skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Flags don't have to add an extra implicit input/output everywhere. Both ARM and PowerPC avoid updating the flags unless explicitly requested.

Besides fixed-size instructions and the traditional variable-size instructions, one can do variable-size instructions in bundles. An example would be 25-bit and 50-bit instructions packed into 128-bit bundles, with the remaining 3 bits used to specify all the sizes. (eight patterns: nnnnn, nww, wnw, wwn, nnnw, wwnw, wnww, wnnn) Extending that out to a typical cache line of 512 bits might be better. Another option is to use 1 of every 16 bits to indicate where instructions start.

Where RISC-V got wasteful was the registers. Compilers are seldom able to use anywhere near 32 registers. On normal code, normal compilers seem to need about 8 to 10 registers free after deducting the ones reserved by the ABI. The ABI might need 3 to 5 registers. (stack, PLT, GOT, TLS, etc.) That means that roughly 11 to 15 registers are needed. Clearly, 4 bits (16 registers) is enough. Shoving some of those ABI-reserved registers out of the general-purpose set wouldn't be a bad idea; most of those are just used for addressing.
It might be out of scope, but:

Can you boot from the m.2 SSD?
Do you have benchmarks for m.2 SSD?

This would make my day, as all i know of is some USB-dongled SSD that (back then) could not be booted from. Sry, if this is already standard today, i am a bit out of the loop.
This is hitting a lot of points, without actually offering steps that should be taken, or pinning down what exactly you are criticizing.
If the sun shines sideways then you don’t need mirrors. (In many places in the North, at this time of year, the sun occasionally shines sideways.)
I would add - those are kind of monolithic style app platforms. Big, complicated, installed software.

Most software is services oriented, and it evolves, piece by piece over time.

Is Facebook running any of the same code from 18 years ago?

Probably not?

When did they re-write? They didn't, they just evolved, piece by piece.
That's right, but replicating changes from multiple devices onto one that then runs a proper backup tool with versioning and remote storage seems simpler than trying to do backups properly on each separate device.
I lived in a run down town for a little under 2 years when I was trying to start my career and the county needed a programmer to help maintain some RPG applications. I briefly considered picking up the language, as I doubted anyone else would ever apply, but ultimately never did.
Yeah, Amway and Tupperware are weird. I don’t really get why they have to be MLM. Many years ago, my family bought a lot of Amway and Tupperware stuff. They were high quality wares that can last a lifetime even through some abuse. We happily paid money just for the sake of owning and using them, not because we wanted to “evangelize” and make money off them. We still have a lot of Tupperware from back then that still have perfect sealing capability and remain as tough as ever.
If its has to be a SUV, GM has Supercruise coming out on the 2021 Escalade.
Bill Gates's Foundation Is Leading a Green Counterrevolution in Africa
It looks like the MCUZone CM4 4G mentioned here [1] is intended for just that purpose! I would be happy to try out a chipset provided it's not too expensive, and (ideally) it has good Linux driver support.

Drivers seem to be the dealbreaker for a few cards, if they rely on PCI express features the Pi OS or SoC currently don't support (like BIOS, or sort-of MSI-X support).

[1] https://github.com/geerlingguy/raspberry-pi-pcie-devices/iss...
That correlation exists like you would Not believe. Quite a bit of apparent addiction? Is a conscious-or-otherwise effort to self-medicate when either economic adversity or social stigma keeps the person from getting real help. Or there's those that find these exotic effects helpful, and by accident.
I visited Pompeii a few years ago. There are several small places/houses that have counters with round holes in them. The audio guide mentioned they were likely street food shops, so the existence of street food shops was known for a while now (the title makes it seem like this was the first example uncovered)
I don't think they mentioned the C word once in that article.
Author here. I intend to upstream a patch soon with zsh that restores backwards compatibility with the Thompson Shell.

