skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
the bulk prices developed countries in Europe are paying is still much greater than some countries that have a truly free market system. For example, I lived in Tanzania and all drugs were imported and all of them over the counter. Drugs that literally cost thousands of dollars a month in America without insurance would usually come to around $5-10.

I doubt the American people (or American industry) would ever allow such a truly free market system to transpire, but I know for a fact it can work.

Labor is cheaper in Tanzania obviously, but even if you adjusted for the more expensive labor, a free market system (vs the crony capitalist system we have now) would probably be 10-100x cheaper.

Also, even controlling for median wage, the drugs are vastly cheaper in Tanzania vs America. A median worker there might make around $5-10 in wage, so most drugs for a month supply would be only a day of work. Median hourly wage in America of $15 would correspond to drug prices between $60-120 dollars, much cheaper than most medications without insurance. In reality, it should be much cheaper, as the marginal cost can be reduced a lot through online pharmacies (remember that $5-10 cost in Tanzania not only factors in product cost and labor cost, but a staggeringly inefficient distribution network).

In short, I don't believe there's any theoretical reason why generic drugs couldn't be dirt cheap and affordable by all in a free market system. After all, capitalism has done a stellar job at reducing the cost of consumer goods over time, and medication should be no different.

If everyone could buy lightly regulated pills from alibaba, it would definitely be a win from a utility standpoint. But of course such a thing would never fly, as maximizing total utility doesn't get people elected. Everyone might win except one guy who died from bad pills and the whole gig would be up, even though the total utility function of every citizen in aggregate was being correctly maximized.

The strong needs of the few always trumps the weak needs of the many. If everyone paid one $1 dollar per day in order to prevent one death, I'm sure some politician would call it a massive win, even though that's an aggregate loss of 100bn dollars annually and the money saved generated more utility than the utility lost by that one guy dying.

Unfortunately, human beings are unable to make correct statistical/utilitarian decisions and support so many policies that are a net negative utility wise.
Right but the bank no longer has the money in their account they let you borrow, so one dollar does not become two.
Hedge funds typically buy on margin so when they 'borrow' the 100 shares, they are only required to have a fraction of the amount borrowed in their account (either in cash or other securities) essentially to guarantee the broker doesn't get stuck holding the bag. They have to maintain this margin ratio (i.e. percentage of the position) whichever direction the stock is going.

When there is a rapid increase in the price of a stock they have shorted, they will no longer meet the margin requirements. So they either need to deposit more funds/securities to keep the position going or start buying back shares to get back in line with their margin requirements. However, if the fund is maxed out on their positions buying back shares often just helps raise the price further causing them yet another margin problem... it's a downward spiral. Plus, once other hedge funds smell 'blood in the water', they'll start piling on too (i.e. buying shares raising the price further) knowing that the fund(s) that are in trouble have no choice but to cover their short position regardless of the price. That's part of why you'll see these gigantic price spikes.
Recent studies have showed intermittent fasting can be a major factor in insulin/glucose levels:

https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/intermittent-fasting-sur...
how can you compete with generics giants such as Teva, or even the entire Indian industry?
How to Not Get Blocked on Facebook
CNN is an entertainment network. They don’t need quotes from hedge funds. It’s easier and more engaging to get “an expert on hedge funds” to rant on-air about how mad they must be, and then report on it as if it were news.
It’s laughable that discord does this under the guise of “preventing the spread of misinformation” and stopping the glorification of violence. Presumably they’ll ban anyone playing first person shooters next and any games that aren’t historically accurate?

Stupidest fucking catch-all excuse I’ve heard yet. It would save everyone some time if these services just said, “we’ll kick you off if the mood strikes us.”
It's worth noting a lot of the investors are holding for ideology, so that is certainly not your typical hold. Many may very well hold all the way back down to their buy in.

What I am interested in is how far this can get twisted. Are there more mechanisms at the hedge funds disposal? Will the financial institutions step in at all?
"It's not real capitalism!" is the Right's equivalent of "it wasn't real socialism!".
Powder Game (2006)
Exactly, my take is "use the right tool for the right job"
If you are referring to the issues with Ranitidine, it is erroneous to consider that a generic drug problem. Research has shown that the NDMA is a degradation product of the drug itself and that the brand of the preparation does not affect it.
There's two way this can play out in the end from my understanding.

1. The Hedge funds loses their bets, and some retail investors make ton of money of it. This will happen if when the retail investors "cash out", all the money is coming from the shorters being forced to buy it back at the inflated prices.

2. The shorters will be done liquidating their loss, and now more "little guys" will buy the now inflated stock from the earlier retail investors at an inflated price wanting to "get in" on the action. This will result is something more akin to a pyramid scheme and get rich quick scheme.

