skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Touché.

If you want to go down that road, I believe you’ll find that the maximum amount of heat that any machine can exhaust into the CMB (or, more generally, radiatively transfer into a medium at an effective temperature T_h) is precisely the amount of heat it would emit as a blackbody at T_h. IOW sending entropy into space requires generating a uniformly distributed random distribution of something and sending it into space and, if you want to use light, you end up with delta S = Q / T, where T is the temperature of the light. So your device will need a silly surface area, in addition to needing to be very well shielded from the sun. Now maybe you can cheat because, at the wavelengths in question, the effective surface area of an antenna is quite large, but I doubt this buys you much.

But in some moral sense, you are entirely correct. If you put your computer on a cold moon with no view of the sun, you can sink quite a lot of heat at a low temperature. (A really good spectrally and directionally selective filter means you may not need to be quite as far from the sun as the Oort Cloud. Even just pointing an IR thermometer into a clear night sky gives a nice low temperature.)
This is a lot more incel-y than I am accustomed to seeing on HackerNews.
First I want to say this article is actually a great intro to AD and shows off a taste of how well suited Julia is to writing this kind of thing. Mike Innes, linked in the article has a great tutorial on AD that made me realize how awesome Julia is as well, almost too smart :)

Now, AD avoids truncation error by hard coding the basic rules of differentiation, and applying these exact rules to the input. Thus the article setting up the rules for +-*/ as opposed to defining numerical differentiation as the usual limit. There is no magic, AD works because it doesnt use an approximation.

So if instead you use an approximation, like a Taylor series, for a function, and differentiate that, you dont get the derivative of the functions, you get the derivative of the truncated series you wrote. Same would be true for any function. This does not feel surprising.

So I can only assume that the article is really intended to just be about giving a round about explanation of how AD works, rather than uncovering some revelation, which is effectively a tautology, as the article itself points out.

So overall, valueable, but also a strange way of framing it IMO
We're talking about the relative efficiency of Bitcoin vs. conventional finance in an energy or other cost per transaction sense. I'm asking whether some amount of military spending should be counted in the cost of maintaining a fiat monetary system.

If people were using Bitcoin as currency directly its value would remain equal to whatever people were willing to trade for it. Obviously if all people were willing to trade it for was USD it would become worthless, but that's not the point in this thread.

Bitcoin has other problems as a currency but that's not the topic of discussion here. Some other cryptocurrencies try to solve these, such as it being too deflationary or lacking functionality.
Absolutely. But Greenwald is writing as a private individual journalist, clearly his own opinions. There's no journalistic integrity rule that says an opinion column cannot be sensationalist, overblown, or even downright wrong.

Also, accusing a man like Greenwald (who resigned from the media organisation that he founded because he disagreed with the direction it was taking) of poor integrity? That's a bit off-base.
> And most of the cases I'm aware of where they've used that power is to suppress viral lies, which is a good thing. Even then they were late pulling the trigger.

Why on earth would you suspect that the handful of incidents that they advertise are a remotely representative sample? Of course the highest profile censorship is going to be agreeable, but we have no idea what lurks below the surface because we have no transparency.

> And that's what's dangerous about them: the filter got removed from broadcasting. People like to talk about filters like they're bad things, but that's not true. They're in fact a vitally necessary function to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (for instance: what is peer review? Answer: a filter). when you don't have filters, ideas spread in proportion to how quickly they can multiply, which isn't a good thing, because a lot of fast-spreading ideas are akin to cancer, and do nothing except weaken or kill the host.

I certainly don't dispute that filters can be good things. I have an issue with such an important filter being operated by a single entity (or a small handful of entities with aligned interests and who act in concert, for those inclined toward pedantry) who is not beholden to the public. Note that "peer review" isn't one guy determining what is going to be considered "science" this year; rather, it's distributed by its very nature. We should strive for social filters that are similarly robust, and distributing the curation among many smaller parties is the most obvious way to go.