As for GUIs, while Cosmpolitan isn't intended to write complex GUI apps (since I normally build web apps for that) it still can be used to build WIN32 GUIs. See https://justine.lol/apelife/index.html as an example of Conway's Game of Life built with Cosmopolitan, where it manages to embed a UNIX TUI and a WIN32 GUI in the same binary! Even if you turn the WIN32 off, it'll still run the TUI inside the Windows Command Prompt.

As for breakages, Cosmopolitan only depends on stable kernel ABIs with long term stability promises. The binaries you build will work on all Linux distros dating back to RHEL5, Windows versions dating back to Vista, etc. There's no reason to believe there will be any radical breaking changes to these ABIs. Why is it so stable? Alignment of self-interest. By using canonical kernel interfaces, we ensure platforms can't break us without first breaking themselves.
Follow https://github.com/geerlingguy/raspberry-pi-pcie-devices/iss... for progress. You can't boot directly from the SSD without a microSD card, but it (or SATA support for boot) may come soon... just a question of priorities for the Pi Engineering team.
I don't know why you're taking so much offense here, but this is actually first world problem by definition - it only applies to residents of countries in the US sphere of influence. Everyone else can just ignore any latent US claim of citizenship.
Forward Chaining and Backward Chaining in Artificial Intelligence
Charming country. I visited Riga last year, off-season, after having heard only positive things about Latvia from Lithuanians. I had a lovely time.
Here's the story behind this:

https://justine.storage.googleapis.com/ape.html
Machiavelli's The Prince :)
"As it turns out, the x is y..."

Apparently Apple Store "Geniuses" have a manual that instructs them to use this phrasing when discussing the problem with hardware a customer has brought in for repair.

Not sure why it works, but I've borrowed this phrasing with some success in my work and personal life.

Sauce: https://gizmodo.com/apple-store-employees-arent-allowed-to-s...
Nobody ever factors in damages from CO2. The German government for examples estimates those to be around 195€/ton. That adds about 18 Eurocents/kWh for coal. Its real cost is thus more than double the estimates given in the other comment.
> publicly stating political stuff under your real name is more than just "having an opinion".

You're reasoning as if only "political" speech is relevant, but everything can be made "political stuff". Saying the words "master bedroom" is considered racist now. What will be racist tomorrow? No one knows. What is racist today that I don't yet know is racist? What is considered racist by one group if I say it but racist by others if I don't say it (Silence is violence and all that)?
Presumably, at the earliest stages of language acquisition, the brain is learning to group similar sounds into phonemes. The brain performs a clustering operation on sounds, and needs to learn in a language-dependent way which variations in sounds need to be ignored and which variations are important. For instance, many Japanese and Koreans have a hard time distinguishing between R and L because the range of sounds in English are a single phoneme in Japanese and Korean. Similarly. Apparently also the closest phoneme in Korean to English's F roughly covers the space of both P and F in English, leading to "Waffle" being pronounced as "wapple". I'm a native English speaker and it took a while to un-train my brain to filter out differences in tone in Mandarin and Thai. Thai also has a sound somewhere between T and D that I had always heard as T, until my wife was horrified that I was pronouncing the name of a king as the name of a controversial politician. My Thai wife has a lot of trouble hearing the difference between CH and SH. I remember seeing a public television show where they tested the ability of children to distinguish between two phonemes in Navajo that sound identical to most English speakers. Beyond a fairly young age, it took longer than the duration of the experiment (I presume several hours) for children to learn to distinguish between the two Navajo phonemes.

I'm not a developmental psychologist, but it seems like early on, you're just throwing phonemes at the child to allow them to learn to cluster the sounds so that later stages in language processing don't have to deal with as much noise and variation. I suspect that as long as you're not switching up the phoneme rules on your kid (T/TD/D vs T/D, R/L vs L, tonal vs. non-tonal, etc.), the actual words used early on don't matter.

Again, I'm not a developmental psychologist, but my guess is that before the brain gets phoneme clustering down, there's too much noise and irrelevant detail being passed along to later processing stages for the brain to make much progress in learning higher-level details of language.
Titans of the Tokaido
I feel like the article highlights an interesting point, but stops short of speculating what would happen if the accounting rules were updated? I know in my country, that intangibles are not expenses, but assets. Because that makes them taxable.

