skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This is an excellent point regarding a critical geopolitical matter. In some ways, it's not unlike the space race, or the race to acquire nuclear weapons. The nation that controls the most advanced chips can make the most advanced weapons and hold sway over the rest of the world.

One aspect that is less explored is the actual depth and breadth of the semiconductor supply chain. Moreover, that supply chain is bound with technical expertise at every level. You may have the fastest car at Le Mans, but you're not going to win without the best driver.

Chip design starts with design software. The most sophisticated software is made in the US. To use it, you need a variety of highly experienced designers of the right ilk (think neurosurgeon vs. cardiologist), supported by program management, organizational management, test and validation engineering and other disciplines. This synthesis of expertise and tools and equipment has to be at the highest level of capability all the way up and down the supply chain before you can get a 7nm chip to boot up.

Additionally, there are about 40 different types of process equipment used in chip fabrication. Every one of them requires dozens of product development engineers to design and build. Those teams rely on decades of both personal and organization experience to build on before they can produce tools that can, for example, apply a material like, say, tungsten, to a 12" slice of pure silicon in a layer that can be precisely measured in atoms, uniformly, across the 'wafer'.

Of all the 40 process tool types, the most complex work of science is the lithography tool made by ASML in the Netherlands. This thing produces the light needed to print the chip circuits at 7 nanometer geometries by emitting droplets of molten tin into a vacuum chamber and hitting the droplets with a 25,000 KW laser that vaporizes the tin and produces the light. It fires at 50KHz[0]. ASML has spent more than 20 years, employing 100s of engineers and scientists, in order to produce this wonder. There is no company (and certainly no government) on Earth that can catch up to ASML in any reasonable amount of time.

Next in the chip production chain is called 'Assembly' where the wafers are cut into individual chips and packaged into what you'd recognize. That node in the chain has it's own set of non-trivial equipment and expertise.

All of this is to say that there are vulnerabilities all up and down the supply chain, bouncing all over the planet. No one country has the technology to build state of the art chips from both the supply chain and expertise standpoints all within its own border. As soon as a nation has a deficit of one aspect of the overall technology required, that nation is no self sufficient.

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIiqVrKDtLc
Firefox 84.0b6 & Win10 19041 - both x64
I am not sure if they always had it but, by default you cannot access options trading.

You have to seek it out, read a short document then click "Yes" or something similar.

To get margin trading you again have to seek it out and know specifically what you are looking for and pay them $4.99 / month.

I am not sure if they always had those behind opt-ins but I can't imagine a platform allowing margin trading on free accounts.
I think IBM/Red Hat know someone will fork and carry on with CentOS under a different name. They just won't be paying for it.
> Opensuse Tumbleweed -> Leap -> SLES -> SLES with LTS

Almost right :)

Leap is the fixed point release, based on SLE. SLE is rebased on Tumbleweed every 3-4 years.
You can try: https://hnrss.github.io/
I think a couple of Macintyre's other works even top The Spy and the Traitor in terms of "craziness". Particularly Agent Zigzag and Operation Mincemeat (out of those I've read). They're both thoroughly worth a read if you enjoyed this one.
Oh, I totally scanned passed "Keep" in your comment. The mobile web version of that does indeed seem a bit rough. It's been a while since I worked at Google but when I did, Keep was a one-engineer project so the amazing thing is it exists at all.
Easier said than done, but CentOS's original developer is giving it some thought.
It sounds like the same toxic middle management which she, and others, took issue with was aware of her attempts to contact Musk and leaned on HR to have her removed.

Likely Musk got her communications and asked her management if there was any merit; and if he had indeed done this, it would be contradictory to his previous communication encouraging employees to go around their management.

If they needed to go around management then likely going through management is not the correct response.
Hm. I did look this up, I could've sworn they had it longer. It looks like fractional shares released in Dec 2019.

https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2019/12/12/fractional-shares...
> Which is directly at odds with needing TLA+, because if you do need it, it means the complexity of the algorithms is so great, that you won't be able to keep them in your head and understand every aspect of their performance to make something work well.

