skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> The vast majority IPv4 traffic does not have the DNF bit set.

I don't think that's correct. Windows, Linux (including Android), FreeBSD, macOs and (Apple) iOS all default to sending Don't Frag. Together, they form the overwhelming majority of IPv4 traffic.

Nobody actually wants fragments, and very few fragments are seen in regular activity. When I ran high traffic servers, I would normally see a few fragments a minute per server, except for when we were under a chargen reflection DDoS attack; Microsoft Services for Unix sends back a hunormous UDP reply which is of course fragmented, and that caused some trouble with fragment reassembly buffers (dropping the buffer size to the minimum solved that, although during a DDoS the couple of people sending fragments would have a bad time; can't win them all).

I think sometimes there's fragments in large UDP DNS replies; but it's generally best to avoid large UDP DNS replies because they often get dropped by poor decisions in network design and software, and there's probably a better way to do what you need to do.

Stacks could use MSS and fragment size to do something cool, but they don't; in part, because nobody sends fragments anymore, and in part, because there's a lot of other cool stuff to do so path MTU gets left behind in a lot of places, like Android. :(

Edit to add:

> At that point it pretty much amounts to "send a message in a raw IP header to the destination rather than a message in an IP+ICMP header to the source".

The thing is, we know that the router that's in a position to truncate the packet can probably get a packet to the destination (otherwise, it wouldn't have this packet). We don't have anything to indicate that it can get a packet to the source; and it turns out that often it can't. An in-band indication would be so much more useful than an out of band (which doesn't work), or fragmentation (which people don't want). Yes, the indication goes to the wrong party, the destination will get the information, but the source needs it; but most interactions on IPv4 are two way, so presumably the destination can tell the source that it needs to send smaller packets, again in-band with the communication it already has, that presumably works.
I wonder if this is true for all animals - I've heard that dogs have a "slippery" genome where genetic changes are more likely.

I also wonder if there is a lower rate of fertility and a lower rate of fetal survival; is there literally "survivorship bias" here.
One interesting idea is to have a corporate "death penalty", although that wouldn't necessarily work here as well because it's not a private corporation.
Same as in any other area, assume malaria isn't killing babies and do the math. Your question sounds rhetorical but is too simple to answer, so I'm confused.
It was the first Linux distro I ever used, back when I was a kid and had never used a Unix command line before. :)

Eventually my dad replaced it with a similar distro called Xandros, and that got me hooked on Amarok 1.3, which Xandros had rebranded on their distro. Amarok was then a killer app for me, and got me into Linux as a hobby when I was a teenager.
IMO if someone wants to shut down distribution of DRM media, then they should grant users blanket license to own a single copy in whatever format they wish.

If that means they are protected from legal recourse for obtaining a single pirated copy, that works.

Else, they have to do the work to distribute DRM free copies until every user has one, since they changed the terms of ownership.
Something that this article doesn't address is that "uprootedness" is not new. Some cultures have been conquered, then conquered again, to the point where "whose god are we worshiping this particular century?" might have even been a valid question. Other cultures have relocated entirely, enough so that there is a Wikipedia article called "List of diasporas".

These cultures have been uprooted, but still have a common, shared identity, which seems to qualify rootedness. Otherwise we'd not have Russians, Ukrainians, Kazakhs, and Uzbeks, but some single, post-USSR identity, those demonyms having failed to have any official meaning for 3+ generations.

I _do_ think, on the other hand, that modernity has led others to question more about what's around them. Others have latched onto the resulting uncertainty and fed those questioning half-truths and outright lies, definitely, but this to me doesn't qualify as uprootedness.
DSP = digital signal processing?

I had to google it. Despite being a musician and programmer for decades, I don't remember ever seeing that acronym before!
What counts as human levels of cognition/awareness? There are many birds that would rank higher thank human toddlers on the cognitive and awareness scale.
I like this. And I like that it's kind of ranked. But I'd love a more quantitative ranking.