If anything, it is a boon for these intangible-majority companies, that R&D can be written off as expenses, because that can make for a favourable tax report.

But regardless of all that, accounting will still be necessary to account for a company's finances, so it's hardly a demise of accounting. I may have misheard, but I believe to recall, that modern companies often keep two accounting books, one for the officially required accounting, and one that - they feel - better reflects their actual financial situation.
>> Perhaps RISC-V's worst choice was the coarse-grained extensions architecture that locks up the most useful instructions with dozens of marginal ones, making them unusable in portable compiled code.

Yes, this is the unintended consequence of trying to combine minimalism with too much modularity. Ironically this ends up with a more bloated core. Or perhaps the modularity is probably designed to provide more differentiation.

Need POPCOUNT, have to implement the B extension.
Need vectors, have to implement scatter gather. Also Can't merge the register file with the FP registers.

In reality what will happen is people will choose instructions from these extensions and implement them as custom isa.

This will lead to a lot of non-portable code. Until some one combines all these useful ops into another standard extension. Repeat.
You are right, the pay is insanely low for the complexity of the task being asked. In my experience, state governments are quickly warming up to paying for this kind of specific help. Although, most plans involve sunsetting the system for modern standards, so it isn't exactly a permanent gig.
This is becoming less of an issue practically with the transition to SaaS (both on provider and consumer end). For the rest of intangibles I don’t see how it’s any different compared to old state. Let’s keep in mind many of these things are also inflated in practice because of acquisitions.
Your 9 Step International Conference Plan
For me the timeframe for life doesn't sound that relaxed.

Getting to complex cells took 2 billion years. And getting to where we are now another 2 billion years.

All that time conditions were fairly stable.

Given that life might need some elements created in supernova explosions mixed into other solar systems, and that we had just 13 billion years since the beginning, when you add some randomness, schedule starts to look tight for me.

We might be one of the first civilisations in our neighborhood.

I'm not saying that I believe that's the case but that's entirely possible.
My absolute favorite of this year is in my native tounge Swedish and is about fires in our perhaps dystopian future: https://podd.app/podcast/p3-dystopia/brandernas-tidsalder

On second place, it got to be Notpetya, by Darknet Diaries (https://podd.app/podcast/darknet-diaries/54-notpetya). Technically released in late december 2019, but I listened to it in januari 2020. It's about Notpetya, the virus/worm that attacked a country in 2017.
When I was doing my physics undergrad, my friends and I would always joke about how some professors (and some papers!) would use "it trivially follows..." in the same way. When an approximation or step in a proof was particularly hairy or weird, that phrase kept cropping up -- and why not? It handwaves away the step while simultaneously discouraging any pesky questions (if it's trivial, surely only a weaker student would ask about it).

Honorable mentions are: "hence" and "the remainder is left as an exercise for the reader."
Could you say more about riding your bike up the east coast? What did you get out of it?
“Developer hegemony” expands this very well.
OpenSUSE Observations and Initial Gripes
Unsolved Murders on the Rise in 2020 Due to Covid-Related Challenges
Thanks for featuring my white paper. Some responses to some of the comments.

"Opinionated": guilty as charged. However, I claim that the opinions are well-grounded in fact.

Deployments: There are seL4-based devices in regular use in several defence forces. And it's being built in to various products, including civilian, eg critical infrastructure protection. And much we only hear anecdotally – that's open source...
Maybe. There's actually a theory running around that we're living in a digital dark age.

Here's how the theory goes. Dark ages (a now antiquated term) aren't defined by a lack of records being created, it's defined by the lack of records making it to the modern era. That can happen one of two ways; either records aren't being created due to the fragmentation of existing states, or records are created but they either degrade or are not readable in the future.

