skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
"We don't know too much about the exact model they made but it looks sufficiently generalizable to be able to give a candidate protein structure for any given sequence. It doesn't automatically cure cancer and inject the drug but that by itself is an amazing tool that if available to everyone will revolutionize biology experimentation."

They say on their own press-release page that side-chains are a future research problem, and nothing about their method description makes me believe they've innovated on all-atom modeling. This software seems able to generate good models of protein backbones; these kinds of models certainly have uses, but a backbone model is not enough for drug design.

This is certainly an advancement, but you're exaggerating the scope of the accomplishment.

" I only feel pity for the graduate students still trying to crystallize proteins in this day and age."

Nothing about this changes the fact that protein crystallography is a gold-standard method for determining a protein structure. CryoEM has made it possible to obtain good structures for classes of proteins we could never achieve before, and it's certainly interesting if we can run a computer for a few days to get a 1Å ab initio model for a protein sequence, but we could already do that for a large class of proteins with homology modeling. These predicted structures still aren't generally that useful for drug design, where tiny details of molecular interactions matter.

To put it in perspective: protein energetics are measured on the scale of tens of kcal / mol. Protein-drug interactions are measured in fractions of a kcal. A single hydrogen bond or cation-pi interaction or displaced water molecule can make the difference between a drug candidate and an abandoned lead. Tiny changes in backbone position make the difference between a good structure and a bad one. Alphafold isn't doing that kind of modeling.
Serverless load balancing with Terraform: The hard way
I flagged and down voted your comment because it's a low-effort appeal to emotion and attempt to shut down further discussion. We can do better than that.
I never thought of Metropolis as hard SciFi but Wells obviously does and finds it lacking.
Combining that fact and the previous observation by hanniabu:

"many of the people that are against shutdowns (that don't have an ulterior motive) are against them because people are out of work and creates issues with poverty. They are not against it because it doesn't help. So rather than saying no shutdowns, how about we take the proper steps and have a moratorium on rent and mortgages so solve the root of the issue."

inspires me to believe that the brutal and short shutdown, with the planned measures to prevent ordinary people getting penalized during it would in fact be the best treatment imaginable, with the least long term consequences.

But I also imagine enough those who would never be ready to accept such an approach for having huge ideological objections.

Thinking even more about it, some kind of such a response indeed happened in the world and gave the results. Knowing that result and proper planing can surely allow for even less negative effects than those observed.
Physics is amazing. Reminds me of non-line-of-sight optical imaging which makes perfect sense scientifically but still boggles my mind. [1]

[1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20813557
Tweet from one of the paper authors.[0]

[0] https://twitter.com/msinnl/status/775619498141507584
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_neutrality#Criticism
The only reasonable hypothesis I've heard for an increase in number of deaths due to lockdown is suicide and deferred medical care for non-COVID cases.

The US is running at an average 1500 deaths a day now.

We lost about 132 deaths per day from suicide in 2019. Even if that doubles, that leave a lot of room for additional deaths due to deferred medical care. The numbers just don't add up.
Ted Chiang’s Exhalation. I didn’t like all of his short stories, but a few in this book were really great.
> Agree this is great to hear, but the fact that they had X-ray diffraction data indicates this protein was indeed crystallizable no?

Yes. CASP uses as targets proteins with no known published structure but a solved or soon-to-be-solved one. They are then kept on hold until the end of the competition.
Obviously. Who said it didn’t?
New Hampshire is an underrated place to live. imo the only thing lacking there is diversity. Oceans, mountains, nice hot summers, gorgeous fall and snowy winters. Close to Boston airport and low taxes. Beautiful state, I miss my time there!
It was never an issue of "abandoning" net neutrality. The US never had net neutrality.

As to reasons on why to not enforce net neutrality strictly is that it stifles investment in ISPs infrastructure.