Edit: Well there's a 3rd way, though seems less likely to me, which is that the new surge in stock price allows GameStop leverage to somehow become a massively profitable company that actually meets and surpassed the now "apparently" inflated stock price. In which case, all of the "little guys" will win and only the shorters will lose. I guess this is the best case scenario.
Designing Data Intensive Applications
I would tend to agree if the non-sequitur hadn't involved "genitalia", as many commentators have put it.
There was a rather interesting discussion regarding something similar on 4chan not so long ago:

https://desuarchive.org/a/thread/213247621/#213261293

It seems to hate “gays”; what it doesn't hate is homoerotica. It seems to take it's cues more from the Græco-Roman or Japanese interpretations that reject “intransient sexual orientations” as a concept altogether.

They simply want to look at pretty males without being bothered by now having to define themselves with some label that behaves more like a tribe than it does a truly descriptive term.

Most of the Japanese fiction that deals with same-sex love isn't phrased in terms of “It's okay to be gay.” but rather “Love has nothing to do with gender.”.
Even Elon Musk is on WSB discord apparently

https://mobile.twitter.com/elonmusk/status/13542078551094108...

https://mobile.twitter.com/elonmusk/status/13546095155645603...
just because it was held at $6, doesn't mean that is the fair market price. These Hedge funds had significant incentive to bankrupt this company. 300+ is most likely a bubble, but $50-$90 is completely reasonable looking at the fundamentals. And besides, traditional wall street fundamentals are not the end all be all of a stocks value. Tesla is living proof of that.
That is really taking the long route to reach the sinuses.
Tons of new drugs are never even marketed in Canada due to this, or marketed much later.

Almost all expensive drugs end up being on a special permission list, where you must to beg the government for access.

Not any different than dealing with an insurance company, really. At least you can sue an insurer.
So what is the end game. Coz end it will
Navalny Poison Squad Implicated in Murders of Three Russian Activists
If you earn the poverty level or higher (to a point), you're eligible for subsidies. If you're below that level, you qualify for Medicaid, even without the expansion.
> the natural state of competition is monopoly

Do you have any evidence for this assertion?
Biden administration delays Chinese military investment ban
Robinhood to the Moon
I think that is just the normal 'getting older' syndrome. We all just grew up and for some reason life isn't as nice as it was when we were kids and didn't read the news. We now imagine the world has turned dark and evil, but in reality we just all have jobs and the news now matters.
You need unknowable amounts of capital to pull this off. $300 could be $600 tomorrow (as example).
I'd love to see what my insulin levels do throughout the day. I have a lot of issues which feel like they're blood sugar related(extreme fatigue after meals, "brain fog", low energy, sleepy all the time but my apnea and nighttime SpO2 is fine, bouts of feeling hypoglycemic), but every time I've checked my glucose levels they're normal. I suspect I am becoming insulin resistant but I'm not sure.

Things seemed to really go downhill after I tried intermittent fasting(16/8).
Hi Alex, do you have any plans on selling or attempting to get FDA approval for drugs that are used and known to be safe in other countries, such as the UK?

Our daughter has a life threatening condition that I’ve posted a lot about on, a complication from spina bifida where she holds her breath when she gets upset. Many kids die from the condition.

There’s a medication, piracetam, that a child with the same complication uses in the UK. It’s safe and has greatly helped the little girl in the UK. When we mentioned it to doctors we were immediately shut down and told it was impossible to get in the US.

Any chance of the Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drug Company seeking FDA approval for piracetam and drugs like it?
Nice unexpected windfall for gamestop shareholders who just had the stock and had nothing to do with this madness.
It's not really an innovative business model till California tries to pass a proposition in few years to screw over your business plan because it's not "equitable" or something.
How many of these are due to unhealthy American Diets and how many of them can easily be cured by a simple whole foods plant based diet.

There are so many reports coming out now that diet (mostly a whole foods plant based diet) can reverse diabetes and that too in a short time. People heal faster when they remove the root cause of the problem. (bad diet)

https://nutritionfacts.org/2019/10/08/how-not-to-die-from-di...

Hard to believe not a single comment about diet (whole food plant based) from hacker news community.
It's a huge tax. You cant hold that more than a few weeks and you need a huge upside.
Then you should do research before going or accept that it is an unlikely scenario. This is what people do when travelling, especially internationally. You can also select a plan with the most extensive network to reduce the likelihood.
I don't know how much you visited Parler but it was literally the same as every platform. If you don't like someone, don't follow them and block them.
Again one cow does not become two, you just may owe two cows when there is actually only one in circulation because you sold the same one twice.

