skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Shell money began as commodity money according to most sources- shells were inherently valuable because of body ornamentation as you mention (similar to how gold was useful to easily work into soft metal jewelry).

If Chucky cheese tokens are money at all, they are “representative money” because they can be readily exchanged for various commodities by the issuer (the prizes and games).

A central authorities decree is not required for money to be fiat, it just simply can’t have intrinsic uses like commodity money or be directly redeemable for commodities like representative money. It has value purely because we have confidence it will have value in the future - and historically the most reliable way to do that is by government decree, but it could also be by a mass consensus that a particular crypto coin will still be used in the future.
BTC at times has had less than 50% of the total market value, so if it is now 2/3, then the rest of the market has lost ground, the opposite of catching up
One means to keep functioning while sleep deprived is to eat more. I don't think it's really poor impulse control per se. It's a coping mechanism, sort of like the body shunting waste gas through the kidneys at high altitude because you can't offload them all via breathing out and they have to go somewhere, but that's not really the optimal way to do that and it has knock on effects because urinating to remove them also drags salt and other stuff with it, thus the need to drink more and get more electrolytes at altitude. (Edit: implicitly, weight gain us the equivalent knock on effect for eating more while sleep deprived.)
> the python library to push image data right to the display's frame buffer

How are you doing this? It looks like you’re pushing it to their cloud service (or your local docker copy, if configured as such)
> does not exactly make me feel like being invited to a fun movement

I heard Ethereum has a GREAT community, they even do synchronized dances in Unicorn outfits! Also they are moving towards PoS, so it won't boil the oceans like BTC.

You should really look into it! People from SV/HN find it much friendlier than the toxicity in the BTC community.
The problem with that is you don't know how willing the next generation is willing to continue carrying out the mission.
Legendary Investor Warns Bitcoin Ban ‘Likely’ as Price Suddenly Soars to 60k
This is just theoretical.
Pure speculation, but does this impose an upper limit on the complexity of music you can play? Personally I cannot fathom someone play Liszt complete my by ear.
Caffeine, at least in large doses, is somewhat stressful on the heart by itself. It increases respiration and blood pressure and heart rate. A strong cup of coffee can give me minor palpitations.
Bitcoin is more of ash rather than a battery in this analogy.

I like bitcoin (the idea, not the burning of the planet, even though it's only a temporary hack to bootstrap the whole thing). And hey, maybe it will encourage building nuclear mining farms, that will give their owners free bitcoin, and then we can use the nuclear plants.

The only defense I can stomach for Bitcoin's unfathomable energy consumption is that it might be only temporary. Is it worth it? So far, not that much, but I think developed-countries under-estimate the value of bitcoin, since they have more stable economies, and thus currencies, and enjoy freedom of moving their money, and data privacy...
Whoever sells generators in an outage definitely will accept your bitcoin pre/post conversion.
How Can I Save $100 on an Endy Mattress?
For it to be "obviously false" you seem to be assuming that the comparison in energy use should be between the Bitcoin network (miners and all) and bank infrastructure ("a few database servers per bank" plus "people operating phones ... and other things"), whereas I think that the OP (and others) believe the comparison should be between Bitcoin-the-currency (still miners and all) and USD-the-currency (many dependencies!).

That's much harder to cost and argue which is why I'd like to see a serious analysis on this

I realise that using the phrase "the banking system", as the quote does, makes it ambiguous.
> I just think the FSF (and opensource as a whole) would be more successful with someone other than RMS as the figurehead.

I appreciate the moderation you show in your comment. That's why I'm going to answer that here rather than on a less thoughtful comment: free software and open source are not the same. Open source is a movement that today is trying to increase rentability and profits via information and code sharing. The rules that apply make it completely straightforward for a company to share only the part of code that they feel won't diminish profits, or even will increase them.

