skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Horizontal pleiotropy is always a concern when analyzing MR studies, and I agree that this one does disappointingly little to preempt this criticism. I also agree with your point that causal loops aren't a concern here - vitamin D deficiency was measured pre-COVID, so there's no reason to think that COVID influenced that measure.

I generally question Mendelian randomization (MR) results by default as well, but I do think there is good MR research out there. Some positive things to look for (IMO): attempts to quantify (or at least discuss qualitatively) horizontal pleiotropy (e.g. by looking at known human protein-protein interactions), attempts to mitigate the effects of horizontal pleiotropy through methodology (rare, not sure if I've actually seen this in papers with more exciting results, but an active research area), and attempts to quantify causal loops / elucidate the broader causal structure.

There's also a fair bit of general research on the reliability of MR results [1, 2] which may be of interest to readers.

Additionally, there is a false intuition among people who regularly conduct association analyses but not MR studies that horizontal pleiotropy can only serve to increase the causal effect size. However, this is not true (mentioned in [2] but better elucidated mathematically in the instrumental variables literature): negative results (such as the one posted) can be induced by horizontal pleiotropy as well (of course, not saying that it was).

[1] doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0099-7

[2] doi:10.1093/hmg/ddy163
This question doesn't make sense, both options involve designing the thing.

Anyway, it's not even about designing it. The technology had to be invented first. It would be crazy to use exploding metal drops in a vacuum chamber where you want to manufacture microchips if there were any other options but there were zero options before. There are few applications of EUV in general, and currently only one at those luminosity levels. So R&D is a big component here, not just manufacturing. And even if we only look at the manufacturing part, this isn't some "simple" vacuum chamber gadget either, only ~30 machines were built last year and they cost more than 100M$ each.
For comparison, four of these cost as much as one Wendelstein-7X. This is more of a big, barely productized science project shipped out as soon as it works just good enough for the chip manufacturers.
The advances in LED lighting over the past 10 years is nothing short of amazing. Used to be you needed heavy, big and hot multi-killowat HPS lamp installations for the best indoor farming, but not anymore!

I set up a small experimental indoors farm myself, and I used cheap LED lamps you can get anywhere, three different temperatures, interspersed on a custom frame above the plants.

I realized I know nothing about soil, because it turns out there's more to it than just dumping it in a pot. Soil composition and density are really important, moreso than the pH (that a lot of people focus on) in my experience. I would've definitely fucked up with a hydroponic setup that I first considered. Soil is much better and we really don't appreciate it as much as we should. It's literally the source of life.

These plants needed more root aeration, the first batch was terribly small, but still pretty good. Second batch was much better thanks to a custom soil/pebbles setup (soil in the center, pebbles around the fabric pot), then I realized the lumen output needed to be much higher for perfect results. I wanted to try some COB LEDs, which output more lumen, but I could not find any (and importing would take too long and cost way too much), plus I really wanted to see what simple SMD LEDs could do.

So I trashed the whole thing in favor of custom Tipi style tents for individual plants with the LED lamps spread all around and above. Not the most efficient use of space, but it turned out to be the best for growth.

~2 months from seed to harvest, electricity cost was laughably low (~$20 total per plant) and heat generation was practically non-existent. I also had plants outdoors, tbh the sun-grown tomatoes tasted better, but the other greens were just as good grown indoors.

Still not sure if LED production is environmentally friendly or sustainable, but it sure is revolutionary.
To be fair, a lot of people I know who are outside of stem also don't view non-stem fields in a shiny light. It's not a phenomenal inside CS. We as a society value stem fields higher and pay them more on average.
... and Brave famously migrated away from building a browser using Electron, because of the security-implications (not to mention that Electron actively discourages it).

Building something on top of the Chromium project is pretty different than using and embedded version of its web engine.

