skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The homepage example confused me until I saw brogrammer2018 post an example link.

I think the homepage should show this link = this set of urls so you understand the relationship and value-add of the product.
I wrote this for Node.js, which is a native binding in C, exposing cross platform functionality: https://github.com/ronomon/direct-io

Although if it's a new project and you're used to C, I would recommend also taking a good look at Zig (https://ziglang.org/), because it's so explicit about alignment compared to C, and makes alignment a first-class part of the type system, see this other comment of mine that goes into more detail: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25801542

Something that will also help, is setting your minimum IO unit to 4096 bytes, the Advanced Format sector size, because then your Direct IO system will just work, regardless of whether sysadmins swap disks of different sector sizes from underneath you. For example, a minimum sector size of 4096 bytes will work not only for newer AF disks but also for any 512 byte sector disks.

Lastly, Direct IO is actually more a property of the file system, not necessarily the OS (e.g. Linux), so you will find some file systems on Linux that return EINVAL when you try to open a file descriptor with O_DIRECT, simply because they don't support O_DIRECT (e.g. a macOS volume accessed from within a Linux VM) so that should be your way of testing for support, not only the OS.
>People from the cities are coming to the countryside, thinking they own it and they can remove any nuisance which does not fit they idealized view of the countryside.

Back when I was living in the South, I remember meeting a few people irritated by the cicadas who were allegedly « too loud ». Imagine that.

>I remember when a storm hit the region, everyone got out, cleared the trees on the road and repaired each other houses.

Was that the 99 storm ? Back then I was in the North-East, where it was the strongest. I saw an old guy walking his dog outside and almost getting beheaded by a rogue steel sheet. I also vividly remember people daisy-chaining 100m extension chords across the village to bring electricity to the side that lost it. A lot of people were panicking because they had four freezers full of meat hidden in the basement, and a lot of them were quite poor and couldn't afford to lose those.
> Actually, there usually are. Physical transport layers run their own protocols and the physical media themselves

Whoosh, you missed the point. The “base layer” of the Internet is the one that allows cross-connectivity of the networks. All of the layers beneath tcp/ip are interchangeable and people will still be able to get on the Internet.

> And while these have been mostly commoditized whoever controls them does have a lot of power.

They were immediately commoditized by design when we standardized on IP. IP over MPLS vs IP over ATM vs IP over frame relay looks no different to the end user. In one minute I can roam from a network based on dwdm to one based on microwave back-haul and I still can connect to hackernews and pull down comments over TCP/IP.

When people want “Internet access”, the vast majority don’t give two shits about the medium, the link layer protocols, or anything like that. They want IP connectivity that has decent speeds. That’s the “base layer” that everything on the Internet is built on. Anything below that is transparently (and frequently) replaced because it’s an irrelevant implementation detail stripped off at the boundary of each network.
https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/nutrientscha...

> It has been adequately demonstrated that consuming water of low mineral content has a negative effect on homeostasis mechanisms, compromising the mineral and water metabolism in the body. An increase in urine output (i.e., increased diuresis) is associated with an increase in excretion of major intra- and extracellularions from the body fluids, their negative balance, and changes in body water levels and functional activity of some body water management-dependent hormones.Experiments in animals, primarily rats, for up to one-year periods have repeatedly shown that the intake of distilled water or water with TDS ≤ 75 mg/L leads to: 1.) increased water intake, diuresis, extracellular fluid volume, and serum concentrations of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions and their increased elimination from the body, resulting in an overall negative balance.., and 2.) lower volumes of red cells and some other hematocrit changes (3)
Assuming every function is called the same amount of times and carries the same cost it would indeed be silly to cut up a system like that. But in the real world some parts of the system are called more often or carry a high cost of the execution. If you can scale those independently of the rest of the system, that is a definite advantage.

For me the antipattern poses itself when the cutting up into microservices is done as a general practice, without a clearly defined goal for each service to need to be separate.

(And by the way, i’ve seen a talk before of an application where the entire backend was functions in a function store, exactly as you described. The developer was enthusiastic about that architecture.)
I agree, hybrid is definitely the best for most companies. Some in-person collaboration and socializing is always going to beneficial, even if rest of the work is done remotely. Having a long commute isn't that bad either if you only do it once or twice a week, so it gives people much more freedom over where they can live.
It's also wasting a lot of tax payer money because road maintenance costs a lot per house.

Overall there is no reason for them to exist unless people pay a massive premium.
> * If JPM goes down for 2 hours it will cause a congressional intervention?*

It will create a crisis meriting Congressional intervention. A hiccup in the tri-party repo market automatically sends, within twenty minutes, a large fraction of the American financial system into default within twelve hours from almost anywhere on the clock.