While we are creating records at an unbelievable pace, there's an open question how long they'll be readable. Most of our data is stored on sensitive equipment that requires fairly sophisticated maintenance. So long as our society continues mostly uninterrupted, we can keep adding new data and have it for the future. And while there is some risk of future file formats being hard to read, basic images and what not should be readable forever. But it doesn't take a very long interruption to our social structure for these systems to begin to fail, and left alone for centuries most of the data storage mechanisms we use would lose all their data. Even DVDs break down in a few decades, if we went through a serious civil war or something on-par with the breakup of the roman empire, it's possible that most of the records that would survive into the next millenia might be paper records.
It’s likely assembled on a different module / daughterboard to the main board, I would assume.
Everything You Need to Know About Hitman 3
"I’ve learned that when I have a positive thought about someone, it’s generally worth communicating it."

I've started to do this on a regular, almost daily basis.

If I come across something that sparks joy or interest - usually something I find here, on HN - I reach out to the author and let them know with a personal email.

I also sometimes offer a free-forever-no-strings-attached rsync.net account on the off chance that they would find that useful.

In reality, the Venn diagram of "people who write things that spark joy to the founder of rsync.net" and "people who aren't already self-hosting their own solution " is small.

But once in a while it really makes someones day ...
Yadda yadda yadda, you can skip a bunch of details.
I think you need to look up the meaning of contempt, because the comment clearly displayed that. First by failing to investigate and accurately represent the subject, then by positing it to be useless under supposed and inaccurate hyperbolic conditions.

Unfortunately for you in this case your claim is not supported by the facts.

But i can say i felt it was pretty funny.

I mean ..Wow. I wasn't attacking you, I was attacking the comment. And you could have acknowledged the mistake of the original lazy and skeptical comment, or owned your own inaccurate description, but instead you choose to doubled down and tried, and failed, to attack me. And others. Well played.

The "I can't stand being wrong. Ever" look is not great for credibility. Just FYI.

And you do so, while pretending you are good and see something bad, while I attack comments and not people.

You could have contributed constructively, but you chose instead to bring down the tone. It is your comment that is not appropriate to a "serious forum."

Unfortunately for you, this is not the case. I contributed constructively. Your choice was to project your own intense unresolved issues of feeling criticised onto this unrelated discussion, and are blind to my excellence of my contributions because of that.

So, it's funny that, it's you, not i, who brings down the tone. Your trying to attack people without justification, and make this thread some twisted outlet for your unresolved mess, are your contributions.

It is clearly your comments, not mine, that are grossly inappropriate, both for this serious forum, and for any good interaction between people. For 2021, please reform yourself instead of pretending others are bad and trying to attack them as an excuse to avoid facing your own issues. That will be the best thing for your path and your karma i think. Try to make 2021 the best, not the worst, year of your life.
The year in scam: The coronavirus scam and others
Kind of the „common sense“ part, always prone to be hijacked by corruption
What is the most commonly used computer system today that will be described as “ancient” 30 years hence?
"The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation promised Africa a “Green Revolution” to fight hunger and poverty. It hasn't worked — but it has upped corporate agriculture’s profits."

It's almost like it was always about the profit. Strange
> It's got me thinking of how I might otherwise leverage Github Actions in unconventional ways.

I'm glad! I've been using GitHub Actions for many interesting things apart from building Upptime, like:

- COVID-19 nonprofit work: https://github.blog/2020-08-13-github-actions-karuna/
- Open-sourcing all my life data: https://github.com/AnandChowdhary/life
- Open-sourcing my GitHub notifications: https://github.com/AnandChowdhary/backlog
- Converting all Twitter "following" to lists: https://github.com/AnandChowdhary/twitter-list-sync
- Writing notes and generating a summary: https://github.com/AnandChowdhary/notes
It’s markets. Vertical farming will do better in singapore or China or maybe even India..possibly MENA region because their diet involves a lot more than lettuce.

Altho with the exception of Middle East and possibly Singapore, other regions will be severely constrained wrt energy requirements, infrastructure.

