skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Ask HN: Technical Blogs/Articles about the architecture of Self-Driving cars?
Hey HN! The title sums it up well, I wanted to learn a bit more about the architecture of self-driving cars, like (but not limited to) their vision systems, the NN models, simulation environments, etc.

Thank you so much!
> I got one teacher to chat off the record and he basically said to "get through it." What a disservice to students. Why are there still weeding-out classes? How many doctors, surgeons, programmers, engineers would there be in the world if it wasn't for these classes? The Montessori education system and the like seem so superior. College should be pass/fail.

Honestly, that's typical of most Biology lower division courses. The theory goes 'if you cannot pass this, you have no chance of the MCAT.' which may be true but some of us had no desire to be a physician. Someone replied to such an absurd structure explained to me that's 'how the system works.' Many of us that finally passed would not have anything directly to do with medicine and would AT BEST be considered ancillary service status to Medicine, and we were not amused. I personally will only take Industry-centric certifications, and I will never consider going back for anything degree related.

Google really is making the smartest move out of all the FAANG corps in that regard, by placing grater value on their own rather than degrees.

With that said, that's really what its there to do, isolate those who can commit to high loads of dated and rather antiqued (my near College credit HS Biology graded us on Kingdoms as Domains were already well established in the University lectures I attended) rote learning the best and 'thining the heard' for the upper-divisions which were super-capped when I was in University as all fields in Biology were impacted.

I at least thought now with Online learning being the default for so many it's sad to see the tech still hasn't solved this problem of mainly distribution/class seats.

I think it's one of the 2 elite schools in the UK (Cambridge or Oxford) that have an actual in-person skill assessment for your final rather than a test and most of your grade depends on that. My Inorganic Chemistry professor said his final exams were always the most preferable, albeit impractical, way to go about it. As a regular at his office hour lectures, I wish I had the pleasure of seeing what that may have been like.

> My SO once TA'd for a pre-med class. Holy hell, the students were something else as compared to other disciplines.

Been there, seen that as a Biology major just trying to get my foot in the door to get a graded paper during office hours. It's really sad now that I think about it as an adult that left the Industry long ago, you have no idea the weight on those kids shoulders to make it pass the openly touted 'filter' process, be it self-imposed or from their family. Its a sad reality how few end up using it all in these 2 horrible job markets for young inexperienced graduates.

My heart goes out to anyone who has to graduate in this Market, 2008 was bad but I think this may end up being worse as automation wasn't as big of threat as it was in 2008 as it is now in 2020 with COVID.

PS: Also, its well known amongst Biology majors that adderall abuse doesn't just start in Medschool, its a well established habit by undergrad possibly even the HS level for some.
A friend of mine intends to launch an API and probably charge per request. They don't have bandwidth to build everything on their own and thus looking for an OOTB solution.
Apple’s licensing terms for macOS permit only the licensing of one unit of Apple macOS running on one unit of Apple hardware to one customer for a minimum term of one day. There is no option to purchase a virtual-machine or other shared-instance license when macOS is involved.

(Nitpicky points: I believe the customer can do whatever they want with their licensed cloud Mac hardware, such as dual-boot different releases of macOS or virtualize to their heart’s content, as long as they are the exclusive user of the Apple hardware underlying any instances of macOS. “One customer per Mac per day, no more and no less” is probably a better summary in hindsight.)
I think parents posters idea about reuse is that if you need to reuse it, you make it into an abstraction and hoist (copy/paste) to a superclass and make where you took it from a child class. On the one hand, it does make the reuse explicit ("explicit is better than implicit"). Or you broaden the member elements to be able to take a broader interface. On the other hand, this is how you wind up with enterprise java.
Yeah so I'd encourage you to write that on the signal forums. The discussions are very one sided. The arguments against deleting are "it's my device, so my data." The people there are very unhappy with the fact that you can even delete now (feature is like 2 months old).
I doubt this is a play at M1 servers. M1 servers on Apple hardware is not what AWS wants people to use when the alternative is other AWS servers. Only for running macOS there isn't an alternative.
You can't build for macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS on a Linux machine. Well, not legally / non-hackily anyway.
What do you get AS A USER from not using AMP? How the USER is tricked into using fast loading web pages? What the "tricked" USER is missing here?

