skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
That group is using a 5th grade reading level to indicate literacy. The citizenship test doesn't even require that level of literacy. Incorrect grammar and spelling are considered passing so long as the person can read and write well enough to communicate. A good gauge of that could be whether or not they can study from a book. I would be interested to see what percentage of illiterate people are voting now anyways.

The part of your comment that is a bit twisted is saying that we would be taking away someone's fundamental right under the current system. I'm not suggesting we take away anyone's current rights, but institute a new policy for future children to require the test for them. Under our current system the right to vote is only a right for citizens. As we wouldn't be removing anyone's citizenship, we wouldn't be stripping anyone of that right. Not to mention that the current test is allows some immigrants to vote and others not, due to literacy constraints. So why not extend that paradigm to people who are born here.

Finally, it seems the most important part of what I have said is consistently ignored - citizens have duties and to be a citizen one should be capable of performing those duties. That's a fundamental principle of democracy, as the people are the government. If being illiterate prevents one from being able to perform those duties, then they have have no reason to be afforded the privileges and specific rights from which they are derived (basic human rights would be intact).

If one can have all the rights and privileges of being a citizen without the responsibilities, why would they even want to be a citizen? What would being a citizen even mean at that point?
OK, I see it's https://www.calcapp.net which looks like a smart product idea. My best to you. Would still love to hear more about the other questions.
MBAs seem to just be bad for tech companies.

It's like they want to turn every business into an automotive business completely missing the point that car design is practically unchanged in the last 50 years. You can see just how terrible these companies are at adopting change by their pathetic attempts at getting EVs up and running.

Tech requires constant change and innovation to be successful. Companies who primarily deal in tech NEED R&D to survive. They can't just establish dominance and stick around for 100 years. (Generally. There are obvious exceptions).

This is why you see these major old tech companies struggling. IBM, HP, Cray. They all got taken over by MBAs who tried to "toyota" the companies into further success.
CA != SF && LA. New Hampshire is pretty far north, so good luck if you have seasonal effective disorder.
I don't feel like the audio quality is actually any better than my headphones from years ago, it's just the bonus extra features.
I consider Apple to be a luxury company for electronics... even if quite a lot of people who are not millionaires can afford buying Apple anyway. My reason is simple: they sell the best quality laptops and phones you can buy (not sure about headphones, but I bet this one is near the top-range for consumer headphones). Do you know of a better phone I could buy than the top-level iPhone?
The left is the faction you're describing. Flag my comment, you people love censorship.
Actually both sides fervently believe the other side is doing everything they can to undermine our system of government, and both sides have valid points.
OK, I looked at Aaronson's paper. Here is his description of a Turing machine:

> Following Radó’s conventions, we consider Turing machines over the alphabet {0, 1}, with a 2-way infinite tape, states labeled by 1, ... , n (state 1 is the initial state), and transition arrows labeled either by elements of {0, 1} × {L, R} (in which case the arrows point to other states), or else by “Halt” (in which case the arrows point nowhere).

Note that under this definition when the machine halts it does NOT write the tape or move the head.

That gives the machine 4n+1 ways to respond to a given input. If it is not halting, there are 4 actions it can take (0L, 0R, 1L, 1R) and n states it can go to. If it is going to halt, there is just one action. Hence, 4n + 1 possible responses.

With two possible inputs, that's (4n+1)^2 possible rules, and with n rules that's (4n+1)^(2n) possible machines as given by Aaronson and used by the article's author, which is indeed 6516 when n = 2.

For machines that do write and move even when halting, we can treat halt as an extra state, which gives the formula in your UPDATE2.

For completeness we should consider machines that write but do not move on halt. Their formula is (4n+2)^(2n), or 10000 for n = 2.

(That would also be the formula for rather pointless machines that move but do not write on halt).
Classic to have the y-axis not start at 0 to make a curve look more dramatic.