> If Twitter's to avoid killing its host, it needs an immune system to filter out those cancerous ideas.

Or we kill Twitter. :) I say this half in-jest, but some people who are positively terrified about the collapse of democracy seem to take it as an article of faith that Twitter deserves to exist. I think there's some happy medium but if we fail to find it dispatching Twitter seems better than where we're heading.
Would it be possible to create a bitmap of the night sky such that the data — as stored on the storage medium — corresponded to the stars’ relative locations?

Like a DVD or CD...

Anyway, I think if we created such an image and left the burned DVDs here and there, we could seriously confuse the shit out of some future archeologist.
In practical terms the US is limited to two parties. Name the last time a third party won the Presidency. This is woven into the structure.

This doesn't limit the spectrum of opinions of individuals by any means but it does compel some degree of consensus and organization to mount a serious campaign.

> They will likely pull the Dem party to the left

Yes, the parties vacillate in how far left or right they are, and the center moves accordingly. Still, the center of US politics isn't defined by some "objective truth" it's defined by the relative position of the two political parties. Some ideas that have been centrist in the past are now extremist, some ideas that have been considered extreme in the past are now considered the accepted consensus.
Choosing two schools and then saying the process is random seems disingenuous.
It reads like a Buzzfeed style advertorial for Oculus and all the Apps offering up content.
The Quantum Venn Diagram Paradox (Polarized Glasses and 15+15=50?)
Reddit’s 5-Second Ad Was an Unlikely Super Bowl Winner
Awesome. That's a great article:

"...several other anisotropies at other wavelengths – including blue and x-ray – have been detected with other space telescopes and they are now collectively described as the diffuse extragalactic background radiation. Several explanations have been discussed by scientists, but in 2012, it was suggested and shown how for the first time this diffuse radiation might originate from intergalactic stars. If that is the case, they might collectively comprise as much mass as that found in the galaxies. A population of such magnitude was at one point thought to explain the photon underproduction crisis, and may explain a significant part of the dark matter problem."
Those are saturated stars. When the stars are too bright the charge tend do spread along the detector producing those lines
Noise between floors (층간소음) has been a social issue in Korea for many years. Most of the time, the noise comes from children playing and the parents genuinely feel bad about it and try to keep the kids quiet. Sometimes though, you are blessed with neighbors who don't give a rip, or can't even grasp the concept of consideration for their neighbor. Happens everywhere, I guess, but as the article says, in Korean cities the majority live in these high rise apartments, so it's a more frequent issue.
Ask HN: How to find a non-technical co-founder in the time of Covid
in the time of COVID, how can I find a great non-technical cofounder?
I have limited dev cycles, and would prefer to work on my product rather than google "how long does password reset token need to be" and writing auth forms.
I'm familiar with the systems you outline, and yes, those are more difficult to penetrate. However, those systems are significantly more expensive and more complex than the simpler ICS systems. Oldsmar Fl doesn't sound like a place that could afford such a system. Of course, can they afford not to have higher security systems is an open question?
That's just as true for bitcoin, and outside what I would consider the actual cost of running the financial system.
What this tells me is that Tesla has too much cash and doesn't think investing that cash in its main business would produce gains comparable to BTC. Tesla believes in the profitability of BTC more than its own profitability or the profitability of one of Musk's other ventures.

Sure, maybe they want to diversify but that's a hell of a lot of money to throw at such a volatile commodity.
I guess it depends on how you read it. I read that statement in a humorous tone as-if the author was amused by it. It didn't sound angry to me. I do appreciate the ability of an author to simultaneously inform and amuse. Many people (I'd put myself in that category) are looking for interesting news articles, that are not just a boring list of facts. I'm not a follower of the authors work, but as far as I can tell there isn't anything important thats factually incorrect in the article.
I have a feeling you guys will do well. Just today I was scratching my head with passport js craziness.
The US is a much larger country than countries like Germany or France. If you add up a roughly equal-sized amount of the European Union for comparison, you get a number of hosts around 30k-ish, which is somewhat lower than the US's 34-35k, but not by all that much.
Does your startup use lean startup/customer development?
Does your startup use lean startup/customer development methodology to guide early stage activities?