In the case of a high-impact vulnerability, for instance, the time between committing a fix in Chromium and the user having an updated browser is obviously shorter than committing a fix in Chromium and making a release, waiting for the framework embedding Blink to update it's embedded engine and make a release, waiting for a "browser" built using an embedded framework to update its dependencies (including the new version of embedded framework) and pushing a new release to end users.
Your recollection is almost close :-). He does mention how testosterone even promotes—a few notches up from "regulate"—prosocial behaviour, but only in the right setting:

"In one [study], under circumstances where someone's sense of pride rides on honesty, testosterone decreased men's cheating in a game. [...] Engineer social circumstances right, and boosting testosterone levels during a challenge would make people compete like crazy to do the most acts of random kindness. In our world riddled with male violence, the problem isn't that testosterone can increase levels of aggression. The problem is the frequency with which we reward aggression."

Behave piqued my interest enough to make me pick up a robust neuroscience textbook. (For those curious, I went with the fourth edition of this one, by Bear et al—https://openlibrary.org/books/OL27999902M/Neuroscience. I strongly recommend it; it's written with excellent pedagogic skill.)
Either way, you're not exactly dicing with death when you eat some lettuce. Sometimes there are outbreaks, but the CDC says about 420 die per year from salmonella, with 26k hospitalizations. That's virtually nothing when you consider how many people eat lettuce every day.
> I think they couldn't really. If you look into modern artists they are extremelly talented and their unique style that seems like _anyone could do it_ comes in later stages in their life.

This is incorrect (although I don't know anything about the artist in question). Contemporary art degrees are heavily moving away from teaching craft or even consider it a valid aesthetic or criterion for judgement (along the lines of rejecting the notion of good/bad/better/worse). Was there any identifiable craft involved in this piece? Did the artists remove from circulation the boxes that weren't broken in just the right way? Is the art more interesting to look about than to talk about? Marginally... I find the pile of boxes sorta aesthetically pleasing, but its not clear to me that was even done by the artist (and not the gallery).

What part of this piece are you proposing that a total outsider/complete amateur couldn't create on a first pass? The form of the glass looks to be haphazard, (ie, unimportant the artist). The boxes are off the shelf. What else is left?
It says this in the 3rd or 4th paragraph:

> It is important to remember that this tutor is set up to teach by use. That means that you need to execute the commands to learn them properly. If you only read the text, you will forget the commands!

And it's free, not 15 USD or whatever this site is charging.
> (Why did 3 other people interpret this comment as saying something about iOS?!)

Because originally, the comment also said "Firefox already works on apple silicon, on iOS".
Show HN: A simple rust library to extract code blocks from Markdown files
When I decided to learn a bit of rust in summer 2020, I thought that it would be a good approach to give something back to the community. So while working through the markdown book "Rust in Easy English" (https://dhghomon.github.io/easy_rust/) I noticed that it would be handy to extract, compile, run and modify the examples. After testing some existing tools, I decided to write one in rust, to fix some of the examples and the author of the book integrated it to test all snippets automatically.
The Crisis of American Power: How Europeans See Biden’s America
wow, he really did get pardoned by trump. that's kind of interesting
I don't know if this is significant compared to other, much more effective measures (see e.g. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541), or other energy wasters in IT (see e.g. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320436353_Energy_ef...).
See my other comment, supra.

There are other constructs that exist in the project management world to model what you refer to. A "manual task" that appears to be part of the critical path, but is in fact NOT, is a time bomb waiting to go off, because its failure to show real forecast information will absolutely lead the schedulers to think all is well when it's not.

IOW, trust me when I tell you this is a bad idea not grounded in anything like project management best practices.
Plants reflect and diffuse most sunlight, and we can make lamps that only emit wavelengths that are suitable for photosynthesis. Doesn't this complicate the model a bit?
Spreadsheets are a variant of Dataflow programming, so however they do it.
Well, from my perspective at least, it seems that democrats are assuming all the hundred or so million Trump supports are necessarily some combination of brainwashed, racist, or terrorist. And this response to the Capitol riot is one symptom of that kind of thinking where the actions of a few hundred people are being used to try to de-platform/cancel/boycott many tens of millions of people.

