skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Palm Pilots didn't have pressure-sensitive pens — at least, not as "pressure-sensitive pens" are commonly defined in modern technological terms. Technically they had "pressure-sensitive screens" in that pressure activated the screen, but you only got one bit of actual pressure information: whether the coordinate was pressed or not. Pressure-sensitive pens used by the Surface and iPad let you vary stroke weight and width by varying the pressure you apply from the pen to the screen, just like applying varying pressure with a real pen or pencil on paper will vary the weight and width of the line you draw. The digital pen pressure is represented as many bits of information — IIRC the original Surface Pen had 1024 bits of pressure sensitivity. Old Palm Pilot screens could be activated by anything capable of applying pressure: even a toothpick would do. A toothpick would just scratch a Surface or an iPad: there's significant technology in the pen itself, and the pen communicates wirelessly with the computer or tablet to transmit pressure data. That's why the Apple Pencil has a separate battery you need to keep charged, for example, as does the Surface Pen. Prior to the Surface, AFAIK the only option for digital artists who wanted pencil-like input was to use external Wacom "tablets" (although those weren't tablets in the modern sense — they were input devices that you'd plug into your computer) or bad knockoffs of Wacom tablets, that had pressure-sensitive pens that worked with their special writing surfaces — and the writing surfaces often even lacked a screen, so you needed to look away from the pen to look at your monitor to see what you were doing (and often with pretty poor pen/screen latency). Eventually Wacom released a monitor that had the writing surface built in, but it was enormous in size, even more enormous in price, and not actually a very good screen — it was just better than looking away from the pen (and it still didn't include the computer). The whole thing was cumbersome.

And it's true that Microsoft didn't invent pressure sensitive pens — Wacom did — but MS did pioneer integrating pressure-sensitive pen systems as part of the computer as opposed to requiring optional add-on hardware like the original Wacoms. Similarly, Apple didn't invent WiFi, or USB, or any of the things the poster I was responding to claimed; they just adopted them and made Apple devices support the technology by default — the claim was "no one adopts a new technology in the PC world until Apple gives it social proof." So: some counterpoints.

(Also, "failed tablet/laptop hybrids"? Pretty sure the Surface hardware hasn't failed — most recent quarterly revenue for the Surface division was about $2 billion. And it spawned a legion of tablet/laptop hybrids in the Windows ecosystem — pretty much every laptop maker for Windows offers a touchscreen laptop, and they're fairly popular. Even Chromebooks often have touchscreens. Apple is way behind on this one.)
Solar has a reverse economies of scale problem: the more we build, the bigger the fraction of power comes from solar, the more urgent the issue of storage becomes.

We should keep building until it becomes a problem, I suppose, but also hopefully prepare solutions before it hits.
Potatoes are rich in vitamin C, there is no risk of scurvy.
This is really cool, I'll give squashfs-tools-ng a try!

> Does the Raspbian image comparison compare XZ compression against SquashFS with Zstd?

That's correct. It's not an exhaustive matrix of comparisons.

> Also, is there any documentation on how the on-disk format for DwarFS and it's packing works which might explain the incredible size difference?

The format as of 0.2.0 is actually quite simple. It's a list of compressed data blocks, followed by a metadata block (and a schema describing the metadata block). The metadata format is implemented by and documented in in [1].

There are probably 3 things that contribute to compression level:

1) Block size. DwarFS can use arbitrary block sizes (artificially limited to powers of two), and uses a much larger block size (16M) by default. SquasFS doesn't seem to be able to go higher than 1M.

2) Ordering files by similarity.

3) Segment deduplication. If segments of files overlap with previously seen data, these segments are referenced instead of written again. The minimum size of these segments can be configured and defaults to 2k. For my primary use case, of the 47.6 GB of input data, 28.2 GB are saved by file-level deduplication, and another 12.4 GB by this segment-level deduplication. So before the "real" compression algorithms actually kick in, there are only 7 GB of data left. As these are ordered by similarity, and stored in rather big blocks, some of the 16M blocks can actually be compressed down to less then 100k.

