everywhere else too).
Terrorizing inside places designated for high-safety-risk public conveyances of people is a bad thing.

So we now have laws against that.

I must be overlooking things here. Why is that not a good law?
And how is that not making it safer for public conveyances such as roads, highway, freeway, and parkway.
What a great series! Especially impressive to see all the installations and facilities required to process the spent fuel from one temporary facility to the other. And the huge amount of steel and concrete required to do so, for now and decades to come, for a facility that produced it's last usable power how many years ago? Note that this is not related to the disaster, but "happy path" as far as I understand.

From wikipedia:

The three other reactors remained operational after the accident but were eventually shut down by 2000, although the plant remains in the process of decommissioning as of 2021. Nuclear waste clean-up is scheduled for completion in 2065

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant

Before the first few dozen nuclear reactors have been properly decommissioned, within a reasonable timeframe and for a reasonable budget, I think we have absolutely no business building more of them and burdening future generations with them.
This actually makes so much sense to me.

I think i have developed a set of actions, unconsciously, to balance work/fun and rewarding my self.

Whenever i start a new project my gym/workout routine also grows otherwise i feel unmotivated.

Competitive gaming is another reward. It's something i can do every day for 30-40 minutes, feels rewarding, and stabilises my mood.
That was the marketing reason, the official reason was that fitting a GC into a language with C memory model wasn't never going to work, and there were plenty of crashes and memory corruptions coming out of that.

So they made the only sensible decision, and just like Microsoft did with COM, they added support to the Objective-C compiler to automate retain/release messages in OS X Frameworks.

Naturally being Apple, that pivot had to be sold in a way that the reason was being of RC being better and not because of the technical failure to have a tracing GC in Objective-C , while remaining compatible with C memory model.

Apparently, moving the GC document with all its caveats regarding possible programming issues, out of search index also helps to keep the story as well.

https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Co...
Not an answer to your question, but the meta-context is https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26931021 (probably)
"Toggle buttons" are a thing in ARIA: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/A...

Conceptually the summary is a toggle button: you click it to toggle the display state of the details element.
I do mostly not too sophisticated web apps and binary search and minimum edit distance do come up regularly. I agree you don't have to remember the implementation details, but you have to know they exist and which problems they solve.
Yes, https://slides.com from the creator of Reveal.JS. It's insanely productive, you can just drag and drop things, 1-click for animations and ordering and has other features I never seen with any other presentation tool. I was able to create some of my presentations in 10-20 minutes!
Reminds me of this cheat sheet [0] for slices in Go, which includes a snippet to delete an element from a slice:

a = append(a[:i], a[i+1:]...)

[0] https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/SliceTricks
why would somebody use public ranges (even though unused) internally?
That’s why I prefer side hustle “experiments”. If anything looks promising work it a bit further, then perhaps bet a bit more on it (money or time).
1946-7, just after his Manhattan Project work, before his work on quantum electrodynamics.
"The diagrams and the whole business that I got the Nobel Prize for came from that piddling around with the wobbling plate."

This shows the extreme importance of blue sky thinking and allowing people to follow their whims sometimes rather than not starting something unless it fits into existing research goals and funding. This breakthrough all lead from an observation that had no apparent use beyond fulfilling a whim and to have fun with it.

I try to live my life by the ludic principle of 'playing'. It's honestly been the lifeblood that's fueled me, kept me sane at work and allowed me to do OK in my career. All of my best ideas at work and in things like making music came from this spirit I'm convinced.
What's your suggestions on how oss maintainers can fend off state actor attacks? Always need two people to sign off on a patch?

I strongly agree that supply chain attack is a huge deal and worse attacks will come to light eventually but what should be done at the level of oss maintainers?

Like you said, I feel like Open source projects by random solo maintainers that the security of almost everyone on the internet relies on... can't do a lot of things.
Both this guy, and the researchers themselves (in their article), suggests that the kernel adds "don't submit know-bad patches" to their code of conduct.

So it's sort of hard to take them seriously as human beings, and not just caricatures.
> If we don't somehow make it socially acceptable to let any security researchers conduct the required social engineering to test supply chain attack susceptibility of OSS maintainers without tipping them off in advance, dangerous state actors -will- continue to do it and -not- tell anyone when they are successful.

What's the result of that? Lots of known bad patches being sent in, wasting everyone's time, because now every researcher finds "do they spot my intentional bugs" as an easy way to get something published?

There's no reason why you can't run these studies with their consent. Ask the maintainers. "But it will tip them off", yeah, in a "they would be aware that somebody might send faulty code at some point in the future" kind of way, which they certainly already are. To get consent, you don't need to tell them exactly when you will be sending it, who will be sending it, or what exactly it would be.

