skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Sorry for the delay, just seeing this. Yes, effectively the entirety of probability theory can be reduced to Cox's axioms of probability, which themselves are specialised instances of fuzzy set/logic theory. Therefore in theory any probabilistic formulation can also be expressed in fuzzy terms with suitable constraints.

E.g. I think what is implied by your final quote is the distinction between 'crisp' events and non-crisp ones. Probability only deals with crisp events. In other words, if you have a probability distribution over events, those events are required to be mutually exclusive and exhaustive for Cox's axioms of probability to apply. A fuzzy formulation can express the same problem but without that constraint, e.g. events may be 'fuzzy' (in that you might consider an 'event' with an associated 'probability / fuzzy membership in some set' of its own, but also the definition of the event itself is 'leaking out' into neighbouring events.

As an example, consider a set of integers {1 .. 10}, and you want to define a probability distribution for each of the numbers on that set. A fuzzy formulation could allow you to generalise this space further using 'fuzzy integers', expressing the notion e.g. 'approximately ten'. You can then then talk about the probability of 'approximately ten' in the set (where the definition of 'approximately' is not necessarily stochastic).

I'm not an expert in any of this, alas, but it does seem to me that exposure to fuzzy theory in the public seems to follow a pareto distribution, where 99% of people have only heard of ridiculously elementary uses of fuzzy theory (and therefore think it's some sort of poor-man's probability theory), which probably only accounts for something like 1% of the field, and the remaining 99% of fuzzy theory is only dealt with by 1% of people who are more preoccupied with abstract math formalizations and have no interest in practical applications (which is a shame).
I think HN will do fine. Have a look around: people are already discussing knitting instead of the content of the article after someone dug out a video that shows a similiar object being used.

Just because the article is wrong does not mean that it cannot serve as starting point for interesting discussions.
In the civilization that existed before the cataclysm that marked the end of the Younger Dryras, these were the equivalent of Turners Cubes. These were passed down by the remnants of that civilization, along with stories of the flood.

Here's a nice relaxing video of someone making a turners cube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xw3GzqgWg-8
Blood Test That Detects 50 Types of Cancer to Be Tested
Perhaps not gloves.... https://shoeboxstudio.com/2014/08/24/make-a-wire-knitting-sp...
Fwiw, from the article:

> You don’t need to transform it. But you should make it better. Just clean it up a bit.

> A warning about refactoring. Don’t refactor what you don’t understand. Don’t drive by refactor. Discuss your plan with someone more familiar with the code.
The vast majority of the article is talking about specific ways in which they were better, but HN has latched on to the "just works" and decided to dredge up everything from IRQ conflicts (a thing on PCs, while the article mostly talks about MacOS) to every software bug they ever encountered because they like being contrarian.
Because it personally effects this person.
Not sure why you got flagged - I'll have a look at the link you suggested, maybe it'll help.
It's common enough when people are speaking with their words, and less common when speaking with their wallets.
I’ve seen these featured on out—of-place artifacts articles over the years. Many have assumed various functions such as flag pole holders or measuring tools, but they seem too decorative for such pragmatic uses.
Dude..
More likely, now it is not going to be a pure luck to find yourself in the position where you are sitting along in 3 seats, but you will need to pay for this privilege + as a bonus you get pillow and blanket.
I am talking about out of the box features. Docker for Mac has kubernetes built in. Check a box and you have a k8s cluster. On Linux you need minikube, kind, or in my case, I built a custom k3s solution.
They get laid off or contracts not renewed. Hopefully with the pandemic over, hiring in other sectors will increase.
Definitely!

I have a beard. A surgical mask fits only lightly over it, floating a half inch away from my face. That's better than nothing I suppose, but it really is only filtering big droplets. All the air is going in and out that half inch.

