skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> the entropy of the encryption key is the degree to which the consciousness is "hidden"

Seems fair.

> But the entropy of the encryption key is the degree to which the consciousness is "hidden". This entropy is still massively lower than the entropy of the matter that makes up a brain.

Sure, there are far more possible states for a brain, than possible 4096-bit keys (for example).

> If we have some way to demonstrate the encrypted system is computing the mind program, say, by interacting with its input/output, then we can in theory demonstrate the system is conscious.

Right, although if we further adjust the thought experiment we run into a sort of 'systems argument' problem.

Suppose the homomorphically encrypted system uses an encrypted channel to communicate with actuators, such that a decrypter module is needed to connect it up. (We need not encrypt the channels from the sensors.) In that case, the homomorphically encrypted brain simulator plus the decrypter module, adds up to what we call a conscious system. On its own, the homomorphically encrypted brain simulator does nothing of interest, or at least, appears to do nothing of interest.

> The fact that the encrypted system's operation maps to a mind program with entropy equal to the key, rather than equal to the entropy of the bits in the mind program entails that the encrypted system intrinsically encodes the mind program.

That's what we'd typically expect of a cryptographic system, but now we have a sliding scale. What if the key were so large that it outweighed the state-space of the machine itself? Do we conclude that the length of the key determines how conscious the system is?

We could say that the contribution of homomorphic crypto is just that it permits us to use vastly smaller (pardon the oxymoron) keys to scramble states and their progressions.

What if we define another cryptographic scheme such that the correspondence formerly represented by a very long key, is instead represented by just a few bits? (Finally a way to tie philosophy of mind to Kolmogorov complexity!) Or perhaps I'm misunderstanding the point about entropy here?
Excuse me kind sir, where may one procure the services of an evil maid?

Asking for a friend.
Use RedditAPI to get more freelance customers
The linked page describes the Toit language, but the project as a whole seems to be more than just a new language.

Specifically, Toit is a “software platform for micro­controllers [...] by the team of developers that previously built V8 for Chrome at Google.”

https://toit.io/about
I'm vaguely familiar with some of the conditions in the West Bank...it's the demise of the owner of that barbershop is unfortunate and unsurprising (in him being a victim of gun violence).

New Orleans (also Baton Rouge), like Baltimore and other American cities will presumably eat themselves alive before the invisible hand of cloud computing and technocracy shows them any love.
This looks very cool, and I have been casually looking into OCaml lately.

Please excuse this naïve question, but what is the main value proposition here over plain OCaml: Erlang/BEAM library ecosystem interop, or more something relating to high concurrency? It wasn’t really clear to me from the website/docs.
From eyeballing the chart, they'd only need to handle the load for 20% of the time compared to non AVX512 CPUs to be equivalent.

Anything more is an advantage.
https://news.ycombinator.com/newsfaq.html is always a good place to start ;-)
Lying to the Ghost in the Machine
This is why we've ended up at a mixed approach. Types in Julia are used to "distinguish between things". Multiple dispatch then is a great system for defining rules that are specific to groups: `AbstractMatrix` types have non-commutative rulesets, and we then let them have different rules from `Real` and let subtyping control at a finer grain what rules apply to which pieces, and what rules apply when you combine them.
What useful software exists which works on no data at all? Even a calculator requires data
Looks like it's even earlier. From the page source:

<!-- SVG Tetris for SVG-enabled Mozilla -->
<!-- (c)2004 alex fritze <alex@croczilla.com> -->
Samsung Breaks 5G Speed Record, Reaching 5.23Gbps – Samsung Global Newsroom
Go to XRPL.org its literally that and it exists since like 2013, It whole goal back then was to make a better bitcoin.