This is a good discussion on the topic with more detail than can be summarized in a few characters in a hacker news comment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKD-lBrZ_Gg
> It's not any more buggy than any other Windows system and

Incorrect. Not all bugs are UI errors and you’re missing out on critical updates in order to use an out of date OS.
Did you read the part about breeder reactors above?

You can create fuel for the SMRs via a centrally administered and controlled (to avoid nuclear proliferation) reactor, so no need to worry about uranium... in fact, it might make sense to avoid the ecological impact of uranium mining anyway.

SMRs are being developed that use other fuels, too, that are available in abundance, like Thorium:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030645491...
After I had some time to think about it, I come to a different conclusion. Contrary to my first assumption, Bio NMR (in contrast to crystallography) will become more and more important, since the method allows to study the dynamic properties of proteins. With the structure predicted by DNNs, the chemical shifts to be expected in the NMR spectra can be calculated; the assignment problem is thus largely eliminated. Bio NMR can then be used specifically to study the "parts that move".
No, and I doubt I ever will. YouTube has declined in quality over time. Most comments are just memes:

>1:18: MRW literally anything

or reddit-type chains:

>comment with slight joke

>>reply to comment with even worse and over-used joke

>>>reply to other reply with the worst joke that vaguely relates to the original comment

It all seems so pointless to me. And the ads are terrible. 30 second ads to watch a 15 second video led me to using NewPipe instead. YouTube should never be used as a news platform.
I was excited to use this, but sign-in is limited to Apple and Google?

Unless you can provide a straight username/password option I'll have to pass.

I guess you don't want to handle them, which makes sense, but there are plenty of other services that can handle it for you.
Being uncomfortable isn't harm. That refutation is a joke at best and eye-rolling at worst.
Wow.

Public Policy and Academic Discussions are not the same thing.

If you tell 100M people to change their lives dramatically, there's a 100% chance death threats will be involved. There are always naysaysers. We got death threats when seatbelts were legally enforced.

That's not to say public policy is always correct.

But what we talk about in inner circles, what we publish ... should be open. We shouldn't be oppressing such-and-such periodical because they say this or that.

Unfortunately, publications do make their way into the headlines as Fox and CNN pluck, selectively from the stack and misrepresent findings to suit their narrative.

Which may in fact point at the real problem ... making better firewalls between 'serious discussion' and 'public communications'. Scientists don't like being misrepresented either.
I felt a little bad about hating everything about this and wasn't even going to comment, but it kind of looks like you aren't alone in your sentiment, based on how most of the top-level comments here range from "WTF" to "I hate this."

Staring at the site, I couldn't help but wonder what aspect I hated the most about it. Is it the awful name for the mascot? Is it the fact that they're obviously so proud of the PH/PHP "wordplay" that they overdo it? Is it the fact that I can't even tell what I'm supporting? Is it that they couldn't even be bothered to set up a payment system? Is it the fact that a guy made a mascot in 1998 and seems to be making a grossly misguided attempt to "cash in" 22 years later? Is it doing e-commerce via IM? Is it the massively overinflated sense of PHP's importance? Is it the obnoxious way he keeps thrusting his head forward for emphasis? Is it just that he ... likes PHP? (only about 50% joking on that last one) It's kind of a sum of all of the above for me. And that sounds really harsh, but I'm afraid it's the truth. This is a very hateable site.

At any rate, I doubt you're in serious downvote danger. :D
Yes, a huge spike which quickly tapers off. You can't kill the most vulnerable in the population multiple times in a year. People don't get vulnerable that quickly.

These charts tell exactly the story I'm telling. The peaks and troughs appear at the same time for countries with strict lockdowns as for those with less strict / non-existent lockdowns.
I think of probability as a summary of the structure/symmetries in a model. A model of a jar of red and blue beads is characterised by the ratio of red to blue, and that beads are only distinguished by colour.
Vaccines are like 99.999% safe.. but we do give them to more than 100k people per year, so some people do suffer some unfortunate side effects including and up to seizures and brain damage. We've decided as a society that the benefits of widespread vaccination outweigh the legal rights of those harmed by their administration, so we've legislated away the ability to sue vaccine manufacturers for good-faith efforts at developing and administering vaccines.

