skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> I don't think that a shell should be a complete programming language.

What do you mean exactly? If you have pipes and lists (e.g., the lines on a file) you are Turing-complete and people can and will make arbitrary programs. How would you like, precisely, to restrict the shell language so that it is not Turing-complete?
By that logic, basically nothing supports IPv6.

There's nothing that prevents email from working over IPv6. The sender and receiver just need to have IPv6 connectivity.

Every email provider that supports IPv6 will also support IPv4 (for the time being). To use Gmail as an example:

aspmx.l.google.com. 293 IN AAAA 2a00:1450:400c:c0b::1a
aspmx.l.google.com. 293 IN A 173.194.76.27

There is both an A and AAAA record. You can send emails over IPv6 or IPv4 to Gmail addresses.

Did you mean you can't exclusively use IPv6? Because that is also true for browsing the web - because so few websites support IPv6, a lot of links will just not work.
> "Shell literacy is one of the most important skills you ought to possess as a programmer. The Unix shell is one of the most powerful ideas ever put to code, and should be second nature to you as a programmer. No other tool is nearly as effective at commanding your computer to complex tasks quickly — or at storing them as scripts you can use later."

I'm not going to disagree.

However...the presenter would be wise to spend a paragraph or two about actual benefits. In addition, tell us why I should listen to you. You don't persuade others with subjectivity and finger waving. Even something as simple as "...during my ten years as a software engineer..."

Otherwise, this is more rant than educational. Sorry, but I see this pattern far too often and am hoping to nudge someone here away from it.
It seems like this is a rather simple cipher. Is it? I find it very surprising it took this long.
that one tip about using touch to modify the video file metadata resonated with me.

at the same time, it is a bit of a hack. what is the minimal non-hack version of this technique? seems abstractly like liking a file-descriptor.

thanks for the article. it reminds to get better at awk.
It doesn't even have to be designed. Conspiracy theorists share wacky conspiracy stories, while reasonable people who read reasonable stories just think, "Of course, that's obvious," and don't bother to spread those stories.
As someone who thinks they are pretty savvy with "network stuff", I find the whole thing daunting. But my ISP also doesn't support IPv6 yet either, so I have no easy way (or need) to experiment with it yet.
Dollar limits don't make sense for companies because you can't predict which parts of your infrastructure would get shutdown first. Hobbyists don't mind if everything is turned off but they would still want to keep the stored data. There would still be an opportunity to be overcharged on storage even with a dollar limit.

However, setting usage limits would be a solution for both companies and hobbyists. AWS could then calculate the maximum spending per month that is possible with the current settings. I bet they would never build such a calculator and the necessary usage limits because it makes it easier for customers to optimize costs.
Looks great! How does it handle DNS? One of the things I like Netlify is not having to deal with the DNS headache. Add some magic strings to the DNS record and Netlify handles the rest.
I'm not saying it's a clear conclusion that Google has a monopoly that must be regulated/broken-up. I'm saying that it's not conclusive. The case is strong enough to seriously consider and to evaluate. I think the duopoly of iOS/Android is probably the most serious issue, even more than search. But none of this is simple cut-and-dry.
I'm using Three.

The phone Settings > About > Status shows an IPv6 and no IPv4.

However it's not really IPv6-only. It is able to make IPv4 connections, which rather than going over the IPv6 route, are instead tunnelled to the network separately via the modem and the network applies CGNAT and assigned an ephemeral source IPv4.

I've described some of the NAT behaviour here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25399780

I also I also use Three for my 4G+Wifi home router. That doesn't get an IPv4 at the moment, just an IPv6. None of my home devices can make IPv6 connections over the LAN to my internet services. They resolve ok, but then have no route.

Same applies when using my phone as a Wifi hotspot. The hotspot is IPv4 only, even though the phone itself has an IPv6 uplink.

Now I know it's an experimental partial rollout by Three, I wonder if I'd see the opposite if I swapped the two SIMs.
There are more parallel killers though, the number of school shootings is not exactly going down.
It wouldn't be coherently unixy if it was. Small tools that do a limited subset of things, and reliably take/output data from stdin/stdout is the way unix is done. sh is just the glue we use to tack it all together.

Bash (and other shells too) is like it is, because it's an accretion of 50 years of history rather than a singular top down design.
Cloudflare has free bandwidth, including DDOS attacks.
Stressed banks: evidence from the largest-ever supervisory review [pdf]
No Newegg in my country, sorry.
> What came from those who did this in the past?

You're only listing the bad things that came from people who did this in the past.