This seems kinda awful but the reality is that I have a budget of resources.

Which disabilities do I focus on for the largest benefit to the most people?

I think an ordered listing would be useful. If you support disability X you are supporting Y more users. And I can pick as many as my budget fits.
> 'speedballs' and exertion from resisting arrest (...)

Does that "exertion" include a grown man kneeling on your neck while you repeatedly and desperately tell him that the knee on his neck is stopping him from breeding?

Because, even taking that claim at face value, it's pretty clear that removing the risk factor of having a grown police officer kneeling on your back and neck in a way that's stopping you from breeding would be something that did wonders to your ability to continue breeding and not die.

Enough with this bullshit whitewashing of a brutal police murder.
I don't think the Google case is relevant here, but I definitely think how modern copyright works is really problematic for transformative works like this, fanfiction, (elaborate) reaction videos, etc. Reusing and rehashing creative works is nothing new, but the modern legal customs around copyright really hinders this kind of progress in the arts.

The fundamental problem is likely because of issues with the arts under capitalism. Because authors need people to purchase their particular works to make money, royalties by necessity need to be paid and lines need to be drawn over what is "original" or not. This is not the only system that can fund the arts; there is state funding, patron style funding, etc. where authors are not paid on the basis of each individual work, but the collective impact of their works.
Show HN: The first companionship O.S for SaaS Founders
I think the author would explain best. Personally, I'm working on casting live earth shadows on a tiled map (link in HN profile) and lack an off-the-shelf tile set that contains all the data I need and in some cases the available tiles I use contain more data than I want. Also, the tiles cost $$$ for each tile load.

So long-term I am looking into generating and hosting my own map tiles.
> so many people claim ...

No they don’t. You created that monster in your mind. And you breathe life into it by telling the world it exists. What difference is there then, between that monster, and you.
I could nitpick some things, but by stating in no uncertain terms you don't agree with a blanket ban we mostly are in agreement. So just a bit confused now

>Yes, it's basically a recruiting agency, but it's also a place to practice red team skills

I've never used Hacker Rank, but the Wikipedia page does not make it seem like that's one of the focuses of the site. It says it "focuses on competitive programming challenges for both consumers and businesses, where developers compete by trying to program according to provided specifications." Which may explain much of our misunderstanding, I would not assume a member of the service was engaging in "hacking" at all.

I've somewhat wondered if there's a second Hacker Rank, but the first page of search results showed nothing.

> but I think you should ask more questions before jumping into the many assumptions you've made

Your first reply to me said "those people are pawns though, not curious hackers," I didn't think it was an assumption to think you actually thought that.
This is correct [1].

> Why the difference in price between Deluxe Individual Kits and Classroom Kits?

>Our mission is to bring bring affordable scientific tools to everyone (not just communities who have the resources - but everyone). For any of this to be possible, our business model balances our cost of operations with offering extremely low-cost (low-profit) products.

>We find this balance through a pricing structure that operates on a 2-tier system: high price point kits for individual Foldscopes (Deluxe Individual Kits), and low price point kits for bulk Foldscopes (Classroom Kits).

>We arrived at this pricing structure for many reasons, but primarily because the reality of fulfillment and shipping means we cannot ship a single Foldscope that costs roughly $1 in parts to produce at a $1 dollar price while being sustainable. Overall, we make a profit only from our high price point kits, this profit allows for us to exist and produce any microscopes at all, and this profit also subsidizes our low price point kits (which we do not profit off of), in which offer Foldscopes for as inexpensive as $1.75 each!

[1] https://www.foldscope.com/faq
> Our government could have paid people to stop working and stay home,

Right, what would everyone eat then?! Ephemeral bits and bytes stored in digital wallets?

