skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Let's give it a shot.

Squeezing shorts is trying to make sure that the shorts (that need to buy back shares) don't find any shares to buy, thus driving up the price (as they'll offer more and more to buy the shares they're obliged to return to those they borrowed them from).

With a gamma squeeze, you also aim to drive up the price, but the mechanism is a different.

As you might know, the payoff of a call option (as a function of the stock price S at expiry) looks something like this:

__/

With S below the strike K, it's worth nothing, and as S exceeds the strike, the payoff goes up.

The price of a call option before expiry looks basically similar, but smoothed out.

The delta of an option is the first derivative of that graph, or, to put it differently, the change in the price of the option as S goes up. You can convince yourself that when S is very low, the delta of the option is very close to zero, and as S approaches K, the delta increases, and with S much higher than K, delta is basically 1.

(Take an option struck at 50. When S = 10, it's worth basically nothing, and when S = 11, it's still worth basically nothing. So, delta = 0. When S = 200, option is worth about 150, when S = 201, it's worth about 151. So, delta = 1.)

[Gamma is the second derivative. It's basically zero when the stock price is very low or very high, as delta doesn't change. But near K, gamma rises - delta changes!]

Now, if an option trader sells you a call, you're long (you win if the stock goes up), trader is short. Trader doesn't like that risk, so they'll buy the stock to cancel out their price risk. How much stock? Well, depends on delta. If S is small, and delta, say, 0.1, they only need to buy 0.1 stock. Then, for small movements of S (say, a small increase), what they lose on the option, they gain on the stock.

However! If the stock moves substantially, particularly if S approaches K, the delta of the option goes up (gamma is not zero anymore). So, the trader needs to buy more shares to be flat again.

So, here's the strategy: Cheaply buy way-out-of-the-money call options (S << K). Then, manage (somehow), to drive the share price S up towards K. The trader who sold you the options will then buy S, potentially driving up S even further. That's the gamma squeeze.

[Note: The trader that sold you the call charged you a fixed premium at the beginning. Now they must buy the stock when it has gone up, and sell it when it has gone down. So, as the share price goes up and down, they lose money (since they buy expensive and sell cheap). If the share price goes up and down a lot, they'll lose more than they got on the premium. If the share price goes up and down only a bit, say when it moves smoothly in one direction only, or not at all much, then they'll lose less than they got on the premium, so they'll win.

That's why we say that someone that wrote a call is short realised vol: if realised vol is high (higher than the implied one that he charged you for the option), they'll lose, and vv.]

When you wrote an option, you're short vol, short gamma, and long theta. When you bought an option, you're long vol, long gamma, short theta.
"In order for users to watch the video, they must be able to download it in real time, so the maximum bitrate has to be lower than the slowest connection among your users."

Why not just (progressive) download, watch/save, delete? IOW, playback from saved file.

Better for variety of conditions, e.g., connection might be slow.
A fascinating bit of innovative, entrepreneureal, hacking, technological, telephonic, monopolistic, and criminal history.

Independent inventor convicted and gaoled by AT&T for "misdemeanor attachment", the crime of attaching non-AT&T equipment to AT&T's phone network.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_L._Shaw

More on this in the first bit of "The Inventor and the Thief" on Snap Judgement:

https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/snapjudgment/episodes/l...
This sort of happened to me once. I was one of the first to identify children's fiction author Robert Stanek as both a terrible writer and an Amazon astroturfer. My blog post about him was widely cited by other critics as they discovered the same things. Eventually this led to posts on a couple of his "fan" sites - almost certainly set up and most content written by Stanek himself - including my home address and accusations that I'm a child molester. He also tried sending me emails threatening legal action. Besides the claims being utterly fraudulent, the letters were so clearly fake that I replied telling him to piss off (in exactly so many words). With a little effort I succeeded in having the posts taken down, or at least made invisible to Google. The more generic attacks continued on and off for years, again as more people discovered the now-numerous accounts of his transgressions and re-triggered Stanek's delusions about a cabal, but it has been at least a couple of years since the last one. Who knows, maybe he'll try again now.