I will gladly line up for the Covid vaccine and I'll definitely be vaccinating my children, but there is a remote risk of harm.
Yes, the rating differs by theme quite a bit.

+-------------------+------------+
| theme/tag | mdn_rating |
|-------------------+------------|
| Opposition | 1725 |
| Passed Pawns | 1494 |
| Rooks on Seventh | 1408 |
| Pawn Endgame | 1353 |
| ... | ... |
| Smothered Mate | 549 |
| Stalemate | 533 |
| Mate in 2 | 436 |
| Mate in 1 | 399 |
+-------------------+------------+

I also like the idea of showing the user's +/- for each theme. Though the data for some themes is better than data for others.
It's odd to write about objects in functional languages with no mention of Ocaml. Perhaps the Scala and F# users will feel the same way... There's much research & experience re: objects in the FP space that isn't considered in this article.
They share the underlying storage (i.e. they are aliased) but they are independently addressed, and thus they consume instruction encoding space.

Not saying that it's not interesting to know how much actual storage the register file offers; just highlighting that TFA focuses on the instruction encoding angle of the question, which is also important.

CPU architectures are masterpieces of tradeoffs.

Put too many registers and your instructions steam is not dense enough and you cannot keep your cpu busy due to stalls in the fetch phase. Also context switches become expensive (there are solutions to that though).

Put to few registers and you have to spill registers to memory too often, and thus also consume precious instruction stream space.
>I think a lot of people have problems with strictly enforced rules in finance

They have problems with it because the rules cost them money, not because it's hard to understand or rigidly enforced. If the rules just resulted in a "transaction declined" they wouldn't really care either way. For instance, I don't think anyone thinks that it's unreasonable for your debit card to get declined if you don't have enough money.
What was early Earth like? Almost like Venus
If you don’t want it, just don’t buy it, but please don’t tell other people what they should or should not like or need.
Baltimore school districts shut down by ransomware, schools closed for 100k ppl
>> If we didn't have computers and a global internet, there's no way we would be shutting down everything.

Really? Do some digging into historical pandemics. City entrances would be boarded up. Villages might be "shut" and their people would literally starve to death if the they could not sustain themselves. Harbor chains were raised against suspected plague ships. Innocent people were confined to pest hospitals, even exiled to dedicated colonies on remote islands. Londoners once feared being boarded up in their own houses should they get ill. The pre-computer past was full of much more draconean efforts than anything COVID-19 has brought us.

And for all the horrors of being locked indoors with covid, just spend a few minutes reading about the kids polio trapped inside iron lungs. That was within living memory.
This Week's Profile in Perseverance
Worst.Idea.Ever.
FCC chairman Ajit Pai out, net neutrality back in
While I can't speak to the list of sites that you see, but since the project includes electron-builder (one of the solutions to auto update apps) I would not be surprised to see redirector.gvt1.com activity as it is a google redirector service used to do things like updates.

This link/bug report might also be pertinent:

https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=755068...
It really depends what we're talking about here. Specific to your comments I can think of a couple things:

1) In terms of organ replacement, I agree it's a great opportunity -- but, we really won't or can't know the full spectrum of risks right away. Thalidomide, for example, was (for the most part) believed to be safe in the mid-50s, and it wasn't until the early 60s that awareness of the issues began to set in. So I am being a bit facetious when I say "you first" -- if it suits your risk tolerance or if you are in exigent circumstances, sure thing, who am I to judge? But it doesn't suit my personal risk tolerance at this point in my life. (Maybe ask me in a few years when I'm old and sick ...)

2) In terms of "transhumanism" more generally ... I see great dangers and I fear what a society of transhumans combined with humans would be capable of (if we haven't started down that road already). If transhumans really become vastly superior to humans, what will the relationship between them and the old-stock humans look like? Yuval Noah Hariri said something to the effect of, the only model for this version of the world we have is the current relationship between humans and animals -- the track record there is not exactly great ...