If it did put them into permanent hyper-vigilance mode, then ... goal achieved?
The paradigmatic example of a DP algorithm for me is the simple DP solution of the 0-1 knapsack problem, which, although because of NP-hardness of the general case, becomes infeasible on many easily constructed cases, actually performs pretty well on many non-artificial examples.

It's an example of what the article calls bottom-up dynamic programming, but I think it is a poor example of divide-and-conquer, because it naturally fits the following purely functional form:

h(foldr f a weights)

where weights is the problem, expressed as a list of (item, weight) pairs, and f, h and a are subfunctions. This is a pretty paradigmatic non-divide-and-conquer form in functional programming: it's a one-at-a-time iteration through the list expressing the problem

So while I think this is good article with plenty of food for thought, I reject the central claim.
Mars’ magnetosphere is something we could fix with known tech if we cared to. Expensive, but we could.

Lack of water, low atmosphere, they’re a bit further out of our range.

Fixing the lower level of sunlight is way out of our current league.
This is a story of interplay between science/scientists, business/business people, and politics and politicians.

Look how Hermann Scheer, ridiculed as "the pope of solar energy" by his opponents here in germany, described his intentions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GokiQDQHp0

He was the originator of the german renewable energy act: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Renewable_Energy_Source... that forced power utilities to pay for solar energy produced by people owning solar panels at a specific and slowly decreasing price. His efforts led to the the creation of a market for solar energy systems in Germany.
The original source article https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/kamerleden-spra... has some interesting remarks. Because there are no video recordings its very hard to investigate this situation. The article also asks the question if it was: just an actor, a deepfake or an actor with general video altering software and that there is no way of knowing without the source material.

An other video in the personal time of the Dutch Prime minister https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2021/04/23/door-schrijver-gepublic... (disable JS for no paywall) there was a similar situation. Many people thought it was a deepfake or that the voice was altered or copied from an other video but later the government put out an statement that the video was real.

I wanted to share this because I saw multiple people claim that PGP may solve all problems but the problem is both ways. Real videos are also being labeled as deepfakes. So yes PGP will help solve a part of the problem but there is a bigger trust issue that needs to be solved.
Sure, their option is not to install another appstore in the first place.
https://blog.longnow.org/02013/12/31/long-now-years-five-dig...
They should start with large parking lots in the southwest. The installation will be predictable and it would provide valuable shade for parked cars.
Actually no, many OSes do have APIs to validate pointer integrity.

But even then, most experienced C programmers don't care about using them anyway, that is why Apple, Oracle, Microsoft, ARM, Google, Cambridge university are all leading efforts for hardware memory tagging.

So it won't matter how much they care, as the OS will kill their beloved application when pointers get misused.

A scenario already made reality in platforms like Solaris SPARC.
Thanks. One of the best cheatsheets I have even seen.
My experience of GKH's work isn't generally very favourable; but my estination of him has been increased by this repair. He's created work for himself, but it needed doing. Credit where it's due.
But with an (NOT NULL) enum/integer/string or however you are representing it, every state is a regular case. Not a special case. Null nearly always needs some special treatment.
It is a tautology.
Heat water with it during the day, if you live in colder climate you can use it for heating as well, but that would mean of course having proper radiator system installed.
So your basic argument is: chomsky is using the scientific method, you don't believe in science, therefore chomsky is wrong?
Don't forget the impact a good sound person has. My best experiences have usually been small indoor shows with a passionate local sound guy that knows the venues well.
The author is using the ipad and mac in specific ways and assumes everyone else is doing the same.

They seem to be using the ipad for single focus tasks and the mac for multitasking.

iPadOS has been getting improved multitasking support for a while now. You can have two apps open at the same time (which yes you can resize) and also temporarily swipe in additional ones when you need them and pretty legit mouse and keyboard support.

In a similar fashion the mac has pretty ok single task support by allowing you to put apps in fullscreen mode and if you just want something a bit more flexible split your fullscreen between just two apps.

At the end of the day it all comes down to options. Yes I would like the option to run xcode on the ipad and also have multiwindow and multiuser support but that doesn’t mean I’d have to use it.
A mouthpiece for stopping the snoring. The mouthpiece holds the tongue down and makes sure there is good airflow. The difference in sleep quality is quite significant and it makes a huge difference to my day.

For reference, my mouthpiece cost me around 750 Euros (In 2016) and it was bought in the Netherlands from https://www.snurken.org/

Joe Rogan was talking about it in one of his podcasts too.
This comment shows why for example: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26927455
> Are you proposing that we all just pretend

No.

> The cycle will end by itself in time through a series of under-corrections, but it’s not going to happen overnight.

Perhaps, but that’s not what the reality is at the moment. At the moment, there are what amounts to large corrective movements, which some argue to be over-corrective, and others who argue that anyone who is against any large amount of correction must be arguing against any correction at all.