An N95, with it's rigid faceplate and strong rubber bands pressing it against my face, crushes the beard and makes breathing more difficult so I can tell some air is being filtered. I'm not getting anywhere near the protection the n95 is designed to provide, it's still much better than what the surgical mask does, which is almost nothing. And I don't use the valve kind, so any filtering the n95 is doing, it's doing it in both directions.

The surgical mask with a beard is kind of like walking around with my hand held a half inch away from my face.
Managing your privacy: Web Browsers
It is evolution in action.
> As many tech leaders publicly voiced support for Black Lives Matter protests, Black employees at Coinbase said on the Slack messaging platform that they were hurt by the silence of Mr. Armstrong and other executives about the matter.

Also seems like lack of making a statement is now a workplace risk according to the tone of the article.
Layoffs, if the demand drops enough. Since these are largely low-skill jobs, mass layoffs wouldn’t be particularly surprising. Amazon already has “seasonal” labor that rotates in and out anyway.
Individual effort isn't going to break up a company Amazon's size.
[Disclosure: I'm president of a CCC local chapter and regularly advocate for the CCC's positions on privacy and IT security concerns in public and towards the press.]

I frequently and publicly complain about crazy surveillance policy as much as the next guy. But I find it important to understand that the politicians in the interior and justice branches are not pushing mass surveillance because they're evil. It's because of perverse incentives: They know full well that, when the next terrorist attack happens, everyone who didn't push hard enough for law and order will be portrayed as an enabler. Or at least they think that this will happen. It can be argued if it really would, but them thinking that this is how the world is is my best explanation for their behavior. I don't think they want to build the next Stasi or Gestapo.
They certainly have their, uh, own style; you usually will either like it or not. They generally try to tend to stay at least a little factual, though. ;)
Another article from CNN: https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/28/us/tony-hsieh-zappos-dies/ind...
50% of Amazon sales come from 3rd party merchants, most of whom are small and medium businesses. I worked for two family businesses with 10+ employees where Amazon selling was a lifesaver.

That's not to say Amazon is a saint by any means.
Solid write up. If anyone's interesting in knowing more about how probability _came to be_ 'regarded' as real, i highly recommend Ian Hacking's "The Taming of Chance".
Thought provoking in so many ways.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_knitting:

“The oldest knitted artifacts are socks from Egypt, dating from the 11th century CE. They are a very fine gauge, done with complex colourwork and some have a short row heel, which necessitates the purl stitch. These complexities suggest that knitting is even older than the archeological record can prove.”

https://knitty.com/ISSUEspring06/FEAThistory101.html:

“Linguistically, all evidence implies that knitting is a fairly recent invention. There are no ancient legends of knitting like there are legends of spinning and weaving (remember Arachne? Ixzaluoh? Nephthys? Amaterasu? Never mind... the numbers of weaving and spinning gods and mostly goddesses are legion). There are no ancient gods or goddesses who knit, no legend of how it was invented or given by the gods. That lack implies that it is a recent skill, developed after mythologies were established around the world.
[…]
So what do we know? Knitting kind of appeared, poof, probably in Egypt or an adjoining land, sometime around 1000CE”

⇒ it’s not a given that knitting existed in Roman times.

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_dodecahedron dates them to the 2nd to 4th centuries AD)
Upon clicking your link I realized that:

>>>sci-hub.se uses an invalid security certificate.

>>>The certificate is not trusted because it is self-signed.

>>>Error code: MOZILLA_PKIX_ERROR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT

I accepted the risks and proceeded:

>>>The requested URL /10.1098/rspa.2020.0469 was not found on this server.

I hacked the URL to reach the home page of that site and was greeted with this message:

>>>The website you want to visit is blocked!
The block is a claim from the Patent and Market Court. It is the result of a lawsuit initiated by the Dutch scientific publisher Elsevier, in a lawsuit against Bahnhof and six other Swedish internet operators.
Well, drive half an hour by car from southern Switzerland to Italy and you will notice that the road will be lined with garbage heaps on both sides. There are definitely some advantages if people are a bit tidy. And then try to achieve something at an Italian office without losing your mind. You can always negotiate with the Swiss, and there are always compromises.
The headline cannot be true. Otherwise "most americans" wouldn't voluntarily sign-in to be tracked by buying said cellphones.
There exist people who have used both.
So here's the thing: it's fairly clear that Mishima did not "die for his cause", or in fact have any expectation that his thoroughly half-assed coup would succeed. For one, there was no plan whatsoever for what they would have done next had the troops they addressed actually joined the putative rebellion.