ps: notice the USER. It implies the person who is not bound to profit from the economics of the web but to consume content.
Recently there was article/paper on HN about specific UV light wavelength from LED diodes that can produce very good response without daylight, creating significant amount of vitamin D.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11362-2
"The 293 nm LED was best suited for evaluating its effectiveness for producing vitamin D in human skin due to the shorter exposure time"

I tried looking for that manufacturer/diode but it seems it is not commercially available.

By now we should be able to buy a cheap lamp at any store maybe it would save some lives.
It seems like this directly ties back to Apple’s recent policy changes [0].

The details line up exactly, including:

- You must rent them for at least 24 hours at a time.
- You must rent out one machine per end user.

I just feel sorry for all the smaller providers who have done this for years.

I wonder if this was Apple’s update prompting AWS, or AWS pushing Apple to make the change — or both.

[0]: https://blog.macstadium.com/blog/developers-big-sur-and-vind...
> Common knowledge in 2001 was reusable launch could not compete with expendable vehicles.

It was well argued by alt.space community, the kinds of XCOR, Beal Aerospace, Armadillo Aerospace, Scaled Composites etc. that it's not the case. SpaceX is a more successful of this line of groups - and better equipped than many, though not all.

> The work SpaceX has done is revolutionary.

Yes, but mostly not in technology, but execution and optimization in an unusual market area. Success over space dinosaurs tells more about sad state of the competition - though Elon is correct in identifying the deficiency and improving on that.
Right. The Nitro cards speak PCIe, and Thunderbolt is “just” PCIe plus DP in one:

> Thunderbolt combines PCI Express (PCIe) and DisplayPort (DP) into two serial signals,[7][8] and additionally provides DC power, all in one cable.

From the Wikipedia entry at https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)
I bet if you eat 20lbs it would do something bad to your stomach
Haven't been sick more than a day at a time since reading about it around 2010.
Gibson's first story, "Fragments of a Hologram Rose", published in 1977, really shows off his literary education. It's got a real dreamy style to it.
A client-centric specification of database isolation
Evictions Have Led to 10k Additional Covid Deaths
ADHD?
Let’s not fail to mention the $100k elephant in the room :).

It’s very hard to focus on real learning when your financial freedom is at stake. People can not be faulted to feel that every minute spent studying the liberal arts curriculum is a minute that might be better invested in studying something that slays the elephant.

It’s a life or death feeling when the money involved is more than your parents have earned cumulatively.

Slaying the elephant becomes the end goal, everything else is secondary. A high GPA is a spear, and ethical integrity is a cheap way of obtaining it. This doesn’t explain why everyone cheats, but I think it attracts the otherwise “good” people, who are essential for normalizing the practice.

IMO, we need to do away with the elephant, and the rest will follow. Schools need not be so expensive. I hope some startup school will do the job. Otherwise, companies might be the first to do it.

It’s probably cheaper for Google to operate a University than it is to operate their recruiting pipeline :)
What does this mean? This sentence is so vague as to be meaningless.
Given how M1 is technically impressive (not only CPU but also for Neural Engine), one can dream Apple will resurrect XServe with multi-socket later versions of their silicon.

This kind of performance with this kind of power efficiency would be game changer in data center.

Looking forward to Graviton3 as well.
Interesting that they’ve mentioned M1 support. That makes me wonder if VMWare is going to get together with Apple and make a ESXi port to Apple Silicon, as the Mac Mini and Mac Pro were long standing on the HWL since they were the only rackable devices on the market legally allowed to virtualize macOS. I’m fairly certain that Apple used it internally for testing.

