skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Nice! I’ll be adding this to my virtualenv + requirements.txt + pip process. Not sure why everyone wants to overcomplicate Python dependency management with pyenv/poetry/etc.
I also went through this as my first project in Rust. I thought it was a good first project.
> With multitasking, one have to switch between context, and larger context (register file size) takes more time.

Sparc chips got around that by having sliding windows of registers: instead of having to push all the registers to the stack you just moved the window.
Our sun is exceptionally stable - it has no close encounters with other stars that might disrupt planetary orbits, which does happen in galactic nuclei or globular clusters. We are in that nice little stable oasis.
194 db is the loudest possible sound, where sound is an oscillating pressure wave. Pressure above 194 db become Shock or blast waves, which are a pressure pulse.

https://waitbutwhy.com/2016/03/sound.html
I did read it, I just didn't find it nearly as insightful as you it seems so I'm curious what it is you learned from it.
Does NYT really have the vote counts time series available publicly? It would be an interesting dataset for future study. You either prove there is anomaly (for various possible reasons) or you find ways to model it and explain it rationally.
I think what they mean is lack of coordination between software and hardware manufacturers + unwillingness of intel/amd etc to license their IP to dell etc. What is untrue about that?

On Moore's law, yes it's about transistors on a chip, but I think the point they're making is that Moore's law created a situation where you couldn't ramp up frequency anymore because the transistors are so small.
I loved the write up, especially those basic things all experienced programmers know but sometimes makes newer ones scared, like sometimes you don't quite know how the answer works exactly at first, or sometimes you have a big idea and a lack of double quotes is your problem, etc etc
I tried arguing for being able to delete messages from all parties of a conversation. [1] They were feature-averse back in 2014 for good reasons, but perhaps now they would consider implementing Delete Messages When Requested on a per-conversation basis.

[1] https://github.com/signalapp/Signal-Android/issues/1764 (2014)
I've been reading The Big Bonanza by Dan De Quille, and he relates how early miners at the Comstock Lode would surround their beds with stacks of sandbags to protect themselves from stray bullets.
I felt like this article did not clarify the problem for me, because it bounced between several different aspects of lithium production without really quantifying anything.

So here's my summary. From googling around, So lithium costs about $13,000 a ton. Hard rock mining releases 15 tons of CO2 for every ton of lithium. Carbon offsets cost about $8 a ton, using the numbers for Stripe's cheapest carbon offset program. So even if the CO2 was fully offset, that would be adding $120 per ton or about 1% to the cost of lithium. This doesn't seem like a very big deal.

For water consumption, that same ton of lithium takes 170 cubic meters, which is about 2 person-months of urban Chilean water consumption. I don't have a specific price or tradeoff to put on it, but it seems unlikely that the cost would amount to as much as the carbon dioxide.

I think what's really going on here is that the current methods of producing lithium are really not very environmentally harmful. IMO this proposed lithium production facility in the UK would be nice, but supporting it by saying that the current methods of lithium production are environmentally unsound doesn't seem right to me. This seems like a case of two different groups of environmentalists shooting each other in the foot, when the best thing for the environment is focusing on getting off fossil fuels instead of preemptively minimizing the small impact of lithium mining.
I highly doubt this. My current expectation is something around $100k for a single bitcoin by late 2021. I am much more worried about a dollar crash, because something like 30% of all USD in existence today was created this year.
With the Spanish getting a mention, it seems odd that the Germans/Hessians don't. They were very nearly as numerous as soldiers from the British Army and were more numerous than Loyalist american troops.
The silence of Microsoft on windows running on Apple ARM machines is deafening
The silence of Microsoft on windows running on Apple ARM machines is deafening
If even the experimental approach is only 90% accurate, how do they know which 90% is accurate?
> Anyone smart and dedicated enough to complete a Phd is smart enough to realize this going in.

No, this isn't true at all. People don't complete PhD's because they looked at their options and thought that one was the best. They do it because other people told them they should, and they just never thought about it.
In hindsight... maybe git hasn’t solved that many problems.
Thanks for calling me out. It was a mistake in my earlier comment and I have added an edit.

I need to do better.
Another big advantage is removing pollutants from densely populated areas, especially unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrous oxides and microparticles emitted by diesel engines.
not the person you're responding to, but this blog and blog post has some good, in-depth points: https://fasterthanli.me/articles/i-want-off-mr-golangs-wild-...
True, but at two per core (4 or 8 in more enlightened architectures), it's very meh.

I would assume that, instead, a modern CPU tags decoded instructions in the reorder buffer with the virtual core number (and register set) it should be applied to. This way, the parallelism would be much easier to exploit.
easiest way: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netpbm
Watched it a few years ago. The filming and scenery is very impressive, but the story - not so much. Here are some German reviews from 1927:

"Thea von Harbou invents an impossible plot that is crammed with motifs. Nothing but emotional phrases. Dreadful. A serious topic cruelly kitsched up. Effects not because the story demands them, but because the film wants to show its tricks. The end, the tearful reconciliation between employer and employee - awful."