According to the CDC, there seem to be about 12% more deaths than the average of the last three years, or about 300K. Number of deaths has been rising every year, though, sometimes increasing by up to 90k from one year to the next.
AirBnB is the loser; people who bought at the IPO price are the winners.

Let's say a company IPOs by selling 1,000 shares at $1/share. An investor buys them all. Opening bell rings and demand let's that investor sell shares at $2/share.

So the company sold 1,000 shares for half of what people were willing to pay. The investor bought shares at half the price they could sell them for.
Musk climbed the ladder several rungs.

If musk isn't self made then neither is the guy who was born into welfare and dies the owner of a successful independent used car lot. Climbing the ladder is climbing the ladder regardless of where you start.
> Apple sells a product that's in the pocket of every other snot-nosed preteen.

> However, they charge a larger-than-normal markup, so people feel like it's luxurious.

This doesn't seem to me to be a complicated "dichotomy" to square/understand where with phone hardware, at least, any markup is sometimes "larger-than-normal". It's very easy to be a phone "luxury" brand when so many phones are sold with thin to no margins. Apple certainly props up their "luxury status"/"luxury image" with much higher margin products in the margins outside of phones, but it is easy to see why the bar for "luxury phone" itself is so low that it can also be a mass produced/mass consumed object.
You can even use it inside itself. I've written

let c = dbg!(dbg!(a) + dbg!(b));

one time...
If the election tampering were obvious, the Trump appointed judges would have accepted the cases and ruled that way.

This election was roughly the same as any other us election in terms of fairness and all the rest. Probably better.
One book I found really interesting on this theme is "Confronting Managerialism: How the Business Elite and Their Schools Threw Our Lives Out of Balance": https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00A76WZ96/

Core to their point is that managers have basically become a caste. They define managerialism as "what occurs when a special group, called management, ensconces itself systemically in an organization and deprives owners and employees of their decision-making power (including the distribution of emoluments) and justifies that takeover on the grounds of the managing group's education and exclusive possession of the codified bodies of knowledge and know-how necessary to the efficient running of the organization."

It had a lot of resonance for me because engineers think of optimization fundamentally differently than MBAs do. When I want to make something better, I tend to optimize for increasing value and/or lowering cost. MBAs tend tend to optimize for profit and things that drive profit. Which you would think wouldn't be all that different, but it becomes really obvious when you look at how private equity can destroy a company over time. E.g., Simmons Mattress: https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/05/business/economy/05simmon...
I'm Building a Minimum *Valuable* Product as an Indie Hacker
Library Genesis Desktop App
Our society has plenty of Elon Musks. Their being snuffed out by a academic system designed to churn out people can repeat "the correct answer". Heterodox thinking is a liability not an asset in Academia now.

Along with the fact that most people don't even have the option to take risk with the massive increase of cost of housing.

Our society has been designed to squeeze out cash flow and it's smothering our creatives.
A web search shows the problem has already been "git bisected" by users on Bugzilla with a workaround [0]. And according to

> Ahzo 2019-10-11 18:33:10 UTC

> bisection between these two, while backporting 533aed278afe on every step, lead to commit 2a91f272e34c, which failed to boot and thus had to be skipped, and commit e0128efb08b3d628d767ec8578e77cdd7ecc8f81 looks like a likely root cause. Indeed, adding 'return 0;' at the beginning of uvd_v6_0_enc_ring_test_ib makes the problem unreproducible, even on the latest linux 5.4-rc2.

And,

> Ahzo 2019-10-11 18:37:48 UTC

> By the way, some of the kernel NULL pointer dereferences, that can happen after a resume failure, also happen always on shutdown. Attached patch prevents them.

Do you know how to build a kernel? I suggest you to build Linux 5.4 (you can avoid reconfiguring the kernel by using /proc/config.gz) with the code workaround (adding 'return 0;' at the beginning of uvd_v6_0_enc_ring_test_ib) applied, and see whether it fixes your problem. You should also check the NULL pointer patch and see whether it's already included in the source code by manual inspection, if not, also apply the patch. If it fixes your problems, report it to the Bugzilla thread.