[1] https://github.com/mhx/dwarfs/blob/main/thrift/metadata.thri...
PSA: Beware of Temporary Remote Work
No, the answer to all of that isn't yes. For most people in the West, their parents' generation had it best. That era is past now, almost a decade back.
Good idea. Technically this is an extremely lossy compression as only the most important data from specific features is transmitted. I still would differentiate it from mpeg, because it is probably not generic for any pixel image.

A client could verify the result of the morphological operations with the real image to check the result. Computationally expensive, but Nvidia probably has a solution for that.

I still hate video calls though.
Apple Silicon M1 and Rosetta – my perspective
This is a great opportunity to use new languages and get a feel of how communities take on newcomers! I tried Clojure a few years back and I got a warm welcome, so I'd like to extend an invitation to anyone considering using Clojure for this year's puzzles, head over to the Clojurians Slack and the #adventofcode channel and hang out. There's no competitiveness and people just like to compare notes and discuss approaches. A lot of Europe representation too!
Learn breathing patterns (e.g. in yoga).

In essence, making your exhale longer than your inhale will calm you down.
So take 10-20 deep breaths through your nose, focus on your breathing by following it, once you're breathing comfortably after the first few, try and make your exhale longer. It's OK to count in your mind if that helps.
Unfortunately not... At some point in the far future, we might release support for Go "scripting" [1] or we might extend xk6 [2] so it allows different script types, but those things are far from certain.

[1] https://github.com/loadimpact/k6/issues/751

[2] https://github.com/k6io/xk6
You can pretty much develop software for Windows on other platforms too. Cross compilation is supported in several languages, and when you can't - you can usually compile stuff under Wine, or even ReactOS. So while obviously you need a computer, you don't strictly need Windows.
Sadly this doesn’t always work. I have lost loads of time trying to figure this out then doing a clean rebuild.
I did it in 2018 in Elixir when José Valim, the language's creator, has publicly streamed his solutions [1] at mid-day (in Europe), so you had quite some time to resolve them yourself and then later watch him go through them.

I will be forever grateful to him for this opportunity.

---

[1] https://www.twitch.tv/josevalim/videos
Yeah, it’s pretty ridiculous.

“...curator Paul Holdengräber, whose German accent strikes the American ear as both effortlessly intellectual and lightly amusing...

... it’s a shame to hear the audience laugh when Holdengräber asks, ‘Mike, how do you know all this shit?’ Whether Tyson is mapping his own experiences onto medieval history or hearing echoes of the Franks in his troubled life, the credentialed, status-conscious audience is uncomfortable with his sincere interest in a past they find trivial.”

Or - and I’m just spitballing here - maybe the audience was laughing at the surprise of hearing an academic ask of someone’s chosen intellectual pursuit, “Mike, how do you know all this shit?”
Beautiful. Nice and speedy. Works surprisingly well on my phone, too :)

Profile: https://spacehey.com/ryno
Open Source (Almost) Everything - (2011)
Interesting that this is hard to understand. For generations, craftsmen who have dedicated themselves to the art of their craft have existed. Almost all have "worked for someone else".

I saw a monk once, on his hands and knees, maintaining the grass at a temple. This is the craft he has dedicated himself to. Others have chosen other things.

It is not hard to see why many see their life's work as important to them. That isn't romanticism. That's just a different preference vector.

Personally, having read The Remains of The Day, there are certain end results I would consider failure. But clearly men such as Newton did not consider them that.
Good points! The research and practical experience for many of these aspects is already there, though mostly only in the context of therapy, i.e. in cases where people already experience problems to a degree that it negatively affects their personal and/or professional lives.