So, it's partially the risks from the tech itself, and partially the downstream consequences for society.
Can confirm that lineageos for microg works great on the Onplus 5 series

- posted from my oneplus 5 with microg :)
"I felt Neuromancer was wildly optimistic"
Doctors, nurses, EMTs, transit agency workers, taxi drivers, grocery workers, bank tellers, police, firemen, street cleaners, nursing home staff – none of them can lock themselves in their house and continue to get paychecks like the average tech worker. Creating a safe environment for essential workers, homeless, elderly and otherwise financially struggling folks is something most other cities are failing at, and I'm happy San Francisco is not prioritizing the feelings of bros who need to go out to bars.
Wonder if the SLC is mostly used for coherency purposes and the other blocks then...

And yeah, it's 128-bit wide LPDDR4X-4266, pretty quick imo.
> Considering how few people know what HBM2 is, the idea that Apple is trying to make any claims that their solution uses HBM2 seems weird.

https://www.apple.com/mac-pro/

Apple absolutely knows what HBM2 is. They've literally got products with HBM2 in it.

Note: LPDDR4x RAM is typically called "Low Power" RAM, in fact, that's exactly what LPDDR4x is for. Its designed to be a low-power consumption ram for extended battery life.

It takes a special level of marketing (ie: misleading / misdirection) to buy two chips of "low power" RAM, and try to sell it as "high bandwidth RAM".
Too much rhetoric takes this format. We're up against a virus, not some sympathizer group of humans. There's no outgroup, no matter how much the news convinces you to hate anti-maskers, lockdown protestors or the infected.

These remain people, not enemy combatants. However people seem to you and how you think they should be punished is irrelevant.

It's a sickness! But here you are talking about the wrong type of people in the context of a war metaphor. It's completely batshit.
I'd argue that "translation" is an implementation detail of emulation. Your translated app still thinks it is x86-64 (witnessed by running "uname -a" in a Rosetta terminal.)
Didn't Netflix create fast.com to help find out if any ISPs were throttling Netflix servers? I imagine they'd be pretty vocal about it if any ISP was artificially harming them. Although I guess the problem of net neutrality is that smaller streaming services would need equivalent speed tests to verify if they're being hurt by lack of NN.
Media outlets are too broad a category for "literally every" one to have done that.
I am pretty sure that evo morales was quickly kicked out of there because he wasn't gonna easily let global corporations mine in a "cost efficient" way. so now that he's out is only a matter of time before there's cheaper lithium in the global market.
I acknowledge maybe it isn't harm for you but you can't say its not harm for me or other people.
For 98% of Californians, "muh fifth largest economy" has actually been a profound net-negative. I'm amazed people who pay $3k/month to rent to one-bedroom apt still trot this out as a brag point. "Fifth largest economy" has worked out well for the 1%, people who bought homes forever ago, and really no one else.
It's the other way around. Highly enriched uranium has been easy to use as a fuel source for decades. Using less enriched material has always been a problem, actually. CANDU (Canadian design) did a pretty good job making it work, though.

Nuclear weapons didn't use much uranium, they manufactured and processed plutonium.

By the way, a lot of nuclear fuel in the past few decades has been reprocessed material from weapons that were decommissioned. I believe the US even traded with the Russians for their spare plutonium.
I await his peer-reviewed response with interest.
Is there a reason you used threads in the rust example instead of tasks? I think it would have been more useful to compare against proper rust async concurrency: I ran 200k sleep tasks over 12 threads using `async-std` and each thread only used up ~30% cpu (~60% on `tokio`), and <10% with 20k tasks.

What is the proper way to call `Process::sleep` in your example? I don't see it in the lunatic crate or documentation, and I can't compare results without running the same test in lunatic.