It is quite an achievement of capitalism that it produces such surplus that people like this can live a luxurious life.
Would this be a one and done vaccine or is it something that needs a booster every few years like tetanus?
Does the US even need the AZ vaccine? Just took a look at https://www.vaccinateca.com/ and there are lots of open slots for appointments. Got a shot yesterday with a next day appointment at a super site and they mentioned things are slowing down. We should give them to our neighbors. Or allow J&J vaccine to be available for people visiting the US.
For posterity, original title of this was "Googling is one of the most important skills for every developer"
I imagine Sbarro, Orange Julius, Aunt Annies, etc, are probably also struggling.
Make the home audience cheer for home team penalties and boo for opponent penalties and measure the outcomes maybe?
> Malls need to improve along a number of dimensions. Better dining, easier transportation or integration into live / work / play mixed use, and addition of grocery stores would make them better than Amazon.

That's because no one implemented the original vision of the mall, at least in the US.

http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_eye/2015/05/07/victor_gruen_t...

"He imagined designing an environment full of greenery and shops: an indoor plaza that could be an island of connection in the middle of the sprawl, one that would get people out of their cars in order to walk and stroll within them. He saw his structure as an architectural panacea—it would remedy environmental, commercial, and sociological problems with the creation of a single building. Gruen presented his a solution for America: the shopping mall.

Gruen’s full vision for the mall was more than just shops. He imagined them as mixed-use facilities, with apartments, offices, medical centers, child care facilities, libraries, and (since it was the 1950s) bomb shelters. He wrote theoretical sketches of shopping malls long before he ever built one, but for a long time, none of his ideas came to fruition. Then in 1952, the owner of Dayton Company commissioned him to build the very first fully enclosed, climate-controlled shopping center. It would be in Edina, Minnesota."

Of course, if everything was enclosed instead of open air as envisioned, it would have been a pandemic nightmare
1996, Jose Cibelli implanted his own DNA into a cow egg, then let it divide into 32 chimeric stem cells before destroying it. I heard about the news in 1998 and was blown away by how little anyone seemed to care.

https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/12/us/researchers-claim-embr...
It strikes me as extremely odd to call this a "discovery". The vaccine was very specifically designed to work in exactly its unique mode to be effective against one species of pathogen. We might equally well talk about SpaceX Starship being "discovered".

To me, it is invented, constructed, engineered, or created. What has been discovered?
Companies generally don’t apply for FDA authorization unless they’re confident they’ll pass. From my limited experience in the bio/med industry companies are usually in contact with the FDA and it’s a really bad look if you get a rejection.
Epiousios: The Mysterious Greek Word in the Lord’s Prayer
It’s funny because anecdotally both malls near me are busier than I have ever seen them currently.
Even taking the data least charitable to my postulate, a study[1] (which there are issues with that I will not mention) using a sample of 63 million medical records found a reinfection rate of 0.48% compared to 2.2% infection rate for the previously uninfected.

This study therefore estimated protection against reinfection was 78.8%.

That's higher than the 72% efficacy offered by the J&J vaccine.

[1]https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-03/l-tls031821....
If it wasn't for the dash in the url I would have assumed and hoped for an early adopter liquidity farming experience
In most places (in the US), riding a bicycle on the road is not very safe though. Even worst then motorcycles.

Anyone who doesn't agree with this is probably riding a car or a truck and never rode a bicycle or motorcycle on the streets.
Yes, but that isn't distributing copylefted code. If it were, the GPL and the AGPL would be the same licence.
Thats a weird argument. "Lets not give the medicine that might help as that might also encourage mutations." --> basically you are saying let's deny it to the many dying today in order to ensure the few (that can afford it) can still use it in the future. A deeply immoral and selfish perspective if spelled out this way.

The only solution then is rapid and large-scale intervention. Massive use of the most effective/least side-effect variety of drug for all at risk populations for 3(?) months, then bring in the alternatives and quickly and widely ensure their use in those areas where resistant strains still spread.
It’s Going to Be Weird, but We Need to Learn to Live with Germs Again
> If you're from California or New York, I'm sure $40K starting for this or a Model Y seems complexly within your means

Keep in mind that being in CA also means quite a bit of your income goes to housing for a lot of people. It's pretty common to be house poor in California. I know I'm sure not looking to add more than absolutely necessary to my monthly payments.
The only issue I have is most of them require the destruction of the book by removing the pages. Many of mine are very rare and collectible now costing hundreds of dollars so it would be a crime to damage them.

