skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> What's missing is implementing Functor for `Option` (the "unapplied" option, without a type parameter), in such a way that it is evident in from the trait implementation that if you pass an Option to `fmap`, then you get an Option out (not just any Functor).

I was momentarily confused by this explanation, so allow me to distill the problem.

In the trait declaration for Functor, nothing requires that `<X<T> as Functor>::Wrapped<T> == X<T>`. In other words, the implementing type can be different from the return type of `map`. You would want to return `Self<T>` from `map`, but `Self` refers to the fully-reified type, which is to say the implementor has already decided what the type parameter (if any) is, and you as the trait author have no control over it.

You need some way to force the above equality, which is probably what the referenced "proof of concept" does. (I think I found it here: https://github.com/edmundsmith/type-plugs)

(EDIT: I found another proof of concept via the author's bug report. The two approaches seem pretty much the same, and it doesn't look too difficult to understand. https://users.rust-lang.org/t/monads-in-rust-with-gats/50487)

The article does mention this problem explicitly:

>> Interestingly, we have lost the knowledge here that Self::Wrapped<T> is also a Pointed. That's going to be a recurring theme for the next few traits.
I think this is plainly wrong that all online platforms are overrun. A minority of platforms is, with a majority of users perhaps.

And yet we already censor beyond that regarding health and voting issues that is certainly NOT the line that is drawn in the sand legally. This is a fact and a very bad development.
> Yeah, if you have all the keys you can decrypt stuff..

I expect the intended audience for this article is digital forensics examiners, who might be employed by say law enforcement or corporate investigators. Not the average Hacker News crowd.
Searching: Senior Developer in Munich – with passion for personal development
How to active Svelte compiler in WebStorm/PhpStorm?
Sorry, but I couldn't find a tutorial for that:

Using WebStorm/PhpStorm: what are the steps to add the Svelte compiler, so that after saving a svelte file, it runs?
Proprietary likely means "not standardized" / "specific to Signal" in this context.
Sites like these really reinstate my faith in the internet. Glorious.
> 225 GBP wasn't 75% of the 700-800GBP minimum wage at that time

Q: Do "minimum wage" rules apply 1) in theory, 2) in practice to postgraduate students?

Yet more [ancient] data: UK science research council funding for PhD students in the late 1990s was nothing to get excited about; I have an old bank statement here, BBSRC paid me the princely sum of £1377 on 1 July 1998, and by the way, that was for that quarter not for a month.

> Students are broke, but parents can help

Q: Do we really think postgraduate students should expect their parents to still be funding them?
Works well in ThreadReader though: https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1336890442768547845.html
Maybe someone who works or has worked the big F can answer this: what do FB employees think about news like this and how the world sees what they do? Have they drank the kool aid and think facebook is great for the world or just think that the work they specifically do doesn't cause the negatives?
Pretty much! Only I have the data all year round.

It's public, judge my music as you like! https://music.charlieegan3.com/

Repo here: https://github.com/charlieegan3/music/ all runs on GitHub actions.
What’s Fauci Reading? We Take Another Look at Celebrity Bookshelves
I know right. I was even more disheartened when someone who I thought might be mature enough and understand the modern internet also used Twitter instead of their own blog to write a series of tweets as a blog, Cory Doctorow.

I refuse to go to Twitter to read such stuff (threadreader is not a justification, it's a crappy workaround) and fully endorse the communication of the idea that it sucks.
Hello, I work on the technical side of Mojeek.

Mojeek follows the robots.txt protocol so if a site doesn't want to be crawled by MojeekBot we respect that wish. There is also a generous crawl delay between pages on the same host.

Generally a 'badly behaved bot' will ignore robots.txt or hit a site too hard with requests.

Our bot uses a specific user agent which you can verify via DNS. https://www.mojeek.com/bot.html
Git and Docker for Data Scientists – Training
They think it’ll be worse. Many of their customers agree. If you don’t can’t you go elsewhere? Why impose on people happy minding their own business?
Are you implying the CIA has unprecedented access to all analytics databases on a whim?