Nevertheless, I still recommend you to try reproducing it in Linux 5.9 first and see whether you can reproduce the original problem. The comments in Bugzilla suggests that the latest kernel has already fixed the issue.

> Alex Deucher 2020-10-01 14:59:58 UTC

> The original issue reported in this bug was fixed long ago.

If Linux 5.9 fixes it, good. If not, see whether the error messages are different. If so, you should chase the new issue instead of the original issue.

---

[0] https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=204241
Hey HN! Author here.

I'd love to hear your thoughts on how you've built MVP's in the past, and how my process could be improved.
https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/grou...
Nice!, Onion worthy :)
Sorry to spoil the mystery but we've edited the title now. Submitted title was 'A truly independet web spider'.
Wikipedia has a good overview: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proud_Boys

I also recommend searching for "proud boys arrested". You'll get plenty of news articles about many of their members being arrested for assault, violent threats, and attempted murder.
Fled Seattle? Give me break.
What's it like being afraid of boogeymen and shadows? Seems exhausting.
The bean-counters strangle dozens of Elon Musks in their cradles every year. Remember Musk was avoiding mandatory military service in various non-South-African schools until he sold his first company in 1999. There was something special about that time in Silicon Valley. The bean-counters were somewhat on the back foot.
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And yet you can go to Parler, and they will happily censor pro-left / Democrat / liberal posts and positions. And openly do so. And have the people there stating it as their right (which it is). So these right leaning people absolutely do have a platform.

Is it as popular? No. Maybe that's because their perspective is less popular. You don't have the right to an audience to your speech and it's not suppression to choose not to use my [or Facebook] resources to amplify your words, nor is it my problem that your platform doesn't have the same audience and reach.
A pencil tied to the end of a string which is itself tied to the outside of a circle is also a construction system, one that happens to be able to construct the goat-grass area exactly. :)
This can be true and still not move the needle. In traditional media, how many people seek out the opinion of the other side? Increasingly fewer. I would guess fewer than 10% of people try to find information disconfirming their beliefs on even an occasional basis.
Subway UK phishing attack is pushing TrickBot malware
> and used that inherited wealth to buy stakes in growing companies other people founded (inc. Tesla, incidentally).

His first success was x.com. This was bought by confinity; this led to the creation of Paypal. Who did Musk buy x.com from?

When Musk "bought his way into" Tesla, he used his X.com/PayPal money, not the emerald money (which he received little of). Musk also founded SpaceX using his X.com/PayPal. Who do you think Musk bought SpaceX from?
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I feel like the US has a similar (if incidental) cycle around antitrust. When the market is humming along regulators turn a blind eye, the public doesn't really care, etc. Over time the big companies get bigger and bigger, eating more and more smaller companies, until a breaking point is reached and suddenly everyone cares again and we have major action taken. Then the cycle starts again.
No problem. I mean, in some sense, it's also about abstracting things, it's just that Rust cares about a lot more details than other languages, and those get reflected in type signatures.
Deleted my FB years ago and have never regretted it. It isn't even hard to stay connected to the people that you actually care about.
Very interesting that the text of your entirely non-aggressive, non-partisan point of view was "more grey than black".

Keep up the charitable liberalism I say.
AirBnB is the loser because they could have gotten that money, the people who got to buy at the initial IPO price are the winners because they got those billions.

This is akin to AirBNB selling dollars for 50 cents.
Discord seems faster and more likely to attract a small group nowadays.
Thought this was about the mail client https://meli.delivery/
Technical Interviewer's Checklist
> Option, Result, and Future are all both Functors (map) and Monads (and_then).

No. They are Option and Result and Future.

> You've probably used them without even knowing, because we didn't give it some weird, unlearnable category theory name.

No. I have not used them without even knowing. I have used Option, Result and Future. I do not need some meta-universe which just makes easy things more complicated by stating some laws which types must hold just for the sake of discussing them and have the one ring to rule them all.
The Musk's families wealth is common knowledge and widely reported[0][1][2]. But more to the point Elon and Kimbal's dad funded Zip2, which completely undercuts your point.