Plenty other projects have adapted the concept or even forked the code.
The core team behind this back when it was named opencoin are without a doubt millionaires now and some even billionaires. So you are right but it way way to late now.
Not to says that there could not be a even better solutions. But its already several thousand times better if you compare raw metrics like speed/TPS/energy usage etc. an even better solution would likely not make that much of a difference again.
Meh. Design is messy. Moholy-Nage was a polyglot. To point out that Moholy-Nage, who is a profound 2-d visionary, was a crap industrial designer is like saying Michael Jordan was just OK at baseball. Historically the Bauhaus was an inflection point. Followed later by Ulm and other design programs who have exhaustively documented their pedagogy . If this tradition only ever produced Johnny Ive then I’m happy with that.
Yeah I don’t think “drive safe or lose your job” makes for a good billboard.
A physical keylogger is more complicated then messing with the EFI boot partition and adding some persistent code to the initramfs or kernel.

Some people might say they have a detached bootloader (secondary USB which contains the LUKS headers+bootloader), but that depends on them actually keeping the two separate. Even then there is no way to authenticate what you are booting.
> you could give up one one of them and make it positive zero

What do you expect to happen when you set the sign bit of that number? A possible answer to that is "negative zero", and now you have 2 separate encodings for negative zeroes: one of them with exponent 0, another one 0xFF, and they behave slightly differently.
How many of those workloads would benefit from it if it were more available?

I'm not sure, but we haven't seen it being widely deployed just yet.
> Ideally, we'd be able to control opt-outs at the browser level.

We tried it at the protocol level with do-not-track and it just gave them an additional bit of info to track.

But I agree: It would be awesome to have this as a browser option. Just send a list of all the optional things to my browser which responds with the accepted results.

> The second best thing would be a law to prevent consent popups from making it harder to opt-out than it is to opt-in

Isn't this what's written in the GDPR?
Blnq Studio a Codepen/JS Fiddle Alternative
Qubes OS is actively working on Secure Boot though. There is also a discussion about pros/cons.

https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/4371
> It's like comparing Java application without taking JVM into account.

no, it's not. The "equivalent" of the JVM would be the libQt5{Core,Gui,Widgets...}.so ; but here we are talking about the operating-system-provided libraries, so it is like comparing with a Java application, with the JVM, and also for instance all the MS Windows system libraries, or all the macOS frameworks like CoreFoundation, etc etc.
I wish there was a way to tip authors of books that are obtained via piracy. Like, if I pirate the ebook, I'd rather give the author the money than amazon. Their cut on ebooks is pretty sad compared to print media.
I mean that the underlying "real" theory would be for example just a manifold that obeys certain equations. There is no mention of particles, space, or time. Then you'd have a procedure to get from this manifold to the observables of this universe. One point in the manifold does not map to one point in physical space. Rather, for example, the state of the manifold at many different points collectively determines a certain physical thing in spacetime.

So the fundamental description of the world would be some strange configuration space, which is neither classical nor quantum. And the physical world would sit "on top".

If the universe was like this, and you'd try to form a hidden variables QM theory using the wrong, i.e. physical variables x, p, t, you'd automatically get either nonlocality + infinitely many variables, or very convoluted dynamics (like Bohmian mechanics). Which is exactly what you see.

Another reason for me to believe that a description below QM and spacetime is possible, is because QM looks like a statistical limit of something. I find it very odd to identify that QM is the extension of probability theory to imaginary numbers, and then not ask: Probability theory of what?
I'm imagining its availability will have more impact outside the user base that's already well served by Xeon Scalable.

Visicalc didn't make a big impact in mainframes.
> Legal systems are not so willing to prescribe specific technical solutions

Also, when they do that, it is often critizised that the technical solution is out of date, inappropriate, prevents competition in the space and many more. (Often rightfully so.)
Naming things is hard as you know
"Think of the elderly" appears to be the new "think of the children" when it comes to erasing privacy (and other freedoms) in the name of "security".

I have definitely fallen victim to that one myself, and have pushed that argument when considering Apple's walled garden in iOS, and how much that has assisted me personally in not having to provide tech support for members of my family.