An intellectually honest approach would be to look at the net effect instead, which has been overwhelmingly positive.
Nobody is talking about QAnon. This isn’t even about baseless accusations of fraud or claims that the election was stolen. This makes pointing out irregularities and sincere attempts to understand them bannable too. They already removed a video for this. This is a ban on even good faith questioning of anything to do with the election.
If your last statement is true, how come there are companies working on software every day and not getting sued constantly?
Lockdown Critical Left
Can you share how a drop down terminal figures in here as compared to a standard window?
the D614G strain has a loose binding domain in its spike.

this modifies what was a specific key into a lockpick.
this allows the virus to bind to a number of allelic versions of ACE2 rather than one or few specifics. thus promiscuous binding.
Steps to Failure
Im with you (in spirit). But we know at this point how network effects function and thats just not a practical solution. Leaving facebook, youtube, etc.. is similar to leaving your country and moving to a remote island in the middle of the ocean.

The solution is (partly) already here, its called breaking up monopolies which are illegal (and it would be wise to break up oligopolies). For instance YouTube has no real competition. 2000 million users vs what? Vimeos 1.5 million? Tech monopolies/oligopolies will always make the case that there is a rich marketplace of competitors by pointing out small fringe platforms that cant gain real traction but they know better internally and the stats confirm. Dont expect anything to change as they keep greasing your representatives. They spent record money on democrat elections this year and they expect their back to be scratched with lenient H1B visa programs to lower labor costs and lenient marketplace enforcement.
That doesn't necessarily mean they're not replaceable; just that the battery bears load. The engines on most modern motorcycles are structural elements but you can still easily take them out and work on them / replace them.

Of course, the manufacturer could design them to not be replaceable. But it's not a requirement that structural elements are nonreplaceable.
I think that's wrong, though. Through 2010 or so (very roughly) there was still a ton of unmined valued in straightforward applications of technology. I mean, sure, stuff goes wrong and there are bad aspects of culture, but looking at the industry through the Web 2.0 period it was really easy to convince yourself that this was all a Net Good Thing and making the world a better place (and that's true of Airbnb too!).

It's just not as true now. That fruit has been picked. There are still product ideas but they're about exploiting edges of an industry that has real problems, and not about fixing them.

I mean, whether the desire is there or not, the YC model isn't going to fix the climate crisis, or the disaster that the media ecosystem has become, or the increasingly dire level of income inequality in our society. And getting to my original point: pg's recent writings seem like he's made peace with that and is happy just chipping out new corners of the tech ecosystem and not Solving Problems People Have.
It's a bit ridiculous at this stage to suppose that those supporting Trump's coup attempt are doing so in good faith.

If you are not an American, I suppose it makes sense that you are not aware of the current political climate. If you are American, then you've been deliberately ignoring the obvious.
Does who agree? My in laws and parents? They are fine with the distance. I wouldn’t have a problem with my kids living as far or farther away. I have 8 siblings and we are scattered all over the entire country. I’d be fine if my children did the same.
I disagree. There are many problems that can only be solved by a self-funding organization which sells its solutions to consumers - aka a business.

Suppose I would like to build entertaining, educational toys for children. Should I do it as a hobbyist? No. If I seriously want many children to benefit, I will have to get the toys to them, and producing them will take money. Should I get a grant from a charity? No: only children can judge whether a toy is fun, and if I ask charities to be the judge I will end up optimizing the toys to appeal to the charities, not the children. (The same applies to becoming a charity myself, or to asking for a government grant.) Instead, I should sell toys to children and their parents. That way, I may be able to tell whether I have succeeded in my goal.

The market is a discovery mechanism. If you are serious about achieving something, you should seek useful feedback. Willingness to pay is one powerful feedback mechanism.

The list of businesspeople who are genuinely interested in what they do is long. It ranges from Steve Wozniak down to your local bookshop owner. Paul Graham claims that the best businesspeople are always interested.
Author here! Some extra tips for HN:

If you dislike POSIX sh, consider looking at Plan 9's rc before you look anywhere else (including bash): http://man.9front.org/1/rc

Also, I would advise you to learn about these four tools in depth: sh, sed, awk, and make. Learn when to use each, and don't use one when another would be better.
It'll be months before it's available to the general public, at which point any quirks should have been discovered and I'll feel comfortable taking it.

One exception: I read that the Pfizer vaccine can cause problems for people with severe allergies. I have a severe nut allergy, so it's possible I fall into that camp. Still, there are other vaccines on the way and we should know more as they all roll out to frontline workers.
An IT Employee Turned Entrepreneur Set Up a Marketplace for Used Books
endorphin tickles
Cloud providers somehow turned a commodity business into a high margin business. The costs are way lower than you think. The other factor is that keeping customers means more profit than throwing them out, even if they have made a mistake.
I second the fact that Jeff is an extremely mild-mannered and kind (and supportive to young employees) person. If he reacted this way I assume his patience must have been worked to the ground...
I considered, especially since this is a Show HN, to not say anything and let it slide, but considering the potential long tail for negative effects, where web dev circles are already filled with mildly annoying falsehoods and crazy beliefs, it seems kind of irresponsible to opt for letting it slide out of some (possibly mistaken) notion of politeness.