> That’s honestly really hard to believe and it borders in delusions of grandeur

Lovely.
Vacuum systems aren't bad because they don't remove the oxygen, they're bad because they create a pressure differential that begins pulling some of the aromas out of the wine.
Watchy E-Paper Watch
WHO says it's easily fixed. https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/nutrientscha...
There are a lot of laws and taxes designed to promote progressive behaviors already. They aren’t meant to raise money or because of scarcity. They are designed to coerce behavior. The assumption is that you are stupid and need to be coerced. But first comes the narrative fed through the media.

Examples: soda tax, alcohol tax, tobacco tax, gasoline tax, candy tax, decreased state funding for school districts in higher income areas, state requirements for higher density housing lest the city lose state funding, ban on gas cars, ban on gas stoves, tiered electricity and water costs, elimination of magnet schools.

I would expect far more social manipulation through laws in the next few years.

Here are a few that I can dream up:

- decreased state funding for schools if your housing is below a certain density, or below a job/housing ratio

- make water and electricity far more progressively expensive

- additional property tax based on land area

- additional road tax based on number of miles in an area

- higher sales tax on cars
Godiva Chocolates to close all 128 North American stores due to Covid pandemic
Developers of tools that ignore their users are doing so at their own peril.
I think it's worth being able to work like that, to be fair. I just don't think you should always work like that. My personal computer is "tricked out", for example, but I also know how to use the tools without my custom configs set up.
Nouriel Roubini teaches at New York University's Stern School of Business, that's a pretty solid credential.
The alcohol is great at dissolving sugars that are stuck to the pan -- by doing so near the burning point of sugar, you "rescue" the sugars from burning to carbon, et voila, caramelized sugars. Further, the steam breaks down the cell walls, freeing delicious juices for caramelization and breaking down the structure to improve heat transfer. You can get there low & slow, or you can add a few well timed splashes on medium high for nicely caramelized onions in minutes. It's a threshold game, and the closer you come to burning the pan, the darker onions get. Contrary to the sibling comment, I prefer white so I get clearer feedback about that threshold.
Hmm, I'm not sure. On macOS at least if it is capped it's capped at something very high because I don't think I've ever had an issue getting through something long.
Well leave then. I don't know who you think you are, but the fate of the nation isn't resting on your shoulders, and living in the countryside doesn't makes us lesser beings for it.
There's a difference between religion and church as an organisation with structure. As much as I grew up with catholic church all around and hope it goes down at some point, I don't mind people having the related religion. You don't need any priest to tell you what beliefs are correct or not.
If someone can get by without your technology and access the Internet, it’s not the base layer of the Internet.

DWDM and whatever other technologies are important but simultaneously irrelevant when discussing the base layer of the Internet. Everything online is built on TCP/IP so Twitter doesn’t need to do anything if Comcast switches from DWDM to pigeon carrier as backhaul.
> As a child did you spend 12 years not making friends in school,

Indeed

I never even had a single conversation in school

>since school is for learning and not socialization?

I did not even learn there anything. I learned basically everything at home from books.
> The customer was running Red-Hat Enterprise 5.0, and it was going to stay that way as long as Red-Hat would be willing to support it.

Making the migration when RH stop supporting it extremely complex and expensive, instead of iterating.
Good management will look further than the balance sheets. If the numbers look good, but the company culture is fading away due to employees only interacting with each other through a computer screen, they should be able to recognize that and take appropriate measures. (because in the end that will most likely also impact the business).

Depending on how your company works, the short term positives could be nothing compared to the problems that will arise when everybody becomes an anonymous cog in an invisible machine.
The “simple GUI” tool I keep seeing pushed Maker forums is Etcher. I needed to flash something from my work PC so I gave it a shot- 90MB of Electron bloat, while offering no extra functionality over dd . Plus, dd doesn’t advertise to me during the flash, and certainly doesn’t phone home to balena.

For folks just getting started or more comfortable with a GUI, I’d recommend giving USBimager[0] a look. It does exactly what’d you’d expect based on the name, it performant, and they have native apps. No affiliation, just a fan of a KISS app done right.

[0] https://gitlab.com/bztsrc/usbimager
34.8 people murdered by the police per 10 million residents in the US, versus 3.8 in France, 1.3 in Germany and 0.5 in the UK (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_killings_by_law_enforc...).

It's pretty weak evidence, as the officer in the video is talking about violence during interview, not about killing civilians and I'll agree that these are different things. But it's more than enough to make me skeptical that you should be grateful that you're being interrogated by an american officer rather than an european one...