The point is that these kinds of revenge campaigns have been easy for a long time (my blog post was in 2003) and keep getting easier. Using Pinterest in this case seems like an interesting twist, since Google's suspicious love for them is already a matter of some discussion. It's also interesting that an NYT reporter takes a so-predictable swipe at Section 230 as part of the story. While I wouldn't be in favor of holding platform providers responsible for users' content, I do think defamation deserves to be treated with at least the same seriousness as copyright violation, for which special provisions already exist.

P.S. I'm well aware that Stanek accuses me of being the defamer. Such reciprocal accusations are practically always a feature of these cases, including OP, and that should be kept in mind when considering them.
It depends on situation. As an example, it could be difficult to write tests when you have circular dependency. As well depends on the language there could be strange ’side effects’ which would be difficult to debug.
Seems like AAA is late to the party. I learned about not using "accident" when Washington, DC started talking about Vision Zero (https://ddot.dc.gov/page/vision-zero-initiative; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_Zero) prior to the passage of legislation in 2014. But, late is better than never.

Going forward, though, they need to put the idea into action at the local, state, and federal levels when transpo policy and funding discussions are held. Language means nothing if automobiles continue to rule the road.
> The position of the Wayland project is that security isolation requires sandboxing.

which is not really a step forward since now I have do go and sandbox every app.
Should You Trust Google's Page Speed Test Score?
You can do it in a single pass fairly easily. Loop over the rows of data. Store the current high to low, as well as the largest high to low since inception. If the current exceeds the largest since inception, simply replace it. Should be about 30 lines of code.
Google reinstates Element after an appeal
From a previous discussion of this paper I took away the following clarifying insight:

The Drake equation is usually turned into the Fermi paradox via some estimations that show the average (mean) number of alien civilizations we expect to see is large (>1).

However, just because the mean is large does not imply that seeing 0 is low probability.

More concretely, suppose there were 10 possible 'parallel' universes. In 9 of them humanity is alone and in the tenth there are tens of millions of alien civilizations. The probability of appearing to be alone is 90% even though the number of alien civilizations we'd expect to see is in the millions.
Not really. I can run 1500-2000W during the day if I care, but there's no way I can run a 2kW load, 24/7, without massive generator use. My battery bank is way, way too small for that. I typically idle around 75W overnight in the winter, can run a bit higher in the summer, but 2kW would drain my battery bank stone, stone dead about 5h after sunset.
Thanks for recommending the podcast - we've actually got an episode coming out tomorrow around the topic of pulling such a presentation together. Hope you enjoy it. Toni (aka 'the friend':) )
yes but you're getting downvoted because HN doesn't like people actually realizing stuff.
Yes, you could have a smaller overhead with a large amount of fraud and a lot of exclusion of people in need but you can also have an enormous overhead, still have some fraud and still exclude some of those who need it the most. End of the day you cant measure need. If you have 2 people with migraine, back pain and some problem in their social lives there is no way to calculate or compare their situation fairly. (both are better than what we have)
There are a lot of reasons apparently why it might not turn out that way..

Frankly, I don't believe it's "fair" for somebody to be exposing everyone around them to such financial risk. IMHO if you purchase a 2m vehicle and drive it around on public roads, you need the insurance to close the gap between avg/state mandated coverage and what your losses might be. The laws should prob reflect that and limit the average consumers liability.
Thanks for catching the new domain on that one!
> The one thing I did notice, that was really weird, is that as I fell asleep I'd have trouble "remembering to breath". Which was quite a strange experience.

Have you considered getting tested for sleep apnea?
This was discussed at length years ago and it was decided that passing a fractional scale value to the client is not what you want, makes the code much more complicated and doesn't really solve the blurriness. A bit of background here: https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/wayland-devel/2013-Ma...