On the other hand, free software is a militant movement and ideology that is seeking to destroy a large part of the proprietary software that exists. While you would expect an open source proponent to shower, and even wear a tie, because he has to be entreprise friendly, the same codes don't necessarily apply to militantism. Going further, what you seek as the figurehead of some kind of consensual vision of open source will probably not be the same as for a militant organization.

I'm of course exaggerating a bit, but this is at the core of a lot of misguided arguments I see here and there. RMS is basically being accused of being shocking in his viewpoints and in who he is. Well, the very idea of free software was extremely shocking 30 years ago, so maybe it's no coincidence. I'm not condoning all he did or all he said, but I certainly wouldn't like some watered down open source ideologist as the head of the FSF, which has so far been a necessary uncompromising force in the ideological landscape of open source software.
The concept of inflation was created in the 1500s with the discovery of gold in the Americas.
Comparing Bitcoin to a pyramid scheme is a low IQ take, even for HN.

Please do like the OP and make better FUD so we can clown you in the comments further. Also, Bitcoin is a net-positive for the environment no matter how "mean" people like me are to you. Run the numbers
No, you're misunderstanding what the term 'integrity' means.

The notion goes far beyond narrow views of 'scientific reasoning'.

Integrity, far from 'unscalable', is an essential factor in the functioning of civil society and probably the #1 predictor of a successful ongoing civilization.

The difference between a rich and poor country is sometimes 'natural resources' but more often than not highly organized social order based around institutions and systems with integrity. In everything from 'Sushi Chef' to 'Parenting' to 'Early Childhood Education' to 'DMV' to 'Drug Regulation' and 'Accounting Principles'.
It's funny to me that deflation being bad is an orthodoxy despite the paucity of evidence for this. Can you point to a deflationary episode that was harmful? Japan had the "lost decade" of slow growth, but is slow growth bad? Is the absence of conspicuous consumption lamentable? In comparison, people starve and flee, and societies collapse under episodes of hyperinflation.

The classic example of functional deflation is in technology: computers have been under substantial deflationary pressure from the increase in performance year over year, yet people still have bought computers, and the industry has still prospered despite this.

Likewise, civilization was largely built on hard money economies, and prospered, despite the difficulty of debasing within them. It has largely fallen under soft money conditions, as in the the Weimar Republic, or the debasement of the late Roman Empire.

Note that this "deflation is bad" orthodoxy is propagated by the same economic regime that embraces inflation as beneficial, and profits from the printing of money.
Recordings are the 'binary' form of music, sheetmusic is the source code and you are much freer to interpret that sourcecode than the binary form, which can only be listened to, it is as if all the meta information got flattened and there are only two layers of data left. (Assuming stereo...).

Things like pedal markings, subtle timing hints and so on are given to the interpreter as a way to encode the composers expression, a recording can have errors in it and will lose a lot of those markings. Even 'note release' can be very hard to pull out of a recording (heck, even 'note struck' can be hard).
Actual batteries would be a better choice than consuming the energy at the time it is created. Investing in better transmission infrastructure would increase this benefit.
Nah, it will be taken into use. Just like 3G and 4G was. Though true visibility for end user when everyone is using it probably isn't that special.
>15 men participated in the study

This is no where near the number of participants that would be needed to make such a broad claim
I’m quite sure you’re mistaken as studied animals (usually rodents) do not behave the same as humans; and ultimately if our metabolic system becomes unbalanced then our body is suffering and will certainly attempt to overcompensate or risk damaging itself.

It matters very little if we burn fat faster, though I doubt it; it matters what the outcome is. In this case it does appear that people get fatter.

> More than two dozen epidemiological studies from around the globe looking at sleep deprivation and BMI in humans have shown association between decreased obesity and an increase in sleep duration.

