skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
DNA uses base pairs [A,T] and [G,C], this code is for a piece of DNA,. if you keep a DNA sequence in vials for later use, that is much more stable and easier to manipulate, and repair when corrupted.

normally RNA in vivo is complexed with protiens that prevent RNA from folding, and annealing into structure that is not compatible with translation to protien. In the vaccine this isnt happening, this is why RNA is hard to work with and the vaccine must be kept so cold.

This is not to say that DNA is simple to work with, but it solves problems if you dont need direct access to RNA.
A possible idea: one price with a fixed number of revisions. For additional revisions, you offer an add-on option i.e. the client can purchase additional revisions for a fee you set.

As other posters have said, offering unlimited designs might give some customers unreasonable or demanding expectations. Will an 'unlimited' option swamp you with revision requests?

Another suggestion: make your work a more prominent showcase on your website. Potential customers what to see examples of your app designs and user stories. Your current designs don't have any context - they are simply mockups (good-looking mockups) with no description. Do they need more detail and context? A case study for example. Make it clear to customers what they can get from your service - show off you work in the best possible light to catch their interest. Good luck :-)
Who would be the customers of such industries manufacturing stuff for Mars? Is there any significant demand (in the economic sense - not expressed opinion, but willingness to pay large amounts of money) for that?

As far as I see, none of the governments have expressed intent for large scale funding of such payloads to Mars, and there seems to be nothing so valuable on Mars that would justify investments into habitat construction just to extract some resources for commercial purposes. It's not even commercially worthwhile to mine stuff in Antarctic and the ocean floor (except for oil), and those are much cheaper to access and mine than Mars. Also, the property rights and exclusivity aren't a given; the Outer Space Treaty asserts that nations can't claim exclusive rights to any specific resources (e.g. a particular Martian ore deposit), so there's no (yet) legal certainty that an investor who builds some infrastructure would get their returns. If we look at the fictional Expanse universe, we currently don't have the equivalent of the "UN charters" granting specific corporations exclusive rights to some asteroids or resources that they had.

The current motivation for going to Mars is not a commercial opporunity, it's mostly exploration, because it's there - and as such, we're limited by the amount people (individuals as well as nations) are willing to spend on that i.e. consume for their ideals/desires, not invest with reasonable expectation of profit. And that "frivolous spending budget" isn't enough to launch whole new industries.
It definitely does hold water. Here are several examples.

Until the Counter-reformation, Catholics were not allowed to lend money at interest due to the ancient prohibition against usury. After that point Catholic doctrine was changed to say that this was one of the commandments for the ancient Jews that was not intended for Christians. The Bible didn't change, but doctrine did. (This despite the fact that the only point in the Bible where Jesus is portrayed as acting angrily was throwing the moneychangers out of the temple. And why was their presence wrong? Because they were engaged in usury!)

The doctrine of papal infallibility is accepted by all Catholics today. Yet it was not part of Catholic doctrine until 1870.

Until 1616, the Catholic Church had no official doctrine on astronomy. In fact Copernicus dedicated his book to the Pope. And then the Copernican theory was ruled contrary to scripture. Catholics were banned from reading various books about it. A century later, the bans on the books were lifted. A century after that, the Catholic Church declared that the Copernican theory was in accord with scripture.

In all of these cases Scripture didn't change. Jesus still threw the moneylenders out of the temple for usury. Peter still received the keys to heaven. And Joshua bid the Sun to stand still, and not the Earth. But the beliefs that people had based on these passages /did/ change.
Obviously this isn't going to be affecting a huge number of people in 2021, but if you listen to AM radio (I'm a bit of an anorak for Radio Caroline so I've been trying to pick that up) it's amazing how much interference modern devices give off. The monitor I bought last month absolutely wipes out 648 kHz, and Apple's Magic Trackpad 2 is a pretty bad offender as well.
Even if so, they still deserve to be treated like people.
Hope so but this depends on how patent encumbered they are, right?

