skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I'm likely equipped to answer your question if you elaborate a bit on what you mean by runtime state. Could you provide concrete examples of things you are curious about?

The general pattern, in case it covers what you are looking for:

- By default, files/filepaths are isolated, similar to chroots/containers. Features the Bedrock Linux development team haven't taken time to work on yet usually work as they would in their native distro, but are not integrated with the rest of the system. This notably includes most things that package managers touch to keep them from fighting each other.

- Bedrock actively integrates a supported list of files/filepaths which are needed to ensure features from different distros interact transparently. The specifics here vary depending on the given feature. Over time, the Bedrock team expands the list of files/filepaths that do something to integrate across strata as solutions are found to do so without introducing conflicts.

- Bedrock purposefully eschews isolating things like processes and network namespaces. Running `htop` shows all processes from all distros. In the worst case scenario, the user can only get the given feature from one distro at a time. The most notable example here is systemd, which requires being run as PID 1; the lack of PID namespacing means a Bedrock system only has one PID 1 at a time. Switching between different distro inits usually requires a reboot.

- A stratum can be "disabled," which both kills all of the associated process and removes the runtime integration with other strata. Once this is done, it can be copied (backed up) or removed safely. The stratum providing PID 1 cannot be disabled, as Linux is not designed to run without a PID 1; to remove the PID 1-providing stratum, a user must first reboot and select another init. The `bedrock` stratum cannot be disabled, mostly because the Bedrock developers didn't put time and effort into supporting that workflow.
Since it appears that it was removed from youtube, you can find The Sweatbox on archive.org here:

https://archive.org/details/TheSweatboxDocumentary_201704
The OP mainly concerns the First Amendment, but the recent controversies around lying and free speech have not involved government attempts to stifle lies.

IMO, it's not possible for there to be a workable legal ban against lying in general; the "collateral damage" would be too great. Through there are are very many cases where specific kinds of lies could be made illegal. HOWEVER, for free speech to work, I think it's supremely important for everyone in society to do whatever they can to suppress lies, liars, and falsehoods. If that's not done, at best, the public square will degrade to being little more than a useless Library of Babel [1]. Unfortunately, a lot of people nowadays can't seem to tell the difference between a dissenting perspective and a lie, and that position ultimately discredits free speech.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Library_of_Babel; "In any case, a library containing all possible books, arranged at random, might as well be a library containing zero books, as any true information would be buried in, and rendered indistinguishable from, all possible forms of false information..."
Vimeo Engineering: Faster application tests with MySQL simulation
Like everything on mainframe, JCL is old and has lots of warts. But it is, essentially, what is known today as "infrastructure as code".
Fred Brooks led IBM 360 software development. From his oral history at the Computer History Museum [1] (on p.33 of 49):

That’s the worst mistake we made was JCL.

Yeah. Well the existence of JCL was a mistake. Building it on a card format was a mistake. Building it on assembly language was a mistake. Thinking of it as only six little control cards instead of a language was a mistake so it had no proper sub-routine facilities, no proper branching facilities.

It kind of grew. It kind of grew but when you end up with your data definitions doing all the verbiage things because you’ve limited yourself to six verbs that’s a language mistake.

We didn’t see it as a language was the fundamental problem. We saw it as a set of control cards.

And lo and behold they’re still around, the dusty decks that nobody dare touch because they run and nobody knows what’s inside

Incredibly complicated, the keyword parameters and the set goes on and on and on and on ...

[1] https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/20...
> I find it quite telling that you are surprised Greeks might be considered anything but white, while not showing any surprise about Turks. I don't think there's any difference in skin color, so that confirms my suspicion that "whiteness" isn't just about looks.

There are many more people of Greek descent than of Turkish descent in the USA. It's very possible that the person you replied to is simply not familiar enough with people of Turkish descent to express surprise at your claim.
“Three-quarters of Wuhan patients hospitalized for Covid-19 still had symptoms 6 months later, Chinese study finds”

https://abc17news.com/news/national-world/2021/01/12/three-q...

N = 1,700+
This sounds almost like the developers should be permanent, pardon my French, bitches to both Apple who can boot them for any petty reason, and to scammers who copycat them and make money with straightaway fraud, then to Apple again, who won't do anything about the scammers (I wonder what percentage of App Store revenue comes from those, once you look past the biggest players like Microsoft/Adobe/whoever else is in the top 20), and then to Apple again, who will incorporate your app's functionality into the core of their OS offering and then boast how they were the first to come up with the idea.

And not only should be the developers bitches, they should, according to you, accept and enjoy this dubious "honor".

Right?
They do. I can't remember where the documentation is but there's a clause where they payout as long as they aren't meeting their SLAs.

Who knows the different ways they may be able to get out of that. I assume this wasn't one of those times.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration

Just to save everyone time:

>The declaration calls for individuals at significantly lower risk of dying from COVID-19 – as well as those at higher risk who so wish – to be allowed to resume their normal lives, working normally at their usual workplaces rather than from home, socializing in bars and restaurants, and gathering at sporting and cultural events.