Yes or no and why?

What’s the result of your startup?
Thanks to you I'm now going to imagine all Linux Greybeards are former hot bartenders.
Are all those ASIC miners just sitting out in fields then?
> A lot of reporters feel as passionate about the subjects they cover as he does, but they aren't forthright about it.

First-rate journalism highlights the subject's corruption or bad behavior with such persuasive and overwhelming evidence that the audience generally judges the person or organization under discussion to be a mendacious object of derision.

That is an accurate characterization of the journalism on the Snowden leaks that Greenwald won the Pulitzer for. E.g., the story on NSA spying on Petrobras.

Second-rate journalism simply cuts out the middle-man and casually derides the person directly for an audience that is drooling to see that person taken down a peg. E.g., "Liz Cheney is a compulsive liar who will say anything to manipulate the public, just like her father taught her to do."[1]

I have no idea why Greenwald insists on using techniques of second-rate journalism in his op-eds-- op-eds which quite obviously also include a lot of background research. But I find his consistent use of second-rate journalism steers his rhetoric in directions that directly mislead the reader.

E.g., when AOC tweeted about WSB, Greenwald alleged that she wanted to "claim these Redditors as their own," as he wrote in one of his articles. That's a mischaracterization of what she did, and apparently those Redditors agree with me:

https://www.reddit.com/r/wallstreetbets/comments/l6fg8q/aoc_...

The responses there are a lot of fun to read-- lots of riffs, some surprising agreement, some reasonable disagreement. But as far as I can tell, nearly every default-visible comment there understood that she was uttering a relevant and common refrain from her political platform, not attempting to "claim" the users of WSB as current or even future social democrats. Politicians do this all the time-- e.g., Bernie Sanders did when as a presidential candidate in 2016 he spoke to Liberty University-- communicating to people with obvious opposing viewpoints where they are (albeit in her case with a bit of obvious snark) by focusing on common ground.

That is fundamentally different than a politician claiming a constituency for themselves who is likely opposed to their views in reality. When a politician does that it's at the very least condescending, and you can probably imagine how a group of trash-talking free marketheads on Reddit would respond if AOC actually tried to do that.

Greenwald's writing is littered with enough of these little boogers that it consistently gets in the way of his larger points. And in op-eds like his, there usually isn't that much original research in the first place-- there are plenty of other authors covering this territory who don't hurl completely unnecessary insults at people.

Just look at the comment sections of his articles to get a sense of what kind of person this type of writing attracts. It's not as rabid and pretentious as a David Foster Wallace fan club, but it's close.

[1] https://greenwald.substack.com/p/the-case-for-a-pardon-of-ed...
I don't think it's just a simple stunt. Apparently, the onboard computer on the latest Teslas is capable of mining BTC profitably at the current prices (allegedly).

It would be amusing to have cars mine when idle/plugged in, or better yet have any unsold inventory mining 24/7 (since electricity can be written off as operational expenses). I wouldn't put it past Elon.
Google Deletes 100000 Reviews regarding robinhood
You can't regulate Bitcoin mining. Bitcoin is not controllable in the same way as say, rare earth metal mining, where you can exert pressure on whoever is mining them (or whichever nation is exporting them). There's very little any government can do to pressure a mining farm in Far East Russia or Northern China to use green power for their operations.

You can do Bitcoin mining almost completely offline. Once that magical hash that satisfies the proof-of-work requirement appears, there's no tracing to where it was produced.
Is there any reason they shouldn't have adoption rights? What's the harm in that?
But you'll have the option of switching to one of those other companies.
Right. Space Team's app was a fork of the zxing demo app updated to newer SDK versions, but with the same name and basically identical interface. It had a malicious version uploaded recently, and was nuked by Google.