Because that's an unfounded conspiracy.
> Religion is already banned in places such as France.

No. France is ultra-secular, and does not ask religion when doing their census.

However, most Western countries want Saudi Arabia to stop sending radical imams, including France and the USA.
Mass extinctions of land-dwelling animals occur in 27M-year cycle
Sure, but "fine-grained tracing" is itself such a small part of observability even if BPF takes over that entire part of the stack it's still nowhere near a complete observability story.

This is outside my area of expertise so maybe I'm just missing some deeper insight - and I can see where you're coming from for traditional "throw the artifact over the wall, good luck running it" system operations kind of stuff. Or debugging services in production, which tracing is a key part of - but again just a small part of observability, and one that the rest of your dev process should be actively trying to minimize. If you have any degree of DevOps going on, many key SLIs will much higher-level (p99 of HTTP requests, MB of storage per customer), and I don't see how eBPF addresses that better than existing instrumentation, or in some cases at all.
Earth’s Harshest Ecosystems May Birth New Species Fastest
Previous discussions:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4095237 (2012, has a video on how it works)

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8583179 (2014)
> The business model is to divert revenue that used to go to newspapers and publishers to themselves.

And there you have it. Anything that threatens the position of media companies is always portrayed as an attack against Democracy.

If choosing democracy means shutting down the free flow of information between individuals on social media sites like Facebook, then my vote is for Facebook.
I think there are several reasons:

- Twitter relationships are based on interests mostly. If I follow people who tweet about math I will see tweets about math. Facebook relationships are based on real-life relationships so the topics in my news feed will be more heterogeneous.

- In Twitter don't see as many content from people I don't follow directly. Sometimes I will see tweets that other of my followed liked or replied to, but it's a minority. In Facebook I end up seeing a lot of comments of people I follow in other publications.

- The suggestion engine of Twitter is not as aggresive as Facebook's. Right now I have three suggestions of profiles to follow (people who follow me or profiles I've visited before), a few trending topics which can be mostly ignored, and that's it. Facebook is constantly suggesting me pages to follow and friends to add (people I don't know at all) and groups to join.

- Twitter is more straightforward in the content you get shown. Yeah, they changed things with the inclusion of tweets liked by other people and replies, but most of the time you see tweets of people you follow. Facebook, however, does this weird thing where it shows you only the content you're more likely to engage with. If that content is conspiracy theories, so be it, even if that means you don't see innocent updates from your friends.

- Privacy controls on Twitter feel easier. Make your account private and that's it, instead of five different controls for each thing you might or might not do on Facebook. Muting and blocking accounts, notifications and keywords also feels easier.
I thought it'll be some rant about and/or explanation of pointers to pointers in C/C++. But I like this page more!
A free trial experiment ended with a $72,000 bill overnight
I realise this is not addressing your second question but you might find it interesting. Post below on server expansion one year ago. We are adding another 100 servers over Christmas and early new year.

https://blog.mojeek.com/2019/12/100-server-build-and-install...

We'll be writing about our tech stack in our next FAQs series; 3 of 4, this is 1 of 4:

https://blog.mojeek.com/2020/11/frequently-asked-questions-a...
Are you a Scandinavian or is this joke international? (Haven't heard it in 20 years though :)
You probably need to rob about 136 AirPods Max in order to get the same amount of value from a single expensive watch.

On top of that, tech doesn't have nearly the same resell value as high-end watches.
What do you mean Religion is banned in France?
I'm curious about what sort of twisted broad exaggeration and misunderstanding do you have to believe to drop something like that?
I think my original response was a bit overly dramatic. But my point still remains. I don't think you can compare an OS X based laptop to anything else. The software available is far too different, and OS X is much more locked down (and getting even more locked down).
Facebook is not the same as free speech.