>The World Health Organization and numerous academic and public-health bodies have stated that the proposed strategy is dangerous, unethical, and lacks a sound scientific basis.

>It was sponsored by the American Institute for Economic Research, a libertarian think tank that is part of a Koch-funded network of organizations associated with climate change denial
Ford, Google form 'strategic partnership' on cloud services, Android
In this case, it would be illegal market manipulation on behalf of both the hedge fund and RH. There are plenty of laws that govern people's behavior depending on intent; for instance, shorting a stock is not illegal, but organizing a short in order to force other companies to sell (the opposite of a short squeeze) is illegal. The SEC can use your own trades as evidence against you; if you build a massive short position that is otherwise inconsistent with your risk management philosophy, it's evidence that this trade was manipulative.
Thanks for sharing this. I loved your post last year and I'm happy you managed to do so much in 2020!

Good luck with Tiny pilot and keep us up to date :)
> I'm pretty sure they have the right to suspend/restrict trading in any security at their sole discretion

Not if it's market manipulation.

That's like saying I'm pretty sure a CEO is allowed to trade stock at their discretion. Sure but not if they do it with insider knowledge.
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Dunno why you are getting downvote. I've been more than pleasantly surprised with the amount of games with minimal fuss that I have been able to get to not only run, but run VERY well on my new M1 MBA. For example, I think there is going to be far more expansion of Mac in gaming than there is going to be with Linux and as for hardware all it will take is for a desktop with a PCI slot and some driver support. It would not surprise me if Apple and AMD weren't working on Apple Silicon drivers already, especially if the rumored mythical "xMac" mini tower is indeed in play (I hope so!). I can get enough games running on my MBA right now that at this point I would have to think really long and hard about upgrading my Windows gaming box.
It's not just dirt. Traditionally people lived in close proximity to a variety of domestic animals. Most viruses originated in animals and then crossed to humans. So our immune systems evolved to cope with that exposure.
I think anything that becomes a right of passage (editing the m4 file for sendmail) has to have a mention when discussing bad implementations.
mutations happen not as a response to effective defenses as implied by 'heterogenous immunity', but because the replication process is chaotic, introducing a range of defects and accidental benefits. it's a random process as likely to prolong as it is to shorten the duration, so has no persuasive power in your direction.

as for your second point, we're exposed to coronaviruses of all sorts already (viruses that have spike proteins)--the relevant class of viral disease here--and that's what's likely to have conferred mild/asymptomatic cases in the majority of the infected.
What Does the World After Capitalism Look Like?
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I agree with this sentiment. As with almost everything in life the answer is not to have too much of any one thing. Moderately saying yes and no will help you go further in my humble opinion. The discussion should focus on 1.) Understanding how much you say yes vs. no and 2.) If you say yes far too often or no far too often here are ways to bring you back to balance.
To comment more generally, Myanmar has probably the most enviable geopolitical _potential_ in the region if the not the world. It's the only country that can land connect China/India, has deep shore potentials that would wreck maritime trade patterns in the region... which contains 1/2 of the worlds population and is rapidly developing economically. It's almost in everyone's external interest to control Myanmar, or see it in dysfunctional shambles to create environment subject to easy influence.

Having long-term military basing there by US or China would be... strategically significant and only IMO possible via invasion. That applies to military basing in the region in general, too much colonial history and political baggage for anything other than logistics support during peace time.
Ask HN: How do you maintain productivity?
I'm stuck at home, in Ireland I'm not allowed to go more than 5km from my house, and I'm starting to become demotivated.

I hate this so it causes anxiety, i can't focus because of the anxiety. So i work late and do all my work in the evenings, which ruins any hope of me having a normal life outside work.

How do you maintain focus or productivity levels?
Never use MongoDB (2013)
I wonder if this means that all of the Ford calls will be regularly sending analytics back to Google, like they do with smartphones.

Will someone need a Google account to use parts of their car? If their account is blocked by Google (as often happens with automation), will that stop parts of ones car from working?

I see potential for some very unhappy Ford owners in the future.
Gender and the Dynamics of Economics Seminars [pdf]
That's not true.

I went back in my revision history. Again for what it's worth (perhaps nothing), at 7:53AM ET this morning, I added this sentence:

> Citadel is a hedge fund and market maker. Its success has vaulted founder Ken Griffin to a net worth of more than $20 billion. Technically, the two sides of Citadel (hedge fund / market maker) are split into two separate arms -- but they are both under one parent company and owned by Ken Griffin.

This was posted on HN (again, not by me) after I added that sentence.
Typically there's a clause where the investor can be paid the cash equivalent instead of actually providing the physical metal.
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In reading about this, my first thought was... in 300 years will they be digging up our current cemeteries?