There are some bad conclusions that can be drawn from this chart, if not just downright bad info contained in it, at least in its current form.

For example, if the date labels are going to be this arbitrary, it would probably be better to just omit them altogether.
https://mobile.twitter.com/ScottAdamsSays/status/13374521179...
> A better example of white supremacy is white people in liberal cities taking over the BLM movement and making all about themselves.

Sounds like Earnestness
When I grew up, before the internet, all media was owned by big corporations. They 100% controlled what was distributed.

Now people are complaining that corporations decide that they allow comments on their platforms. Big deal.

I already know what you are thinking: but these corporations are monopolies! Well, it's corporationS, so probably not. We have Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, TikTok, various news sites, etc. Plus we still have all traditional things like TV, radio and newspapers.

If democracy didn't fall in the past 50 years, it's probably not because big corporations decide which information to spread.

All the misinformation that is now out there, spread by lunatics, is probably a bigger threat.
Tessellation Catalog
Is RLCD technology the same as the old "cholesteric" displays?
Are you asking if it is possible (in general) for a program to know how long a second program will run?

see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_problem
If he believed the Princess truly loved him, he'd expect her to point to the door with the Lady behind it. However truly loving her, he would rather die than live without her, and would choose the door opposite to the one she indicated intending to die.

On the other hand if he truly understood the depth of the Princess's jealousy and expected her to indicate the door with the Tiger, he would realise her cruelty and choose the door opposite to that she indicated, in order to forsake her and enjoy a happy life.

So either way he should choose the other door.
Probably the PR firestorm that would occur when the knock off company is traced back to them.
In 2005 we didn't have the cloud, which lets you start a startup for next to nothing. We didn't have Lean Startup type books, podcasts and social media post from insiders which let us self educate on how business and startups worked. And we didn't have hundreds of VCs and billions of dollars chasing the next kid with a hot startup.

It would be interesting to see a essay from PG on why YC is still necessary.
> Politics as most people understand it is the process of deciding who ought to run the government

That's a narrow definition, sometimes known as "party politics". And that well might be what PG was referring to. The limitation of party politics in America, and other places, is that to become an elected representative you need money for advertising, which you have to get from somewhere, e.g. donations. These usually come with the expectation of a quid pro quo; oil companies want pipelines across the commons and lax pollution laws. They get these by buying politicians.

And so there is a contradiction in a "democracy" like the USA whereby votes are in the hands of the people, but the ability to stand for office is in the hands of the financiers. It leads to a duplicity, which is possibly why PG describes "politics" as anathema to earnestness.

But politics is more than that. Politics is who gets what, when where and how. It exists in classrooms and workplaces, and cars full of screaming kids on a hot day.

It most certainly exists in the competition to have ideas funded by VC. So, in fact, PG is a skilful politician. He just practises his craft outside of party politics.
Years ago I used to have an IPv6 tunnel provided by SixXS. That let me get my feet wet by moving to v6 capable hosting and being able to send traffic to my website over the SixXS tunnel.

At this point, though, you may be able to find an IPv6 capable ISP and just switch to them. Your phone might also have IPv6 too, especially if it's 4G/LTE.

Any amount of exposure is better than none. If you're using AWS, I can help you setup IPv6 in your VPC and use it with EC2 which can let you get some first hand experience. My email is in my profile if you want to take me up on that offer.
I have solved this kind of attacks with redis + app modification to count requests per ip per minute and auto add iptables rules to ban the offenders ip and deban it after xx minutes. Iptables rules are then synchronized to my fleet of front end servers.

I noticed Cloudflare is doing the same but 1 level deeper with XDP drop: https://blog.cloudflare.com/how-to-drop-10-million-packets/
YouTube has stated they will ban content, no exceptions, that contains skepticism in the 2020 election, and they've started doing so. If you can't recognize this for what it is, it's not my problem personally, but it will soon be all our problem if enough people like you are willing to tolerate it.

(And yes, before you construct a strawman response, YouTube is within their rights to do this. But that has nothing to do with if it's something we think is morally correct to do, nor how we should think about the second order effects of doing so, and the dangerous precedents it sets.)
Thank you for taking the time. Regardless of what tools we choose ourselves I think it's very valuable to know what features are available and appreciated elsewhere. IDEA certainly has some impressive features.
Zodiac Killer's Cypher Cracked
Yeah, Perl started out a bit like this. I never adopted it for myself or my company, but I did get a chance to have lunch with Larry Wall and talked to him about Perl. This was back when Perl was quite a young and promising language for a certain class of problems.

Perl had very good performance, despite being a "scripting" language, because so many of the tasks that a typical shell script might need to do were supported by built in features in the language (for example handling regular expressions, interacting with command line arguments, exec'ing other programs).