Very anecdotally, I've watched/read a lot of american news during the elections and the idea that they are "more robust" or more impartial than european news makes me chuckle (at least western europe as it's what I know, and not pretending that our journalism is laudable either)
There are still new Cobol versions being released (I think the current standard is Cobol 2018), along with new tooling, presumably because it's used by companies that care about maintenance even if they are unwilling/unable to switch to a more popular language. Compare that with Python 2 where you hear about lots of companies complaining about end-of-life issues or missing migration tools, yet somehow none of them seem willing to do anything about it.
Those independent servers haven’t gone away just because there are new toys in the box. They are still fast, cheap and ubiquitous.

I’m no fan of PHP or Wordpress by any stretch. But I agree with the pragmatic choice in this case. It will probably only need one dev to maintain the site. But even that would be overkill. You just never want a bus factor of 1. Especially for such a high profile site. But I’m digressing...

But cloud vs VPS aside, I do wonder is they are self hosting due to security reasons. Imagine a bad actor hacking into the WP installation! It does have a bad security record.
> and accidentally overwriting their main drive instead because they mangled /dev/sda instead of /dev/sdb

One trick to be sure that you've typed correctly, start with 'echo':

# echo dd if=xxx of=yyy [enter]

This way you'll be able to check that command will be executed with the parameters you want. Especially helpful if you're running loops, e.g:

# for i in xxx; do echo yyy; done

I would never use GUI for that, as you can't be sure what it will execute, no matter what it shows.
But sadly accurate if you've never worked with a good manager. Good managers are rare, and people who have never worked with one err on the side of assuming all managers are pointless wastes of space.
Reminds me quite a bit of what hell.com used to be, 20+ years ago.
The video hardware acceleration decode is finally in 88. It is behind a flag that you have to enable in chrome://flags, but it is there.
> Previous mainstays of suburban life are now myths: that the majority of people own their homes

Cite? "Owner-occupied housing units made up 60.6 percent of total housing units, while renter-occupied units made up 29.3 percent of the inventory in the third quarter 2020" (https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/currenthvspress.pdf)
"often over $20" is a lie. Fee for the priority transaction (to skip the queue) is $7 right now. It rarely exceeds that amount. You don't usually need a priority transaction when funding LN channel, so ~$1 fee will be enough.
Fast-spreading Covid variant can elude immune responses
The sunk cost is meaningful for a company randomly choosing to switch to work-from-home. However, currently Covid restrictions in various countries have pushed companies to work from home long enough that the leases are running out and they can reduce (or already have reduced) office space without losing any sunk cost.
This is kind of a silly premise considering the massive jump in housing prices in the suburbs with Covid. City core prices are dropping (at least for condos) and the 'burbs are jumping up, even in relatively remote locations.
Most of them... a majority of them would be other people who go to the same places I go.

That said, most relationships in a community of people are going to be at least somewhat superficial, because nobody can maintain deep personal relationships with hundreds of people.

The idea that the whole thing is just a cynical commercial racket is silly though. Building a real relationship with your community is the whole point of small local business. A lot of those relationships are genuine friendships. The owner of my local coffee shop invites my wife and I over for dinner every so often, and vice versa. I had my local butcher over a couple of weeks ago because he wanted me to teach him how to make beef rendang.

Even if commerce underlies the relationship, it can still be entirely community based.
Eh, the efficiencies you describe happen regardless of whether the dev team is full-time or outsourced, and I think there are ways of doing git flows with WP.
"Built for cars, not people" is a bit of silly premise. It's "built for people who want cars, not people who don't want cars".

I lived in Singapore for a while and there was a very strong demand for cars. This is despite a world class public transport system and very high fees/taxes on owning a car. The point is, having a car is a luxury that many people desire. Even with public transport alternatives.
> The prospect of using dd for imaging terrifies me to this day, primarily because you still hear horror stories of people trying to write a Linux installer to their flash drive to try out, and accidentally overwriting their main drive instead because they mangled /dev/sda instead of /dev/sdb.

Wouldn't one (at least partial) solution here be, that the kernel should refuse to let you write directly to a block device in use by a mounted filesystem? (Maybe combined with some special ioctl/whatever to bypass that restriction if you ever really need to.) Then, if you are running dd from an OS running on your main drive, the kernel will refuse to let dd overwrite the main drive, but will let it overwrite the flash drive (which presumably is not mounted, and anyway shouldn't be if you are about to overwrite it)
Email filters are an office superpower.
I disagree with all the points, except (1). If one has a hard time creating a social life outside of work, working remotely is terrible.
I was turned on to this thread, by an HN user. I work for Audi in Germany. The real stats for our hybrids are not great if you compare to newer Toyota hybrids, for example and as far as all my contacts tell me the situation is identical for all German manufacturers.