The whole attitude seems very patronizing and condescending because the reality is almost all Trump supporters are “normal” people that don’t want pointless violence.

This also causes a very unfortunate and potentially catastrophic feedback loop where Democrats project the actions of extremists onto all Republicans and convince themselves that all republicans need to be canceled/re-educated. This, I would not doubt, becomes a sort of self full-filling prophecy of possibly turning more fringe republicans extremist because they rightfully would feel they are being unjustly persecuted based purely on not even the views that they hold, but based on the views Democrats imagine that they hold.
Navalny is an incredible charismatic character and one of the few voices left who are still heard outside Russia (mainly because he managed to stay alive). It's been a crazy year for many but this is some next-level horror: Getting poisoned by the secret police, then gets help by bellingcat with counter-intelligence, chases his hunters and gets one of them to confess the whole scheme on an insecure phone call with a stranger, voluntarily travels back to his home country where he faces likely arrest, gets arrested fully knowing that while he is away his team will also publish what will lay bare Vladimir Vladimirovich's financial network. All during a pandemic when everyone is glued to the news.

It's not the best timing for the release of this and 2 days later would have been better. But I understand his team wants to release this ASAP considering where he is it's a critical and dangerous time for him.

The question is will the West (especially Europe) step up and start sanctioning the individuals in that network directly. I don't think this will happen and I think Navalny knows. A sensitive topic when what enables this are the tax havens in our own countries (Cyprus, Malta, City of London, Channel Islands, Switzerland). Also German ex-chancellor Gerhard Schroeder on the board of Gazprom[1] the moment he stepped back from politics, or the Austrian politician who had Putin as a guest at her wedding[2]

[0] Treasure Islands: Tax Havens and the Men who Stole the World: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasure_Islands:_Tax_Havens_a...

[1] https://www.dw.com/en/gerhard-schr%C3%B6der-russia-germany/a...

[2] https://www.thelocal.at/20180819/putin-brings-cossack-choir-...
Yeah I’m sure it is solvable. It just doesn’t seem like the kind of thing worth doing. But if you told me 5 years ago a first stage booster could land and be reused I’d have laughed in your face.

So yeah, maybe!

Would be pretty funny if SpaceX could refuel a Starship faster than Tesla can recharge a Model S!
Can't agree more. If you are wondering how much main stream social apps are sharing, you can see a summary at this link. https://www.facebook.com/off_facebook_activity/activity_list. Mine has over 2,000 websites that are sharing data back.
It's comparably high-other messaging apps are _free_. Don't get me wrong, this is awesome-I've been doing it myself manually by hosting bridges myself for a while, and it seems like a very nice solution for non-tech-savy users.

But $10/month is steep, given that in practice you're paying that much just for the convenience of having your (pre existing chats) in the same app.

What I don't get is that hosting your own bridges requires the same $10/month subscription. If there was a $2/month fee for "power users" instead, letting you host your own... I would most likely get a subscription for the convenience of using their better integrated software.
F-strings have been around for years and this article is at least a few years old. I'm curious why this is coming up now.
> Fuzzy boundaries are still boundaries.

I wrote "sharp distinction". It's the opposite of fuzzy.

> Everything isn't a uniform blob.

I never said otherwise.

> I don't understand how people can both glorify differences and pretend they don't exist.

How is this a reply to my points? Who are you talking about?
A guy actually used a bunch of FedEx boxes to furnish his house. FedEx was not amused. I kinda remember even the Simpsons had and episode with something similar (they built a fort from UPS boxes).

https://www.wired.com/2005/08/furniture-causes-fedex-fits/
"I" in the title refers to the article author, not the HN submitter, so there's no need.

If you really want to differentiate that, you can put the entire title in quotes, but I think that's overkill here.
That's a good point.