To illustrate, I usually use a simple example: How do you render a 20px tall font at scale 1 2/3 without being blurry or without rounding errors? And if you wanted to avoid any additional scaling artifacts or rounding errors, how tall would you make the output buffer, in pixels? What happens when you try to stretch this window across multiple screens?
It’s an interesting concept, if you can’t obscure your communications from surveillance, obfuscate the sender, the recipient, and the delivery. Definite promise
>but they decided to pull all the dirty tricks and shenanigans

like what?

>The WSB crowd battling the billionaire vulture short sellers are out for more than gains.

I'm personally skeptical of this. It's easy to say you're doing this with noble reasons on the way up, but it's hard to tell whether the people are serious, or they they're trying to ensure there's enough bagholders to sell into.
The bodywork will self-clearance if you let it.
The answer to that varies from person to person. It may provide nothing. Many people have tried it numerous times and don’t like how it makes them feel. You really just have to be the judge of that for yourself.

For me it helps slow down my brain a bit, quelling distracting thoughts and anxieties running through my head so I can focus a bit better. It’s also useful for unwinding and relaxing at the end of the day, and I find that my thoughts are a bit more creative and inventive, if a bit slower.

Set and setting are very important as well, usually it’s best at home or in other relaxed environments. Being high at work or in public is often a pretty terrible experience, for me at least.
I wonder if this would work for SiriusXM and/or AT&T with their ever-creeping upward prices and reduced offerings - SiriusXM takes over non-sports channels for sports throughout the year, and at&t threatened to perma-ban my SIM cards if we tethered, even though i bought the SIM cards with the understanding that all three would be allowed to tether at-will. See, they removed "overages" but eliminated tethering during the full swing of pandemic, so that's the "new normal". I'll lay 50 for 1 that sometime this year they'll bring back overages, but not tethering.
GameStop Promoter Was No “Amateur”; Held Trading Licenses and Worked in Finance
Show HN: Small Rofi/Khard Integration
A New Lawsuit Accuses Valve of Abusing Its Power to Keep PC Game Prices High
lol, thank you for the attention. Yes this will incur a performance penalty, and is similar to what "pdb" introduces(if your are familiar with pdb). Most of the python debugger did single step or breakpoint feature in this way.

And it's a little more than inspect and frames. Note that it is much easier to do watch("a") than watch(a), but it's slightly less intuitive. So I also did some AST hack to make watch(a) possible :)
Why aren't they taught that Wikipedia is a tertiary source?

It explicitly doesn't aim to be a source of truth, but rather an accurate summary of other sources.
I would be grateful, if you could explain which of the guidelines I may have transgressed. I read them all and searched "grammar". Nothing comes to mind.

My own comment was precipitated by the sneering tone I read in (sic!)

Which itself points out a grammatical mistake unnecessarily. Then compounds this, by making a more egregious mistake.

Really my comment was making the same point. Don't point out grammatical mistakes, which is the precise purpose of (sic).
It's like Clubhouse but in a public restroom. Anyone have invites?
That’s supposed to be a link to CalvinBall, but it didn’t quite work right.
The difference only exists if you think government lies are better than subculture lies or private party lies. Lies are lies. There's plenty of 50-100yo examples of news organizations twisting the truth to benefit their stakeholders.
You’ve just dismissed the entire article and it’s details by adding nothing useful to discussion. By your logic, let’s all dismiss HN - the best knowledge is what you already have.
FYI, there's a typo in the updates at the bottom: Yesterday and today is referred to as being in 2020 rather than 2021.
Google's one step ahead of you there :)

https://github.com/google/souper
In which case I can understand you not being able to buy, because you are buying on margin.

That is not what I'm talking about though. I'm talking about 100% cash.

If you are trading on margin you can get margin called. If you aren't though your broker has no right to do this kind of stuff.