"Take ten tons of horror, pour a tenth of sentimentality over it, cook it up with social sensitivity and spice it up with mysticism as needed, stir it up with marks (seven million) and you get a topnotch colossal film."

"The director apparently had an utopian film in mind that should contain the major contemporary currents. Something for everyone: the "Metropolis" for the bourgeoisie, the assault on the machines for the workers, the collective for the Social Democrats, a good heart and the spirit of the savior for the Christians. Apart from the kitschy content, the film's technical performance is undoubtedly excellent and unmatched to date."

If you want to see a great Fritz Lang movie, watch "M" (1931). It's much, much better [0].

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_I2akJ0k2w
How you make the leap from "ignorance" to "illiteracy" -- especially when I mention the internet (where literacy would be a prerequisite) seems disingenuous. There's a lot of evidence showing that internet "siloing" exacerbates phenomena like the Dunning–Kruger effect[1][2]. I know this is a controversial opinion (especially here on HN), but I don't think Wikipedia is a net positive for society. It democratizes knowledge in the worst possible way and its bias (which ranges from the far left, to the far right -- although more often the former -- depending on the article) is obvious to anyone with a discerning eye. There's a reason you can't cite Wikipedia in college (or heck, even high school) papers.

[1] https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-age-of-ignorance_b_116666...

[2] https://www.thecut.com/2016/07/the-internet-isnt-making-us-d...
source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5649292/

Etymology of “triàge”

Many documents have reported that the medical term “triàge,” as used in Japan, derives from the sorting of coffee beans.4, 5 However, Holler and others reported that “triàge” originated with the concept of thinning out inferior wool products in Britain in 1727. It has been reported that the term “triàge” was used for the sorting of coffee beans in Britain in around 1830.6 It would appear, however, that the medical use of the term “triàge” in the battlefield derives not from the classification of coffee beans but from the earlier sorting in the wool industry.

The etymology of “triàge” is French. Studies have shown that trier, which is the verb form of triàge, dates back to the 12th‐century Gallo‐Romance term triàre. That word can be divided into trià and eur, which mean, respectively, “three” and “crushing.” The French word triàge means “to thin out” in Japanese and “to categorize” in English. “Thinning out” signifies the removal of damaged items toward improving the overall quality. The original meaning of “triàge” is closer to the notion of thinning out than to categorization. However, the concept of sorting could also apply to such French terms as presélection, sélection, and choix.

“Triàge” may have come to be applied in the area of disaster medicine because it combines the meaning of both dividing into three and thinning out. With respect to military medical care, Larrey categorized triàge into three phases7. In a comparable fashion, French military doctors in World War I and Japanese military physicians in World War II divided sick or wounded soldiers into three categories according to the severity of their illnesses or wounds. Similarly, the Sort, Assess, Life‐Saving Interventions, Treatment and/or Transport (SALT) triàge, which is a modern American triàge method for dealing with disasters and mass casualties, involves an initial classification of cases into three categories.8
Laptop cameras are terrible because they are embedded in screens, and laptop screens are very thin. It's a physics issue, not a cost one. The Surface can have a better camera because the screen is the thick part (although this makes it a much worse as a laptop).
Yes! I actually got MI2 free with my Creative SoundBlaster 2.0 sound card!

The Monkey Island Theme especially is brilliant, and I dearly wish I could play it on piano like this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wXcYv2ebJ0
This seems to be the current status and rightly said the bell is somewhere inside the Microsoft court.

https://www.slashgear.com/apple-m1-mac-running-windows-10-ar...
Academia is for generating problem solvers. Teams are small and made of people who will be there for around 5 years.

A better comparison would be to national labs, but they are tasked with projects that make no sense for industry to tackle.

The system is working as intended, all players are needed. The team at Alphafold busted their chops in academia and went on to working on problems they could spend decades on.
Hi HN! Long time listener, first time caller... poster.

I've been working hard on learning web development and programming in general this year, and this is the result. It's been an incredibly rewarding experience and I wanted to share it with everyone here.

While compared to "real" web developers this is nothing special, I'm quite proud of what I've accomplished and eager to keep learning. I'm planning on posting this to my LinkedIn audience this week so would love to hear any feedback you guys have.
When I was in college in 2005 I had classes that could be taken online. When tested we were given a deadline, usually 24 hours after the test had been handed out. We could start whenever we wanted, take breaks, work throughout the day, as long as we had it in before the deadline. It seemed to work fine.
I'm not sure what you mean by, "How do you deal with keeping your top level dependencies and exact versions of all of your dependencies of dependencies separate in a way that's sane and 100% reproduceable for a typical web app / repo that might not in itself be a Python package?"