Having used TLA+ for years, I would say it's the exact opposite. All bugs happen due to someone believing something is simple enough to work out in their head while it actually isn't. So if your judgment about what you can keep in your head is good, you never have any bugs and you really don't need TLA+. But if you do happen to have bugs occasionally, then your belief about how much you can keep in your head is sometimes wrong. TLA+ is a very quick way to write down what's in your head so you can think about it more rigorously. Surely, if you can truly keep it in your head, it should be easy for you to write it down precisely. And just in case you're wrong, there are tools that can check if you're right, just to be extra sure. In short, TLA+ helps if you ever have bugs. It doesn't help if you never do.
I worked in defense for a while. Every DoD contractor is locked to RHEL version that their DoD targets use as end users. But they don’t need to pay for RHEL support currently because they all just use CentOS instead. This forces all of those companies to finally pay up, which they will def not be happy about.
It can work if it's countries who build a company together, like European countries created Airbus for example.
> if you give your secret sauce away for free, and it gets popular enough, cloud providers will inevitably spin up competitive services using your very own code against you.

For some reason, the author never mentioned AGPL. What's wrong with using this license if you want to defend your open-source business model?
Quickstart for GitHub Discussions
The Making of McKinsey: A Brief History of Management Consulting in America
The article suggests she was fired because she asked for a meeting with Musk about floor mats after failing to get the proper response from the regular chain of command. In my experience, everywhere I worked had a chain of command and consistently stepping outside the chain of command and going over your managers heads rarely leads to good results.

From an article mentioned in the LA Times article

> She considered leaving Tesla, but fellow engineers convinced her to stay. “I promised them I [would] get to Elon one way or the other,” she wrote, “even if I [had to go] to the Supreme Court.”

I would understand from a corporate perspective Tesla wanting to remove this person. A company, especially one on the brink of bankruptcy as Tesla was in 2014 has to have a high degree of cohesion and minimal dissent from employees.

> Instead, Balan said, she was forced to resign, an event that launched a six-year legal journey leading to where she is today: about to face off against Tesla — on her own, without an attorney — in the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals.

I can't understand how someone can be let go from a company and make it their life's work over the next 6 years to grieve and fight publicly. Right or wrong, it seems like an utterly destructive process on the personal level.

> Balan says her professional reputation suffered damage so severe she can’t find a company willing to hire her. “They tell me, ‘We’d like to hire you, but we can’t afford to be on Musk’s blacklist,’” she said.

Employers aversion to hiring Balan may have to do with her lawsuit, at least a little bit
Compressed Overlap Index
> Copy pasting these components is not an option for us.

Uhhh...why not? Have a repo with your versions of components if they're the exact same from project to project, and import them.
Matt Levine expressed this perfectly back in April

The weird thing about the coronavirus crisis is that it simultaneously (1) caused a stock market crash and (2) eliminated most forms of fun. If you like eating at restaurants or bowling or going to movies or going out dancing, now you can’t. If you like watching sports, there are no sports. If you like casinos, they are closed. You’re pretty much stuck inside with your phone. You can trade stocks for free on your phone. That might be fun? It isn’t that fun, compared to either (1) what you’d normally do for fun or (2) trading stocks not in the middle of a recessionary crisis, but those are not the available competition. The available competition is “Animal Crossing” and “Tiger King.” Is trading stocks on your phone more fun than playing “Animal Crossing” or watching “Tiger King”? [..] I gather that for some people the answer is yes.