(AWS will probably at least attempt a port of their Nitro hypervisor to M1 as well, since it’d make the machines infinitely easier to manage at scale since Macs no longer have a NetBoot or Internet Recovery option).
But the original post says they're not using Big Sur. The available OSes are Mojave and Catalina. Unless that term exists in those licenses too?
If you like to laugh, check out this American comedy
Weird limitation. Hopefully Apple updates this.
Elderly can't produce vitamin D.
You were probably blocked because of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (AKA human bovine spongiform encephalopathy AKA human mad cow disease).

The US recently removed the block for this on:

• people who were stationed with the military or lived on a base in Europe from 1980-1996, and

• people who lived in Europe for five years or more from 1980 to the present, except for two exceptions. Those are people who lived in Ireland or France for 5 years or more cumulatively from 1980-2001, and people who lived in the UK for 3 months or more cumulatively from 1980-1996.

Canada, New Zealand, Poland, Finland and the Czech Republic have similar rules, according to Wikipedia.
UK stately-home boom::In Today’s new grand houses, the kitchens have views
In the US, Oregon is the only state to legalize mushrooms?
What I personally don't understand is why there are literally tons of Firefox forks out there, each on their own claiming to be open without an accessible codebase. And not only that, but also limiting users sometimes even in what they can do with it when they don't pay up.

I understand that money is necessary to survive, but if you claim to be open at least communicate what the money is used for.

Personally I tried to go with foundations and applied to a lot of them, whereas I wasn't accepted anywhere...so now I have to build a company, too, in order to guarantee the project's survival - without accepting foreign money to guarantee its moral baseline, which makes it hard, very hard to bootstrap. [1]

Coming up with a viable working business model for a web browser is harder than someone might think, especially if you need funds to keep your stomach fed.

I'm not saying that it's a good thing what they did, I'm just saying that I understand their problems.

The difference to myself (being seen as a competitor) is that their project will be abandoned once investors get unhappy with their growth, which is a compromise I am never gonna accept if I really care about the "openness" of the web.

[1] https://github.com/tholian-network
We know that Falcon-1 took 90 millions for the whole program. We know that Air Force evaluation model predicts about 4 times as much expenses than what Elon shown with receipts to NASA. The model was wrong, but it took SpaceX to demonstrate that.

Similarly we have good estimates for how much it took to develop Falcon-9, up until first launches. I think we have rough data to make some comparisons.
The article presents a dichotomy between "web" and "app". This fails for users who consider a web browser itself to be an "app", which is indeed well suited for solving a problem of "browsing web". For as long as this problem remains well solved by a specialized app (browser), I don't need any redundant tools for e.g. reading news, interacting with communities, etc.
I have taught at multiple honor-code institutions (and still do). It does not prevent cheating. However, it shifts focus: I can go about my teaching life starting from an assumption that students are not cheaters—and I'm personally convinced that most aren't.

The flipside is that when you do catch a cheating case, you completely throw the book at them. It's legitimately easier to cheat under an honor system, if that's what you're wanting to do... so my assumption is that if we catch you at it, it's likely part of a pattern, and if we catch you multiple times the pattern is irreformable. It is not uncommon at honor-code institutions to expel students on the second offence (sometimes even on the first).

I do think that cheating is less prevalent at my institution (and my previous institution) than it is in the larger university population.
People pointing out that this may be against ToS. But that might not be the case depending on which country you're in.
If you want to dig deeper, watch these videos: https://herbsutter.com/2013/02/11/atomic-weapons-the-c-memor...
I had put a order in for a RM2, then found out about Boox and their Note Air and decided to give it a try.

Have had it for a few days now, and loving it. Went ahead and cancelled my RM2 order, the Boox seems to have the Remarkable beat in every category outside of the hardware look and supposedly it feels slightly nicer to write on, but I'm having 0 issues taking notes on the Boox Air.
Get an old old old Mac pro from ages ago. Upgrade its motherboard. Then upgrade its RAM. Then upgrade its hard drive. Then upgrade its power supply. It will still be an "Apple-branded computer" because of its case. It will just have received a bunch of upgrades. Big "haha" to them.