Unfortunately, between these arguments, and the continued push of individual/consumer responsibility and "vote with your wallet", the vast majority of people do not focus their attention on how technology platforms work, instead focusing their interest and energy in other areas, and will "vote with their wallet" for whatever is the simplest solution at the time.

First order effects are generally not considered when it's not something you care that much about. Second and third order effects are definitely not in mind.
Thanks, @aendruk -- ok, that issue is a legit reason for some people, in some cases, to prefer a dedicated SSG-only tool over NextJS. But it's not a reason to leave NextJS off the list altogether.
sorry i really hate videos. but how much is immarsat or iridium?
If you find yourself struggling to understand the basic concepts of electricity, I can warmly recommend the book "There are no electrons" by Kenn Amdahl. It's a very silly book, which attempts to explain electricity through allegory and humour
Love this article. As a former EE ( been in software too long and never actually worked as an EE LOL ), demystifying common misconceptions about a subject is a great way to get people to build a better mental model. Wish more educators would do this in college/university.

But, if you don’t read the whole article, do read this tidbit.

“ ...little use by educators of the wind/sound electrical analogy:

AIR is a physical substance.

SOUND is a wave that propagates rapidly through a volume of air.

WIND is a flowing motion of air already present.

—-

ELECTRIC CHARGES are a physical substance.

ELECTRIC ENERGY is a wave that travels via a column of charge.

ELECTRIC CURRENT is a flowing motion of the charge already present.

—-

The confusion between charge-flow and energy-flow is similar to confusion between wind versus sound. Do you know that sound is not wind? To believe that electrons flow at the speed of light is similar to believing that air must travel at 720mph out of your mouth to distant ears. “
Germany. Since Corona, Teams is suddenly everywhere.
Magnetic field can be derived from electrostatic effects and special relativistic effects. That sounds complicated but both are sophomore level concepts. Sure, the electromagnetic force is mediated by photons, but you don’t need that piece of (graduate-level) knowledge to understand magnetism.
Sounds like a continuation of their first attempt: a Smalltalk based development platform for embedded systems „OOVM“.

http://esug.org/data/ESUG2003/lars@2bbak@2besug.pdf
https://verdich.dk/kasper/thesis.html
The charge and the electrons are the same thing (at least in a normal conductor). Both move very slowly. But energy moves through them very quickly (fluid analogy is helpful here: when you pump water into a full hose then water starts flowing out of the hose quickly even though it may take a long time for the water you just pumped in to exit. In electricity the difference is even more extreme).
Connect RISC-V PineCone BL602 to Lora Transceiver
I appreciate and benefit from whenever a good design story is posted on HN and would like to implore anyone with access to them to share them more often or at least encourage readers to amplify the stories that are already being shared that I might be missing out on.
Hard agree, building a community takes year and you have to be constantly available. You're the one who's going to do most of the talking for the first few years so you better be more skilled than 90% of the people who join if you want them to find value in it. Can't speak on ROI, mine isn't business focused but I'll say it's a great way to meet interesting people, especially if you're not the outgoing-type because it forces you to be.
Ask HN: Is abuse from supervisors as common in industry as in academia?
Hi, HN. I'm a PhD student in computational biology in Canada. Through my MSc & PhD, I've seen a number of abuses of power from supervisors, both my own and others. Some of these are deliberate (e.g., making remarks to other profs intended to embarrass or discredit the student), while many are evidently unintentional but still egregious (e.g., being grossly neglectful of the student's professional development, so that the supervisor is blocking a student's degree completion and career development by essentially ignoring her). As someone who will be finishing soon and getting the hell out of academia, I want to understand how common these abuses are in industry. Some of these problems may arise from aspects particular to academia:

* Maybe students have conditioned themselves to get paid little and be treated with a lack of respect?

* Maybe the sunk cost of a partially completed graduate degree compels students to remain to completion, even when the work environment is toxic?

* Maybe the "flat" management structure of most labs (3 to 30 grad students report directly to their supervisor) allows more abuse?

* Maybe tenure insulates supervisors from consequences for treating their students poorly?