Do you know of services that can do this without damage?
In addition to the anecdotes provided by the others, studies are finding a positive health benefit as well. Here's a couple of examples.

https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-017...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22005715/
I keep seeing an Intel ad on Twitter that is a picture of a MacBook Pro and says "Can this computer turn into a tablet? Hint: no"

It honestly just feels desperate to me.
See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiousios
If more high-value projects adopt the AGPL, legal departments may be motivated to revisit those bans.
Funny to note that cops in Bavaria drove BMW's and the ones in Lower Saxony drove VW's.
> driven by soccer moms

I’d really like to get away from this phrase.

Some of the most avid off-roading Jeepers I know are women. And mothers. And for all I know they take their kids to soccer.

“Soccer moms” is a terrible phrase.
How to get Faster Internet speed when you change a simple setting
Linspire was after they were forced rename. So many good memories. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSdRTOh2jeA
FDA, CDC lift pause on J&J Covid vaccinations
Looked self-contained to me.
I understand that the virus is causing substantially more deaths than usual, but that's not saying much for the vast majority of us. We've solved most causes of early death so very few people as a percentage of our population will die in any give year. Therefore something like this virus can show up on the leaderboards without actually biologically destroying our society, or even getting close to it. The average American had a mere 10% increased risk of death last year and the average American had a negligible risk of death to start with. Plus, the average American is overweight, and if you just managed to not be overweight, the additional risk factor falls well below 10%. That's not a valid reason to shut down most social aspects of our society when we are extremely socially dependent animals. If aliens had humans in a human zoo, they might consider it inhumane to separate us from each other for so long.
Sheriffs and State Troopers ???.
Fun fact: BMW bikes share some of their parts with the cars. For example, the starter relay for a GS is also the fan relay for a 5 series.
>I’ll say it again: Python is a bad programming language, and the only reason it’s so popular today is because Google pushed it so hard in the first decade of the 2000s.

Wrong and wrong. Well, the first is at least something one can discuss (though wrong).

The latter is straight-up BS. Google never pushed Python, much less hard.

And the fact that Google uses Python (along with Java, C++, and Go) doesn't mean it pushed it in any way to the masses. Guido working there did nothing for Python either.

Python was already on its way up before Google was a thing (slowly ovetaking Perl), and was further pushed with Scientific Computing, Data Science and ML -- all of which have nothing to do with Google. It was also popular for ops and admin scripts (and the backend for many of RedHats distro utilities), and has always been a good choice for a web backend.

In any case, this is so badly written, it appears like it's someone that doesn't know the history of the last 2 decades of the developer landscape (but wants to opine on it), hasn't bothered to do basic research, doesn't understanding basic PL pragmatics or language adoption, and has typical religious strong opinions ("dynamic typing is bad" - does that mean Smalltalk, Lisp, Self, and other such languages are also bad?
doesn’t each side call it’s own expert witnesses? and cross-examine the other sides expert witnesses? Doesn’t seem like it would be hard for the defense’s expert witness to show the possibility of bugs?
I like the use of "not" because it stands out more clearly than "!". "if (not (x and y))" seems more readable to me than "if (! (x && y))".
We sort of know what to expect with powertrain longevity on used vehicles, but I'm not sure we know the same for electric vehicles just yet.

Consider: I had my last car purchase (which I knew would be used) between a BMW 4 Series, a VW Golf R, and a Subaru STI. I went with the 4 Series. The Golf R and STI are often used as track cars, and 40k miles on a Golf R may very well be the equivalent of 100k miles on a regular Golf.