You are suggesting the casino would grab the ball for people who were not using amex. Deeply illegal.
Has anyone seen surprising feedback loops they can share?
The posture towards symbols on different platforms is quite interesting to see: I think all major OSes strip their binaries, but Microsoft provides them as a separate download and Linux of course has *-dbg packages and the upcoming debuginfod. In comparison, macOS is truly an infuriating platform because Apple strips their code and recommends others do so to (it's done automatically as part of deployment postprocessing) for size improvements but because Apple and third party developers are sold on the FUD that providing symbols will ruin their business nobody ever provides them separately. (Aside: if you ship software and run any sort of stripping/minification on it and want to claim it is for the size benefits exclusively, you are honor bound to provide the information you removed, whether that is DWARF or a source map. No exceptions. Personally, I consider this important enough to not do these things at all, but I get it if you fall on the other side of the "size vs. inspectability" spectrum–you just need to also provide the stuff you throw away if you don't want to be annoying.)

More on point, though, I can see both Windows and Linux getting the experience of finding debug symbols to be pretty good™–but for the same reasons I cannot see macOS getting this unless attitudes change. Apple of course runs this internally and "forgets" to share the scripts with us, and I have heard of other companies doing similar things, but I don't see any sort of unified effort in this area at all :(
An Rwx Theory of Programming Languages
For me, being white in a mostly black HS but mostly white teachers & principle, "white privilege" ended up meaning I could skip out of study period to get a sandwich at a deli next to the school and come back and eat it, and the teacher would just smile and give a little laugh. Black kids got detentions for shouting in the hallway and all kinds of minor things that I also did, and never got detention for.
Fabulous. I really appreciate the in-depth writeup. I couldn’t have hoped for more!
> because you are home and done driving for the day

This is something I think about a lot, and it's also what prevented me from purchasing an EV recently -- I live in an apartment and park in a surface lot; street parking would be even less feasible for charging.

My question is to anyone who may know the answer: is there any research/modeling being done regarding the intersection of declining home ownership and increased EV adoption/feasibility?

Most of my peers can't afford a home but would prefer an electric vehicle. Workplace charging is often suggested as the answer, how does a shift to remote work change that? A lot of moving parts and I'm curious if someone more qualified than me has crunched the numbers.
That may very well be a function of the design choices made by the authors of the uniwidth fonts created to date, which is arguably a limited sample size at the moment.
Taiwan Is a Civilization
Very happy for you guys. But do take this as a shot across the bow, if and when it serves Google's agenda to shut you down they will. You have a great service, don't let Google control you and be beholden to them.
Nice, thanks for sharing! At most I've also hooked up a projector to my computer, but never needed to deal with any setting changes really (just for gaming or rarely for a presentation).

A little off topic, but I've run into some weird issues with Display Port/Nvidia/Dell monitor where the monitor is not recognized on unplug/replug. In the past I know there were some issues with older Nvidia drivers and this particular monitor (P2715Q), though this seems like a weird problem that I've seen others have with different configurations online. It led to me needing a weird set of steps (I wrote about this in my Valve Index impressions [0]), using xrandr to add the display mode and switching to a virtual console too. I'm guessing this is mostly due to the older Dell monitor which has always been a bit wonky with Display Port. I assume things are better these days more broadly.

Relevant part of [0]:

xrandr --newmode "4K" 533.250 3840 3888 3920 4000 2160 2163 2168 2222 +hsync -vsync
xrandr --addmode DP-0 4K
xrandr --output DP-0 --mode 4K
# switch to virtual terminal, i.e. Ctrl-Alt-F2
# switch to DisplayPort input on monitor which should display the terminal
env DISPLAY=:0 xset dpms force off; sleep 5; env DISPLAY=:0 xset dpms force on
# switch back to X, i.e. Ctrl-Alt-F7

The modeline to add can be found ahead of time with xrandr --verbose or using a tool like cvt or gtf (see the Arch wiki). Sometimes, though, I just need to power cycle the monitor or unplug and replug some cables. I hope this is just this older hardware, and probably solved, like everything else here, with a new GPU that has more DisplayPort outputs.