I guess the talk of creating new shares threw me off this is just IOU’s
> he quant types (mathematics and science majors) thought genius was due to natural gifts; parents and teachers had told them that they’d been born with a special talent for quantitative reasoning.

I don't think this is because people told them anything. To anyone who is good at maths it is painfully obvious that some people get it much easier than others. I started out thinking that people just did it wrongly, but the more I tried and the more I watched people do things the more I realized that they simply were bad at maths. There is nothing I can do for them. Some people just lack practice and motivation, true, but most lacks the brains to do it, since you need to have at least some level of intuition and some level of rational reasoning capacity to get anywhere in maths.

For those who disagree, how do you explain the very large number of people who spends tons of time and energy trying to get good at maths but fails to even grasp simple concepts like calculus? Contrast that with the much smaller but still considerable number of people who aren't really passionate about maths, don't put in the work yet still aces the class? Many on the "nurture is everything" side simply believes that those differences doesn't exist, the "geniuses" must have learned this beforehand or something else silly. But if you are one of those who aced the classes without even trying and see others try really really hard and still don't even pass, how could you explain that without considering talent as a variable? That person doesn't need to be told that talent is important.
If that were true, we'd be able to value stocks simply by summing the expected dividend over the next 20 years. This makes no sense for GME, but, it also makes no sense for MSFT, whose value has more than doubled in price since three years ago with no increase in dividends. It doesn't make sense for TLSA, which doesn't even have dividends and doesn't do buybacks (and even has outstanding ATMs!). It doesn't make sense for GOOG, it doesn't make sense for AMD, it doesn't make sense for NVDA.

Let's assume that you're right, and that nearly every tech stock, automotive stock, and stock for any company the average person has heard of, or is in an index, is drastically overvalued. Is there any event that would cause the value to "correct"? Some shift causing people to sell their TLSA and buy F, whose value is "more correct"? And if not: what makes the value based on this more correct than the value you can access through trades?
> I was able to find a model at about $35/week, which required a prescription (US).

Can I get a prescription at Walmart? Asking because I'm in one of the several states where the cost of healthcare exceeds total earnings.

I suppose it's off to the black market to see what's available - same as everyone else around here.
I think part of it is the trade-off between durability and simplicity. 9 out of 10 users aren't going to be capable of configuring zfs or btrfs in a way that's actually more durable than FAT, NTFS or ext. When corruption inevitably occurs, the average person is much more likely to recover some of their data off of simpler filesystems than complex ones. "We saved 80% of your family photos by running FatFileFinderPro, that will be $250," is better to a consumer than, "Bummer, our highly advanced diagnostic tools say the drive is toast. That will be $250."

OEMs could choose to solve this for operating systems and maybe they do on internal storage, but it doesn't help with external storage, which is once again what 9 out of 10 people consider to be a "hard drive".

Hard drive manufactures therefore have a strong incentive to solve durability as best they can inside the drive units themselves. I don't actually worry about bitrot too much because I assume there's some sort of propietary error correction mechanism at the firmware level. I expect my data is either going to read out flawless, have gaping holes in it, or have the whole disk unit fail. I'm not going to blindly trust that such a mechanism exists, but it weighs into my risk analysis when making decisions on how to best protect my personal data.
Sounds interesting, and I coyld definitely use something better than my filed, chaotic bookmarks to organize my collection of websites. The problem with this though? The same one that so many other systems for long term data organization can have: How do I know your service won't just die or fold sooner or later, leaving me and my organization efforts swinging in the wind? Bookmarks at least are just HTML files that can be exported, saved and imported across all browsers regardless of platform. Simple, resilient and thus robust.
Discretion

* The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) had previously conducted multiple investigations into his business practices but had not uncovered the massive fraud.*

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Madoff
This is a good piece that goes into the complexity of the idea of Genius. We’re taking individuals who’ve had a large impact on society and then saying that this is caused by some hidden factor called genius. We then ask if this genius is present in all of us or can it be developed. Now this obviously has a lot of limitations.

I doubt my own opinions on genius will have much credibility given I’m not not one. But studying geniuses it seems to me that developing an intuition for the subject is what truly sets them apart. Einstein had the impact he did because somehow he knew what areas to work on. In the sea of confusion and subjects floating around at the time he zeroed in on Brownian motion, Relativity, Photoelectric effect and Lasers. Any one of these is enough to go down in history as one of the greats.

I have a friend who’s extremely intelligent. What I’m often surprised by is the speed of thinking. It seems way too quick to be the result of any rational deliberation. Kind of reminds of the policy and value networks in alpha go. Their brains are wired to search much more effectively through the search space.