> Data regarding impact of sleep deprivation on weight loss is conflicting in animals and humans. Sleep deprivation in rodent models causes weight loss despite hyperphagia [63–68]. These differences in rodents and humans may be explained by increased brown fat in rodents (rarely present in adult humans), which is metabolically more active and has been shown to increase thermogenesis and total energy expenditure [67]. In conclusion, epidemiological data is suggestive of weight gain with sleep deprivation though a few studies have also noted weight gain with prolonged sleep. Based on data on sleep duration and weight, sleep hygiene counseling could form an important tool in management of obesity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2929498/
> Is there something better than minting new money that we should be using this energy on, and to which we can economically distribute said energy from locations with excess capacity?

CO2 extraction from our atmosphere for long term storage or creation of CO2-neutral carbon-based fuels for applications that require fuels with high energy density like airplanes.
I remember a time when you could find out how a rotary engine worked from Popular Mechanics. Now I can find out how to raise the dead just by building a Dyson Sphere. How primitive and backwards we were in the 20th century!

https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a35788050/dyson-sph...
Probably not the worst thing he saw, not too familiar with him but i thing he get attacked a lot
NGU - "Number Go Up" technology is one of Bitcoin's most interesting & unique attributes. Few here understand.
> AWS

Not gonna make it... also if you looked into the costs it would lose you money if you took me up on that bet.

I have a better idea: Stacks sats and stay humble.
I enjoyed it a lot, but I also like episodic stories.

Also it is very interesting that it is a space opera that, instead of focusing in grand scale events and high stakes storylines, it deals with a minor, mostly inconsequential and ultimately futile event.
The mentioned book:

1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed

https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691208015/11...

> In 1177 B.C., marauding groups known only as the “Sea Peoples” invaded Egypt. The pharaoh’s army and navy defeated them, but the victory so weakened Egypt that it soon slid into decline, as did most of the surrounding civilizations.

> Eric Cline tells the gripping story of how the end was brought about by multiple interconnected failures, ranging from invasion and revolt to earthquakes, drought, famine, and the cutting of international trade routes
From the study:

> This began with the same warm-up protocol, followed by increments of 50 W every minute until self-reported exhaustion

Am I wrong to think that this is simply "caffeine gives you energy to push yourself harder"? They controlled calorie intake, so simple CICO would suggest a longer exercise period needs to dig into fat reserves.

Based on my personal anecdote, drinking caffeine before athletic activities gives me the energy to more consistently work at the edge of my physical limits. When I'm sleepy, I just don't care to push myself as hard.
Was this removed from hacker news' front page? I don't see it there any more even though this post is ~3 hours old and has 300 points.
The guy I knew who used “scenarii” instead of “scenarios” would probably drive you up the wall :)
Almost seems like you're trying to sensationalize it by changing it to Red Bull, something that's actually pretty low in caffeine once you put marketing aside.

How about comparing it to Starbucks' regular hot coffee sizes?

- Short - 180 mg

- Tall - 260 mg

- Grande - 330 mg

- Venti - 415 mg

Is drinking a 12oz Tall at Starbucks really dropping your jaw?
If you're on Windows, I quite like Splash![0], it's an app that automatically loads pictures from Unsplash depending on keywords you choose.

[0] https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/splash-unsplash-wallpaper/...
Value and price are only loosely connected. Apart from resent history where we've made lots of it dirty, everyone has pretty much always had this highly valuable commodity delivered to them at no price.

Where people here are criticizing the article for its hyperbolic "everyone would be a billionaire!" rhetoric, it's not because we don't believe the metals are valuable, it's because the article conflates price with value.
Hmm. Some of us have heard of it via the original Disney animated Jungle Book, where it cameos in the song "Bear Necessities" (or is that "Bare Necessities?" Dual meaning and all that, forget which one is the canonical title.) Anyway, Phil Harris sings:

"Now when you pick a pawpaw / or a prickly pear / and if you prick a raw paw / well then next time, beware! Don't pick a prickly pear by the paw / when you pick a pear, try to use the claw. But you don't need to use the paw / when you pick a pear from a big pawpaw. Have I given you a clue?"