I'll probably stick with unity just because I really love programming in it, but I can imagine some of my non-technical friends enjoying the above engines.
All of my investments are in index funds, 95% stocks. I'm investing for 20-30yrs down the road, so I see no reason to invest in bonds. My house about 1/2 of my current net worth. I keep it pretty boring.
Discussed at the time: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19553941
This really bugs me about Apple. We had the DTK (pre-release hardware for the M1). We got into trouble with an upgrade from beta2 to beta10 and the machine was bricked. Everywhere we turned, we were told to use the developer forums. We did. There were no responses there and I didn't see anyone but customer helping customers.

So, since we're an Apple developer, we decided we would use one of our DTS (developer technical support) tickets. Nope. Pre-release anything is not supported.

So, we ended up waiting for release, bought a new M1 mini and then started our porting effort. Then, we ran into problems and used one of our DTS incidents and we got some help. However, we lost months.
My point pertains to the conclusion the public might draw from the study. Just because Vitamin D is uncorrelated with Covid severity does not necessarily mean that they are not related. Same way Y depends on X but is uncorrelated with it.
I don't know about the app, but you can use Telegram stickers in Matrix - somewhat.
However, it requires a few minutes of work:
https://github.com/maunium/stickerpicker
For video watchers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yz3H6KJTEI0
ysiwb yank-surround-in-word-brackets also does it. If you have https://github.com/tpope/vim-surround/ installed.
I remain skeptical because all practical computing necessarily has finite representation. We don't compute with real numbers, we use floats or doubles of a given precision. While this very occasionnaly leads to weird errors (from the perspective of pure mathematics) it's usually good enough.

Having briefly read your paper I think it makes a mistake analogous to arguments that machine intelligence is impossibly by Godel's incompleteness theorems. Consider the statement:

> This statement is not true if written by xamuel

Despite the fact that you cannot consistently assert that statement, it doesn't strike me as a strong argument against your general intelligence.

By analogy, why don't your arguments in section 3 prove the impossibility of Human General Intelligence? You are replacing the usual meaning of AGI (a machine that can execute a wide variety of tasks in human to superhuman fashion) with a far stronger one (a machine that can complete arbitrary tasks perfectly). A machine that (as in example 5) has an `incorrect' loss function may still be generally an AGI.

I'd challenge the notion that non-Archimedean tasks are relevant to AGI. Here is another example of your non-Archimedean tasks. Pick a pair of integers. The reward for this task is such that for points p and q, p < q if p comes before q lexicograpically, and |p-q| >= 1 if p!=q.
All the complexity is baked into the structure of the task, but it doesn't seem to be a compelling barrier to an AGI any more than the search task "Find the largest integer" is.

I'd expect AGI's to be able to approach non-Archimedean tasks at least as well as humans, but I expect they'd do it in an analagous way -- by loading Surreal numbers or the equivalent into their software rather than their hardware. That is to say, an AGI should be able to reason about these concepts despite not being built out of them.
"commoditization, automation and economies of scale."

Traditional farms have the clear and overwhelming advantage in all three of these. And they aren't standing still either, they benefit from the advance of technology too.
Well, when you get in a plane, would you rather it be the first or the 100s?

There is basically a curve from where its more risk in the early launches and then gets better, as it nears end of live, risk goes up again.
I think generally paying for a messaging app subscription more than you pay for your phone subscription (ARPU) is going to be hard to sell to a wide audience.

https://www.statista.com/statistics/668966/mobile-average-re...
No, it isn't a music venue without musicians.

But the implied flow of money doesn't follow from that.

Suppose I own an empty space with a little stage, a PA sound system, and some 100 chairs. I put a down payment on this place, paid for equipment and upgrades and have to pay property taxes, utilities and mortgage. If nothing happens there, I lose money out of my own pocket. I intend for it to be a music venue. I meet the definition of a music venue owner.

Some musicians have contacted me and would like to have a concert there.

Should anyone pay anyone? Who should pay whom?