People then found the original, that looks the same, and started leaving negative reviews, attacking the "maintainer" (who does not really maintain it anymore, since Google no longer pays him to do so and it is no longer possible to update for the play store without some substantial code changes to target the newer android API versions) on Github, etc.
These are bright stars so they are in Tycho catalogue (which is a catalog of 2.5 million brightest stars)
Bitcoin's whole concept is to "Be Your Own Bank". If you can't keep your words safe, Bitcoin is not for you (yet).
With great powers comes great responsibility.
youth is wasted on the young
What is the "intrinsic value" of fine art? Why is it a billion dollar industry?
Yea we lost to many good developers to management .. it's sad .. and they are often shitty managers ;)
What kind of investments are you currently looking for (if any)?
Writing C code in Java/Clojure: GraalVM specific programming
Are there any projects to determine if there are any patterns and if the galaxies and stars are perfectly randomly distributed or not [1]? For example could there be rules like there is always an odd number of galaxies within a specific radius of a red giant star. Or could there be a prime number of galaxies in every certain measurement of a patch of the image.

[1] not including the microwave background radiation
This is another good link https://djschlegel.wordpress.com/faq-legacy-survey-sky-image... , from the webview itself.
Any CET init code ought to be confined to glibc and/or the kernel or whatever code is untimely loading your program. I hope glibc isn’t involved in iPXE :). CET had better be off for UEFI programs when they’re loaded unless that program has a special header, based on spec that I doubt exists, telling the loader to enable CET.
I don't think mathematica supports AD. It supports symbolic differentiation which is similar, but different. Symbolic differentiation given a function determines the derivative for the whole function. AD focuses on running a function and including information to be able to find the derivative at one value. That value may involve tons of branching along the way. You could have a program that involves loops/conditionals that symbolic differentiation would have a painful time and unlikely to pull it off while AD works just fine. AD does not try to determine what the derivative looks everywhere but really traces the function with some extra stuff (depends on forward/backward for what stuff) to allow it to know what the derivative is.

An example of a weird use case outside ML is AD allows you to differentiate through a raytracer/complex program. Maybe your raytracer has a couple parameters for lighting and you have a target image you can to create something as similar to as possible. You could use AD to optimize the lighting parameters. That's one problem that mathematica will be very unlikely to be able to do. For a large application if you want to AD the entire thing either you are using a framework that supports AD everywhere like tensorflow/pytorch or you need language level support like Julia. Pretty few languages have AD at the language level.
Hope Satellite Heads for a Rendezvous with Mars
That is 215 kwh of energy for one transaction.

Nope. The marginal cost of a transaction is next to nothing. Just take a step back and think about what you're saying: that a bitcoin transaction would cost £3.40 in the UK. Obviously nobody would be using bitcoin if that were true.

Proof of work is where the value of the coin is derived. How much energy do you think it takes to mint a physical coin? Now compare that to the amount of energy it takes to transfer it to a shop assistant.
I'm a full-time vim user (for over 20 years) that uses emacs for SLIME only.

viper-mode is terrible for me, as it's a "vi like" layer rather than a true vim emulation; it hits a sort of "uncanny valley" where My fingers try to use vim keystrokes and then fail horribly.

The good news is evil-mode actually is a vim emulation layer and I can switch back-and-forth between evil-mode and vim with very few issues. There are only 3 things that ever trip me up, and none of them are major:

1. Find and replace is different (but IMO much better) in evil-mode, since it preserves case when doing case-insensitive matching (:s/foo/bar will change "Foo" to "Bar"). Since emacs shows the substitution live, and I like this better, I haven't bothered to fix

2. C-a and C-x don't increment/decrement numbers in evil-mode like they do in vim. I mainly use this in macros, I suspect they may interfere with other keybindings, and sometimes it doesn't "do what I want" in vim

3. Yanking to the default register also yanks to the clipboard (+ register) and primary selection (* register). This behavior was changed after I adopted evil-mode, and I hate it when it matters, but it doesn't matter too often.