[0] https://boilingsteam.com/the-valve-index-on-linux-on-a-min-s...
Yup, they're in growth. Just like Amazon didn't have it's first profitable year until 2004. Tesla is in growth phase. They are investing investing investing. This is the right thing to be doing at this stage. Other automakers need to invest as well, but they have the legacy profits to write-down, Tesla doesn't.
> Thereby, when you buy current GME stock, the stock also has an attached buyer that has to buy that stock back, at ANY price.

Yeah, but as I've explained elsewhere: Suppose long interest is 240% and short interest 140% (leaving net supply of 100% shares). Then, even if redditor HODLers hold 99% of actual shares, and won't sell them, it's enough if there is 1% free float, and the 141% remaining longs (who have lent out their shares to the shorts) are happy to sell at the current inflated price. The shorts can then close out their position with 140 of those 141 longs, and then you're left with 99% shares held by redditors, and 1% held by someone else who might want to sell at this point.

To squeeze the shorts, you need to control 100% or more of the long interest. I doubt that's the case here.
No, it's the other way around: if you share your personal experience with me, I'll respect you more than I would if you instead shared facts. At least, that's the authors' claim.

But what it means to "share facts" in these studies is not what you might anticipate. In Study 5, for example, participants speak with someone who disagrees with them about gun control. In the article, we're told that these interlocutors "offered either personal experiences or shared factual knowledge to support that stance." But the Supporting Information (which is separate from the article) shows what the interlocutors really said:

> Well, I do think you’re wrong about gun policy. I am [for/against] gun control, and I feel pretty strongly about that. I don’t know how you can call yourself an American if you don’t think that guns [hurt people and communities/keep our communities safe]. I believe this because I have read many books and governmental reports on gun policy, so my factual knowledge has really made me feel strongly about this. [1]

The interlocutor claims to be basing his views on "factual knowledge," but no actual facts are offered. To me, this seems a bad way to study the effects of fact-giving in discussions. If you want to do that, you should...study discussions in which facts are given.

Study 4 is similar in this respect. Then again, in the authors' defense, there's more to the article than these two studies.

[1] https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/suppl/2021/01/25/200838911...
> I believe littering the ground with philosophical landmines is possibly deliberate.

That was my reaction too. It happens across the political spectrum, and avoidance of p-landmines only encourages their further use.

One should pick when and where to make a stand, and seek conciliation, but if you are always avoiding other people's outrage, you will end up where those others want you to be.

From the article: "Anyone who hangs out on 4chan can confirm that this is the approximate shape of most thread derailments." Well, that might well be one of the arenas where you don't need to make a stand.
"Those in the habit of afternoon napping were also found to have a higher level of triglyceride, a type of fat found in the blood"

This seems like a pretty important caveat.
> This was a licensed esketamine (s-ketamine) trial under medical supervision which, as you might imagine, left us excluded from the trial afterwards.

Do you feel like the experts are being disingenuous with the safety of this drug? I am not taking sides here - I am genuinely curious of your opinion since you seem to know something others don't.
Having many small players is not by itself inefficient. The inefficiencies come from lack of modernisation which is (in large part) a direct result of the stasis induced by the kind of government meddling that these farm bills are trying to reform.
You don't even need to invoke parallel universes. Look at the Hubble Deep Field photo[0]. Our observable universe has hundreds of millions of galaxies. It's entirely feasible for tens of millions of alien civilizations to be spread about and not visible to us in the narrow window of space and time in which we've been looking.

[0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Deep_Field
Nigeria is a signatory of most space treaties other than the unpopular Moon Treaty. These treaties are in need of updates to reflect the current situation but none of that changes that what is going on now is within the stipulations of the treaties the signatories freely entered into.
Given gQUIC was never _that_ broadly deployed (mostly Google and a few CDNs, IIRC), I can't imagine it would be overly significant to disable. Last I knew there were some Google properties still using gQUIC, but that was a while ago.
Is Tak more complex than chess?