> comments like yours that undermine attribution of women

Clearly you are part of the last of the aforementions groups.
Dual cryptographic sign off is exactly what I recommend and have been prototyping tools to make this easier: https://github.com/distrust-foundation/sig
If anyone here lives in London I highly recommend the London Wherewolf group (find it on MeetUp). Spent two years playing it with those guys and it was always a good laugh. They play a modified game that’s a lot more complex than the traditional game.
Enums?
I have a hard time imagining getting any useful (maybe I could review PRs?) work done on a smartphone, also my company didn't give me one and both they and I have a strict policy of not mixing personal and work devices.
2 years should be enough from what I've read.
This article is a bit misguided, and contains multiple fundamental missunderstandings, first no history:

You need to know the mess that was SOAP before you go into REST, like you need to know about XML before you criticize JSON.

JSON is not a good place to put anything but data, to specify an API with a meta language has been disproven by SOAP already.

My approach to end all API fragmentation is to simply use JSON over HTTP with minimalism!

I do not conform to REST, but instead exclusively use GET and POST and return 200 everywhere and handle everything manually from there.

I also make HTML forms to all API entrypoints so you can test and learn how the API works by browsing and viewing source.

http://root.rupy.se
Composition, not compilation
Let's have a bet:

The commission / board that approved this experiment will never suffer any consequences.

And IMO they are just as guilty. They didn't do their job well.
a) nobody really knows the chances of abiogenesis or in-system panspermia yet.

b) we’re still guessing at bio-signatures; all we are confident of is there isn’t “a lot of stuff like us”, but that’s a compound claim and we can’t rule out “a small quantity of stuff like us” or “as much life as a desert but very different to us”.
Can confirm was taught vhdl in my robotics master's degree this year, studying in Europe
Communicating the potential benefits and harms of the Astra-Zeneca Covid vaccine
How big of a milestone is self-hosting for a language?
I really wish HN had the black bar linked to an obituary or an article about the person (or some other method of distinguishing who it is for). It isn't always obvious who is being recognized or memorialized. Getting the black bar isn't that common
String concatenation is an antipattern in general. Making it too convenient is not a great idea anyways.
Looks great, bookmarked.

A big problem with explaining/learning this area is the name. Names are important but unfortunately the name "dynamic programming" is, according to the people responsible for choosing the name, just BS that they made up one day for their employer.
Physical activity.
Yes, but it’s not helpful for research.
If there wasn't tons of videos o f protestor being assholes for the "cause" i.e. blocking neighborhood roads to people living there or attacking people in cars then 100% there ought to be some law protecting those drivers.

Running people over? I highly doubt that's the intent of said law.
Seems you got down-voted. I guess you're doing competitive programming? People that are good at CP never call "recursion with memoization" as "divide and conquer". Yeah, they just call it recursion.

"Divide and conquer" in CP world seems to be specific to those problems whose subproblems are not overlapping (therefore completely "divided"), e.g. merge sort, segment trees.

Considering the classic problem "Tower of Hanoi", is it "divide and conquer"? No to CP people, and even Wikipedia [0] does not explicitly regard it as "divide and conquer".

[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Hanoi
The interiors are reminiscent of the Black Mesa Research Facility. Undoubtedly a resonance cascade is less preferable to a meltdown, though neither are good for human lifespans.
For a moment I was very confused since I remembered hyperscript being this and existing for a longer time: https://github.com/hyperhype/hyperscript

Hopefully you are already aware of the name clash.

I am definitely interested in your hypescript more than the old one but the name clash is unfortunate.
I miss Mafia. I used to play it in high school on some math camps, then during my first year of undergraduate. Later - not so much. I would love to participate in a conference and "being killed by Mafia".

I loved the game so much that my Bachelor's thesis was "A mathematical model of the Mafia game" (took some time to find a professor willing to accept such an unusual topic).

https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.1031

Funny fact: you get PI/2 ratio for winning chances ratio depending if the number of players is odd or even.
I read (listened to, technically) this book a few weeks ago because I've always been inspired by the idea of Feynman and didn't know much about him. Honestly, I actually like him less after having read it.

As I guess I should have expected, because its subtitle is "Adventures of a Curious Character", it's unfortunately for me filled with many more random personal anecdotes, often involving naked women, prostitutes, gambling, or topless bars. There are some rather more scientific and aspirational anecdotes like the one linked here, and certainly it's beneficial to learn about a man as a whole and not deify him as a scientific god. However I cracked it open hoping to read about nothing but neat ideas he had and what drove him, not read about some rather shameless guy's strange happenings.

I guess I wouldn't say I recommend against reading it, but I wouldn't get your hopes up before doing so like I did.