We use requirements.txt + Docker/k8s to lock in the OS. All of the versions of python modules are defined like:

six==1.11.0
sqlalchemy==1.2.7
squarify==0.3.0

Which locks them to a particular version.

What type of dependencies aren't covered by this (I genuinely am a novice here so would love to be informed where this runs into problems)
Yes... and no. Yes, what you say is true - that isn't the point of an academic degree.

But no, because the way students (and parents) think about it is "go to college so you can get a good job". And many, many employers require a degree or they won't look at the candidate. In the real world, academia is functioning as a job training program.

Or at least as a gateway to the good jobs. But if it's going to be a gateway, but not do any training... that's pretty inefficient.
It's true that current circulation coins have very little value as metal scrap. The largest coin you're ever likely to encounter in circulation is the Kennedy half dollar. Since 1971, they are made of a copper core with a copper/nickel cladding layer, just like current dimes and quarters are. It's current melt value is approximately $0.09.

But, when yo speak about "true value," consider that anything you're trying to attach a dollar value to, you're measuring its value in terms of dollars. A dollar today really is little more than a bit that's set in a computer somewhere. Why do we give that any value at all?

The answer is that the USD, along with most, if not all, current world currencies, is essentially an "economy token." By that I mean the USD is literally just a way to keep score, i.e. to tell how much you're winning at the game of capitalism.

This seems like neither a good thing nor a bad thing. It just is what it is.

Interestingly, according to https://sdbullion.com/blog/how-much-silver-gold-is-there there are about 6e9 ozt gold and 5e10 ozt silver above ground right now. At today's current spot prices of $1789.55 for gold per ozt and $22.78 per ozt, that works out to about 1.2e13 USD worth, which, if we made all money either out of or backed by gold and silver in a 1:1 ratio, would literally be all the money in the world.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKlZgI65gEk

If anybody wants a very entertaining synopsis of what transpired.
Society treats university as a jobs training program. Observationally it seems like the universities (in Asia in particular, and the US to a lesser degree) encourage you to treat your diploma like a golden ticket to a good job.
Which effectively states that the downside is that ISPs make less profit. I agree we want them to be competitive but I really don’t understand why many commenters here think that’s a design goal. The only consumer argument should be: “I want the Internet to be faster, not freer.” or “I pay to pay as little as possible.” Also the argument here that Facebook losses without net neutrality is a farce. Facebook gains because they can persuade telecoms to zero-rate and specifically pay telecoms to drop Tik Tok packets.
As soon as it's available. I want to travel again.
Is that not identical to an empty catch block? I fail to see how this is materially different
It's an incredible testament to the distortions of the capital markets that Nikola's current market cap is still $7.84 billion, and not zero. There's nothing that justifies that other than the hope that one will be able to leave others holding the bag.
I thought that the purpose of perfect forward secrecy was to protect against eavesdroppers who had recorded your encrypted traffic in the case of your secret keys somehow leaking.

Protecting messages at rest at the source or destination is out of scope for perfect forward secrecy.
Back in the days before on-chip caches register memory was vastly faster than main memory.
> Shoestring fries don't have the inside/outside texture contrast that makes for fry perfection.

They absolutely do have the contrast, where are you getting your shoestring fries?! :P

The only thing is, shoestring fries need to be eaten within ~10 minutes of being fried, before they dry out. Maybe you let yours sit around too long, or get them from somewhere that does.

Thicker fries are too close to baked potatoes for me. :( I want golden cripsy goodness!

Thankfully there are 100 types of fries because people like 100 types of things. :)
The problem is the market.

Windows only a single architecture, so they can't really deviate from that. Sure, windows can switch (or, apparently, run on ARM), but due to the fact that windows applications are generally distributed as binaries, lots of apps wouldn't work.

Linux users would have far less issues, and would be a great clientele for a chip like this, but probably too niche a market, sadly.
Provocations aside, I think my comment reflects a growing backlash against SV startup culture that needs to be heard. Just yesterday a YC company posted this in their job descriptions: "Understands the commitment required in an early-stage startup and is willing to sacrifice to grow our company". This mentality of sacrifice as the only way to disrupt and succeed demands a critical rebuttal. Calling me cynical and shitty for pointing out that YC investors subliminally encourage unhealthy overwork as part of their business model will not dissuade me from calling attention to it.

I bought into it myself and spent precious years of my life working for the benefit of such investors which I have no doubt will regret on my death bed. I am not attacking you or your decisions personally. I am speaking as a recovering startup employee who is tired of watching yet another generation being sold appealing ideals like risk-taking and entrepreneurship and who pay dearly for it with their health, family, and friendships.