What I mostly meant was similar to your stress example. Many people don't actually know what stress is, how it manifests, and most importantly, what you can do about it. Many also don't know that people can have very different thresholds of tolerable amounts of stress, and that those thresholds can siginificantly differ for the same person doing different kinds of work/studying etc. (e.g. some people have very low tolerances for arguing/discussions in work groups but can effortlessly dig themselves into research for 8 hours, others can do meeting marathons but have problems with physical work affecting their mood and so on).

In these cases many aspects of both the basic knowledge, ways of prevention and methods of coping with stress are well known, they just aren't taught in regular school. There is slow progress, though. In my country there often are e.g. social pedagogues in primary and secondary schools, helping with these kinds of things - though often only when they already manifest themselves as problematic behaviour.
on the other end of the spectrum, i can definitely see a trend in DIY : 3d printing, knowledge sharing through social media, mooc and e-learning, risc-v , arduino, rasperry-pi, etc.

One could also see a future where computers become home-built, both software and hardware.
Show HN: Hacker News Simple Analytics – Analyze your Hacker News submissions
Well, that's about the threshold age...

Plus, who woulnd't sneer at vegeterians, skinny or not?
Go find yourself a fee-only financial planner (CFP) that is a fiduciary. Directly ask them this and leave if the answer is anything else than "yes".

Also most advice here is going to be wrong or not applicable to your specific situation.
Good idea, I find that the first person it doesn't work for they usually reach out to ask if there's another way.

So far there's been quite a few DM's asking me if I got into trouble going through this process, and that is worked for them.
To be honest, whenever I put up a new table in our house to get some fresh cleared working surface, within a matter of months, said table has accumulated a lot of clutter, spurring me to soon put up another table to get some cleared working space. If only there were some way to return tables to that uncluttered state.
I'd say $60k-$80k are for mid-level in Japan (US "senior") and $80-$100k are for senior in Japan (US "staff"-"principal"). In Japan you don't consider someone senior after 3-4 years working. Most of my mid-level dev friends working locally make in the $60k-$80k range, and I know 3 senior devs making $100k+ (I work for a US startup so I am excluding myself).

The longest open jobs in public boards are unsurprisingly those devs don't want because they pay too little. So if you try to estimate pay based on those boards I'd say you are under-estimating it.
Exactly this.

For many of us the disadvantages of using Linux are tiny compared to the advantages:

- from 30-50% faster compiles (vs Windows)

- instant git (vs Windows)

- choice of Desktop environment (vs both)

- choice of hardware (vs Mac)
This isn't about RAM usage. It's about feature sets in libraries, APIs, applications, etc.
Did anybody find this writing style extremely hard to follow? I actually really enjoyed danluu's "wtf" post that was linked in the middle, but for this article, it felt like random paragraphs fused together.
> industry leading device lifetimes

Like 5 years. Android equivalents have 3 years because Qualcomm is shit, it's not Android's fault.

> premium long lasting second hand market value

Because they are fashionable. Apple has capitalised on stupidity of people.

Most people owning MacBooks, for example, are better served with a chromebook.

Apple is a proprietary ecosystem. If Google are demonized for keeping data of users, apple should be given similar treatment, for promoting irrepairability and closed ecosystems.

Never forget the asshole called Steve Jobs was doing all kind of dirty politics to prevent engineers from changing companies.
I knew you can use `osascript` but this still does not tell me if it works with unsigned apps or not. For all we know `osascript` is signed which means it respects the rules.
The point of "Linux on the desktop" was not that it happens for you and the other commenter, but that Linux becomes mainstream. :) Never happened and unless something extraordinary occurs it likely never will. And Android doesn't count, obviously.
Just reading this made me thirsty.
Too big out of necessity or poor engineering?
I'm reminded of how retailers once they cross a certain threshold of popularity and distribution penetration begin rolling out their own branded products. Amazon Basics is an example of that but is true of almost any medium/large retailer. I often wondered when will that happen with Apple/Google/Amazon. It does seem inevitable, in the hindsight.