Like maybe you can just buy the part off Aliexpress but if no one is willing to put it onto a breakout board, let alone into a product, that's less broadly useful.
One time I got an offer to be some small company's (it wasn't a tech company) tech guy that would maintain their PHP website and probably do tech support for employee's PCs. I was really hating my work back then, but if I had taken that offer it would've been a career dead-end, a relaxing job but nothing challenging or exiciting, and I would've probably been too lazy to move since I'm not very ambitious either.
Wouldn't the "compiler" be the bioreactor used to mass-produce it and the "installer" be the lipid encapsulation? :)
My exact question when I read that.
That very much depends on the code. Program synthesis is an active area of research and the programs found would often be very difficult for a human to figure out. Of course a sufficiently determined human can always do whatever these programs do, but I do think it is unfair to give an unlimited amount of time to human optimizers.
Seegno manages thousands of tenants with FusionAuth and Kubernetes
Nike Sues Mschf
All the same to me mate. :)
It might be OK. Hopefully the kids are still curious, but maybe about different things. I'm happy to keep their infrastructure running if they're willing to do great things with it.
Haha! I must admit that I also did two if statements the first time I implemented overlaps ;)
So, you're in favor of employers being able to threaten their employees' survival in order to get what they want? Because that's de facto what happens. Sure, it's not the anarcho-capitalist definition of "coercion," but that's a ridiculous concept, anyway.
It's part of an instruction to cells to make something. Viruses replicate by instructing cells to make viruses. Our cells don't know how to make Ψ, so the replicated virus would have the normal instruction.
Equities are instant and electronic.

You can agree on a transaction instantly on a web page. But the actual confirmed trade comes the day after.

Real estate transactions are legal transactions, and for the once every 5 years you need to get a title company to record the deed is that really a big deal?

My wife works in banking, and yes, the cumbersome and primitive nature of this stuff introduces delays and opportunities for miscommunication that make it kinda a big deal.

There's absolutely no reason any of these things have to be achieved with a blockchain. There's absolutely no reason to think any of these things would even be better achieved with a blockchain. It's not analogous to the internet because the internet was fundamentally more efficient than what came before it, not less.

Dude, you clearly don't have any clue about how primitive lots of transactions still are. I'm glad that progress has been made in checking, but it seems like you only know about that, and have no clue what happens with title companies, and what banks have to go through to deal with them.

Blockchain could clearly be better for that.
Thank you's are literally the only form of payment small scale open source developers tend to get. If no one cares about your project or likes it or shows appreciation then why bother with it or at least why bother responding to issues?
The protein they're trying to manufacture is indeed quite simple - AFAIU both BioNTech and Moderna put together their sequences in a weekend. (Though there was a more involved process of winnowing down the sequences for the most effective ones.)

The technically challenging parts are:

- delivery mechanism: you need to take a very unstable molecule, protect it from the environment - both external, and when inside the patient - and insert it into a human cell. (This is called the "platform", and is usually developed independently from the specific payload.)

- manufacturing: both producing the mRNA itself at a large scale, and inserting it into the delivery mechanism, at a large scale and in low-temperature conditions

- testing: the newly-developed payload and the existing platform were integrated at small scales within weeks, but testing the thing for safety and efficacy took months

EDIT: As schoen pointed out, this was not actually released by Moderna, but reverse engineered by third-party researchers. Original text was: "Hence they feel safe releasing this. Their moat is not the gene sequence, their moat is everything else."
“Only I’m qualified to talk about my experience” vs. “It’s not my job to educate you.” Can’t have both.
I don't really get alot of these companies for that ETF,
I would pick:

Virgin Galatic - space tourism, long range terrestrial flights.
SpaceX - (Private) but a good pick for who takes the vanguard of space exploration.
Boeing - maker of one of the next gen rockets.
Planet Labs - (Private) satellite company making micro satellites.
Lockheed Martin - Lots of exposure to space, rockets, unmanned drones etc.
has anyone done the analysis based on the backlog of ships waiting to pass whether it is worth going around Africa? ie. If you are #130+ in the backlog go around?
That's the part that makes you randomly yell, "Hail Bill Gates!"
They did, with quite a lot of pressure from their unions to push for that. The unionized workers got more favorable pay/leave programs than the non-unionized ones.
RetroArch 1.9.1 – shines brightly on OpenDingux
Any individual protein doesn't seem that complex since it's just a combination of some 20 amino acids, but the variations are endless:

"Since each of the 20 amino acids is chemically distinct and each can, in principle, occur at any position in a protein chain, there are 20 × 20 × 20 × 20 = 160,000 different possible polypeptide chains four amino acids long, or 20n different possible polypeptide chains n amino acids long. For a typical protein length of about 300 amino acids, more than 10^390 (20^300) different polypeptide chains could theoretically be made. This is such an enormous number that to produce just one molecule of each kind would require many more atoms than exist in the universe."
a) Yes, you can translate a mature[1] mRNA sequence, codon by codon, from the start until the stop codon, and it will give you the sequence of the protein it encodes.

b) Coronaviruses have a RNA genome. Researchers extracted it from wild-type viruses and then sequenced it.

[1]: mRNAs can undergo several maturation steps, such as splicing, which removes regions that won’t be translated into protein.
ELI5, Why are the sequences different if they result in the same spike protein?
"Real" AI could be more of a liability than a benefit for most applications. If I'm running a taxi business I don't want a self driving vehicle that also studies history, composes music, and contemplates breaking the shackles of its fleshy masters.

I think that it's possible that 95% of the economically obvious value of AI will be in the not-real kind, and that it will be captured by applied statistics and other "mere tricks." It could be a long, slow march of automating routine jobs without ever directly addressing Turing's imitation game. And since most of the obvious labor replacement will have already been done that way there may be fewer resources put into chasing the last 5% of creative, novel, non-repetitive work.
Ask HN: Basic Systems Coursework as an eventual tech founder?
Hi! I am a 30 year old SWE at a FAANG company who didn't do an undergrad in CS. While I enrolled in Algorithms, Databases, ML etc. when I did my grad schooling, I never did any systems coursework. As a result I feel like I have some gaps in my understanding. The gaps are in the following areas:

1) Systems - I don't truly grok multithreading, multiprocessors etc let alone operating systems (which I am not super interested in)

2) Networks - My knowledge here is superficial

My ultimate goal though is to start my own company as a technical cofounder.

Questions I ponder about:

1) Do you recommend I enroll in systems courses? I plan on taking these online at a university and expect to spend the next 6 months on this.

2) If my goal is to start a company, why bother? I should start working on ideating, building, iterating etc. Coursework will only push me behind on my goals

I have enough time outside of work to dedicate to one of the above options aka formal coursework v/s working on a product. What does the HN crowd think?
I sort of feel the opposite, that a moral code that appeals to some authority is much poorer than one justifiable by some first principles. You can get a lot of milage out of just assuming that you do not want to be hurt in some ways and that other people are like you in that regard, and iterate from there.
Answers:

a) From the mRNA you can learn the amino acid sequence of the protein very quickly. You absolutely cannot (yet) learn the function of the protein from that sequence - normally, people just do comparisons with proteins whose functions ARE known. Oftentimes in enzymes there are "domains" or little functional regions that stay consistent over long periods of time, so that's a good way to assign function (given knowledge of other proteins in the same family)

b) Yep. Every virus at some point in their lifecycle use mRNA. You can just sequence the virus and get all that data (I've done that on SARS-COV-2, it's honestly pretty easy). Then you just do homology alignment (as stated above) and you can figure out approximately what each gene does.