I love the work I do, so do not attempt to paint me as a sad negative hater. I just want more people to think critically about YC's business model. Read stories like Tracy's and think twice before signing up for life at a startup. Better yet, I would like to challenge the idea that it takes 80 hours a week to be successful. YC wants you to think so, because if they can overclock you for a 1% chance your company will hit it big, then they win. They don't care if you burn out because there's another startup school class right around the corner.
I realize this is a rhetorical question likely intended to be a joke, but the answer as with most historical things you can find on HN was technical trade-offs that made sense for the time: for a file system intended primarily for floppy disks (where the total available space was likely reported in KiBs at most), it made sense for the file system to be as space efficient as possible. Directory entries were allowed (exactly) 32 bytes only, and after necessary metadata (last modified date, status flags, where the contents are on disk [clusters], etc), 8+3 (11) bytes (~34% of the 32 bytes) was what was left for the name.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8.3_filename
Both temperatures and dates have affine structure.

For dates it's really easy to see, because when you're talking about the calendar you're actually talking about two different types of objects, absolute time references (i.e. Thursday January 1, 1970 12:00 AM) and time durations (i.e. 45 minutes). (If you're familiar with Java, Instants and Durations). Time references cannot be added nor subtracted, but you can add a time duration to a time reference (midnight + 45 minutes = 12:45 AM of the same day) and the difference of two absolute time references is well-defined, unique and is a duration (1 AM - 12 AM = 1 hour). Furthermore, durations satisfy the axioms of a vector space (trivially, just pick a canonical unit, e.g. 1 second, and measure everything as a multiple/fraction of that).

The same holds with temperatures, with the unfortunate difference that we use the same notation for differences in temperatures (vectors of the affine space) and temperature references (base set of the affine space). For example, you can't add 18 celsius and 20 celsius, but saying that the temperature of a room increased by 2 celsius is meaningful, because "+2 celsius" is actually a vector. You can also add vectors to points, if the temperature increased by 2 more celsius, it would be 22 celsius. This does even have a physical meaning, and is independent of the frame of reference you pick for temperatures: a difference of 2 celsius is the same as a difference of 2 kelvin. (the same reasoning holds when replacing "celsius" with "fahrenheit" and "kelvin" with "rankine"). It is equally easy to verify temperature differences satisfy the axioms of a vector space, with the same argument as before.
I don’t see it in the article but the majority of the work for this and other mRNA vaccines was done by a lab at the US government NIH which has been working on stabilizing coronavirus spike proteins for years now in collaboration with university labs. Moderna and other companies have supplied the platforms for distributing the mRNA coding the protein. There’s a great lecture [1] from an NIH researcher that covers this history.

1. https://youtu.be/xpqfdr9FPWM
Photography Has Gotten Climate Change Wrong from the Start
The "mediator" actually could be a slight nod to fascism and its alleged goal of bringing "harmony" between the workers and the ruling class. Thea von Harbou, who was Lang's wife at the time and wrote the screenplay for Metropolis, later became a member of the Nazi party.
I believe you can transact in amounts as low as 1 satoshi, or 1e-8 BTC, which would imply a minimum transaction amount of $0.19, assuming a value of $19k per BTC.
Ask HN: Are you on Twitter? Why or why not?
Thank you! It's quite apt isn't it? I'm a really big fan of his and have a print of his Tetrahedral Planetoid on my wall!

Although the self-drawing hands are probably more apt for this even more Escher themed one that I've since been made aware of from the author in the comments here: https://twitter.com/mauritscorneIis/status/12668346972560875...
Every software architecture promises to make your software better and easier so the subheading is mostly buzzword "noise". It's unclear what makes polylith different other than it claims it's more functional. I've tried to click through to understand what Polylith means in practice.

Is it?

- read through our book and you'll become better at designing great code

- read through our book and learn how to refactor your current codebase into a better codebase

- use our tools and you'll build better systems in less time

- use our libraries and you'll build better systems in less time

- buy into our ecosystem and get lots of pluggable components

- something else?

Conceptually, I get that better design can improve development workflows, but it's hard to tell where the rubber meets the road when it comes to polylith. When I read the transitioning to polylith, it sounds like I have to download some new tool, "import" all my code, and then I rewrite all the code? That sounds like a lot of work and I still don't know what the that means in practical terms.
That I don't know! Except the original Bondi iMac definitely was laptop parts.
>in the future XFS (when they have full check-summing).

Is this actually planned?
I think the downvotes are coming from the fact that net neutrality was the de facto standard, and once it was visibly broken by ISPs (e.g. after the Netflix and similar situations), Net Neutrality was quickly applied by the FCC under Tom Wheeler. This was overturned by Ajit Pai as one of his first acts and is the cause for this entire discussion.
What does NPM/yarn do better than virtualenv/pip?

“Added 17000332 packages (including is-even) 875 vulnerabilities found, have fun with that info. Yours truly, NPM”
RegEx Library: Phone Numbers