It is kind of a minor tragedy that due to American poverty of imagination and a lack of culinary heritage, all our indoor vegetables are lettuce and all our vat grown meat resembles burgers. We can’t seem to progress beyond burger meat and lettuce even with cutting edge tech.

Perfect day makes dairy that doesn’t require cows. And what is their first product? Ice cream. It’s all very depressing. In 500 years, when we run out of natural resources and when our food comes from fermentation tanks, veggies from vertical farms and is 3D printed...we will all be eating burgers and salad and ice cream.
There is a dc line from east of Portland to near LA, the pacific inter-tie. It was built as 2 wires in the 70s, carrying 1.4GW. Since then, over many changes, it was upgraded to 3.1GW. that involved equipment changes at both endpoints, but the lines and towers are still the same, 50 years later.
Have you ever tried C formal verification tools? Check out open source Frama-C https://frama-c.com which uses ACSL (ANSI/ISO C Specification Language). The free documentation and tutorials are pretty good.
Discussed at the time:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1633802

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1162965
The Army Spent Almost a Year Making Face Masks. That Doesn't Bode Well - What does the slow development of something as simple as a mask say about the service’s ability to do ... anything else?

https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/a35004952/army-fac...
How BanQi Is Fostering a Customer-Centric Financial Culture in Brazil
Read how banQi saw a 22% increase in new activations and a 30% month-over-month increase in MAUs using CleverTap.
No, 600TBW is for a 1TB Evo. For a Pro, it would be 1.200TBW.

Unfortunately, neither of my disks are that big. Home is on a 256GB SSD which boils down to 300TBW. System SSD is a bit older 120GB OCz Vertex 3. This model doesn't have a TBW rating.

As a result, if I don't do anything heavy, it'd last for a century in the best case. I'm not sure about OCz though. It reports 100% life remaining but it's from the skunkworks era of the SSDs so, I can't be sure for anything.

The numbers climb very fast when you start to develop stuff and enter compile -> test -> debug cycle. So, I'd rather have that endurance and use it while developing software rather than eating it while doing daily stuff.
I agree with the first part of your comment, though not the second. From 2000-2013, the share of global energy produced by renewables has only grown by 0.8%[0]. (Fun fact; when Germany started their nuclear phase out in 2011, they replaced the mothballed nuclear plants with new coal power plants, not renewables). There's frankly not enough time to rely on the growth of renewables; it looks like we're stuck with fossil fuels until the bitter end.

Edit: Got the dates wrong.

[0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_energy_consumption
Vegans are the butt of jokes not for their adherence to a clear and consistent moral code but because of their desire to coerce everyone around them to become vegan too.

I have not noticed as much militant veganism in the last few years, perhaps because the people I associate with are older and wiser, or maybe I am just going deaf.
Have you asked him? Maybe he will be happier with a smaller share and avoiding the tax implications.
I think most of today's data will be lost way before then, see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_dark_age

In fact, this already happens all the time when websites go out of business or purge data either by policy or even by accident. On top of my head: Megaupload, Geocties, Myspace, Tumblr and Fotolog have lost massive amounts of data for different reasons.

Also, I don't think most people (non-historians) will care that much about all the stuff that does survive from our time. For example, apparently we do have recipes from ancient Rome: https://press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/233472.html
It definitely is the case.

Science involves statistics, statistics is built on top of of the theory of probability, probability is built on top of logic.

Therefore, for science to utilize statistics, it must assume probability and logic is true.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricism

Examine the quotation in the first section: "Empiricism in the philosophy of science emphasises evidence, especially as discovered in experiments. It is a fundamental part of the scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world rather than resting solely on a priori reasoning, intuition, or revelation. "

The key word here is "solely" meaning that empiricism involves the addition of observational evidence on top of other forms of analysis.

Additionally take this sentence: "Empiricism, often used by natural scientists, says that "knowledge is based on experience" and that "knowledge is tentative and probabilistic, subject to continued revision and falsification"

Note that falsification used here cannot exist without assuming logic is true.