Mishima had precisely one objective: to die like his own ideal of a warrior, at the peak of his physical prowess. And I know that sounds weird, but if you read his books, every single one harps on this theme almost obsessively, in particular his final "Sea of Fertility" tetralogy. He was born a sickly misfit, but he spent a good portion of his adult life bodybuilding and practicing martial arts to perfect his body, so he could die the perfect death. Fetishistic? Absolutely. Political? Not really.
So for the consultant: Yes he did, clearly this consultant was an absolute disaster. An excellent cautionary tale of arrogance combined with lack of ability and design thinking. Changes made without thought / design or discussion with the team are unlikely to be "improvements", unless they're being made by someone intimately familar with the codebase (which an outside consultant cannot be).

For your second point, I don't really see the applicability of this specific concept of the boy scout rule to the situation of "business critical code that is in such a bad state the whole team agrees it should be rewritten".

However, were I to try to apply the concept to your situation, the first question to ask is "why are people afraid to change the code?". There's usually 2 reasons for this. Firstly, the code and the problem are super complex and hard to understand, this just takes a lot of time, to develop the knowledge and intuition around the code. Secondly, the code lacks tests (unit / intergration / functional / manual spreadsheet of test cases) that assert the behaviour you expect. Therefore my (unasked for and probably already known to you) suggestions for "leaving it cleaner than you found it" would be to make a start on understanding the code better through a series of very very very small refactorings. Pick one tiny function that is a mess and clean it up. At the same time, ensure your changes are correct by asserting all expected behaviour of that function.

If you are now saying "duh of course" well thats the point. I do not think a single reasonable person would suggest that a full rewrite of a complex business critical system that is either poorly understood, poorly tested or both is a charitable interpretation of what the article is talking about.

At the end of the day it is super easy to shoot down any idea or concept in programming, because we have so much power to abuse and ruin anything day to day if we're not careful. It's the easiest thing in the world to take a machete to a codebase without thought. But the problem there is the person holding the machete, they can't be trusted with it. I cannot think of a single thing that wouldn't be misinterpreted or done badly by some of the terrible coders I've met during my career.
Probably referring to examples like VAX/VMS filesystems? I never worked on them much, and only very shallowly. Fortran file I/O has vestiges of record-oriented interfaces still in the standard, I'm assuming from co-evolution with file systems of the time.
I'd guess it will go the other way, but probably that's just wishful thinking.

This year has demonstrated quite well I think that old saying "If you trade freedom for safety, you get neither"

But I guess I sort of despise my phone to begin with. For years I had a dumb phone, but they started turning off the towers. So now I have a smartphone but I never look at it and forget to take it with me most of the time when I leave the house.

I'd happily downgrade back to a dumb phone if they made any in the old candy bar style. As it is, my desire to have a dumb phone is weaker than my desire not to have a flip phone.
Hey when I submit a blank field at the “Enter Your Email to Login” screen, it submits - I assume this means you aren’t utilizing proper input validation. Just an fyi
Yup, I often see such pages with photos of employees riding in speedboats, grilling at a barbecue wearing company shirts or rock climbing.

I’m not interested in any of those things. They are better off showing two businessmen shaking hands or stacks of money.
Go Directly to Jail: An Essay on Compulsory Schooling
Can you expand on America and not locking down? That is not matching my experience in the states.
> (not arsenic, though)

Iocaine. I bet my life on it!
"I object to having one less slice of cake, but I am still going to eat this slice of cake."
Within my home network, syncthing handles file renames gracefully [0]. For backups to cloud storage, This might require changes to dar, because according to [1] it's unclear how that tool handles renames. Since I only do these off-site backups to cloud storage once a month, I'm okay with it using a bit more bandwith/storage (as long as it runs over night and doesn't get in anybody's way).