The other aspect is meta cognition. They understand their own abilities and how they improve . Which means they are able to train themselves with an efficiency we cannot.
Still ahead of pretty much everyone else in the EV market.

Even more when you consider the SuperCharger network as discussed here [0].

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25930253
No, it wasn't called. The broker would inform me, after executing the trades, (typically after the close on the day of the trade) that they literally could not borrow the shares and would send me a 'sucks to be you' message saying I had to close the position before the end of the settlement period or they would close it for me at the market price on settlement day. IIRC, it was less than 72 hours notice and I was given no option for any amount of money to keep the position open. Since these were thinly traded stocks, there were no options available on them so I couldn't keep it going that way either.
What fundamentals?

Retail is a liability, and they're retail that's ESPECIALLY being eaten alive by online.
I suspect that RH drastically limiting the information available to their users is all designed to limit analysis and make people feel more confident that they fully understand everything they are doing. People trade more when they feel more confident.
Mess up cutting your toe nails or not disinfecting minor wounds and you can end up with a serious infection too.
What sort of asshole joins a community as a tourist, and then reports THEM?!

That's for people disrupting a community's conversation...you can just leave.
Except that would potentially make GME complicit in activity that regulators are already making threatening "market manipulation" noises about. Also, if they were to issue more shares, the mere news of this would likely pop the bubble hard before they would realize any gains.
An open source, generic, semantically aware diff/patch toolchain.

This is a fairly big undertaking, including at least:

- A standard for representing and installing grammar information. Perhaps a file in /usr/share/grammar/ for each programming language, packaged in each language's own tools. Since not all languages are context free, the format must support more advanced grammars as well, at least indexed grammars, maybe more. Perhaps grammars should be able to depend on and extend each other (e.g. HTML can have a JavaScript node), perhaps they definitely should not.

- A new text-based diff/patch format that is less line based so that the difference can be communicated on a more semantic level, while still retaining exact reproduction i.e. B = patch(A,diff(A,B)). Add and delete should probably still be the only supported operations, but maybe not.

- A standard for representing semantic weight. The patch operation is deterministic but diff is not, i.e. given A and B, there are many possible patches that, applied to A, would correctly produce B. The job for the diff tool is to find a patch that both is guaranteed to correctly produce B, and as closely as possible describes the difference the same way a human would. Example: In Python, removal of an If condition and promotion of the contained 100 line code block should not be represented as delete 101 lines and as 100 lines. Rather, it should be represented as delete 1 line and delete 100 indents, on the correct level. The semantic weight information that allows diff to choose the best representation in most cases, might be produced using ML. Imagine a collaborative effort to produce training data using commits from open projects, where in most cases a human would simply select the patch candidate that is most easily understood. The semantic weight representation would probably have concepts for other operations than add and delete.

- The actual patch and diff tools. Patch implements only the patch format and has no dependency on grammar or semantic weight data. Diff is where the effort lies. Perhaps some languages are not best served by the generic approach with grammar and semantic weight. In these cases, diff should be pluggable. Perhaps /usr/share/diff can contain configuration for each language e.g. whether it uses a certain grammar and semantic weight file or a custom binary. It also needs some way of detecting which language to use for a certain file.

The vast majority of version control information (including git) is snapshot-based, meaning that among the many possible patches from A to B, none is preferred by the version control data. We are completely free to improve the way our tools select these patches, and it will be completely backward compatible with the existing wealth of version control history. We'd just be able to look at it with more clarity.
The bank has an "asset" in their account that is the debt note from you. This asset has the value of the money you borrowed, plus interest, and it can be sold for that. One dollar just became two. (If it's a mortgage it's called a mortgage-backed security which the Federal Reserve will gladly take off your hands currently. The money they pay is created from nothing.)
Carbs are half black magic and half voodoo.

If you find someone who _really_ knows how they work, pay them what they ask, and keep going back to them...
Annualised? If so, that's peanuts.
Why do you have to diminish your otherwise good comment by advocating for something that is clearly just your own belief? There is nothing special about a whole foods plant based diet, except that it is like infinitely more healthy than the standard American "diet" (or you could also call it "slow and painful way to die").

The problem is that vegan or vegetarian diets will scare away many people for no good reason.

Anyway, if you want something that actually works, look at the AIP diet: https://www.thepaleomom.com/

But yeah in general I agree. It's pretty amusing how the HN crowd talks about measuring and temporary fixes like "intermittent fasting" but not at all about actually ending the poisoning by food... Yeah sure, you can do all sorts of stuff to prolong your life while stuffing yourself with poison. However the most effective way is still not to eat the god damn poison in the first place. But hey, then there would also be no engineering problem to solve and no products to sell, right?