> In Ashlee Vance's biography of Elon Musk, it is claimed that the Musks' father, Errol Musk, provided them with US$28,000 during this time, but Elon Musk later denied this. He later clarified that his dad provided around 10% of US$200,000 as part of a later funding round.

[0] https://www.businessinsider.co.za/elon-musk-sells-the-family...

[1] https://www.insidehook.com/article/history/errol-musk-elon-f...

[2] https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5513787/Billionaire...
Fixing this is an industrial problem. The vaccines exist. They just need to be mass produced in larger numbers. So what's the holdup? Actual production of the vaccine itself? Precursor chemicals? Bottling lines?[1] Bottles? Needles? Staff training? Transport coolers? Storage coolers? Dry ice? And why wasn't all that taken care of months ago?

(And why doesn't the US have a web site like Alibaba for industrial equipment?)

[1] https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/automatic-filling-machine-v...
I've been willing to defend what has seemed like a very slow process by the FDA under the premise that when you go off-script in a well defined process things sometimes break.

That said, the science part of this seems done. Nothing new came out of the meeting yesterday (from watching it) so any documentation should have been able to be prepared weeks ago and be ready to go through the proper channels immediately after the meeting last night. Although we'll quickly hit a supply bottleneck with the vaccine, delaying roll-out to health care workers today has real impact. The data seems to show that the protective effects of the initial vaccine dose start really showing themselves around day 14. What's 14 days from today? Christmas, the day when you might expect even the people trying to avoid coming into contact with virus vectors to be most likely to socialize.

With that said, leave it to the current administration to shoot itself in the foot by simultaneously eroding faith with both its allies and detractors by politicizing the process.
Plastics would be great to withstand the acid, but they're sensitive to heat.
To be fair, I wouldn't be surprised if there's less things if value in an airpod than it's worth. At the point where recycling in and of itself might be more polluting than mining the 0.02g of precious metals and the gram or two of other metals. The structure in airpods is mostly plastic and glue.
The only survey where - number of gnu/linux > number of macos users > number of windows users.
The goal of CEL is fast, scalable, and portable expression evaluation.

Fast - CEL runs without the need for sandboxing, making it much faster than sandboxed solutions like WebAssembly, Lua, and embedded JavaScript.

Scalable - Features like variables and functions would make CEL more expressive, but also less scalable as it's easy to write a few lines of code with functions that consume exponential amounts of memory and compute. CEL is simply the expression and nothing more.

Portable - CEL is implemented in Go[0], C++[1], and Python[2] with Java open sourcing in development. There is a public codelab[3] available for Go if anyone is interested. There is also a conformance suite in CEL-Spec to ensure consistent behavior between runtimes and environments. Our objective is to make it possible to bring CEL to K8s, J2EE apps, and C++ proxies. Evaluate at line-rate everywhere. Personally, I hope someone tries to make CEL work on IoT devices some day too.

Where? - CEL is usually embedded into larger projects rather than being the one stop shop for solving a particular kind of problem. For example, CEL Policy Templates[4] has an opinionated way of using CEL to validate/evaluate YAML configs. Most of the time CEL is part of a service API.

In addition to being used in Firebase's Cloud Firestore / Cloud Storage security rules, it is also used in several other Google Cloud services:
- Cloud Armor[5]
- IAM Conditions[6]
- Cloud Healthcare Consents[7]
- Cloud Build Notifiers[8]
- Security Token Service[9]
- Access Levels[10], and more.

CEL is also used in some prominent open source projects like Envoy RBAC[11], Caddyserver[12], Krakend.io[13], and Cloud Custodian[14].