The answer is a resounding 'very possible'.
Although there are federal laws on the books
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological_ethics#Preserva...

There was a modern attempt at relocating a cemetery in 1988 that ultimately failed for political reasons: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eloise_Cemetery#Present_situat...

And there are things like this in the Texas State Code that give clearance for eminent domain actions: https://casetext.com/statute/texas-codes/water-code/title-4-...

So don't buy a plot in a prospective dam/reservoir area in Texas if you want to be undisturbed for centuries.
Ada has that. Bounded types and subtyping.

For example, the type system is aware of the ranges of allowed values and can statically enforce this. Runtime checking is used by default but can be disabled.
my next laptop will be a amd cpu/gpu machine... hopefully 2nd q this year!
A previous thread on this topic from 2017:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13311124
I mean, the goal is to retire in ten years starting from scratch. And that number is assuming you want to have a reliable $80k/yr income without ever depleting your principal.

If it only took the median income, everyone you know would be retired at 35.

The guy asked a question and it was answered. Retiring from nothing in ten years is hard. Retiring from nothing in ten years with an above-median retirement income is even harder. Is that supposed to be surprising?

I’m all ears for your better plan.
The comments here reminds me that post where everybody was saying it was terrible writing and not sure if it even meant anything ; then later came an article "IA wrote an article and nobody at HN noticed" revealing the IA-writing was in fact heavily edited
Location: Georgia

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I've recently built an open-source framework to automate and manage review apps (isolated, ephemeral staging environments). It uses various technologies stitched together including AWS infrastructure, GitHub Actions, and client-side code with Service Workers. All of this is backed with a straight-forward CLI. For more information you can check out the beautiful case study I co-authored here with my two amazing co-engineers: https://stagehand-framework.github.io/. Happy to chat more about this project or any of my qualifications if it interests you!
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Relayr is the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) powerhouse delivering the most complete solution for risk-free digital transformations. We unleash data insights from existing equipment, machines and production lines to improve our customers’ business outcomes. With around 300 employees, we are a truly global family with several locations worldwide. Named twice the hottest start-up in Berlin by WIRED magazine and a winner of The Spark - the German Digital Award, relayr is now part of the Munich Re group. Our IoT platform development is driven by our engineers and built using recent technologies. We value good working relationships and engineers who stand up for their ideas. We'd love to hear from you!

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Any questions? Don’t hesitate to get in touch! julia.rovnik@relayr.io
too complicated.
Lovely to see this come up again. It's really a great time to promote Solid, with the evidence of shady practices at the big corporations mounting, I know lots of folk would like a way to reclaim some of their data.

That said, I feel like the big starting point for Solid is exfiltration/syncing of data between services, and that appears to be missing, for the most part.

Give folk an app that will pull their music preferences from Spotify, and let them try out Amazon or Apple music with the same collection. It's a very simple data set, and a fairly common and comprehensible use case.

Doing photos from Facebook/Instagram/Twitter/etc would be a bigger lift, but not too much different in concept, and I think very compelling in terms of selling the value of the service.
Indeed, I feel projects like this can invest for years on platform, but fail to foster or develop the core useful apps people want to use. Ultimately, if your platform lacks that, few people will invest long enough to bring those apps from third parties.
I've always joked that company software lags behind game development by 10-30 years. One time, in a rather silly mood, I ponder this weird idea to add a game to the employee toolkit. I imagined it to grow just like all in-house developed software and ideally make a caricature of the business process. Then I remember how many people I met and hung out with in online games like Diablo 2. One would stand in town and chat about the game, life the universe and everything. The silly idea didn't seem all that silly anymore.
I have been following your blog since it first came out, Michael. Congrats on your successes. Coincidentally, I also wrote up my 2020 recap today for my CTO-as-a-Service, and posted it on my website (ctoasaservice.org). It was a really strange year. You would have thought that everything would have shut down tight after the lockdown in mid-March, but quite the opposite.

For both of us, we left good-paying jobs in order to persue something that we felt strongly about, hoping to make some sort of dent in the word. Success to your future endeavors!
This is such utter nonsense.

I think parent is just stating the null hypothesis? Why be so dismissive?
Totally fair. He's exasperating, for sure.
I would be interested in principles driven approach with simple implementations in say python vs kubernetes this containers that.
Covid-19: Ghana approves first herbal drug for clinical trial
/sigh 30 seconds of Googling and you can find this from the BMJ

“Around 10% of patients who have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus remain unwell beyond three weeks, and a smaller proportion for months (see box [1]).[7] This is based on the UK COVID Symptom Study, in which people enter their ongoing symptoms on a smartphone app. This percentage is lower than that cited in many published observational studies,[8][9] whose denominator populations were those admitted to hospital or attending specialist clinics. A recent US study found that only 65% of people had returned to their previous level of health 14-21 days after a positive test.[10]”

https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3026
I had to learn some JCL to do the mastering the mainframe challenge, other than the syntax being really odd, its not awful.