We are not selling the Audi Q5 TFSIe 55 - 14KWh battery, around 12KWh usable, and (unless you are hypermiling) ~25-40Km of realistic electric range depending on weather - for lowering real life emissions. We do it for 3 reasons: 1) it allows us to mix in "fake" estimated fuel consumption and emission numbers thus lowering the fleet overalls, 2) we also get money from the EV/PHEV incentive programs, and 3) it is an awesome car, it has a great gas engine, a great electric motor, great transmission, it's actually one of the most fun SUVs to drive. Companies lease a lot of these, because the incentives cover most of the price of the lease and the taxes are close to nothing. But I mean we lease these 60K+ EUR PHEVs for as low as 3000EUR per year (limited to 1-2 years) just to get them out there, get the money from the government, get the official fuel/emission numbers into the fleet average, and a lot of the private buyers are cross-shopping, so it's win all around.

But we know from sale time that most private buyers do not have regular access to a charger at all, at home or work. Which is why most of our customers never plug in the car or do it a few times just to see how it works. They are usually charged while driving from the engine at a big fuel penalty. Most cars have a higher fuel consumption than the equivalent hon-hybrid Audi Q5. But overall the fuel consumption for the hybrid fleet (~9.5l/100Km) is lower than for the ICE fleet (~11l/100Km) because of a number of cars which get to drive a lot and almost only in electric mode. Some charge only during the day so at work and very few only during the night so at home.

In Germany at least charging at a public charger is guaranteed to be more expensive per Km than gas for this car. The cheapest chargers are 50c/KWh and I saw some that charge 65c/KWh + 3-4c/min + 1E/h for the parking + 1E one time plug in fee (that's at best 6E and at worst ~12E for the 40Km electric).

I happen to drive one and since I don't have a charger at home, and 2020 meant I mostly don't go to work, my fuel numbers are bad. I charge once per moth, use it in hybrid mode (dynamic), and once the battery is empty it will try to charge it as long as the engine is running whether it's in static or dynamic mode (most people never read the manual, have no idea how to change some extra modes other than the big button in the center console that switched between EV - hybrid - battery hold). And when this happens the fuel consumption just explodes, I'm visiting friends across town and I get there with >18l/100Km even with no traffic (just the occasional light).

Fun car, not made to save the world unless you can plug it in every night. But if you can it's hands down great!
Maybe it could be changed to "Few use case examples", would that be more clear? I'd like to keep it short and clean, but it shouldn't indeed confuse people.
A lot of bad companies that don't understand the value of developing long term assets. :D
I'm not sure about that? Chip-level security functions forcing cache flushes seem like they would be ripe for Meltdown/Spectre-style attacks.
> 4. For a huge swath of Americans at least, work is an escape from the drudgery of the home.

Well for a huge swath the office and commuting is a nightmare. If this question is gonna run on majority vote I'm not sure at all the office will make a comeback.
That works as intended.

What is called AI, or "Artificial Intelligence" should in reality be called "Artificial Intuition".

It is similar to the subconscious mind that is able to get approaches to a solution very fast, but does not give you the solution itself. You need the logical conscious mind(similar to the CPU) to refine the solution.

The logical conscious mind is so slow that will never get the solution on its own, but being so close to the solution it can.

AI 1.0 was about solving all problems just using rational methods alone, like Lisp programming. AI 2.0 is solving all problems by neural networks and training alone without understanding or testing if a solution is right or why it is right.

Real artificial intelligence should be about integrating both approaches. E.g You use intuition to train a network in the English language, but then you use it to develop the english Grammar from it. You extract the structure from the data.
Some of the examples you gave are simply capturing negative externalities (e.g. carbon emissions). Often a precise externality tax is too difficult for a government to implement so a ban is done instead. The UK banned free plastic bags at large supermarkets and it was incredibly effective.

It makes sense for rural and suburban services to cost more in taxes because they cost more for the government to deliver (simple example being a more extensive road network). The status quo is actually that rural and suburban living is being subsidised by government.

I agree with you about the soda tax though!

Edit: I see you updated your comment but I will leave mine as is.
>ACID transactions, validations & constraints

There is no D from the ACID. For the D to happen, it takes transaction logs + write barrier (on the non-volatile memory).
Doing Atomic, consistent and isolated is trivial in memory (esp. in GC setup), and a lot faster: no locks needed.

Validations and constraints are simple if-statements, I'd never think of them as sql.
I don't think it's a good idea to use a program that isn't aware of the device buffer to copy a CD/DVD. Such failures are rare nowadays, but installing some CLI program like cdrecord isn't difficult either.