If you believe the boredom thesis of the current retail rally, that is good news, because that thesis is basically countercyclical: The worse the economy is, the more bored investors will be. If stocks sell off because the coronavirus crisis is longer and worse than expected, there will be even fewer entertainment options and more people will turn, in desperation, to buying stocks on their phones. If someone finds a magic cure for the virus tomorrow, stocks will rally and all the new retail investors will happily sell into the rally at the top and go back to their other, more entertaining, entertainments.
Exactly this. You can produce software that is compatible with a RHEL version without paying for RHEL if you’re not even using it
Probably the biggest takeaway is, in jurisdictions that permit it, "record all your conversations at work, encrypt them, and hope you never need them."

She would be in a totally different situation if she had a tape of Tesla's AGC threatening her friends through their immigration status. That is straight up mafia tactics.

Brings to mind this case [1].

[1] https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-echochambers-29388019
A few examples: HN vs Reddit (https://treo.sh/sitespeed/news.ycombinator.com/vs/www.reddit... AWS vs GCloud vs Azure (https://treo.sh/sitespeed/aws.amazon.com/vs/cloud.google.com... Twitter vs Facebook vs Tiktok (https://treo.sh/sitespeed/twitter.com/vs/www.facebook.com/vs...)
Healthcare, sure- but what about reasonable housing prices?
I don‘t like the vibe of your comment, but you are probably right...
I think focusing on losing weight is a trap too many people end up falling into. It's just a number. You can lose weight by chopping off a limb or two. Weighing yourself every single day isn't too useful either, because water weight can fluctuate too much from my own experience. On the other hand, gaining muscle weight is something to be happy about for most people, so it's counterintutiive if you're busting your ass training thinking you're going to lose weight and end up gaining or reaching equilibrium by losing fat and also gaining muscle at the same time. A more meaningful goal would be aiming to lower bodyfat percentage, which is what most people are actually after. But most people don't learn to measure bodyfat percentage at home. A scale is just the easiest way. I say, throw away the scale. My mindset is that I'm working out is becuase I'm trying to become stronger, and so that my body can handle more work. This way I can do more things that I enjoy doing. I try to eat healthier because it just feels good. Sometimes I may not eat as healthy, because that felt good at the time. Making skillful use of cheat days is important, because if you burn out and quit training or dieting, it's downhill from there. My philosophy on diet is that, having special days to enjoy not so healthy, delicious food makes that food even more enjoyable compared to eating that way everyday and feeling like crap.
Can anyone recommend a good primer on the semiconductor industry - background, history, players, trends, view on future state?
AWS Proton Is Conway's Law-as-a-Service
I did 30 Customer Interviews in 3 Months
Ahh okay, I can see how I didn't communicate myself clearly in initial message in the thread.

I was trying to point out this isn't different from a security perspective. Yes the rest of the distro is going to almost reach a rolling state which is definitely not something I want in production.
What the hell do you people think Chicago is? It's not 1929 anymore.
Show HN: Run containers in a queuing system (rootless Podman over SSH)
> yes Elon, US workers expect to be treated like humans

They just don't expect the non-US workers that make their iPhones to be treated the same..
That’s another of the possible explanations. That value companies are usually more debt-ridden and in declining industries and are thus higher risk. Although one way to measure risk is std. deviation (volatility), and while smaller cap stocks are considered “riskier” and they have higher std. deviation, value stocks don’t have meaningfully higher std. deviation.
I just meant legal systems as exist in developed democracies but that's more long-winded and potentially open to red-herring discussions on which countries are democratic etc.
https://docs.nats.io/nats-streaming-concepts/intro

https://github.com/liftbridge-io/liftbridge
The fact it was banned for a while is also a fairly good indicator that there's something in there worth reading.
> My understanding is that the master encryption key does not exist on the device in non-volatile storage, but rather is computed by combining a secret key (I guess you could call this a “salt”) stored in the secure enclave with the user’s passphrase. When you start the device and authenticate, this derivation happens, and then the derived key is kept in memory and it’s only software keeping an attacker out.

Sorry yes I sort of glossed over this part and some other parts in my explanation.