[0]: https://github.com/google/cel-go
[1]: https://github.com/google/cel-cpp
[2]: https://github.com/cloud-custodian/cel-python
[3]: https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/cel-go
[4]: https://github.com/google/cel-policy-templates-go
[5]: https://cloud.google.com/armor/docs/rules-language-reference
[6]: https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/conditions-overview
[7]: https://cloud.google.com/healthcare/docs/concepts/consent-mo...
[8]: https://cloud.google.com/cloud-build/docs/filter-build-notif...
[9]: https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/workload-identity-federati...
[10]: https://cloud.google.com/access-context-manager/docs/custom-...
[11]: https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/intro/arch_overv...
[12]: https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile/matchers#expression
[13]: https://www.krakend.io/docs/endpoints/common-expression-lang...
[14]: https://github.com/cloud-custodian/cel-python
> Unless the emissions from imports are counted, this is meaningless.

To give some perspective, in the case of the UK (which until this year had been an EU member):

"directly-produced carbon emissions peaked in 1972, total carbon emissions created by the UK economy peaked thirty-five years later in 2007"

So yes, "imported" carbon emissions can make a big difference, but even if you take them into account, the trend for total emissions has been downward for over a decade.

https://www.energylivenews.com/2019/10/21/imported-emissions...
"Rust" is just oxidation and there are a lot of substances that will cause oxidation.
So zero.
What on earth is a congressman if not "the government", if you're going to point to Bernie Sanders and AOC?

> [Matt Shea], A Republican, he represents the 4th Legislative District in the Washington House of Representatives.
No one is falling for your bad faith concern trolling after this statement. He specifically mentioned an elected politician that your response blithely ignored.
I'm surprised the most used programming language is Python. The last time I tried the packages available for doing Python development did not really feel that polished.
Ask HN: Advice for a Solopreneur
I'm a solopreneur. This is a throwaway account for obvious reasons.

I'm looking for advice from fellow entrepreneurs.

My online business has done a net of $1M this year. Taking the leap of faith to move from an employee to a business owner has been the hardest thing I have ever done. Harder than raising babies. I'm in my 40's and have a family with 4 kids to support.

With an online business my expenses are a very small percentage on my revenues. What options are available to legally reduce my tax bill? Another way to look at this is to focus on income generation and not worry about the tax bill.

Here is some more personal context with my situation:

Private high school cost for 4 kids will be:
$245k

Solo 401k contributions are maxed:
$57k

529 contributions are maxed:
$16k

Living expenses for 2020:
$50k

===
So if my taxes for Fed, State and Local come in around 40% ($400k), that leaves $600k.

$600k less the above is $222k.

I'd like to lower my tax bill so our next house will not have a mortgage.
It's classic malinvestment.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malinvestment
Parsing is frontend of a compiler. That the compiler course focuses on compiler backend does not mean it's not relevant to the industry. I personally find aliasing, flow analysis, and and optimization very relevant to what we needed to do.

As for industry vs academia, wouldn't it be fair to say that professors should teach which ever is more advanced? I certainly don't believe that teaching Java generics, no matter how relevant that is, is relevant to a PhD program, which is supposed to push the state of the art of a subject.
I have XM2's and they are still running perfect. Coming from Bose, I love both sound and ANC. As long as this series exist, I am not sure I can even look at these.
"Disband the police" is such a pro-government slogan
> but if there's an emergency I think parents will not let their kids starve.

Subject to ability to do so. I knew many grad students who took part time jobs to send money in the other direction. Their earning power was greater than their family's.
You haven't heard of error checking? I mean, even if you haven't, it's quite easy to deduce the meaning of the term if have at least a somewhat functioning brain. Also what's wrong with having vim keybindings? You've got to be either trolling or flexing on how "OG" you are.
Mark Cuban supports 'monthly direct stimulus' to Americans in need
Better, but they should also adjust for increase in population sizes.
I honestly have no idea how to fix the browser market. It’s pretty clear that Apple locking users into Safari is the only reason why Chrome isn’t the only browser that matters…but this is kind of a “sucks both ways” deal.
The link given if for the spec, this is probably a better "intro" page: https://opensource.google/projects/cel
Breaking the Iframe Frontier: Ibridge