Facebook has an algorithm which highlights outrageous and livid claims. These often tend to be false.

Your Facebook feed is curated to look like this—something a “traditional” publisher can’t do because of libel laws, etc.

What needs to happen? To my eye this is simple—all algorithmic publishing should be held to the same standard as a newspaper or even better—abolished altogether. Let’s keep it chronological.
It's not that simple. Keystore uses an HSM if available. Decrypting FDE and having root gets you nowhere if the keys are in an HSM.

The only way to secrets on a device with an HSM is to get past FDE, get root, and disable the HSM BEFORE the keys are created/stored.

Disabling the HSM after the keys have been stored simply wipes the keys and makes them unrecoverable forever.
The xbox and the iPhone are the security models I expect on almost all mainstream computing devices soon. I estimate that it will be impossible or near impossible to execute any code that was not approved by the hardware vendor, and obtained by the hardware owner IDing themselves to the code distribution/signing service ("stores").

Anonymous software publishing or use/consumption will be relegated solely to what will, by then, be ancient and slow hardware, and relatively dangerous (for non-experts) OSes.

Modifying the signed apps or OS to remove their phone home and spying will be impossible, like iOS is today.

There is presently very little stopping large vendors from implementing this across the board, and, indeed, consumer demand for malware-free (but not vendor spyware-free) platforms is driving this in a big way.

Already every mac available for purchase, even the Intel ones, requires online activation to wipe and reinstall the storage:

https://sneak.berlin/20201204/on-trusting-macintosh-hardware...

I imagine this will happen regardless of ISA; see what happened with the intel ME and related DRM, and Pixelbooks/T2 macs.

Most people buying computers don't want flexibility, they want reliability. OS alternatives, software alternatives, and privacy aren't really part of the buying decision outside of a small and mostly commercially irrelevant market segment.

The e-waste will be colossal when the vendors just decide to EoL them. You won't be able to reinstall the OS on any current Apple product (phone, tablet, or computer) once Apple's activation servers for those devices go offline in 10-20 years.
It is also quite easy to decrypt iOS applications using jailbroken devices.
> Just perhaps not on a $50 Cricket phone with no HSM.

On some more expensive devices keys can be obtained from RAM[1].

[1] https://www.cellebrite.com/en/blog/decrypting-databases-usin...
This person is confusing ranked newsfeeds with free speech. Ranked newsfeeds are the actual poison, because they are their own form of censorship and amplification for exploitative purposes.

It’s fine if someone says something horrible or false on the internet, it’s not fine if a ranked newsfeed amplifies that message to millions of people because it’s engaging.

This free speech or not argument is a complete straw man.
All the most well-known cyberpunk media, afaik, is extremely political. Sure, style plays a role, but even the stylistic trappings have strong political undercurrents. There's a reason 'punk' is part of the name.

One could create 'high fantasy' games, movies, books, and infuse it with any number of political views. But with cyberpunk the most common themes are highly political (and I'd say relevant to our time).

That said, I don't believe it always has to neatly fit into a 'left-wing' perspective. If anything, I'd say one of the defining characteristics is libertarianism, perhaps with leftist tendencies, but not necessarily so.
Major browsers are getting hit in widespread malware attacks
Haxplore is a little web app I created because I didn't like to click around the HN interface to read submission and discussions. I also wanted to experiment with different ways of implementing keyboard control in web apps and HN seemed like the perfect test subject. So maybe it's useful for some of you too.

The most important features are:

- Link detection in comments (Use your number keys to open them directly)

- Better readbility and formatting of comments (Like highlighted quotes)

- Hotkeys to perform common actions

- Ability to open comments in a separate modal for reading long texts
On re-reading, you are likely right. Thanks for pointing it out, though it could have been worded slightly better.
Religion is not banned in France, that's a great misunderstanding of the concept of laicity.