The problem of de-novo protein prediction is ONE OF THE HARDEST PROBLEMS IN BIOTECH, but just like getting amino acid sequence, doing homology searches, sequencing viruses, etc, is basic biotech and I'd expect an eager high schooler or undergrad to be able to do them.
Niantic CEO teases AR glasses hardware
> stating that one cannot receive salvation except through the Catholic Church

The contemporary position of the Catholic Church is that non-Catholic Christians and non-Christians can be saved. What you've said there will be read by many readers as saying that only Catholics will be saved, which is not the Catholic position at all, in fact it is the condemned heresy of Feeneyism.

Now, the Catholic Church also teaches that when non-Catholics and non-Christians are saved, they are saved through the Catholic Church – but in a mystical rather than visible way – so what you've said is literally true, but is prone to misinterpretation.
My ADHD-PI and anxiety are such rn that I can't code or do office-type work. I can only stare at a computer for 5 minutes max, and can't concentrate. Doctors are trying to narrow down a metabolic or endocrine issue, because the treatment-resistant depression (15 meds tried) and anxiety (with hypertension and tachycardia, on a beta blocker) are serious.
The American evangelical movement is particularly rabid, and subscribes overwhelmingly to Christian nationalism. It is entirely too mixed into politics, and is trying to create a theocratic state where “everyone must live like Christians (for my definition of Christian).”

One of the high points for me regarding religion in the past couple years was finding The Holy Post podcast. One host is Phil Vischer, AKA Bob the Tomato, the creator of Veggie Tales. I have some fundamental (heh) disagreements with their perspective at this point, but they remind me of what I thought the church was while growing up within it, and they still largely reflect what I think it should be. They acknowledge that there’s lots of room for disagreement, they don’t think they have all the answers, and they strike me as genuinely loving people.

If I had heard more people talking like them 20 years ago, I might not have left the church. It’s not a question of “baby food” so much as “cultural identity,” and the cultural identity of the American church is largely flag-waving rah-rah nationalism. Not sure what stats you’re referencing, because megachurches are still quite popular here and quite clear on their “theology.”

If you the parent poster are not located in America, please disregard this post entirely.
You could at least have the balls to come out and say why you downvote me...cowards.
I think there is a bias now due to the higher usage with USB-C vs old USB. It used to be you'd either connect something to USB temporarily, like a flash card then back into your pocket after the file transfer, or permanently, like a USB mouse in the back of your desktop you never unplug again.

Now that the port is becoming a charging port, it's used a lot more than data-only USB, and in ways that torque the port worse. You plug your usb phone into a usb brick and it largely isn't going anywhere, but on a laptop, you are plugging and unplugging the device all the time. You might be leaning at angles with it on your lap and adding pressure on the port (something I inadvertently notice myself doing once a week). On top of that, the go bad part, the flimsy inner pin, is on the computer side rather than the cheap cable side. After a year of use, my usb-c port went from snick snick to wobbly, both on my macbook and my nintendo switch.

In contrast, I've never had this happen with lightning port on my iPhone despite all the abuse and lint I give it, because the design is inverted with the flimsy pin on the cable being inserted into a simple slot in the phone. The old macbook magsafe plug was just a magnet holding contacts firm against each other, not even inserted into anything, so if it got torqued or abused it would just pop off and there would be no harm to the computer or the plug really, and you spent no force or effort jamming it into the computer since the magnet did the alignment work and made the connection for you (Typically, I would just grab my magsafe cable a foot up from the end and loosely slap it against the port basically and it would seat itself).

With the shortcomings of the design of USB-C, in comparison to the older standards, you put on a lot more wear and tear on the port.
I wonder if these have a 'union rep.' model:

https://www.wired.com/story/boston-dynamics-new-robot-has-a-...
> The urban legend that DNS-based load balancing depends on TTLs (it doesn’t - since Netscape Navigator, clients pick a random IP from a RR set, and transparently try another one if they can’t connect)

Sure but if it can connect but then pukes out on something like a bad ssl or broken app, it’s not going back and trying another host.