Beyond a certain scale middle men's costs become non-trivial and hard to ignore. In case of Apple, though it is more than costs alone because they want end-to-end control of UX. By the looks of it processor had become a limiting factor in achieving that control.

Makes me wonder, processor is the lower layer in the stack. What about upper layers? Apple have already rolled out their credit card. Maybe their own cellular network? A new WiFi standard, perhaps?
Steven Levitt – Entrepreneurs are the Proof Of Concept stage for ideas
https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/econtalk/id135066958?i=1000497770279

1:11:30

He makes a comment (paraphrased above) that just resonates with me so i added it to my HN bookmarking service
I agree with the majority of your post, but this part here is flat out wrong:

> You know why open source hardware is expensive for lower quality? Because Apple pays the premium on the premium quality stuff. But I'm that process they also drive up the prices.

Hardware is hard. Some Atmel or whatever low brain microcontroller can be had on a board with hand-painted selfmade-etched circuits or shoddy breadboard stuff, at the frequencies these things operate signal integrity doesn't really matter.

But anything with a brain powerful enough to run Linux? Then you're delving into differential signalling at extremely high frequencies - which means you have to precisely account for trace widths, trace thickness and trace length matching simply to ensure that the signal from your CPU arrives at your RAM chip intact. You'll ned an awful lot of awfully precise voltage levels other than 3v3/5v, with equally precise requirements on timing in getting them up. You also won't be able to get away with a two layer board, you'll need three or more layers and a lot of vias - and now, you can't manufacture your own prototypes any more but need to order at a PCB shop which means you either pay through your nose for speedy turnaround and low volume or wait for weeks for pool orders.

And once you have the PCB you'll need to populate and solder it - where you will run into such nasty things as minimum order quantities and the need for a pick-and-place machine if you don't want to go nuts. And if that's not enough, have fun with NDAs and no support for hobbyists by big SoC vendors due to small volumes (I have extensively written about that topic here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25208056).

The best solution if you needs smarts is to look into either adopting a Raspberry Pi 4 Compute Module if you can get away with its performance, or look into COMexpress if you need serious, up to Intel Xeon scale levels performance - but be warned, designing for that ain't exactly easy either.
My experience with businesses is that the bigger they are the less support they need.

All in, I spend maybe an hour a week on support, across my 2 paying products. Nearly all of that is for the cheapest accounts. Companies with money have people who know what they're doing, who can quickly figure out what the product does and how to set it up, and who then go use it as intended without needing any hand holding.

I picked 10 hours a week in my example because that's where it was when I was building those things "full time". Now that they are feature complete, it's a lot closer to zero. I haven't opened the IDE for either of my rent paying products since the summer.
I submitted arm64 patches to OSS ranging from the kernel to the most obscure userspace applications.

All my contributions required some support or at least confirmation from the hardware vendor that my assumptions were correct - e.g. I submitted a patch for a GICv3 errata on a specific chipset; I had to confirm with the vendor that my findings were correct - sure, the patch "worked", but was it doing the right thing or just hiding the real issue? (e.g. why did writing zeros to some magic register fixed the problem we observed? was it a hardware issue or a software issue in the kernel? without feedback from the vendor, such things are a lot harder to isolate and fix properly).

I agree about OSS thriving on major vendor hardware, it's just that Apple is special in this case and intentionally makes it hard for the OSS community to provide support for their hardware.
> culture is strongly connected to race.

In another context this statement would be seen as overtly racist.
How I Reverse-Engineered GPT-3 Prompt Behind a Popular Site – IdeasAI
Not with just a rotor (quaternion) and an offset, or with motors (dual quaternions). If you want nonuniform scaling, rotation and translation, then matrices are probably the nicest way to do that.
>as I'd never be sure my opponent wasn't just putting the moves into a computer and playing whatever it told him to play.