How is this for logic: "A house isn't a home without a family! If you want me to move into this house with my wife and three kids to make it a home, you're gonna have to pay me!"
Not mentioned in the article, but with Python 3.8, f-strings have gained the ability to print debug information using `=` specifier.

name = 'world'
print(f'hello {name.upper()=}')

outputs:

hello name.upper()='WORLD'

It's small, but very useful in debugging an issue or logging something to the console.

https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.8.html#f-strings-suppor...
Ok, let's try an example in which this issue is further heightened. Would you be comfortable displaying a swastika in the western world today? That symbol didn't originate with the Nazis. Most people simply don't care about the origin.

Also I am not saying every use is racist or anything that extreme, but it is clear that in some instances there is a connection between this symbol and white supremacy.
>Is there still somewhere on the web, perhaps on Reddit or another platform, where you can find such posts and discussions?

If they exist it would be wise not to link it here, or else the same fate would befall the new community. My advice is to search for a small community around a niche topic (say a specific text editor or programming language).
You can use any of

f"{foo['field']}"
f'{foo["field"]}'
f"""{foo["field"]}"""

(I see from your carefully worded first sentence that you already knew this but still find it annoying, but I'll leave this here for any that aren't aware.)
XPG Xenia Xe (Intel based Gaming Ultrabook)
This is one of the few websites I've seen where such a thing makes sense, imo
It is disappointing Arendt is considered to be some kind of authority on totalitarianism (or worse still: evil). Unsurprising, though: TPTB find her conclusions useful, almost like she works backwards, telling powerful people what they want to hear…

Make of that what you will.
I have heard my share of "at least we aren't Oracle" while I was at IBM :)
This is easily avoidable in python by using single quotes for the outer string and double quotes for the inner string, or vice versa. Or, use triple quotes for the outer string.
It sounds like the real "Lesson to be Learned" is:

"When a large organization makes asinine threats with spurious reasoning, take a lawyer friend to lunch and help them draft a sternly-worded email about the offending organization."

"Mail said letter to threatened party. No further action needed. Go back to solving meaningful problems."
A dive bar is still a place where people pay for drinks, and not for music.

The "open mic" is on Tuesday nights, because nobody goes there then, so there is no harm to the business, and the people who come to have open mic fun might buy drinks.
That’s not how food security regulations work. We don’t play games with people’s lives.

Lettuce has to be hydro cooled right after harvest..45 minutes after harvest. In Salinas etc, it’s done right on the field. It never gets out of refrigeration until customer buys it from store. There is enormous food wastage. Almost 40% of harvest is wasted even with top notch cold supply chain systems.

When the public doesn’t trust the food they are playing dice with every mouthful of food. That’s just not acceptable.

The risk from the farmers side is entirely different from how you consider food risks.
Decay time is a huge factor in selective breeding, and also in the harvest time of produce shipped across the country versus used locally.
I’m not sure what you mean by space or tools. I think someone could see this work as a dig at fedex package handling, but personally think this is a pretty shallow take.

For me it is a window into the world of package transportation that few are aware of. this is probably biased by my background, having worked for a megacorp with an entire department dedicated to packaging design and validation. it even included glass fracture experts that could write 100 pages on one of those boxes!
AddAlign – A white-label teleconference solution for businesses
> Then it switched to being a Chromium based browser in 2013 so they could utilize the Chromium plug-in ecosystem.

Opera switched to Chromium because they didn't consider it profitable enough to keep developing their own engine, and laid off a large portion of their browser developers. It was entirely about money and nothing to do with using Chrome extensions.
Rogue antibodies could be driving severe Covid-19
Leafy greens are the best for these in their current iteration, they can be grown in fairly shallow dirt or even none using aeroponics and grow pretty quickly so operators can get regular harvests.
The very next sentence of that comment referred to the previously linked Wikipedia article with its own citations. You were one click away from being able to answer your own snarky comment.