I admit this is a very specific use case, but there are other specific use cases (e.g. police car - probably spent 80% of its engine's life idling and not racking up miles) that we know to look for, that we simply don't know to look for in the EV market, because they haven't presented themselves yet.
This is why you should avoid using online password managers. It is much safer to keep your passwords offline and encrypted.
What issues have you run into with gzipped tiles? I store a lot of gzipped individual tiles for use in Mapbox GL maps on S3 with no problem - the only necessary change was making sure that S3 was emitting `content-encoding` headers.
> It will be very hard to kill SLS even with SpaceX able to provide launch capacity at <0.3% of the price.

I think dearMoon is the thing that's going to kill SLS/Orion. Once private astronauts have safely done an Apollo 8 / Artemis II type mission using Starship all the way there and back, it is going to be hard to say "no" to NASA using it for their astronauts too.

SpaceX will probably even do a private lunar surface mission. I think they'll let NASA go first because they don't want to steal NASA's thunder–they might change their mind about that if NASA is hopelessly delayed, but I think that's unlikely since SLS/Orion are close to finished and the biggest risk to Artemis III timelines is now Starship not SLS/Orion. Once SpaceX does a private mission for significantly less than what NASA is paying, it is going to be very hard for NASA/Congress to justify continuing to pay for SLS/Orion.
I've considered building systems that would speculatively run builds using forward projections of all pending pull requests, as well as run multiple parallel scenarios on merge order + rebase such that merge conflicts are minimized. Maybe sprinkle in some monte carlo if the numbers get a little intense.

In practice, I feel it is much easier to assign work and organize your codebase so that logically-different business functions can be managed in isolation.

We rarely have merge conflicts these days, and we are also on 1 big monorepo. It mostly boils down to discipline and architecture.
My mother repairs typewriters in her free time and writes a blog about it [1]. There's actually a pretty vibrant community of typewriter enthusiasts who repair their own typewriters.

[1] https://myoldtypewriter.com/
I think US merchants don't support them to avoid 1) fees, and 2) properly reporting income tax. I doubt it has to do with transaction speed in most cases.
not me, I tune into the news. I can understand why others want to tune out, but its not for everyone.
Zeynep Tufekci clears this up;

Before this gets out of hand. "Distance doesn't matter" IS NOT what "it's airborne" or primarily aerosol-transmitted means or implies, and the headline is not reflecting correctly a modeling paper they are using says.

What's true is that in a "well-mixed" room (VERY IMPORTANT ASSUMPTION IN THE MODEL IN THAT PAPER BEING REPORTED ON), if you spend long enough time, distance isn't completely protective which IS NOT AT ALL THE same as "distance doesn't matter" or that 6 and 60 feet are the same.

Perhaps the most important misunderstanding has been assuming aerosols=long distance only. No, they do not teleport from a person to over two feet away a la "beam it over there, Scotty." Aerosols ALSO concentrate around the person and dilute with distance.

https://twitter.com/zeynep/status/1385707216280375298
Sadly many of the books I buy are quite rare, and getting a destructive scan would be a crime against humanity.

One could argue it is ethical, if not legal, to obtain a drm-free digital backup from a pirate site if one has a physical copy on their shelf.
hehe nice. Yes, FICS is for life. Oh, you didn't use a client?! Mainly I used BabasChess (Windows), which was awesome, I've still never had such a good chess game seeking and playing experience on any site.
We have a BMW i3, and being designed as an electric vehicle has its advantages. Not having a center console blocking the way between the front seats has been very convenient at many occasions, for example.

Not saying the i3 is the ideal electric vehicle, but I strongly believe a full-electric vehicle designed as one from the ground up will be better than a electric retrofit.
Does Philadelphia have a soccer team?
You are correct. This very entertaining 11 minute video from Fortnine (still one of the best channels on YouTube) does a great job explaining exactly how HD wound up where they are today: https://youtu.be/EOwxxsPaogY
Sounds like we have a ways to go yet before it makes sense to not bother further. I was assuming uniform pixel density, because I didn’t know any better. Cool to think of an efficient retinal projector putting the light right where it’s most useful.