I'm sure there are obscure vim features that are corner cases similar to the above 3, but I still give evil-mode a firm "recommend" for vim users wanting to to lisp dev.
The recapitulation theory (Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny) is based on observation. The tendency of creatures to develop in stages that roughly correlate as to how their ancestors evolved, is not related to sexual preference. There's no evidence that homosexuality shares the same root cause(s) as to why men have nipples, theoretical or otherwise.
I can do over a thousand crunches now.
They're probably not big fans of finance, either.
why does the US have such a higher count than other large, industrialized nations?

Maybe because it's comparing the entirety of the United States with much smaller countries like Italy and Spain.

A comparison of the United States with the European Union would make more sense.
> Well, one thing that this solution misses is virtual dispatch - HexadecimalEvaluator won't work for Addition(Literal(1),Literal(2)) for example, because ExtendedStringEvaluator doesn't know to call HexadecimalEvaluator back.

Ah of course, I accidentally switched back into closed recursion rather than open recursion (that was ExpressionOpen). This indeed is exactly analogous to early binding vs late binding. You can't exactly write the same form of open recursion I wrote earlier because C# doesn't have higher-kinded generics (so for example you can't write

interface Mappable<L> {
public abstract L<B>Map<A>(Func<A, B> f, L<A> x)
}

which prevents you from writing

record Fix<F>(F<Fix<F>> x)

), but that's a language-specific thing. If you had higher-kinded generics you could exactly model virtual dispatch with open recursion because they're the same thing.

> That is, the Expression doesn't "know" any more that it is being visited, so you couldn't create a LoggingExpression let's say. On the other hand, the Visitor now has more control over the way it interprets expression subtypes. So even here we are doing double dispatch: we are dispatching manually based on the runtime type of `expression`, and then allowing the language to dispatch based on the runtime type of `this`.

You can call it visitor, but at this point it really is the same as discriminated unions (indeed this is exactly analogous to the first iteration of code just without the last bit to ensure that combinations matched up). And you can exactly replicate `LoggingExpression` in the evaluator, there is no difference in expressivity.

This shouldn't be surprising; after all the whole thing that kicked off all of this is that there is an isomorphism between discriminated unions and the visitor pattern. It should not be a surprise that it is possible to interpret one in the other.

My point at the beginning of all this was to object to the statement that this was not an isomorphism. Anything you can do with the visitor pattern you can do with discriminated unions and vice versa. The only differences are in ancillary language support (e.g. virtual dispatch and higher-kinded generics). Hence in a very real real sense the visitor pattern is just discriminated unions and vice versa.

The only preference for one or the two comes down to issues of code size and maintenance.
I know that what I'm about to say isn't constructive in any way but after looking at the image and scrolling around a bit I have this echo in my head: that's one of the most beautiful things I've ever seen.

I actually don't have words to describe this feeling, not in any language I know. It's simply incredible!
The Azure DevOps team has taken over. Things will only go downhill from here.
This is by far the most ridiculous reasoning I’ve seen for a company being too big. Because too many users get restricted from the service unintentionally then the provider is too big?
Maybe its fee is too low now but some miner will add it to a block later when the fee becomes reasonable again, win the mining lottery and add it to the blockchain. Maybe next year or never.
The price of energy used to mine Bitcoin is very low. It does nothing to provide a real base price for excess energy in countries and areas that have robust environmental protections.

There are some niche cases that the Bitcoin crowd love to showcase where energy is truly very cheap (they tend to be saturated sources), but mostly Bitcoin is mined on illicit energy contracts in developing areas where that energy can be had for dirt cheap.

Bottom line is that it absolutely does not advance renewable energy production anywhere where that is taken seriously.