(Or if you're actually a corporation just buy a Mac.)
> they want other people's content to be available on the open web (not just their own content).

It’s precisely because of that the biggest corps of the current day came into existence. Is it even possible for Google, Amazon, Facebook to become this big without the free software that was available on the web?
It’s about $1 per hour.
I could broadly agree with your first two sentences, even though it's not actually true that ray tracing didn't have global illumination before the Rendering Equation came along. Recursive ray tracing, diffuse inter-reflections, distribution ray tracing, all these things existed before the term path tracing came along. Path tracing is more of a unifying formalism than a distinction between global illumination and direct lighting.

I'm completely stumped by your last sentence though, I have no idea where your anger is coming from. But it fails to explain why you want to make the distinction in this thread, since, as I already pointed out "Ray Tracing in one Weekend" is doing both (for example chapters 1-7 are the mechanics of ray tracing, no path tracing concepts are used until chapter 8). Are you referring indirectly to any specific products that have marketing you don't like? Your story can't explain people who use the term "ray tracing" since they're being honest about not necessarily doing path tracing. So are you talking about someone who uses the term "path tracing" when they're not doing global illumination?
The worst parts of LA, Chicago, Detroit, etc. are just as bad as the Tenderloin. The only weird thing about SF is that the office/financial district is the worst part of the city. In Chicago, a white collar worker can live their entire life without going to Englewood, but in SF, you're actually forced to see it (which is... maybe a good thing?)
What would you expect beyond a build environment? I don't see how the (shared vs dedicated) angle figures in to these expectations.
I wrote a blog about this in 2015. In developing economies like India, this trend is more pronounced due to rapid adoption of mobile apps http://pranjan.blogspot.com/2015/04/is-app-only-economy-goin...
And I'd instantly not trust it because providing the service for a nominal fee would be so much less of a money printing scheme than providing the service for a nominal fee, but then once the fee had established trust using that transaction as a sales vector for all kinds of snake oil that's supposedly exactly what you need according to the results. Unfortunately there are many good reasons to burden the medical economy with all these stifling regulations. The quest for the least bad system is a permanent struggle.
You can overdose on water but we still tell folks to drink several glasses a day, because most people don't get enough. That a tiny few are sensitive or go nuts with it shouldn't stop helping everyone else.
I agree there is an argument to me made that competition has been stifled, in fact I agree that it has. But that is separate from the romanticized "old" or "open" internet I am speaking of.

You have again invoked users. I'm making the argument that the romanticized "old" or "open" Internet is actually an exclusive clique populated by the Intelligentsia and it still exists. The people who use Facebook didn't leave this old internet, they were just never on it. And beyond that, if they did join it they would just ruin it anyway.
Also - big tech is coming out against vitamin supplementation with their creepy censorship:

Example of YouTube saying they will ban vit. c videos using the "misinformation" label:
https://twitter.com/i/status/1252676099169038337

Vit. c is known to be a potent immune booster. So this is a real head scratcher.
How do you deal with platform specific bugs? What about testing?

About 50% of my MacOS usage is replicating bug reports from users. I don't know how I would do that without having one on my desk.
> The Raptor engine, however, really is a massive achievement and is somewhat comparable to developing fusion power.

Disagree, the theory of full-flow gas generators, and test bench results, were known for many years. At the same time with fusion we only have experience with uncontrolled one (bombs), or theory of how stars operate (and we can't reproduce that mechanism, not enough gravity). There is a lot more science to discover in fusion than in Raptors.
GPT3 maybe?
That’s Ubuntu-specific where they provide their own kernel bundled with ZFS. It was working fine before 20.04 as well in the same way it does for other distros. Has nothing to do with the comment you’re replying to.
Does this EURA works to effectively kill handy macOS CI service like CircleCI and force users to use VM rental service like this?
But they will have to update to Big Sur in the feature. So if they don‘t set the limitation now they will have to „worsen“ the service later, it‘s best to the set the limitation now even if not required.
This sort of news is always like a splash of cold water to the face to me.