Their ELO would likely be higher than yours if they did, so you wouldn't be matched with them.
I know you did a lot of work in Clojure(Script) originally, and IIRC you mostly switched to Typescript. Is that correct? How many of your projects are now designed to be consumed from CLJS vs JS/TS?
> Don't force me to pay for your little communist ideas and then force me with my own money to pay more for the privilege to use my own car.

Parking and roads are massively subsidized by government taxes/council rates and are built in to the cost of all city real estate. Everybody is paying for your 'free parking' don't pretend that we're not.

> Trains and busses are fundamentally less convenient and useful than cars

This is only true for very low density areas which means low prosperity and opportunity. In any major city it's physically impossible to transport the majority of people to their work places in cars and impossible to store those cars for the work day.

Studies have shown that people are happy to use what ever transport is available as long as it's fast, frequent and cheap. For a high density city with lots of economic opportunities the only way to do it is with trains.

> Need to make enough parking available for a building.
In an apartment building I used to live in 1/3 of the building was parking. That means that each apartment was 1/3 more expensive than it needed to be. Even though I didn't have a car I still had to pay for the cost of the construction and maintenance of the 7 level car park. Everybody pays the car tax.
If you can afford to rent a table in a coworking space, then you have already separated yourself from the other 95% of digital nomads.

When I was working remotely from Asia, I sometimes went to cafes in the backpacker areas and there would be lots of people working online and posting selfies about their dream life, but their entire monthly budget was like $300. Even in Asia, that's not enough to rent a good office, let alone for apartment +office +food.

Also, maybe you just didn't dig deep enough. I myself was once feeling quite impressed about someone getting rich from making iOS children's games. But when I had issues with my own apps and asked him for advice, it turned out that he was actually making a living from selling an Udemy course on how to get rich by selling apps... And as usual, the revenue from Udemy was presented as if it had come from the apps.
There's a distinction with "easier than being born a millionaire" and "pretty easy"...
He is referring to this https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecClODh4zYk
Explain with details rather than "everyone else is wrong, I know it all."
This.

My risk profile and my fomo are in constant conflict
>Yes, we are talking about that Apple which integrated soft fuses that can be triggered remotely, and will brick your device physically.

Care to expand on that?

> We are talking about that Apple which sued a recycling vendor in Canada because they recycled devices instead of trashing them.

That's incorrect. They sued the company because they were supposed to take the devices apart and recycle/recover the parts. Not resell them as manufacturer refurbished.

> We are talking about that Apple which bribed judges in the US to deny its endusers the right to repair.

Again, please expand on that.

> We are talking about that Apple which removed even the audio port of a device to prevent its competition to breakout of the locked hardware with their "upgrades" like better cameras, or even payment systems that wont be supported by Apple.

Arguably, for the 2 things you have mentioned, the Lightening port would be much better suited. They took out the headphone jack because wires are a pain in the ass and the state of the art for wireless headsets is good enough for the majority.

> We are talking about that Apple which even changed their goddamn shell from the BSD fork because they didnt want to "open source" (Apple thinks this is zip file dumping) their own bash, which was the only reason bash was outdated for decades.

So brief history of the defaults shells in macOS. First 3 releases it was tcsh (BSD - inherited from NeXTStep), then for a while, it was the GPLv2 version of bash (last version to be released under GPLv2 was 3.2), more recently they moved to zsh (MIT). The critical part to get here is licensing. The GPLv3, like it or not, is a controversial license. Apple have an issue with GPLv3, so they avoid software that uses it. Frankly, when bash transitioned to GPLv3 is when Apple should've made the change, but that is a different discussion.
Well, for electric car, that's true...

>Yeah, just look at all the other profitable companies in the space which did it too!

Did those other companies in the space (of space) got NASA contracts and subsidies?
The Ad-Based Internet Is About to Collapse
chess.com's messaging is the opposite of "chances are slim". but they emphasise that they take the issue seriously, albeit with a low false-positive rate.
https://www.chess.com/article/view/online-chess-cheating

From the comments, it seems there's also the risk that you'll think cheating occurred, when instead you just missed stuff.