Laicity means that religion is kept away from the State, it has no impact whatsoever on private practice and definitely nothing to do with it being 'banned'
That seems very understandable. I think the WebKit requirement will change in the near future though mostly for legal reasons.
If I had a piece of ML that could do that, I'd just run it once on the server and grab a coffee as it generates a set of 100k labeled images for me.

IIRC, the "this X does not exist" sites also don't run ML on request, but serve cached images. At least that was my impression from getting the same image more than once when I spammed F5 fast enough.
Are you saying there would have been fewer mass shooting incidents, had social networks exercised stricter content control?
The reinvention that gave x86 the advantage over (workstation) RISC was OoO execution in the Pentium.

It’s a bit silly to think of x86 and ARM as being so different these days. Most x86 code looks a lot like it was produced for a RISC chip and ARM has been gaining some more complex instructions and addressing modes. Academics may have felt that RISC was better than CISC for a long time but I don’t think they were predicting the world of today so much as they were incorrectly predicting the near past. If RISC were so much better then we’d have lots of workstations running on modern Alpha or PA-RISC systems. But we don’t see that.
It came a long way. I used firefox from version 2 but with time it felt less like a power user browser, more like a chrome copycat.

Vivaldi has tons of features, with recent additions maybe even too much for average job. The major flaw is, as you mentioned, it is chromium based.
Former Uber employee. I can corroborate much of what they say (not having been on those sorts of teams). The depiction of the company culture is accurate.
MBAs are pointless. A lot of money gets separated from earnest young ladder climbers. That's all.
I also came here to suggest fastmail - it's been great overall, and the killer feature that allowed me to transition to it smoothly was that they offer email snoozing, which I use to manage my schedule and when to deal with emails, etc. That was the great feature of inbox that I felt I couldn't leave until they killed it and sent me back to gmail (whose interface I don't like, and I want to de-google as much as possible, so it fitted together well).
Older AMD CPUs, such as the K5 were RISC CPUs with an x86 decoding frontend:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_K5
The argument is that free speech absolutism attracts totalitarianism that wants free speech for itself specifically, and will hide behind the demand for free speech at the expense of many other things, include the speech of those it disagrees with.

And we should not put up with that kind of dishonesty.
If the keys are in RAM then they aren't in an HSM- they're in RAM (as well as the HSM, but that's irrelevant).

More importantly, the app is already unlocked anyway if the keys are in RAM. So that just lets you keep it unlocked. It doesn't help you unlock an app that was locked when you got access to the device.
Facebook doesn't have free speech, it curates things to align with your views and that's why everyone on it appears reasonable to careless people.

4chan has free speech and no one takes it seriously because it becomes obvious who you're talking to.
Cross patent volume license deals are pretty much standard among the tech giants.
Where can you buy assault rifles?
What a bizarre statement. Religion is not banned in France.
Here it is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVo_wkxH9dU
And entomologists and software developers have many different words to describe bugs.
They’re not outnumbered though. They’re backed up by sock puppet accounts, nation state funded propaganda / troll organisations out to cause trouble and well funded PR companies pushing populist agendas.

It’s not a question of free speech vs censorship, it’s which type censorship do you prefer? The corporate kind or the shitposting bullying trolling kind?
There is a distinction between "constructive" mathematics (AKA "intuitionistic") and "non-constructive" mathematics (AKA "classical").

In constructive mathematics, the only way to prove that something (e.g. a number) exists is to give an algorithm that constructs it.

We can do this in classical mathematics too (roughly speaking, it's a super-set of constructive mathematics); but we can also prove that something exists in another way: by disproving that it doesn't exist (i.e. a double negative). In other words, classical mathematics lets us use a proof of 'not(not(X))' as a proof of 'X'. There are some other ways to express this, which are essentially equivalent; e.g. the "law of the excluded middle" 'for all X, either X is true or not(X) is true'. These proof steps are not constructive, since knowing that not(X) is false doesn't tell us how to actually find/construct X. Likewise, the law of the excluded middle is like writing an if/then/else statement where both branches will arrive at the same result, but it doesn't tell us which of those branches to take.