This may have placed me under the erroneous impression it was a tropical fruit.
Alternative FLOSS P2P search engine is https://yacy.net.
>this kind of Utopian life isn't terribly interesting for the plot of a novel

If it's not interesting to read about, are we sure it'll be interesting and enjoyable to live that way? Why do we find conflict interesting to read?
> Seems like a lot when put in terms of Redbull,

Redbull doesn't actually have that much caffeine. A typically, 8oz cup of coffee has more caffeine than a redbull.

In fact, most "energy drinks" don't have that much caffeine. They have other ingredients that also provide energy.
To be slightly nit-picking, instantaneous travel in the Culture is performed by "displacement" - i.e. moving a small chunk of space-time from one location to another, not by destructively performing a bitwise copy and "transporting" the bits and re-assembling them. There is real (tiny from human point of view) risk involved in doing this, which the neurotically risk-averse Culture Minds find near-unacceptable - this would not be the case if a perfect copy were made before displacement. Indeed the implications and technologies of backing-up humans is not really addressed often or deeply in the novels.
haha, this has happened to me during a half marathon. It cost me 10-15 mins as there was a big line outside the toilet
That is the Turkish name of the medlar.

This name is used in many Balkanic countries.
That's the whole point – most of those things aren't needed for cryptocurrency because cryptocurrency is trustless. You pay for gas in the same currency you get paid in – crypto. There is nobody to call to cancel my credit card because some 3rd party does not control my credit card – I do. Ditto for "managing my account".

If I want to convert ETH to BAT or whatever, I just authenticate (using the same wallet as used above) to a thin wrapper around the network and everything happens on the Ethereum network itself. Meanwhile, if I want to convert USD to GBP, the layers below whatever service I actually use (let's say TransferWise) as the consumer is deeply nested, probably involving somewhere between 5 - 10 different entities.
I’m using their cloud hosting now (I think it’s free for the first month) but it would work the same once I’m self hosting the Visionect server. Just change the url to push to localhost and run both containers on the same box. Should be low overhead with the HTML rendering disabled. Could run it on a cheap cloud server or I’ll probably use an old laptop on the local network.
Thanks, that's a really good post and agree with everything.

Maybe it's also useful to separate out the second bullet into:

- value based on potential future [extrinsic] utility

- value based on potential future [intrinsic] utility

There is a difference in buying stocks which have future cash flows that the value is theoretically based on (which are typically generating revenue/profit/dividends because of the business activity) to speculating on forex or bitcoin (where you are just speculating that someone will be willing to pay more than you bought it for in the future).
If I drink a full cup of good coffee before exercise I'll likely die of heart attack. My heart is starting to literally ache after I get 3 normal gulps of coffee and wait for 15 minutes.

Other anti-oxidizing drinks like green tea do help a lot though.

It really depends on the person. I was a former coffee addict and even though I mostly have quit coffee for full 10 years now I still can't get back to regularly consuming it. It's either half a cup once two weeks or a very shitty 2-3 days after.
Asteroid Apophis Not a Risk to Earth for at Least 100 Years
I have terrible luck with drones, and with my most recent purchase bought DJI’s refresh program. There’s an upfront cost that I can’t recall, then for up to two occasions they will replace your drone for $70 regardless of what happens. It probably runs more for the Mavic 2 than my Mavic Air 2, but for me it’s nice insurance.
Stretch Mark
From the original article

> It's still widely grown in Iran, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia and Turkey, where it's sold in markets as musmula.

Yup, that's the same word. Thanks, Ottomans.
> However, one of her colleagues finds the Star Trek television series almost the only redeeming feature of Earth civilization and recommends that the whole planet be destroyed.

According to the quote, Sma's _colleague_ recommends destroying Earth, not Sma.
What's your opinion on this? Do you believe we are ready for such technology? Imagine at our current state of global politics are we ready to start venturing into space and possibly into planets with life? And I'm not even considering possibilities of Intelligent life.
Its not bad on its own, but paying the running cost of the network with inflation means the people who hold a token pay for it (indirectly trough inflation loses) not the people who use the network.