> If the locked state without a derived key loaded is as secure as it theoretically should be, doesn’t that mean recovering data off the device without uncapping (or similar) requires correctly guessing the passcode in however many master key derivation attempts the secure enclave is configured to allow before it wipes the secret key and renders the stored data useless?

You are correct. As pointed out below, this also assumes there is no vulnerability in the enclave. Having a secure passphrase with a secure key derivation function provides a more secure foundation however, because even having unlimited guesses means you are still down to the original brute force.
In a real sense, yes. Once it's deployed, it incurs costs, like a debt.

Reminds me of:

> My point today is that, if we wish to count lines of code, we should not regard them as “lines produced” but as “lines spent”: the current conventional wisdom is so foolish as to book that count on the wrong side of the ledger.

-- Edsger W. Dijkstra
Do you have children? I am finding it difficult to make time to even read my newspapers.
What are some other examples of how well they work out? Paid holiday? Days off? Working environments that weren't deathtraps? Sounds pretty good to me.
Right. The sed -i option is incompatible between MacOS & Linux, and it isn't in the POSIX standard. The POSIX folks don't want to add it because it's possible to do work without it, even though no one wants to. Maybe sponge should be in the POSIX standard.
It's not intentional sabotage; it's positive feedback loops.

Using Chrome, your tooling experience developing software at Google is, maybe, 1% faster. Some of that is core (TBH, FF's engine is old and creaky and webkit-derived browsers out-perform it on all kinds of metrics, though FF has significantly closed the gap). Some of it is that teams develop for Chrome first, because it's the first browser shortcut available. Plus, Chrome has all kinds of extensions built in-house at Google to make your life easier, and those have to be rewritten from scratch if someone wants them for FF also.

So now when you're doing UI development and testing it, your first testbed is always Chrome, because it's what you're using as a developer. So bugs always get seen first in Chrome, and only seen in FF if your team has acceptance testing requirements or you happen to have a team member who uses FF. So the gap widens: now using Chrome in Google is, maybe, a 5% better experience, because you're that much less likely to hit bugs the developing team hasn't hit yet. And th positive feedback loop continues.

The only way I'm aware of to stop this is to force teams to put half their engineers on using FF as their primary browser, and I've never seen a team willing to do so.

FF has die-hard supporters inside Google, but few are so die-hard they're willing to intentionally slow down their own development velocity by using a less-supported browser. Google's too competitive to incentivize that.

(Note: this applies to bugs that crop up between OS platforms also, because that happens---sometimes, the details of Chrome on MacOS surface a bug that never shows up on Linux. Some teams do require one engineer at least to use Mac, because the MacOS userbase is big enough that there's financial incentive to not break it. FF has like 5% market share; there's no such incentive there).
Whatever works for you, man. I honestly enjoy having docker images instead of zips and bash scripts, but I see where you're coming from.
You're misunderstanding the problem. If I press "buy now" and it says "success", I don't want to receive an email later saying "oops, we didn't actually have any in stock, we'll send you a refund" because another order was sitting in a queue. That's the failure mode here. The staleness of what's in the browser is an orthogonal concern unrelated to the database or use of Kafka.
YouTube bans videos claiming Trump won
Unions can be useful for industry specific protections or benefits. This would provide different protections specific to a type of work.

I think arbitration protections and restrictions on employment contracts to preserve employee rights should be handled through legislation since it should be universally applicable to all workers. This would remove the variance in protections from one union to another.
Ha, I actually associate Netflix with the opposite, killing their best works before they come of age.

Non-fiction books are terrible for this though, there's often a few brilliant pages buried in hundreds of pages of filler. Fiction (ironically, as a deliberate consumption of free time) is often not nearly as bloated.
A good rule of thumb: if the union is so large that it has enough bureaucrats that they have their own Union, then it's likely most of your dues are spent on propagating the Union bureaucracy and not necessarily on aiding the employees the Union represents.
Mapbox releases Mapbox GL JS v2 under a proprietary license whereas v1 (presumably) was under an "open core" business model. (Mapbox v1 and v2 are graphics card enhanced mapping libraries?).