Edit: I guess async rust is mentioned, but it doesn't really explain in detail what lunatic is solving that async rust doesn't provide, besides a vague "more simple" and "extra features," which the example doesn't really show.
Yes, the Chappe optical telegraph existed, but it had limitations:

- Use was all but entirely limited to France. On campaign, mesages would revert to horseback.

- It was stopped by inclement weather.

- Net throughput was low, though I don't have a source on message traffic.

- Messages would have been brief ... one might say telegraphic. Little detail could be conveyed.

- Access was limited to government business. At least some of Napoleon's correspondents were likely denied access.

As counsel to others, Napoleon's mail-handling protocol would be subject to the long transits I describe.
If you're not running into overfull mailboxes, you're not trying hard enough! :D

Usually, it's some process that's gotten itself into a bad state and isn't making any progress (which happens, we're human), so ideally you had a watchdog on it it, to kill it if it makes no progress, or flag for human intervention, or stop sending it work, cause it's not doing any of it.

But sometimes, you get into a bad place where you've got much more work coming in than your process can handle, and it just grows and grows. This can get worse if some of the the processing involves send + receive to another process and the pattern doesn't trigger the selective receive optimization where the current mailbox is marked at make_ref() and receive only checks from the marker, instead of the whole thing.

If you miss that optimization, the receives will check the whole mailbox, which takes a long time if the mailbox is large, and tends to make you get further behind, making it take longer, etc, until you lose all hope of catching up, and eventually run out of memory; possibly triggering process death if you've set max_heap_size on the process (although where I was using Erlang we didn't set that), or triggering OS process death of BEAM when it can't get more ram because allocation failed or OOM killer, or triggering OS death, if it has trouble when BEAM sucks in all the memory and can't muster its OOM killer in time and just gets stuck or OOM kills the wrong thing.
> Netflix and Google loved network neutrality because it saved them lots of cash and they ended up getting an "internet fast lane" Comcast couldn't dream of by installing a massive CDN across the globe.

Comcast could easily install CDN servers if they wanted.

And everything related to Netflix and peering was ridiculous. Charging because the traffic is unbalanced, even though it's the ISP's customers requesting the data? What, they'd peer for free if netflix clients uploaded 5mbps of random data so that uplink and downlink are perfectly matched?

So sure, Netflix and Google are a monopolistic threat in other areas. But when it comes to ISPs getting into conflicts, it's almost always the ISPs in the wrong.
New Zealand has done this multiple times
>I had a Romanian stats teacher that sneered at Americans' preoccupation with fairness. She would say, "Why do you use this word fair? Life is not fair. It is a useless idea."

I can see the point of that, to a certain extent.

We [well most of us] are brought up to play fair and with a deeply inculcated sense that it's shameful to cheat and that "cheaters never win". Then [in my case anyway], when we get a bit older and more worldly wise we realise that there are people everywhere, richer and more successful than us. Not because they're better or cleverer but because they went to the right school, or they knew the right people, or they had the right parents, or they could use money and/or influence to get out of trouble. That, in essence, they didn't have to play by the same rules as the rest of us. And, isn't that by definition "cheating"? In this case, cheating at life. I sometimes think maybe I'd have achieved a lot more, without the burden of having such a heightened sense of morality and fair play as I do.

I'd never contemplate cheating when playing a game for enjoyment though. Because that enjoyment comes from the self-satisfaction of getting a wee bit better each time. I think in most sports/hobbies/games the old cliché is true. In the end, you're competing against yourself. So there's no point in cheating.
This is something I have been trying to understand. What is the practical limit today? How many cores, and how much more memory can Apple add before they run out of Silicon? From what I understand there are a number of practical limits to how big they can make the silicon die, because the equipment on the factories are not really made for arbitrary large chips, and anyway the defect rate will quickly rise if you make too large chips.

Like can we expect say something like a 32 core M3 chip with 64 GB RAM, or will that be too much for this design?
The NVIDIA Carmel cores on 12nm had a 64KB L1D cache with a 2 cycles latency.