I haven't produced any breakthrough research as an undergraduate. Have I accomplished enough? Am I too complacent? Should I be doing more, working more, studying more?

I always remember that the best way to achievement is to stick to areas that are personally exciting to me, and keep cranking at the best pace I can.

Others' success shouldn't make you anxious. Instead, let it motivate you to move faster along your own groove.
> AlphaFold would have to be able to synthesize arbitrary proteins and run the experiments on them to verify and correct its predictions.

It can verify how much it minimizes the potential energy, which may not always line up with how it would fold in the real world but is a strong indicator.
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Do they analyze the noise floor or something? I guess you'd have to defeat that with a noise gate.
Right but actual roots / connection to a local community, besides fellow travelers / tourists?

I personally never felt more than a temporary resident in most places i've been.
The resolution was interesting since it was different for NTSC and PAL: NTSC had 320 x 200 while PAL had 320 x 256. In practice games varied[1] whether they were full screen or had black bars in PAL.

[1] http://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=97812
Quibble, but...

free 2 day shipping is now near universal

... uh, since when? Maybe for giant companies that can get sweetheart deals from FedEx or just build out their own last mile networks. But for all the small companies actually associated with the open web shipping still costs almost as much as the thing you're trying to buy.
A bit of a fluff piece; sadly short on details.
Yes! But, you can basically avoid that by avoiding Soma and the Tenderloin. There are no naked bleeding people in Dogpatch, Potrero Hill, the Sunset and Richmond, the Marina, etc. etc.
Agreed in part (and upvoted), however, I understand the frustration as an open web advocate when interacting with walled gardens like Instagram and Facebook.

Rather than competing on the product/network alone, Instagram employs dark patterns like allowing only a single link ("link in bio") to the wider web. Links in comments don't work, nor do older links-in-bio persist with their original post.

Facebook Groups is cannibalizing a dearly beloved two-decade-old backcountry ski forum ( turns-all-year.com ) because the user-onboarding is effortless, familiar, and integrates with other familiar walled-garden features. With the FB interface, the discussions are shorter-lived and the archiving of trip-reporting information is no longer effectively searchable. I don't know how an open-web forum with limited resources can compete against FB effectively -- suggestions are very welcome.

Strategies like these are designed to gently carve users away from the open web and gather them within the garden. While not impossible to combat, they are a stout challenge for sites in the modern era.
Tony Hsieh Used Happiness as a Business Model to Change the World Forever
I was having a discussion recently in another forum where I argued that success at a Math Olympiad is a good indicator of future success. I'm not surprised to see in the slightest he won a gold medal at 16.
This is cool. F-droid will have to step up their game though becase waiting for new apk for days and weeks due to delayed signing process is unacceptable. The reproducible builds solution came out too late, for many apps this is crazy overhead in engineering.
Regarding "unix philosophy" and ZFS... it's actually very compliant with it, despite uninformed claims from early public release about "blatant layering violations".

It's just that majority of users never have reason to see more than tiny signs of the layers hidden behind (mostly) 2 command line tools, and for various reasons those layers are compiled into one one module.

But the clean layered design is how LustreZFS happened :)
Only one usecase for now. They said M1 is coming soon, which could tip the cost equation (think about what the energy savings mean at AWS scale).

Even more interestingly, I wonder if this could be an exploratory step for an Apple that's thinking about designing dedicated cloud chips.
$24/day for imessage..

Much much cheaper to just buy a second hand mac mini and leave it plugged in to your router.
They will never know if you don't tell them. Copenhagen interpretation -- if it isn't observable it doesn't exist.