The author of the article's thesis is that this is "an end of an era" of Open Core business models (putting core technology under a free/libre licensing and charging for extra proprietary features).

I'm very curious as to what other people here on HN have to say about it. Gitlab, a prominent company that follows an Open Core model, is a YCombinator alum, no?
‘Battle for Middle-earth’ exposed the stresses of game development
Well, my intent was to roughly chart the supported timeframe and expectations of each, not the flow of code through them.
That SLE gets rebased from Tumbleweed directly every 3-4 years justs showcases my second point from before:
SLE bumps major versions of packages between minor SLE versions.
> The fact that i need to see a cute-dystopian loading animation for 2 seconds each time i reload the page is incredible.

They did the same thing for GC UI. They think it tricks the user into thinking it's fast, instead of making it fast.
Some of them are portable between banks, at least where I live (Italy). Anything I authorize to be paid for automatically (usually periodically) from my bank account can be ported to another bank (utilities, etc.). I give the authorization to the new bank and they do the work because it's in their best interest. I expect this to work in most of the EU and/or the SEPA area because the regulations and the tools are the same.

Handling periodical billings on my credit cards is probably a pain, I'd have to go through all those services and update them. It would be nice if VISA or MasterCard would do that for me. Luckily all those services send me mail when my credit card expires and I get the new one.
Of course the United States is not perfect. Regardless, the vast majority of Americans will be protected because they will not run into any national security issues.

The criticism of China lays squarely at CCP and their abuse of power. My original comment is pointing out how the CCP uses data to oppress minorities. The equivalent would be Trump forcing Facebook and Google to turn over their data so he can go after Blacks and Mexicans.

I agree that companies in the US has too much power in what they can do with personal data. This needs more scrutiny.
> and all the old people died.

California is a geographically large state, but the bulk of the population lives in dense coastal areas. Given that, you'd expect California to have a very high death rate from Covid. But it's actually ranked 38th on a per capita basis (where higher is better), right behind West Virginia.

California has about half the deaths per capita as Florida does, another warm climate, fairly dense large state. It has a quarter of the deaths per capita as New Jersey, the densest state.

San Francisco has one of the lowest rates of any city in the country, despite being the nation's second most dense city.
Wix is perfectly usable as long as you limit the number of components on the pages, especially if those components are not static which you clearly make a lot of use of.

Your usage and content has probably outgrown Wix unless you plan to simply the structure a bit.
> Yeah, please don’t; this is an abomination that’s fun for demonstrating and teaching how these things work, but should absolutely never be used in reality.

Would you say the same about taking a browser -- which was designed to be a document viewer for researchers -- and turning it into an entire application execution platform like we have now?

Point is: It's silly to say things like this, because this is how innovation happens.
Maybe an expert in the history of "civil law" will chime in, but my guess is that the "spirit of the law" principle has been in the legal systems of continental Europe since ancient Rome.
I traded on the thesis of "I don't care, I'll wait". I mean, either money becomes worthless to have or the stock market goes back up.

To me, it seems the upside of _not_ trading is much smaller than the upside of betting that the market will go back up eventually like it has every time so far.

I have a very tiny (10 shares) amount in cruise lines. The shares were $150 / share pre-COVID, I bought them for $30 / share. So my downside is $300 (minus tax benefits) but my upside is $1,200 (minus taxes). Nothing changed about those companies except having to weather the pandemic.

I even made $70 on call options in a week for the same company. Definitely not trying my luck again but it was an education.
That presumes you're in a legal jurisdiction where one-party consent is allowed for recording conversations doesn't it? Otherwise it would be inadmissible.
Do all European countries really have such a high tax rate or is it just a few places like France?