[0] https://forum.syncthing.net/t/rename-file/11091
[1] https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Synchronization_and_bac...
Customers (like competitors) are the victims of monopolies, not the perpetrator. The only perpetrator is the monopolistic company itself, and the only solution is government action.
>Quite a lot my friend, quite a lot.

Not if it has Oracle in the name, or SAP, or IBM.

The German Corona App from SAP and T-Mobile was 69 Million Euros (probably still counting).
> Which is the same fabrication standard we use in modern CPUs.

Though your point is fair, it's 25nm so rather more like the fab' standard of 10 years ago, 24nm flash started shipping in 2010.
The same thing that happens after every holiday season
Per wikipedia [0], the combustion equation is:

4 NH3 + 3 O2 → 2 N2 + 6 H2O

That's nitrogen and water. Apparently, your scary equation requires the presence of appropriate catalysts, which catalysts could certainly be excluded from any particular engine.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia#Combustion
Your article was very clear. Thank you for writing it.

It is a common refrain against simple mottos or ideologies in programming for people to pick the worst memory they have of a coder or experience as an example of why it cannot work.

As if the problem with a bad team member is that they heard the wrong motto, if only they hadn't started incorrectly following the boy scout rule their contributions would be exemplary.
Before the pandemic, my household purchased items online for delivery perhaps 1x per week. Now, it's 2-3x per day. Clothing, LPs, pearl milk tea, ...

This is a behavioral change that is playing out worldwide. I'd certainly expect people to head back into retail stores once the virus is spent, but they will also likely continue purchasing a higher portion of overall shopping online, simply because they've been forced to learn that for many, the experience is satisfactory. This is something they may not have previously realized.

What I wonder is, where is the labor shift happening? Warehouses need management, delivery needs drivers, live customer service is still valuable for handling corner case complaints & returns. Can cashiers and floor salespersons and store managers take those jobs? Even a town of, say, 25,000 needs drivers to deliver. How much of the brick-n-mortar workforce can be absorbed in this phase of Internet Automates Everything?
Digitization is largely irreversible. US ecommerce penetration has lots of catching up to do with China, UK, South Korea.
https://itch.io/jam/game-off-2020/rate/834134 (game submission for the game jam)
There is a rise in absolute numbers, and an even starker rise when considered against the baseline of the longer-term downwards trend. 80% is not far from doubling the number, which sounds pretty alarming.
Thanks, that makes more sense for the story.
So, uh, I guess we should, uh, limit government access to tracking data because uh government is the only organization that can send people to jail and fine people.

Everyone on HN knows if the public is going to evaluate the ethics and metrics of tracking data we should investigate it at the source first with private telecom companies. They can somewhat freely sell all of that data to people who operate outside the law.
Of course not. To consumers, Amazon provides an excellent service.

(This is the point where everyone always kramers in with their personal beefs with Amazon)

Like many others, I use Amazon because it's extremely useful, overall it's simply a better experience than shopping at other places. I have nothing against small businesses, but when I shop, I don't treat businesses like charities. If small businesses want my money, they have to actually present a better service. If they can't do that, it doesn't overly bother me that they go away.
The Porsche not fitting a family of four is a technical restriction. The iPad not running arbitrary software (within the bounds of the sandbox) are a political restriction.
the open list :

* Google github repo ( 30 results for repositories written in Rust )

* https://github.com/google?q=&type=&language=rust
The funny thing is, is leaving the land "the way it would have been if left alone" better? In many cases, it is debatable.