We usually talk about proofs being constructive or non-constructive, rather than values (e.g. numbers). A constructivist shouldn't agree with a non-constructive proof, but they should agree with an alternative, constructive proof of the same result.

The interesting philosophical question being made here is: if a value's existence can only be proved non-constructively, should constructivists disbelieve in that value? In this case that value is the busy-beaver function: it can't be defined constructively, since no algorithm can decide the halting problem.
Ask HN: What was the cause of Skype's early success?
By the time Skype launched AIM, Yahoo!Messenger, and MSN Messenger already offered VoIP capabilities, and Yahoo! even offered video. I understand that Skype was better quality (no echo, low latency), but an incremental improvement over existing offerings doesn't explain its viral adoption.

A year after its release Skype introduced SkypeOut, which allowed you to call actual phone numbers at low cost. But at the time Net2Phone and Dialpad were already offering similar services, also at low cost.

You could argue that integration of PC-to-PC and PC-to-Phone into a single interface offered a better user experience, but to me that still doesn't justify the dominance that Skype acquired.

Please shine some light on this. What was the cause of Skype's success? What did Skype enable which was previously not possible?
You are picking on one point out of many. Anyway, I think I would sleep better just knowing that they published everything, even if it doesnt get the formal peer review.
Not the OP, but no, not "exclusively". But sites that espouse that principle end up attracting them in droves because they're shunned everywhere else.

And then people who believe in free speech but don't intend to use it to be assholes don't feel comfortable there, further making those sites hives of ... well, whatever bad adjective you want to assign.
A primer on investing for designers and developers
Cloud Gaming on AWS EC2
What utility is that exactly? I don't think I've benefited from having a Facebook account at all, though I hardly use it.
I'm in the EU and it works great. I rely on it for my daily tasks and have no problems finding local services there. In fact I have already paid thousands Euros in contracts to local businesses I've discovered via Runnaroo.

Occasionally I still have to scroll down to click "Search on Google". I wish that link would be in the page top rather than bottom, especially for the picture search (where it is almost impossible to click as more results get shown as soon as you scroll down). It would also be cool if they would add a link to search with the local country-specific search engine (i.e. zoznam.sk, seznam.cz, yandex.ru etc.) for those located in respective countries.
My guess: the definition of the BB function relies on the fact that a TM either halts or does not halt
My first job while at Uni was at a record store, aptly named “rare records”. It always surprised me the random shit (usually with equally random cover art) that used to sell for big dollars.
Point taken but something tells me we might have different ideas about what it means for a rewrite to succeed.
Yeah, of course it comes with some benefits of added convenience & simplicity. But this is a narrow minded point of view in my opinion.

Digital nomads building some pointless SaaS products with inflated egos working remotely in far flung places of the globe, getting to sample the delights of the worlds great capital cities are not an important consideration in the impact of AirBnB globally.
The ability to live a lifestyle like that already comes with so much opportunity and privilege which is either denied or impossible for so many people.

And so when AirBnB ravages communities by driving prices up and forcing people out through their carefree regard for local rules and regulations, then yes, I would say that part of the problem also lies with AirBnB, unless you simply believe that any company should be able to bulldoze whatever comes in its path with zero repercussions?

There is a reason that cities like Lisbon are desirable to visit and spend time in. It's not because its increasingly filled with tech-nerds who talk about "Ramen profitability" and play on slides in offices at lunchtime. Its because of the rich history of the place and the communities + people which make it up. And much like gentrification has done, this easy carefree tourism dilutes that and risks turning everything into more of the same playgrounds of the world.
Super nifty. What are you using for the graphdb?
At the local "gun show." It's advertised on billboards all along the highway. No background check required!
Jup. Amongst the 200 "most critical python libriaries" are for instance https://github.com/plamere/spotipy, a client API for Spotify. I don't believe that the majority of Python codes want to play spotify streams :-)