Today, once a shell script requires very much logic, I'm inclined to use Python. I know Python and find programming in it easier than Perl and bash and other shells. Furthermore, other programmers understand Python better than bash.
Taking aws for example, the interface for the site is quite good overall with the suspicious exception of the billing pages, which are completely mysterious and unusable. What a weird coincidence, not a dark pattern at all
One of the best things (in my opinion) shells could have done is do newline separated filenames instead of spaces, which would make filenames with spaces much easier to handle (you can have newlines in filenames, but in this magic world let's ban those).
People who want to shoot me for being "liberal" are not as good as people who don't want to shoot me
Of course it seems easy after they tell you how its done.
I asked specifically for things that have gotten better.

The lack of people being able to answer yet type multiple paragraphs in response is extremely telling. If you can't even explain how quality-of-life has improved for yourself then what argument is there?
Walt Disney World digitally adds masks to guests not wearing them in ride photos
The Big Moves: Where People Are Moving
Apple's New Map Expansion #10: Canada
There are many ways to be deeply evil, in some sense it’s just chance which style of evil any particular person grows attached to.
> What about prepaid credit cards with payment limit? If the payment failed the service will be terminated?

Never used one for this purpose but since billing happens after the fact (and monthly), AWS won't be aware of the limit until after the monthly billing occurs. They’ll just tell you the card failed and you have a billing liability to take care of (and give you some time to fix it) while still letting you rack up additional debt with services running after the billing fails; they definitely won't cut you off when you've reached the level that would meet the limit on your card (and couldn't even in theory without realtime notification of other charges against the card, even if they were inclined to.)
As an aside, love your Lincoln, Hamilton, Jackson pricing plan, super creative!
Can’t you just stop spinning up new services and suspend running ones including connections and db accesses? Start with bandwidth?
Several comments here make me want to reply with Steve Jobs email to Gawker reporter:

“By the way, what have you done that’s so great? Do you create anything, or just criticize others work and belittle their motivations?”
I've been trying to build a computer with a single principled HLL included that can also double as a shell. There's also http://www.oilshell.org which _also_ tries to be compatible with existing shell. It also tries to include features from awk and sed: https://www.oilshell.org/blog/2016/11/13.html

If these design points turn out to be over-constrained and have to make major compromises, yes the next thing I would try would be a small separate language for shell.
I've been using webpack since v1 and I can't recall having to open pull requests when periodically upgrading it, or its plugins. Webpack 5 + html-webpack-plugin are kind of a mess right now, though. Webpack, in many use cases, needs html-webpack-plugin but there is only an alpha release supporting v5.

The release was rushed by community pressure, and now we have a half-baked upgrade strategy. I would've happily waited another 6-12 months before v5 was released to get major plugins ready first.
I don't think the essay argues that being earnest is sufficient to get very rich.
Because an object's colour is more likely to be a permanent, intrinsict part of the object; its age is going to change (all the time!).
That would pose problems also. The real solution, with no need to magic as you say, is to disallow spaces at the filesystem level (just like slashes and the null character are forbidden). For users typing filenames, this shouldn't be a problem, as those can be encoded e.g., as unicode's non-breaking space. Using space as a separator is a very important power, that other programming languages share. In what other programming language can you put spaces in variable names? In the shell, filenames are variable names! It is only natural that a space cannot appear inside a filename (but of course, most other unicode characters can).
Virtual Choir Syncing, Mixing and Rendering Tools
Also, even if he composed the music, that's no guarantee that he owns the copyright.

If the copyright be transferred to the label, then his legal rights to stream it are potentially no more than that of any other person.
Misinformation is more akin to me saying that I want gcc to ship my malware. No one is saying you can’t ship malware, but gcc doesn’t have to be your vehicle.
> but it isn't a desirable method.

Nobody said it was a desirable method. But I did assert that past infections does reduce the doses you need to give to reach herd immunity, which is a point you seemed to argue with.

We'll likely be at >70M natural infections before vaccination efforts hit full steam in mid-January. This is pretty close to the lower end of where models predict herd immunity effects (not ~60% because of non-uniform contact graphs and susceptibility). You don't need a whole lot of vaccination tacked on top of this to start to tamp things down, even though A) some of the vaccinations will be wasted, and B) the vaccinations will not be as "on-target" to break important links in the graph as infection itself is.
There is a strong deluge of propaganda to make people believe that there is this sudden migration surge from California and New York to Texas and Florida. But people have always been leaving CA and NY—as people are also always moving to CA and Texas all the same.

A better statistic to take into account is net migration.
Why the Left Should Oppose Lockdown – Lockdown Sceptics
We have officially entered the age of distrust.
Scientists suggest US embassies were hit with high-power microwave weapons