In New Zealand, there are many invasive species of animals and trees. Should they interfere and try to remove the invasive species? Or you should they "leave it alone" and let the pine trees take over all native plant species? (the same is happening in the french Alpes where pine trees are invading a lot of land).
Exactly. In ecological systems we don't get confused when a single species or type of cell replicates out of control and crowds out everything else. It's instantly, and intuitively, understandable as a pathology. A lesson that seems to suddenly get forgotten when we see it happening in an economic ecosystem.
It’s not. It isn’t. And why do you think the racial diversity in Comp Sci doesn’t match that of America? Or even that of the general college population?
So he is basing these super specific conclusions on the measurements of a single dodehycron? This is just silly number theory and can easily be proven or disproven by measuring and weighing another. If one hole is not elliptical then the argument doesn't hold.

I know nothing of this subject, but have to say that I like the idea of druids walking around with the reference objects for size and weight. Does anyone know how uniform they are?
Amazon didn’t get how they are today without the help of consumers. It’s not like they started out as a monopoly
> Maybe related to his stepping down 3 months ago

The cause of death has been released. He died in a house fire.

Edit: Died of injuries sustained in the fire, not in the house itself.

My point was just that there seems not to be any behavioral reason that this happened.
This is a weird comparison. Most Americans both reject casual heroin use and support additional measures restricting gun sales.
Although after doing some research I figured out what you are referencing for Hungary with some googling, some references would have been appreciated. Do you have some references about poland/hungaey, and more specifically how it can impact a business?
There's tons of 4G 'dumb phones' available.
The problem with this logic is that if you dont create such monopoly someone else definitely will.

Companies like Amazon are of national interest and cannot be easily regulated by governments.

My proposal is to have a "social responsibility tax". That does not have to be necessarily be a financial thing.

Companies like amazon should provide adequate housing and other perks where they can utilize economies of scale.
Yeah, the amount of people saying "fuck your freedom" when blanket lockdowns with no end date were announced at the start of the pandemic was disturbing. As much as they complain about the PATRIOT act and government overreach, you'd think they'd have a higher bar for giving up their rights.
Not to mention, the current regime in Iran is in power as the result of previous interventions by the U.S. and the UK. And yet we think another regime change is going to fix the mess we created for them years ago.
Dataframes and the proliferation of bad code in data science
This is good to know, do you have a link? I haven't seen anything with any actual data in it, just generic reassurances. But good to hear.
Seems more reasonable than the article! But aren't there simpler methods for this? Iron tools were a big time and money investment right?
It is indeed a bit unhinged.
It seems they just measured the diameter of the holes and then formed a series of integer multiples of these measurements. And some of these multiples happen to coincide with numbers used in specific settings (navigation, astronomy...). How surprising...
They fail to explain how those objects would be used in practice according to their theory without modern highly accurate calipers.

Not even speaking of the general tone and wild ramblings scattered throughout the article.

Edit: The number series are not even correct. For the first series (.875, 1.75, 2.265, 3.5, 4.375, ...) the third number should be 2.625 and not 2.265. It is even bolded.
Hehe

I do agree with you though. As a Greek living abroad, I wouldn’t mind eating Feta that’s made in Turkey, Bulgaria, Albania etc (neighboring countries which share a lot of the culinary/pastoral tradition), as long as I knew that the ingredients and methods are the same. Which is hard to do without strict regulations though, especially outside the EU.

Fun fact: there must be thousands of regional variations of Feta Cheese in Greece. Major supermarkets will carry at least 5-6 brands, and in the cheese section you will get an extra 4-5 varieties. They are all called Feta + place name, and they differ in fat content, water content, acidity, saltiness, tanginess etc. Delicious and sad that most non-Greeks haven’t had a taste of good tasting Feta as the exported varieties are usually pretty meh.
> I think HN will do fine. Have a look around: people are already discussing knitting instead of the content of the article after someone dug out a video that shows a similiar object being used.

Not "a similar object", that would imply an independent item which happens to share visible features. The video is a modern 3D printed replica of these..
How the self-esteem craze took over America (2017)