Among my late-stage PhD friends, it feels like 80% are unhappy, either because of deliberate abuse from their supervisors, or because of the supervisor's neglect of what the student needs to finish her degree and progress to her next career stage. Is this abuse as prevalent in industry as in academia?
That's objectively wrong. Less than 1% of apps require verified boot/safetynet/hardware attestation.

I'm running my own Android ROM without cheating Safetynet and I still have access to everything I use using their original unmodified uncheated app: Netflix, Spotify, my banks, all my connected objects (withings, Philips hue, bluetens, neato), or some other random apps.

There are things that don't work, it's true. The only I have witnessed are Pokemon Go, and NFC payment apps (like g pay). This is very far from the "go all floss RMS-style"
Are you certain? ;) Sounds like the plot of a sci-fi in the vein of Hitchhiker's guide where galactic aliens show up with an overdue bill for the sun.
I think you could do something like this with web.dev/trust-tokens (same idea as PrivacyPass), where the server can vouch for you without saying who you are.
Bill Gates and 'Iron Man' Team Up to Fund This Energy Startup
This sounds very much like the aether hypothesis of the 19th century which was abandoned since it is incompatible with many experimental observations, such as the Michelson-Morley experiment. The modern point of view is that EM fields are fundamental and have no underlying mechanism such as an aether medium or something like that.
Amazing to see our language linked on Hacker News. A lot of work has gone into, creating a language which is easy and great to use. If you look at our docs, you can see that we are running it on ESP32.

If anyone want to know more, about what we are trying to build, ask away!
Sorta. Self-driving cars cannot a injure or kill someone in any situation where a human wouldn’t have.

I feel this too. I would rather have a greater risk of death but be in control of my fate.
You are confusing that recurrent networks are trained unrolled, i.e. with finite history, with them beeing evaluated with finite history, which they generally arent.

The key advantage a kalman filter has is in its long term properties being predictable, things like observability, controllability, and bibo stability.

The key downside of kalman filters is that their nice properties only apply to linear systems and linear observations.
Panama provides a "Friendly Nations" residency for just $5,000. And you're not taxed on foreign sourced income. You also don't have to live in Panama.
Show HN: ConclureJS: A tiny generator runner
So I could just screenshot the tweet and would have more physical gain for my $100,000.00 than the purchaser?

I guess I don't understand the value of purchasing this or I'm missing something obvious.
It takes a degree (or equivalent effort) to understand everything on the path from NAND to VR; It looks like a similar amount of effort is needed to fully understand going from QM to macroscopic — though even that much is a guess on my part, as my QM knowledge is PBS Space Time videos on YouTube and some of the Brilliant.org courses.
omg, it's the stereopsis guy! I learnt so much from your old gfxcoding articles, thanks very much for those.
> Isn't this what's written in the GDPR?

Yes. A pity it's almost never enforced. From [0]:

> Consent requires a positive opt-in. Don’t use pre-ticked boxes or any other method of default consent.

> Explicit consent requires a very clear and specific statement of consent.

> Make it easy for people to withdraw consent and tell them how.

[0] https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protectio...

See also: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protectio...
Great points -- w caveat that RSS isn't dead! :)
There is an IDE that embeds neovim as a text editor, kind of.

The VSCode Neovim extension makes neovim run as its backend, while giving you all the IntelliSense etc of VSCode. I can’t tell exactly you how it affects responsiveness as I only toy around with it, but it does feel noticeably better in some aspects...yet maybe occasionally glitchy?

Anyway it’s pretty interesting, especially if you’re already using neovim anyway.
Haha. I read this and laughed thinking Utah just announced limiting technology to flip phones and Palm Pilots.

Seriously, what is the manufacturer’s willingness to accept the costs of this legislation? Making one product for Utah and another for the rest of the nation?