Staking however does not make sense if the reward is paid trough inflation that cancels each other out assuming most of the supply is staked. So where does the money come from that actually pays to run the network and pays the profit that stakers make? It must come from fees.

Now you have a misalignment of interests. User want low fees and high security and stakers want high fees (an potentially low security to justify more staking and staking rewards for doing so). The free market meets somewhere in the middle, however a blockchain was supposed to remove the middlemen that sucks out value and provides little and overprices benefits (expensive security). Now you have just decentralized the middlemen but its still there and sucks outs value optimized for profit.

Meanwhile the actual user already have aligned interest (secure and cheap) and the simplest way to make sure the actual user run the system, is if you remove the incentives.
If there is no way to make profit from just running it, then the only reason to run it, is if you make profit form using it. An backwards if you make profit form using it then you are willing to pay to keep it running an secure. Thats sustainable and optimized for use.

A PoS system could only be achieved, if all tokens are hold by the people who use the system and holding are directly proportional to their usage. For obvious reason this would never happen.
Can you share how you worked that out?
Exactly. Don't have Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc. etc. accounts. And never will. It all sounded like a raw deal from the get go. I grew up during the Cold War and traveled to East Berlin back then - FB seems far too much like a Stasi system. So never was interested.

I generally avoid having an online presence anymore even though I was online back when it was called the Arpanet!
Agreed. Eris is the one I was referring to in my comment. Instead of removing Pluto, just add one planet(Eris).

On reread that probably wasn't clear, since I still think of Pluto as a planet.
Cavemen used very little energy before the discovery of fire. Are you prescribing a return to that state?

>>>Response to Dan added here due to rate limit.

> waste power

Infinite energy in the universe and everything mankind has achieved has been in large part due to energy consumption. The idea that we should now stop that trend is antihuman/antihuman-progress at its core.

Let the individual/market decide the best uses for energy... not your money = not your choice.

BTW off-planet mining using the sun/stars is a great idea for the future and doesn't require them to be blacked out.
It drops my jaw that anyone drinks that regularly.
I am curious why the author thinks that security is not a commodity.
You’ve never bought or comparison shopped wiper blades on Amazon? I can see that being something that flew beneath the radar of your awareness…
The IKEAs I've been to all offer delivery for a fee, and at least one offered order picking for an additional fee.
Looks like so, weird. I currently see "Bitcoin as a Battery" in the front page, which is older and has less points, with 121 points and posted 7 hours ago.
I've found a couple of random blog posts and some user's pages laying out the OSC codes, but is there an open reference of them?

I have also considered trawling through the various terminal emulator source repos in order to know which are actually implemented (since that can for sure be a different set from those which are specified)
How U.S. media lost the trust of the public
Hello, I work for Visionect, the company that makes the hardware. We have a wireless e-ink based product that does exactly what you want. Check out Joan at https://getjoan.com
> You are way off. The entire Ethereum blockchain is approximately 6 TB. Even a pruned version is over 400 GB.

Your 6TB figure includes "store every single historical past state of the system", which is going "above and beyond": it is something that you never need to do for either correctness or operation of the system, whether as a user or as a miner... the only people who use archive nodes are people who are trying to more easily step-by-step debug old transactions.
Why should open-source projects shoulder the cost of "every single financial system"? These are run by for-profit companies. They can pay for running their software, or the can open source their stuff. Right now, they try to externalize their cost and keep the profits. That makes sense for them if they can pull it off, but it's a clear downside to the affected projects.
GNU Taler doesn't have those issues. It keeps payers anonymous, while payees not, allowing them to be taxed. Being a payment system, any currency can be attached to it, including USD and Bitcoin.
What's with all these half-measures? Let's close America, since Epstein was born here, lived here, payed taxes and what not. We can at least close New York, since it's definitely eternally tainted by him.