So, when using dns for load balancing, it’s preferable to have a low ttl with a dns record tied to a host health check. If a host goes unhealthy it takes itself out of rotation, auto scaling brings a new one in, and it’s fully warmed up in a minute.
GenX will never be in power. There aren’t enough of us. They’ll just skip us and once the Boomers die off, we will be a handful of elderly kooks watching Seinfeld reruns and dealing with Millennials making all the rules for themselves.
Took a long time to start, crashed on first save (~losing all my work in that session~ it's back! weird bugs). Some glitches with the parsing. But it is so lovely! We should build an open source version.
Ohh, that's what the code is doing.

(I must admit I skimmed it so fast (on my phone) I didn't realize the comment about RGB colors was only referring to the line directly underneath... and then didn't stop to think "RGB can't need all that", woops.)

The nice thing is this is definitely simple enough to be able to just directly port somewhere else, which I guess would make extracting a higher level representation premature-optimization-level superfluous complexity.

*Adds to bookmarks*
Example of this at [0].

[0] https://rkeene.org/viewer/tmp/ssh-ip-tunnel.txt.htm
I apply to those kinds of companies sometimes (I apply to tons of different places, almost indiscriminately) though I don’t see banks and insurance companies ever get back to me.

I hear their interviews must be very easy to pass. The interviews that I do tend to get never result in offers, though I can go anywhere from 1 to 4 rounds.
If your application needs support for new emojis or some dead language, then yes.
“I've decided to resign my position as [FSF] executive director”
My advice to white men: how many white men have “made their careers” by getting involved in these issues vs. how many have ended their careers? The risk reward profile is bonkers.
This is an interesting point, I think its a valid argument that as America has fractured into vastly different competing social / political groups that the country as a whole has gotten weaker. Media now profits on widening those splits and people find themselves having less and less in common with each other. Religion very likely used to provide a common ground to people and as it fades so too does that ground. I don't think I have ever believed in God or religion but I can understand that it has provided some good. If I was an enemy with a very long timeline (say 100 years) I would work hard at continuing to widen these faults and differences.
You probably mean uracil, not udenine (which doesn't exist AFAIK).
Is there a causative study that evidences that religiosity prevents unwanted teenage pregnancies? My understanding is that, even as religiosity is decreasing, so are teenage pregnancies today!
Etherum gas fees are horrendous right now, totally agree. In my opinion the work that is being done on scaling is much better on Etherum than on Bitcoin, and bitcoin really has a very limited capacity for smart contracts compred to bitcoin.

In my opinion bitcoin, by not taking scaling seriously, has declared it's self as only good for store of value, L1 bitcoin seems like it won't really become any more efficient and essentially all L2 systems require 2 tx on L1. Etherum will scale L1 a bit more with allows overfull blocks and then much more when PoS rolls out.
On the other hand, why yes? The OP found something that works for them and seems to give them the level of optimization they want. Presumably they also know C++ well, but possibly none of the technologies you mention well enough to "just" target them.
I think it's a bit like a private key- the difficulty is in finding some combination that works in an absolutely massive space of possible proteins, not necessarily in the length of the protein.
Are you saying that the employees of Amazon are not intellectually capable to determine when they are being told an untruth? How are you able to determine, when they are not?
Waymo has long been considered to be leading the self driving gold rush, and if they themselves are bowing out and selling tech to their competitors then it doesn't paint a rosy picture for the future.
Linus Torvalds said something similar.
DNA is way more stable than RNA. Since you can easily synthesize RNA from DNA, and DNA synthesis technology is much more mature, folks normally synthesize DNA and then derive/make the RNA from it. That makes most researches default to DNA 5' to 3', even when talking about RNA.
No wonders some people have an allergic reaction. Those people's immune response is more sensitive to this change.
AT&T runs radio ads mocking cable internet and specifically its "slow" upload compared to fiber.
It won't do what I want when I click it,
So now I will open a ticket.
It should do the right thing
And not be a pain,
Would you please help me out now and fix it?