Though, it is interesting to imagine a new middleman industry to take the manufactured products and modifying them for resale in the local market. With a little sticker a la Intel inside...
I think you're right. This is the impression I got after reading about Bauhaus in the ABC's of Triangle, Circle, Square.
Even if this was shopped, the illusion was correct, meaning the sailors' tall tales from a few hundred years ago weren't quite so tall.

I mean, mermaids ≡ dolphins, so ghost ship ≡ floating ship.
The problem is someone making good money will likely not bother with that system - they will just say “my info is not for sale” instead of trying to figure out settings which would earn them them 0.1% of their regular income.

So this system will mostly be used by the people with little disposable income, enthusiasts who enjoy gaming the system, and scammers with tricks to maximize earnings. Those people are not going to spend much money on buying expensive products, so the advertisers will find out that this bidding thing is just not bringing any results.
I imagine you enjoyed the recent spate of Forth articles. Old, but very different.
The video feels like a weird "monty python explains Kalman Filters" sketch.
You'll still owe Social Security. Still, a very large savings if your host country is low tax.
Not looking at a report card for multiple years is not a resource issue.
> What exactly are you imagining the maid doing, taking apart the laptop, removing the hard disk, mounting the EFI partition on another device... at that point, why not just install a physical keylogger?

On my laptop the SSD can be removed and replaced in 1-2 minutes - you just remove a single panel with 2 screws to get at it. On the other hand, the keyboard would take 10+ minutes to get at and rebuild the computer.

> To me, this sort of threat model never made sense, once physical access is possible your main worry ought to be https://xkcd.com/538/

Sometimes, compromise without the target's knowledge is useful.
Such servers are then not compliant with the standard of 4-5 days. See RFC 5321 sec 4.5.4.1.

Are non-standard retry intervals actually that common?
How is this different from any other licensing?
Exactly. That’s why I say all three failed.

Fundamentally, the student failed to attend classes. They will suffer the most throughout life.

Secondarily, the parent failed to apply a minimal standard of supervision of the process. She will suffer the second most (as she watches her son struggle more than is inherent in life because of his relative lack of education and maybe realizes her part in not helping him to avoid that).

Thirdly, the school failed to follow its own basic policies and failed in sending appropriate communications. They will suffer the least, however.

I mention the relative suffering, not to excuse the individuals but rather to clarify that they have the greatest investment in the outcome from schooling. If they waste this opportunity, they should not expect to get as good an outcome as if they capitalized on it. If the mom is upset with the school about him being put back three years and not upset with him about the fact that he has wasted three years of his life, I think it’s misplaced anger. (If she’s steaming mad about both things and only talking to Fox about the latter, that’s perhaps optimal, of course.)
Can you really install a custom rom, when it flushes proprietary firmware for eg the camera? There are only a handful of devices that doesn’t do that afaik.
The companies that want to track you have turned the web into a "complete garbage heap of an experience" (apparently, sites I visit don't seem to have this problem). That's not the GDPR.
A simple way to ease into understanding Kalman filters through experimentation is to implement a simpler alpha-beta prediction filter. Here is the link to the Wikipedia article to get started: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_beta_filter
Why must we hate the things teen girls love? (2018)
It's been awhile since I was in a big org, but when I was, no one was replacing laptop parts. The deals we had with Dell/HP were basically overnight replacements (this was different from servers where we had 4 hour on-site support). Then we would send them broken machines that would eventually come back fixed.

So do big orgs actually have people internally swapping random parts in a laptop to see if they can fix it?

Doesn't change the point that Apple was more expensive, but mainly because Dell/HP prices go way down at volume.
>I always thought a sub model would probably fit them better, but it's obviously difficult-nigh-on-impossible to claw back free content.

That's basically the LinkedIn model as I understand it--which has what used to be Lynda and maybe other things. I have it available as part of my company's continuing ed materials.

But what works as a professional resource paid for by companies doesn't necessarily work for individuals who will mostly only pay for a cert that employers are specifically looking at. Maybe some would pay a Netflix-range monthly fee but I suspect not enough.
Aptera, the first mass-produced solar-powered car, on assembly line this year